Akkusativ in German questions. Akkuzativ in German

Lesson 20 - German cases. In this step we will learn how to construct more complex phrases. For example, in the sentence I want to read a book word « book"in Russian no longer stands in its standard form (book), but receives the ending -y. There is a change in case (I want to read... who?/what?). In German, words also change by case. The normal form of the word (book) is called Nominativ, and the variation of the word (book) is called Akkusativ. We will get acquainted with him in this lesson.

How to say a phrase in German I want to read a book or I want to buy a wardrobe and a lamp . In this case, the German words do not change, but their articles change:

As we can see, a change is taking place only in masculine gender– der ➙ den. Neuter, feminine and plural are completely the same.

Ein und kein and Akkusativ case

Let's see how they change ein And kein :

Little words ein And kein also get cum -en, in other births nothing changes. Only the masculine gender changes: der ➙ den, einen, keinen.

Examples of using the German case Akkusativ:

Ich möchte das Buch lesen. — I want to read a book. (specific book)
Ich will ein Buch lesen. — I want to read a book. (some book)
Ich will den Schrank und die Lampe kaufen. — I want to buy a wardrobe and a lamp. (specific things)
Ich möchte einen Schrank und eine Lampe kaufen. — I want to buy a wardrobe and a lamp. (abstract, some things)
Ich möchte keinen Schrank kaufen. — I don't want to buy a wardrobe.
Ich will kein Buch lesen.— I don't want to read a book.
Sie will keine Bücher kaufen. — She doesn't want to buy books.

More examples:

Gib mir den Teller, bitte. — Give me a plate, please.
Ich brauche eine Kreditkarte. — I need a credit card.
Ich schreibe dir einen Brief. — I'm writing you a letter.
Ich habe das Auto verkauft. — I sold the car.
Ich schaue germen Filme. — I enjoy watching films.
Er hat keine Lampe gekauft. — He didn't buy a lamp.
Sie hat mir ein Packet geschickt. — She sent me a package.

Phrases "I have something" expressed by the formula

haben + Akkusativ(I have something)

Ich habe einen Hund. —I have a dog.
Er hat eine Schwester. — He has a sister.
Hat sie eine Wohnung? — Does she have an apartment?
Sie hat keine Wohnung. — She doesn't have an apartment.
Hast du Süßigkeiten zu Hause? — Do you have sweets at home?
Nein, ich habe keine Süßigkeiten. — No, I don't have any sweets.

Words me, you, him, her, us, you also refer to the Akkusativ case , because they answer the question “Blame who?”
Wen? (who?) - mich, dich, ihn, sie, uns, etc., which we examined

Speaking about the German case system, it is important to remember that, unlike the Russian one, it consists of four cases (pad.). Nouns do not change their endings when inflected in the case, only articles and endings of accompanying parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns or numerals) change.

In this article we will talk about Akkustiv in detail. Accusative (Vine) pad. in German it is also called Wenfall because it answers the questions wen? (whom), was? (What?). The question wen is used in relation to animate objects, and was - to inanimate objects. As in Russian, it also answers the question wohin? (where?), in such cases, the noun in Vin-om pad. acts as a circumstance.

Indefinite articles in Akkusativ

	m.r. (maskulinum)	w.r. (feminine)	s.r. (neutrum)
Nominative	ein	eine	ein
Akkusativ	einen	eine	ein

Definite articles in Akkusativ

	m.r. (maskulinum)	w.r. (feminine)	sr.r (neutrum)	plural (plural)
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Akkusativ	den	die	das	die

Ich liebe meinen Freund Johann sehr. – I love my friend Johann very much.

We liebe ich sehr? – Meinen Freund Johann = Akkusativ. -Whom do I love very much? – My friend Johann = Vin-y pad.

Ich habe dem Kind ein Eis gekauft. – I bought the child ice cream.

Was habe ich dem Kind gekauft? – ein Eis = Akkusativ. – What did I buy for the child? – Ice cream – Wine pad.

Jedes Jahr fahre ich in Urlaub aufs Kreta . – Every year I go on vacation to Crete.

Wohin fahre ich jedes Jahr? – Aufs Kreta = Akkusativ. – Where do I go every year? - To Crete. - Wine pad.

Most often Akkusativ (Vin-y pad.) in German is used as a direct object with transitive verbs:

Ich mag Haustiere. – I love pets.

Ich lese gerade das Magazin. - I'm reading a magazine.

Ich kaufe mir einen neuen Mantel. – I’m buying myself a new coat.

At first glance, nothing complicated, but there are verbs that are used only with Vin pad. (monovalent), and there are those that have 2 objects (divalent), i.e. Wine pad. and Genitive or Vine and Dative.

To monovalent verbs that control “pure” Vin-ym pad. include: lesen (read), trinken (drink), essen (eat), bauen (build), angehen (touch, relate), betreffen (relate, touch), bemalen (paint, paint), bewundern (admire, admire) , zeichnen (to draw, sketch), kennen (to know), lieben (to love), mitnehmen (to take with you), reparieren (to repair, mend) and many others.

Diese Angelegenheit geht dich nicht an. - This matter has nothing to do with you.

Er hat meinHandy repariert. – He repaired my phone.

Ich kenne ihn seit meiner Schulzeit. - I've known him since school.

You need to be very careful when inserting bivalent verbs into speech, since in this case you have to monitor the correct use of two objects. So, with Vin-th Dative pad. verbs used: angewöhnen (to teach), beibringen (to teach), bereiten (to deliver, cause), bieten (to offer), borgen (to lend), leihen, geben (to give), schenken (to give), bringen (to bring, bring) , empfehlen (advise), entgegnen (object), erklären (explain), erlauben (allow), ermöglichen (make possible, facilitate), erzählen (tell), mitteilen (report, convey), nehmen (take away, select), opfern ( donate), raten (advise), schreiben (write), schicken, senden (send, send), spenden (donate, give), verbieten (prohibit), verdanken (to be obliged), versprechen (promise), verzeihen (excuse), vorlesen (read aloud), widmen (dedicate), zeigen (show), zutrauen (consider capable of something, expect), zuwerfen (throw) and others.

Bringe mir (D) bitte eine Tasse (A) Tee. - Bring me a cup of tea, please.

Er ist der einzige Mensch, dem (D) ich meine Träume (A) mitteilte. “He is the only person I told about my dreams.”

Abends lese ich meinen Kindern (D) Mä rchen (A) vor. – In the evenings I read fairy tales to my children.

Mein erstes Buch (A) werde ich meinem besten Freund (D) widmen. – I dedicate my first book to my best friend.

Das Erbe hat mir (D) sorgloses Studium (A) ermöglicht. – The inheritance made my studies carefree.

Solch ein Benehmen (A) habe ich ihm (D) nicht zugetraut. “I didn’t expect such behavior from him.”

There are much fewer bivalent verbs that require Vine and Genitive cases. These include: anklagen, beschuldigen, bezichtigen (accuse, charge), belehren (educate, teach), berauben (deprive, take away), entbinden (release), entheben (suspend, release), entwöhnen (wean from something) , überführen (to incriminate, expose), verdächtigen (to suspect), versichern (to secure, to provide), verweisen (to expel, to expel from the country), würdigen (to honor).

Der Arzt hat den Patienten (A) jeglicher Hoffnung (G) beraubt. – The doctor deprived the patient of all hope.

Er hat mich (A) keines Blickes (G) gewürdigt. “He didn’t even spare me a glance.”

Die Eltern haben den Sohn (A) des Nuckels (G) entwöhnt. – The parents weaned their son off the pacifier.

Except for verbs that require a Vin pad next to them. There are also some adjectives and participles that are used with a direct object. These include wert, leid, gewohnt, hoch, schwer, alt, breit, dick, tief and some others.

Das Baby ist nur eine Woche alt. – The baby is only one week old.

Der Zaun ist einen Meter hoch. – A fence one meter high.

Ich bin körperliche Arbeit nicht gewohnt. – I’m not used to physical labor.

Akkusativ (Wine pad) is also used in Vin pad designs. + infinitive, usually with the verbs heißen (command, order), hören (hear), fühlen (feel), lassen (allow, allow), sehen (look, see), spüren (feel), etc.:

Ich hörte ihn in seinem Zimmer gehen, husten, sprechen. “I heard him walking around his room, coughing and talking.

Ich spüre dich atmen. “I can feel you breathing.”

In such sentences the object is in Vin-om pad. is, in its meaning, the subject of the action expressed by the infinitive.

Ich spüre dich.

Du atmest. → Ich spüre dich atmen.

Object in Vin-om Pad. can also be part of a compound nominal predicate, usually after the verbs nennen (to call), heißen (to call, to call), schelten (to scold, to scold), schimpfen (to scold), schmähen (to insult), etc.

Er nennt sie meine Kleine, obwohl sie über 80 Kilo wiegt. – He calls her my little one, despite the fact that she weighs more than 80 kg.

Die Eltern schimpfen mich einen faulen Bären. “My parents call me a lazy bear.”

Wine pad. is also used as a clarifying application (apposition) to the object in the Vinny pad.:

In der Schule liebte ich Laura, da s schönste Mädchen unserer class. – At school I loved Laura, the most beautiful girl in our class.

Im Zoo haben wir einen Löwen, den König der Tiere, gesehen. – At the zoo we saw a lion, the king of animals.

Wir begrüßen Herrn Meier , unseren Chefund Freund . – We welcome Mr. Mayer, our boss and friend.

When considering Akkusativ (Wine pad.) in German, it is necessary to dwell on prepositions that always require this pad. (regardless of their meaning): bis (before), durch (through, because of), für (for), gegen (against, to, around), ohne (without), pro (in), um (around) , entlang (along, in postposition), wider (against, contrary to).

Die Demonstraten protestieren gegen Atomkraft. – Demonstrators protest against nuclear energy.

Ich komme morgen gegen 11 Uhr. – I’ll come tomorrow around 11 o’clock.

Ich bin zufällig mit dem Auto gegen einen Baum gefahren. – I accidentally crashed my car into a tree.

Gehen wir lieber durch den Park. - Let's go through the park.

Man lernt eine fremde Sprache am besten durch Kommunikation in dieser Sprache. – The best way to learn a foreign language is through communication in that language.

Solche Bräuche sind durch das ganze Europa verbreiten. – Similar customs are common throughout Europe.

Durch den Autounfall bildete sich ein Verkehrsstau. – There was a traffic jam due to a car accident.

There is also a whole (but not only it). As a rule, these are prepositions with the meaning of place/direction: an, auf, hinter, neben, in, über, unter, vor, zwischen. Wine pad. we use when answering the question where? (wohin?).

Ich habe meinen Koffer hinter die Tür gestellt. – I put my suitcase outside the door.

Wohin habe ich meinen Koffer gestellt. – Hinter die Tür = Akkusativ. -Where did I put my suitcase? – Out the door = Vin pad.

Häng dieses Buchregal über den Tisch . – Hang this bookshelf above the table.

Wohin häng dieses Buchregal? – Über den Tisch = Akkusativ. – Where would you hang this bookshelf? – Above the table = Wine pad.

Wir gehen in den Park spazieren. – We are going for a walk in the park.

Wohin gehen wir? – In den Park = Akkusativ. -Where are we going for a walk? – To the park = Vin pad.

Akkusativ in German can also be used as an adverb of time, such phrases usually answer the question how long? (wie lange?) or how often? (wie oft?).

Es regnete ganze Woche. - It rained all week.

Wie lange regnete es? – Ganze Woche – Akkusativ. - How long it rained. – All week = Wine down.

Jeden Tag rufe ich meine Mutti an. – I call my mother every day.

Wie oft rufst du deine Mutti an? – Jeden Tag = Akkusativ. – How often do you call your mom? – Every day = wine fall.

All German prepositions are used with a specific case...To learn German prepositions with translation, their use, as well as freely applying them in practice, will take a lot of time. But it doesn’t matter, over time the prepositions will settle in your head, the main thing is to use various expressions and verbs with them more often in your speech...

In the German language there are prepositions that are used only in the Akkusativ case or German prepositions that are used only in the Dativ case. And also, in German there are prepositions that require both cases, both Akkusativ and Dativ(in this case you need to focus on the issue). Well, let's not forget about Genitiv.

P.s. Declension of articles by case is possible

And today in my article we Let's look at German prepositions with translation and examples=) Let's go!

Prepositions used ONLY in Akkusativ:

• bis (before...): Der Zug fährt bis Köln. — The train goes to Cologne.
• durch (through/through): Sie fahren durch die Türkei. — They are traveling through Turkey.
• entlang (along/during): Wir fahren die Küste entlang. We are driving along the coast.
• für (for/for something): Er braucht das Geld für seine Miete. He needs money to pay rent.
• gegen (against/in): Das Auto fuhr gegen einen Baum - The car drove into a tree.
• ohne (without): Ohne Brille kann ich nichts sehen. I can't see anything without glasses.
• um (about/around/at (-about time)): Wir sind um die Kirche (herum) gegangen. We walked around the church. Die Besprechung beginnt um 13.00 Uhr. The meeting starts at 13.00.
• wider (in spite of/against): Wider das Recht. Against the law|Against the right. Wider die Natur. Against nature

Prepositions used ONLY in Dativ:

• ab (from/s - indicates time)/starting from..): Ab nächster Woche habe ich Urlaub. I'm on vacation starting next week.
• aus (from): Ich komme aus der Türkei. I am from Turkey.
• außer (excluding/besides/outside of something): Ich habe außer einer Scheibe Brot nichts gegessen. I didn't eat anything except a slice/piece of bread.
• bei (1.indicates the location of somewhere/at someone - at/at/near. 2. indicates a state - for/during something) - (bei dem = beim): Ich wohne bei meinen Eltern . I live with my parents. | Er sieht beim Essen fern. He watches TV while/while eating.
• entgegen (in spite of): Entgehen den Erwartungen verlor der Boxer den Kampf. Contrary to expectations, the boxer lost the fight.
• gegenüber (opposite): Das Cafe befindet sich gegenüber dem Theater. The cafe is located opposite the theater.
• mit (“with”; and also indicates the means of performing the action): Ich fahre mit dem Auto. I'm driving a car. | Ich gehe mit meiner Schwester ins Kino. I'm going to the cinema with my sister.
• nach (after): Nach dem Essen gehe ich ins Bett. After eating I go to bed.
• seit (indicates a point in time - from some point, starting from..): Seit Adams Zeiten - Since the time of Adam and Eve. | Ich habe seit gestern Abend starke Kopfschmerzen. — I have a headache since last night.
• von (from - in temporal meaning; with, from - spatial meaning; indicates ownership) / (von dem - vom): Das ist der Schreibtisch vom Chef. This is my boss's desk. | Ich komme gerade vom Zahnarzt. I'm just from the doctor.
• zu (used when changing location, indicating a goal/place; k..) / (zu dem = zum|zu der = zur): Zum Glück regnet es nicht. Luckily it's not raining (it's not raining).

Prepositions used in both cases- both in Dativ and Akkusativ - are called Wechselpräpositionen. In this case, you should always ask questions:

Wo? (where? place) / Wann? (When?)= require dativ case.
Whoa? (where? direction, movement)= requires Akkusativ .

And now to these prepositions:

an (an dem = am|an das = ans) - on:
Dativ— Das Bild hängt an der Wand. (Wo? - an der Wand). The picture is hanging on the wall (Where?)
Akkusativ- Ich hänge das Bild an die Wand (wohin? - an die Wand). I hang a picture on the wall. (Where?)

auf (auf das = aufs) - on:
Dativ— Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. The book is on the table.
Akkusativ— Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch. I put the book on the table.

hinter - behind, behind, from:
Dativ— Der Brief liegt hinter dem Schreibtisch. The letter lies at the table.
Akkusativ— Der Brief ist hinter den Schreibtisch gefallen. The letter fell on the table.

in (in dem = im|in das = ins) - in:
Dativ— Ich war in der Schweiz. I was in Switzerland.
Akkusativ— Ich fahre in die Schweiz. I'm going to Switzerland.

neben - nearby, near:
Dativ— Der Tisch steht neben dem Bett. The table is near the bed.
Akkusativ— Ich stelle den Tisch neben das Bett. I'll put the table next to the bed.

über - above, oh, more:
Dativ— Das Bild hängt über dem Sofa. The painting hangs above the sofa.
Akkusativ— Laura hängt das Bild über das Sofa. Laura hangs a picture above the sofa.

unter - under:
Dativ— Die Katze sitzt unter dem Stuhl. The cat is sitting under the chair.
Akkusativ— Die Katze kriecht unter den Stuhl. The cat crawled under the chair.

vor (vor dem = vorm) - before, before:
Dativ-Die Taxis stehen vorm Bahnhof. Taxis stand in front of the railway station.
Akkusativ— Die Taxis fahren direkt vor die Tür. Taxis come right to the door.

zwischen - between:
Dativ-Das Foto ist zwischen den Büchern. The photo is between the books.
Akkusativ— Hast du das Foto zwischen die Büchern gesteckt? — Did you put the photo between the books?

Prepositions with the Genitive case:

• außerhalb (beyond/outside/outside): Außerhalb der Stadt gibt es viel Wald. There is a large forest outside the city.
• innerhalb (within/within/within/within): Bitte bezahlen Sie die Rechnung innerhalb einer Woche. Please pay your invoice within a week. Der Hund kann sich innerhalb der Wohnung befinden. The dog can be in the apartment.
• laut (in accordance with.../according to something/by/): Laut einer Studie sind nur 50% der Deutschen glücklich. According to a study, only 50% of Germans are happy.
• mithilfe (with/with assistance): Mithilfe eines Freundes gelang ihm die Flucht. Thanks to the help of friends, he managed to escape.
• statt (instead of smth.): Statt eines Blumenstrausses verschenkte er ein altes Buch. Instead of a bouquet of flowers, he gave an old book.
• trotz (despite/despite): Trotz einer schlechten Leistung bestand er die Prüfung. Despite his poor performance, he passed the exam.
• während (during something/during something/in the process): Während seines Studiums lernte er Englisch. During his studies at the institute, he learned English.
• wegen (because of/as a result of smth.): Wegen eines Unglücks hatte der Zug Verspätung. The train was late due to an accident.
  IMPORTANT : with personal pronouns pretext wegen will be used with case Dativ: Wegen dir|mir (+Dativ) — Wegen dir habe ich drei Kilo zugenommen. Because of you, I gained 3 kg.

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Let's compare two Russian sentences:

The car turned the corner.

I noticed this car.

In the first case, the actor is the machine. Word car is in the nominative case (who what?), as it is called here, the doer is called. In the second case, the machine turns from an actor into an object (here – observation). This is the so-called accusative case (I blame, I blame who? What?).

Car turns into car, that is, it changes the ending.

Let's now see what happens in a similar situation in German:

Der Zug geht um halb zwölf.— The train leaves at half past eleven.

Ich nehme den Zug. – Verbatim: I'll take this train.

As you can see, unlike the Russian language, it is not the ending that has changed, but the article. Der Zug– in the nominative case (Nominative), den Zug– in the accusative case (Akkusativ). In the nominative case, words answer questions Who? What? ( wer? was?), and in the accusative - to questions whom? What? ( wen? was?). But when you speak German, you no longer have time to control yourself with questions. Therefore, it is easier to focus on what a given word represents: the doer or the object of the action. If the object of the action is Akkusativ. Just imagine an arrow (->) - and you can’t go wrong. Moreover, the object of the action must be without a preposition, since a preposition, as in Russian, changes everything. Compare: Did the job. Got the job done. In other words, the arrow should point directly to the object.

Proverb: Übung mast den Meister. – The exercise is done by the master.

So far we have dealt with the masculine gender, where the article der changed to den. Let us now observe what happens in the remaining genders and in the plural:

Neuter gender (n): Ich nehme das Taxi. - I'll take (this) taxi.

Feminine (f): Ich nehme die Straßenbahn. - I'll take (this) tram.

Plural (pl): Ich nehme die Briefmarken. - I'll take (these) stamps.

As you can see, nothing happens. Akkusativ does not change neuter and feminine nouns in any way, nor does it affect the plural.

Therefore you need to remember: Akkusativ - this is only for the masculine gender, onlyder onden !

What if the article is indefinite?

Ich trinke eine Milch, ein Bier und ein en Wein.– I will drink milk, beer and wine.

(I'll take this risk for the sake of grammar.) Where is the masculine word here? Right, der (ein) Wein. IN Akkusativ ein moved to einen by adding -en.

Means, der -> den, ein -> einen(kein -> keinen, mein -> meinen). Everything is on-en .

Notice that after the expression es gibt (there is, there is) must be consumed Akkusativ(for the simple reason that this expression is literally translated it gives... who? What?):

Es gibt hier ein en Biergarten.– There is a biergarten (beer garden: a beer garden under the trees).

To express a period of time (->) also used Akkusativ:

Ich war dort den ganz en Tag.– I was there all (“the whole”) day.

Ich gehe jed en Tag dorthin.– I go there every day.

A noun can be replaced by a pronoun ("instead of a name"), when it is already clear who or what we are talking about.

Ich kenne den Mann.- I know this man.

Ich kenne ihn. - I know him.

Here we have Akkusativ- and masculine gender. As well as der changes to den, pronoun er (he) changes to ihn (him). This is not difficult to remember, since everywhere -r goes into -n.

But you don’t have to use special pronouns. (er, ihn), you can simply leave the definite article - and it will be the same, only a little more familiar:

Ich kenne den. - I know him (this). Der ist mein Freund. - He is my friend.

In other births (sie – she, es – it) and in the plural (sie – they) no changes occur. Akkusativ = Nominativ. That is, literally, it says:

I know she, I know it, I know they.

For example:

Ich kenne die Frau, ich kenne die (sie). - I know this woman, I know her.

Ich kenne das Buch, ich kenne das (es). - I know this book.

Ich kenne die Bücher, ich kenne die (sie). – I know these books, I know them.

Ich kenne Sie. - Do I know you.

Polite form Sie in German it is not taken from You, and from They. That is, when addressing you politely, they say: I know they.

As for other so-called personal pronouns (denoting persons) in Nominative and in Akkusativ, then they are best remembered in examples:

Ich liebe dich. - I love you.

Liebst du mich? - Do you love me?

Seht ihr uns? -Can you see us?(Ihr – this is when with each of the interlocutors You.)

Wir sehen euch. - We see you.

There are only four cases in the German language, and all of them correspond to certain cases of the Russian language: nominative (Nominativ), genitive (Genitiv), dative (Dativ) and accusative (Akkusativ). Each case in the German language corresponds to certain endings of various parts of speech, and all, except the nominative, correspond to various prepositions.

Cases in German

The nouns used in Nominativ act in sentences as subjects or nominal parts of the predicate and answer the questions “What? – Was? Who? – Wer?”, many pronouns in Nominativ answer the same question. The accompanying nouns, adjectives, participles, pronouns, indefinite and definite articles, are in the same case. For example:

Inzehn Minuten klopfte jemand an seine Tür. – Ten minutes later, someone knocked on his door (pronoun in Nominativ).

DerkleinespielendeJunge sass auf dem Teppich. – A small playing boy was sitting on the carpet (article, adjective, participle I, noun in Nominativ).

Du hast eine falsche Aufgabe gemacht. – You did the wrong (wrong) task (pronoun in Nominativ).

Genitiv usually indicates that something or someone belongs to someone or something and is not particularly often used in German colloquial speech. Genitiv answers the questions of Who? What? Whose? (Wessen?). Genitiv nouns without a preposition most often act as modifiers in sentences. Prepositions that always require the use of German words in the genitive case include: instead of, instead of - (an)statt, during, about, on occasion – anlässlich, during, in the process, during – während, because of, as a consequence, for the sake of, thanks to – wegen(can come after a noun), along, in the longitudinal direction – längs, despite, in spite of – trotz, close to, not far from – unweit and others.

Das Haus meines Kollegen (G.) liegt am Stadtrande. – My colleague’s house is located on the outskirts of the city.

Anstatt einer neuen Sporttasche (G.) habe ich einen schönen Koffer gekauft. – Instead of a new sports bag, I bought a beautiful suitcase.

Anlässlich seines letzten Aufenthaltes (G.) in Italien hat er Venedig besucht. – During his last stay in Italy, he visited Venice.

Während des Schulunterrichtes (G.) darf man nicht schwatzen. – You can’t chat during a school lesson.

Wegen einer schweren Lungenentzündung (G.) muss sie noch ein paar Wochen im Bett bleiben. “Due to severe pneumonia, she must remain in bed for a couple more weeks.”

Du musst den Stoff längs der Kante (G.) messen. – You must measure the fabric along the edge.

Trotz des schönen Wetters (G.) bleiben wir heute zu Hause. – Despite the good weather, we will stay at home today.

Unweit unseres Hauses gibt es viele kleine Parkanlagen. – Not far from our house there are many small squares.

The dative case in German (Dativ) answers the questions To whom? – Wem? Where? - Wo? When? – Wann?; nouns that appear in this case are indirect objects or circumstances in sentences. Prepositions that strictly require the use of Dativ after themselves include: after, on, by, in – nach, at, y - bei, from - aus, oh, from, with - von, against - gegenüber(usually comes after a noun), except - ausser, towards, against, despite – entgegen(can come after a noun), to - zu, with the help of, with - mit, starting from (in relation to time) - seit.

Nach der Veranstaltung (D.) treffen wir uns vor dem zentralen Eingang.

In Grassau werde ich bei meinen Verwandten (G.) übernachten. – In Grassau I will spend the night with my relatives.

Warum trinkst du Wein aus der Flasche (G.)? Hast du keine Glaser? – Why are you drinking wine from a bottle? Don't you have any glasses?

Wir wohnen in einem Haus, das von einem berühmten Architekten (D.) erbaut wurde. – We live in a house that was built by a famous architect.

Dieser Schwimmhalle gegenüber(D.) befindet sich eine riesengrosse Parkanlage. – Opposite this pool there is a huge park.

Ausser meinem Brunder (D.) sind schon alle gekommen. “Everyone except my brother has already arrived.”

Der gelbe Opel fuhr entgegen der Fahrtrichtung (G.). – The yellow Opel was driving against the traffic. Heute musst du das Buch bis zum Kapitel 3 lesen. – Today you must read the book up to chapter 3.

Mit seinem neuen Rasenmäher hat er seinen Garten ganz schnell in Ordnung gebracht. “With the help of his new lawn mower, he quickly tidied up his garden.”

Seit der Gründung (D.) von St.Petersburg sind über 300 Jahre vergangen. – More than 300 years have passed since the founding of St. Petersburg.

The accusative case in German (Akkusativ) answers the questions What? – Was? Whom? – Wen? Where? – Wohin?; nouns used in this case act as either direct objects (without a preposition) or indirect objects or circumstances (with prepositions) in a sentence. There are a number of prepositions after which nouns must be used in Akkusativ: without – ohne(after this preposition the noun always stands without an article), against, around, in the area – gegen, for, for - fur, around, about, on, through, behind - um, by means of, through, through - durch, along - entlang(can come after a noun), before – bis(usually used together with the prepositions zu, auf, in, an).

1.Ohne Bademütze (Akk.) darf man in der Schwimmhalle nicht schwimmen. – You can’t swim in the pool without a swimming cap.

2. Gegen Abend (Akk.) kommt auch meine Freundin Marta. – In the evening (around evening) my friend Marta will also come.

3. Er kämpft gegen sein eigenes Volk (Akk.). “He is fighting against his own people.”

4. Wir bummelten die Strassen der unbekannten Stadt entlang. – We wandered the streets of an unfamiliar city.

5. Mein Nachbar interessiert sich für die Geschichte (Akk.) der Olympischen Spiele. – My neighbor is interested in the history of the Olympic Games.

6. Die Menschen sollen sich um ihre Haustiere (Akk.) kümmern. – People should take care of their pets.

7. Durch diesen kleinen Loch (Akk.) im Zaun hat er die Welt beobachtet. – Through this small hole in the fence he watched the world.

8. Mit diesem Bus fahren die Kinder bis zur Endstation. – The children will take this bus to the final stop.

9. Mit dieser Maschine fliege ich bis Berlin (Akk.). – I’m flying to Berlin on this plane.