For many German words you can find similar ones. "The Translator's False Friends" in German and English: Falsche Freunde des Übersetzers
Ukrainian words similar to German
The picture shows the Germans, 3rd century AD. In the picture - Ukrainians
In the Ukrainian language you can find many words of Germanic origin, words common to the Ukrainian and German languages, as well as words similar to German. Knowing these words helps when learning German. There are more such words in the Ukrainian language than in Russian.
There are several reasons and eras for the emergence of common Ukrainian-German words. Germanic and Slavic languages belong to the Indo-European language group and arose from the common proto-language of SANSKRIT. Therefore, in Germanic and Slavic languages there are many similar single-root words; for example German Mutter - Ukrainian matir, mother; German glatt (smooth, slippery, quirky) - Ukrainian. smooth. During the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, over several centuries (in the 1st millennium AD), German tribes (Teutons, Goths, etc.) passed through the lands of what is now Ukraine, including the Lower Dnieper region and Volyn. The Eastern Goths were in Volyn in the 2nd - 5th centuries. AD Part of the German-speaking population did not go to the West along with the majority of their fellow tribesmen, but continued to live in the lands of what is now Ukraine. The Eastern Slavs appeared in Volyn and the Dnieper region around the same time, in the first half of the first millennium of the new era. Rare settlements of some German-speaking tribes interspersed with settlements of the Slavs. The inhabitants of these villages gradually merged with the Eastern Slavs and transferred part of their vocabulary to the latter. The German-speaking population influenced the language and culture of the Eastern Slavs, and subsequently became related and merged with the Slavs. The ancient origin of words related to Germanic ones in the Ukrainian language is confirmed by the fact that among these words there are many that denote basic life concepts (buduvati, dakh). In the Kyiv region there is still a settlement called GERMANOVKA, known by this name for more than 1,100 years. In the 9th century AD, and perhaps even earlier, close communication between Rus' and the Varangians began, who brought with them from Scandinavia the language of the North Germanic (Scandinavian) group. From the Varangians who came at the end of the 9th century. led by Prince Oleg to Kyiv, these words entered the language of the Polyans and Drevlyans who lived in these places. The Polyanes and the Drevlyans spoke their own languages, close to each other. And since the time of Christianization, the role of the written language throughout Kievan Rus was played by the Church Slavonic language, in which the Slavic Bible of Cyril and Methodius was written. The Polyansky language was the spoken language of the Kyiv principality and became one of the progenitors of the Ukrainian language. During the eventful thousand-year history of Ukraine, German words penetrated into the Ukrainian language in other ways. The penetration of German words into the Ukrainian language continued first through the Polish language during the time of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which for a long time included Ukraine, and later through Galicia, which was part of Austria-Hungary for a long time. Since ancient times, German specialists (builders, carpenters, blacksmiths, brewers, bakers, directors, management personnel, etc.) came to Ukraine. They all brought with them the terms of their professions.
Not all words of the Ukrainian language that have the same root as German came into the Ukrainian language directly from the German language. Words common to these languages may have other origins. Some German words entered Ukraine through Yiddish, the language of Eastern European Ashkinazi Jews. for example, the word hubbub (scream, noise), Gewalt, which in German means power, violence.
The presence in the Ukrainian language of many words common to the Ukrainian and German languages is also explained by the borrowing of international words by these languages from Latin, Greek, French, English and other languages. In the Ukrainian and German languages there are many similar international words of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English and French origin. For example, the words Kreide (chalk), Edukation (education), fein (beautiful). Some Ukrainian words in this glossary are not related to German words, but are only coincidentally similar and consonant with them.
It makes sense to indicate in one glossary all the words common to the Ukrainian and German languages, regardless of their origin. Knowing such words helps when learning German.
When pronouncing the Ukrainian sound “g”, you should keep in mind that in most cases it is pronounced as a voiced sound, paired with the voiceless sound “x”, and in Russian - as a voiced sound, paired with the voiced sound “k”. Therefore, Ukrainian words with the letter “g” are closer in sound to German words with the letter “h” (gartuvati - haerten - to harden).
The glossary first lists a Ukrainian word, then a German word after a dash, then a definite article showing the grammatical gender of the noun (in German), then in parentheses the meaning of this word in German, if this meaning does not completely coincide with the meaning of the Ukrainian word, then after dash is the Russian meaning of the Ukrainian word.
In this publication, special German letters ("acute" es, vowels with "umlaut") cannot be conveyed. They are expressed by combinations of Latin letters -ss, -ue, -ae, -oe.
Accentuvati - akzentuiren - to emphasize, highlight, put an accent mark
gazebo - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in German from Italian alt - high) - gazebo, gazebo. At first, this was the name for large balconies, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.
Bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bagnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in German from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitniy - blau - blue, sky color
plaque - Blech, das - tin
bleshany (blechernes Dach) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - need (something), lack (something);
I'm missing (something) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
I'm wasting pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I don't have enough money, I need money; I'm missing the hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don't have enough time, I don't have time
brewer - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the district center in the Kyiv region of Brovary comes from the word “brovar”)
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brewing - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rough
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - German. shop, stall, lodge;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, lodge) - build
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabic cloak with hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, medieval school with a dormitory
bursak - Burse, der, - student of the bursa
Wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - attract
hesitate - vage (German vague, shaky) - hesitate, hesitate
vagina (woman) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant (“gaining weight”)
wagi - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German weigh) - weigh;
warta - Wart, der (German keeper, guardian) - guard;
vartovy - Wart, der (German keeper, guard) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German: wait, care for a child or the sick, perform official duties) - stand on guard; guard, guard
vazhiti - waegen - weigh, weigh;
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, sea watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, risk) - to have an opinion
vizerunok - (from German Visier das - visor) - pattern
vovna - Wolle, die - wool
wogky - feucht - wet
Guy - Hain, der - grove, forest, coppice, oak grove
haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from the Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian mercenary warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - hired warrior, servant, traveling footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
halmo - Halm, der (in German: stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - brake
galmuvati - Halm, der (in German: stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - hardening, hardening
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
gartuvati - haerten - harden (in the village of Bobrik, Brovary district, Kyiv region, a dialect word was used, derived from gartuvati - gartanachka, which meant potatoes baked in a pot over a fire)
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape) - to rape
gendlyuvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (the word hetman came to the Ukrainian language through the Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gesheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - trading business
hon! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (in it - jump, leap) - hop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (multiple, plural) - Gitter, das - bars (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, foundation, justification
gruendlich - thoroughly,
gruendlich - solid
to ground, to ground - gruenden (German: to lay the foundation for something, to justify) - to justify
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German look) - to call someone from a distance, to call loudly
guma - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
humovium - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, plural gurka - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect heard in Gogolev, Kiev region)
Dach - Dach, das - roof
kings - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
druckerei - Druckerei, die - printing house
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuvati - druecken - print
dyakuvati - danken - to thank
Education (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; From this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective “edukovaniy” - educated, well-mannered. From this adjective arose the distorted common folk ironic “midikovany” (an arrogant person with a pretense of education) and the expression: “midikovany, tilki ne drukaniy” (with a pretense of education, but still not published)
Zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in German from Italian Soldo - monetary unit, lat. Solidus) - mercenary warrior
Zaborguvati - borgen - to make debts, to borrow
Istota - ist (German is, exists - third person singular present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)
Kaplitsa - Kapelle, die (it also means chapel) - chapel
Karafka - Karaffe, die - a pot-bellied glass vessel with a stopper, for water or drinks, often faceted, decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in German, to make notches, notches, but with something) - ruble, i.e. minted, notched
karbuvati - kerben - to notch, mint (money)
kwach - Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, fool) - a piece of rags for greasing a frying pan, in a children's game - the one who is obliged to catch up with other players and convey the role of the kvach with his touch, the name of this game, an exclamation when conveying the role of the kvach
receipt - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt for receiving something) - ticket (entrance, travel)
pick - Keil, der (German wedge, key, dihedral angle) - pick, a hand-held mining tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
kelech - Kelch, der - cup, bowl, vessel with a foot
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, bend in the road) - steering wheel
keruvati - kehren (in German it means to turn) - to manage, to lead
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many ingredients: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or with filling
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian this is a word of Turkish origin)
klejnot - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewelry (via Polish klejnot - jewel, precious object), regalia, which were military insignia of the Ukrainian hetmans
color - Couleur, die (in German this is a word of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German boil) - to love
kost (for your kosht) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, food) - bill (at your own expense)
costoris - der Kostenplan (pron. kostenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (how many koshtuє?) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
bed - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, small trader, tradesman
kramnica - Kram, (German product) - store, shop
kreide - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
kriza - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (bread) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl. crumbs, topsoil) - hunk, cut piece of bread
kushtuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (via Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, type, form
Lantukh - Leintuch (German linen) - row, spindle (coarse sackcloth or clothing), a large bag of row or thread (“ponitok” - peasant homespun half-cloth), burlap for cart tires, for drying grain bread, etc. In Ukrainian The word came from German through Polish (lantuch - rag, flap).
lanzug - Langzug (German long pull, long line) - rope
lizhko - liegen (German lie) - bed
likhtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire; - flashlight
deprive, deprive - from it. lassen (in German - this verb means “to leave” and many other meanings) - to leave, to leave
lyoh - from him. Loch, das (German hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lyusterko - from him. L;st, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that covers a hole inside something, a chest lid
Malyuvati - malen - to draw
baby - malen (draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manierny - manierlich (German: polite, polite, well-mannered) - emphatically polite, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
molasses - Molasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste product when producing sugar)
snowflake - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 ha (Western Ukrainian dialect)
mur - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, to owe
Nisenitnytsia - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German “Sensus”, “Sinn” - meaning; Ukrainian “sens” - meaning - come from the Latin “sensus”) - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)
Olia - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, petroleum) - liquid vegetable oil
otset (in Ukrainian from the Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, salt of acetic acid) - vinegar
Peahen - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
pasuvati - passsen - to approach something (to a face, etc.), to be on time
penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlina (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruka - Peruecke, die - wig
peruecke - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilav - Pilaw (read pilaf), (in German variants: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing)
scarf - Platte, die - plate, plate
parade ground - Platz, der - area (in a populated area)
plundruvati - pluendern - to plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
pohaptsem - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces)
proposition - poponieren (to offer) - proposal
proponuvati - poponieren - to offer
Rada - Rat, der - council (instruction or collegial body); Ukrainian words with the same root: radnik - adviser; narada - meeting
ration (in Vistula: ti maєsh ration) - Ratio, die (German reason, logical thinking) - rightness (in the expression: you're right)
rahuvati - rechnen - count (money, etc.)
rakhunok - Rechnung, die - counting, counting
reshta - Rest, der - remainder
rizik - Risiko, das - risk
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
rinva - Rinne, die - gutter, groove
ryatuvati - retten - save
Celery - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sense - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (this word came into German and Ukrainian from the Latin language)
skorbut - Skorbut, der - scurvy
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
savor - schmecken - taste
savory - schmackhaft - tasty, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
stroh - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) – thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
stringy - Strunk, der (German rod, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Scandinavian. stoeng (ancient Swedish - stang) “pole, pole” - flag, banner
Teslar - Tischler, der - carpenter
torturi (in Ukrainian only used in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - tremble
Ugorshchina - Ungarn, das - Hungary
Fainy (West Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, elegant, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word came from the English language)
fakh - Fach, das - specialty
fahivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugeb;nk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - cart
fuhrmann - Fuhrmann, der - carter
Hapati - happen (nach D) (in German - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces) - grab
hut - Huette, die - house
Tsvirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, tweet
tsvyakh - Zwecke, die (in German: a short nail with a wide head, a button) - a nail
tsegla - Ziegel, der - brick
treadmill - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
tseber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
cil - Ziel, das - goal
cibul - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civil - zivil - civilian, civilian
zina (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (rough) - Zitze, die - female breast
zukor - Zucker, der - sugar
Line - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
Checks - Schachspiel, das - chess
shakhray - Schacherei, die (German petty trade, doing business, huckstering) - swindler
shibenik - schieben schieben (German: move, push) - hanged man, hooligan
shibenitsa - schieben (German: move, push) - gallows
shibka - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
shank - Schincken, der oder die - ham, piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
tavern - Schenke, der - tavern, tavern
way - from German schlagen - to beat, compact - road, path
shopa (Western Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - a fenced off part of a yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shukhlade - Schublade, die - drawer
Shcherbaty - Scherbe, die, (in German, a shard, a fragment) - with one fallen, knocked out or broken tooth (this word is also in Russian)
Fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (in German, annual market) - fair (this word is also in Russian)
Glossary of Ukrainian words similar to German
Russian words in German
Oleg Kiselev
RUSSIAN WORDS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE
Kiselev O.M. 2007
Every language has words of foreign origin. In German, words of Russian origin mainly relate to the specifics of Russian or Soviet life.
Abkuerzungsverzeichnis - list of abbreviations
Adj. - Adjektiv - adjective
Ez. - Einzahl - singular
frz. - franzoesisch - French
it. - italienisch - Italian
lat. - lateinisch - Latin
Mz. - Mehrzahl - plural
nlat. - neulateinisch - New Latin
russ. - russisch - Russian
slaw - slavisch - Slavic
tschech. - tschechisch - Czech
umg. - umgangssprachlich - from colloquial language
see - sieh! - Look!
This glossary contains words of Russian origin, most of which the average German understands without translation or explanation. Some of these words are only understood by advanced Germans. In German texts such words are used without translation.
After the noun being explained, the gender of the noun and the ending of the genitive case (genitive) singular, as well as the nominative case (nominative) plural, are indicated in brackets. An explanation of the meaning of these words is given in German and Russian.
Aktiv, (das, -s, nur Ez.), - Personenegruppe, die eine Aufgabe in der Gesellschaft erfuellt (in Kommunist. Lagern) (lat.-russ.) - asset, (in communist countries)
Aktivist, (der, -n, -n), - 1. jemand, der aktiv und zielstrebig ist, 2. ausgezeichneter Werktaetiger (in der DDR) (lat.-russ.) - activist, active worker (in the GDR)
Apparatschik, (der, -n, -n), sturer Funktion;r (lat.-russ.) - apparatchik, stubborn (stupid, limited) functionary
Babuschka, Matr(j)oschka, traditionalle russische Puppe - in German it is often used instead of the word matryoshka
Balalajka, (die, -, -ken), russischem Zupfinstrument - balalaika, Russian plucked musical instrument
Barsoi, (der, -s, -s), russischer Windhund - greyhound, Russian hound dog
Borschtsch, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Eintopf aus Roten Rueben, Weisskraut, sauer Sahne u.a. (als polnische, ukrainische oder russische Spezialitaet) - borscht, Polish, Ukrainian or Russian first course of beets and/or cabbage with sour cream
Beluga, (der, -s, -s), 1. kleine Walart, Weiswal, 2. (nur Ez.) Hausenkaviar, 3. Hausen (Huso huso L.) - 1. white whale, beluga whale, marine mammal of the dolphin family, 2. beluga caviar, 3. beluga, a genus of fish of the sturgeon family, anadromous fish of the Black, Azov, Caspian and Adriatic seas
Bistro, (das, -s, -s), kleine Gaststaedte mit einer Weinbar (russ.-frz.) - bistro, small cafe with wine bar, snack bar, small restaurant (derived from the Russian word "quickly"; after the victory over Napoleon in 1814 Russian Cossacks in Paris used this word)
Blini, (das, -s, -s), kleiner Buchweizenpfannkuchen - pancakes (in Germany they believe that pancakes are made from buckwheat flour)
Bojar, (der, -n, -n), altruss. Adliger, altrumaenischer Adliger - boyar (in ancient Rus' or in former Romania)
Bolschewik, (der, -n, -n oder -i), Mitglied der Kommunistischen Partei der ehemaliges Sovjetunion (bis 1952) - Bolshevik, member of the Communist Party of the former USSR (until 1952)
bolschewisieren, (Verb), bolschewistisch machen - to Bolshevize
Bolschewismus, (der, -, nur Ez.), Herrschaft der Bolschewiken, (nlat.-russ.) - Bolshevism, Bolshevik domination
Bolschewist, (der, -en, -en), Anhoenger des Bolschewismus - Bolshevik
bolschewistisch, (Adj.), zum Bolschewismus gehoerig - Bolshevik
Burlak, (der, -en, -en), Wolgakahntreidler, Schiffsziher - barge hauler, a person from a group of people pulling a barge
cyrillische Schrift - see kyrillische Schrift
Datscha, (die, -, -n), Landhaus (in ehemalige DDR) - dacha, country house (formerly in the former GDR)
Dawaj-dawaj! - come on, come on! (in Germany they know this Russian expression, but do not understand its literal meaning; the expression was brought by prisoners of war returning from Russia)
Desjatine, (die, -, -n), altes russisches Flaechenma; (etwas mehr als als ein Hektar) - tithe, an old Russian measure of area, slightly more than one hectare
Getman, (der, -s, -e), (dt.-poln.-ukr.), oberster ukrainische Kosakenfuehrer, (from German Hauptmann - captain, centurion, chief) - hetman (Ukrainian), hetman (Russian) ) (the word hetman came into the Ukrainian language through the Polish language
Glasnost
Gley (der, -, nur Ez.), nasser Mineralboden - soil profile of green, blue or bluish-rusty color due to the presence of ferrous iron (in Russian from English)
Gospodin, (der, -s, Gospoda), Herr - master
Gulag, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Hauptverwaltung der Lagern (in der ehemaliges Sovjetunion) - Gulag, the main administration of camps in the former USSR
Iglu, (der oder das, -s, -s), aus Sneebloken bestehende runde Hutte des Eskimos - an igloo consisting of snow blocks, a round structure of the Eskimos
Iwan, (der, -s, -s), Russe, sowietischer Soldat; Gesamtheit der sowjetischen Soldaten (als Spitzname im II Weltkrieg) - Ivan, Russian, Soviet soldier, Soviet army (as a nickname in World War II)
Jakute, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines Turkvolkes in Sibirien - nationality, a person belonging to one of the Turkic peoples of Siberia
Jurte, (die, -, -n), rundes Filzzelt mittelasiatischer Nomaden - yurt, round tent of Central Asian nomads
Kadet, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger einer 1905 gegruendeten, liberal-monarchistischen russischen Partei, - cadet, member of the party of constitutional democrats created in 1905, supporters of the constitutional monarchy in Tsarist Russia
Kalaschnikow (der, -s, -s), Maschinenpistole (im Namen des russische Erfinder), - Kalashnikov; Kalashnikov assault rifle (on behalf of the Russian inventor)
Kalmuecke (Kalmyke), (der. -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines Westmongolischenvolkes - Kalmyk
Kasache, (der, -en, -en), Einwohner von Kasachstan, Angehoeriger eines Turkvolkes in Centralasien - Kazakh
Kasack, (der, -s, -s), ueber Rock oder Hose getragene, mit Guertel gehaltene Bluse (durch it.-frz.) - a blouse worn over a dress or trousers and supported by a belt
Kasatschok, (der. -s, -s), akrobatischer Kosakentanz, bei dem die Beine aus der Hoke nach vorn geschleuden werden - acrobatic dance of the Cossacks, in which the legs slide forward
Kascha, (die, -, nur Ez.), russische Buchweizengruetze, Brei - porridge, in Germany the word “Kascha” is used mainly to refer to buckwheat porridge
KGB - KGB, State Security Committee
Kibitka, (die, -, -s), 1. Jurte, 2. einfacher, ueberdachter russischer Bretterwagen oder Schlitten - 1. yurt, 2. kibitka, a simple covered Russian cart or sleigh
Knute, (die, -, -n), Riemenpeitsche; Gewaltherrschaft - whip, belt whip, control by force
Kolchos (der, das, -, Kolchose), Kolchose (die, -, -n), landwirtschaftliczhe Productionsgenossenschaft in Sozialismus - collective farm, collective farm, agricultural production cooperative under socialism
Komsomol (der, -, nur Ez.), kommunistiscze jugedorganization (in der ehemaliges UdSSR) (Kurzwort) - Komsomol
Komsomolze (der, -n, -n), Mitglied des Komsomol - Komsomol member
Kopeke, (die, -, -n), abbr. Kop. - kopeck
Kosak, (der, -en, -en), - freier Krieger, leichter Reiter; in Russland und in die Ukraine angesiedelten Bevoelkerungsgruppe - Cossack
Kreml, (der, -s, -s), Stadtburg in russischen Staedten; Stadtburg in Moskau und Sitz der russische Regierung; die russische Regierung - the Kremlin, the central fortress in ancient Russian cities, the Kremlin, the central fortress in Moscow, the Soviet or Russian government
Kulak, (der, -en, -en), Grossbauer, (von russisches Wort Kulak, bedeutet auch Faust) - wealthy peasant, fist
Kyrillika, Kyrilliza, kyrillische Schrift - slawische Schrift (slaw.) - Cyrillic, Church Slavonic script, the name of a group of Slavic scripts (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Slavic), descended from the Church Slavonic script created by Cyril and Methodius
Leninismus, (der, -s, nur Ez.), der von W.I.Lenin weiterentwickelte Marksismus (rus.-nlat.) - Leninism
Leninist, (der, -en, -en), Anh;nger des Leninismus (rus.-nlat.) - supporter of Leninism, Leninist
leninistisch, (Adj.), zum Leninismus gehoerig, darauf beruhend (rus.-nlat.) - related to Leninism, based on Leninism
Machorka (der, -s, nur Ez.), russischer Tabak, - makhorka, Russian strong tobacco
Malossol, (der, -s, nur Ez.), schwach gesalzener russische Kaviar - lightly salted caviar
Matr(j)oschka, traditionalle russische Puppe - matryoshka
Molotowskokteul - Molotov cocktail; Molotov cocktail (the original name Molotov cocktail originated in Finland during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1940)
Panje, (der, -s, -s), russischer Bauer, (scherzhaft, abwertend) - Russian peasant (ironically)
Panjewagen, (der, -s, -), kleine einfache russische Pferdwagen, (scherzhaft, abwertend) - primitive Russian cart (ironically)
Papirossa, (die, -, -rosay), russische Zigarette mit langem, hohlem Mundstueck - cigarette, Russian cigarette with a long, hollow mouthpiece
Perm, (das, -s, nur Ez.), juengste Formation des Paleozoikums (Geologie und Paleontologie) - Perm, early Paleozoic period (in geology and paleontology), from the name of the Russian city of Perm
Perestrojka, (ohne Artikel), (der, -s, nur Ez.), Gorbatschtwsreformen, Umgeschtaltung in SU - perestroika, Gorbachev’s reforms in the USSR
Petschaft, (das, -s, -e), zum Siegeln verwendeter Stempel oder Ring mit eingrawiertem Namenszug, Wappen oder ;nlichen, (tschech.-rus.) - used to make an impression in a soft material (in wax) seal, stamp or ring engraved with name, coat of arms, etc.
Pirogge, (die, -, -n), mit Fleisch oder Fisch, Reis oder Kraut gefuelte russische Hefepastete - Russian pies with meat, fish, rice or herb filling
Pogrom, (das, -es, -e), gewaltige Ausschreitungen gegen rassische, religiose, nationale Gruppen, z. B. gegen Juden - pogrom, violent outrages that are directed against racial, religious or national groups of the population, for example against Jews.
Podsol, (der, -s, nur Ez.), mineralsalzarmer, wenig fruchtbarer Boden, Bleicherde - podzolic soil, poor in mineral salts and infertile soil
Politbuero, (das, -s, -s), kurz fuer Politisches Buero, zentraler leitender Ausschuss einer kommunistischen Partei - politburo, political bureau, central leadership of the communist party
Pope, (der, -en, -en), Geistlicher der russischen und griechisch-orthodoxen Kirche - priest, priest of the Russian or Greek Orthodox Church, priest
Rubel (der, -s, -), russische und ehemalige sowjetische Waehrungseinheit - Russian and former Soviet currency
Samisdat, (der, -s, nur Ez.), selbstgeschribene oder selbstgedrueckte illegale Buecher
Samojede, (der, -en, -en), 1.Angehoeriger eines nordsibirischen Nomadenvolks; 2. eine Schlittenhundrasse - 1. Samoyed, a person belonging to one of the Siberian nomadic tribes; 2. sled dog breed
Samowar, (der, -s, -e), russische Teemaschine - Russian samovar
Sarafan, (der, -s, -e), ausgeschnitenes russische Frauenkleid, das ueber eine Bluse getragen wyrde (pers.-russ.) - Russian women's clothing (the word came into the Russian language from the Persian language)
Stalinismus, (der, -s, nur Ez.), 1. totalitaere Dictatur J.Stalins (1879-1953), die 1936-1939 mit der Ermordung von Millionen Menschen gipfelte; 2. Versuch den Socialismus mit Gewaltakten umzusetzen (rus.-nlat.) - Stalinism, 1. the total dictatorship of J.V. Stalin, repression and extermination of millions of people, the peak of repression and executions occurred in 1936-1939; 2. attempt to introduce socialism through violence
Stalinorgel, (die, -, -n), sovietischer rohrlose Raketenwerfer („Katjuscha“) - “Katyusha”, the name of the Soviet barrelless rocket artillery, which appeared during the war of 1941-1845.
Steppe, (der, -s, -s), weite Grassebene - steppe, wide grassy plain
Sputnik, (der, -s, -s), kuenstlicher Satelit im Weltraum, - satellite, artificial cosmic body revolving around a natural cosmic body
Taiga, (die, -, nur Ez.), Nadelwald-Sumpfguertel (in Sibirien), (tuerk.-russ.) - taiga, natural zone of coniferous forests, coniferous forest (in Siberia), often swampy
TASS (die, nur Ez.), ehem. staatliche Sovetische Pressagentur (russ., Kurzwort) - TASS, Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union
Tatar, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines t;rkischen Volks in der Sovjetunion (t;rk.-russ.) - Tatar
Troika, (die, -, -s), russische Gespannform, Dreigespann; Dreierbuendnis - a troika, a team of three horses, a team of three persons, a panel of judges who convicted according to the simplified procedure of the so-called. enemies of the people (in the former USSR)
Trotzkismus, (der, -, nur Ez.), ultralinke Kommunistische Stroemung - Trotskyism, ultra-left communist political trend
Trozkist, (der, -en, -en), anh;nger des Trotzkismus - Trotskyist, supporter of Trotskyism
Tscheka, (die, -, nur Ez.), politische Politei der Sowjetunion (bis 1922) - Cheka, Cheka, political police at the beginning of Soviet power (before 1922)
Tscherwonez, (der, -, plural Tscherwonzen), altrussische Goldm;nze, 10-Rubelstuck (frueher) - chervonets, gold ten-ruble pre-revolutionary Russian coin
Tundra, (die, -, Tundren), Kaeltesteppe (finn.-russ.) - tundra
Ukas, der, Ukasses, plural Ukasse, Zarenerlass, Anordnung (scherzhaft) - decree, command of the king or higher authority
Werst, (die, -, -), altes russisches Laengenmass(etwas mehr als Kilometer) - old Russian measure of area, slightly more than one kilometer
Wodka, (der, -s, -s), russischer oder polnischer Getreideschnaps oder Kartoffelschnaps (manchmal mit Zusaetzen, z.B. Bueffelgrasswodka) - vodka, Russian (Wodka) or Polish (Vodka) strong alcoholic drink made from grain or potatoes, sometimes infused with herbs (for example bison)
Zar, (der, -en, -en), Herschertitel (frueher, in Russland, Bulgarien, Serbien, Momtenegro) (lat.-got.-russ.) - king
Zarewitsch, (der, -es, -e), russischer Zarenson, Prinz - prince, son of the Russian Tsar
Zarewna, (die, -, -s), Zarentochter - princess, daughter of the king
zaristisch, (Adj.), zur Zarenherschaft geh;rig, zarentreu, monarchistisch - tsarist, related to tsarism, loyal to the tsar
Zariza, (die, -, -s oder Zarizen), Zarengemahlin oder regirende Herscherin - queen, king's wife or reigning monarch
Kiselev O.M. 2007
In any language there are consonant words that may differ only in one letter or sound! Sort of like twins... But not like this one: there are real twins, but with different meanings.
Today we’ll talk about slightly different words: they may have just one different letter, or a different order of letters in the word - and therefore a completely different meaning.
For a native speaker this is not a problem at all, but if the language is foreign to you, then a mistake can easily be made by distorting the meaning!!!
Such words also occur in Russian. For example: betray and give. Everything is clear to us! And foreigners can make mistakes. And okay, if only in writing, but often in understanding.
What words most often create confusion? Here they are:
Words in German that can be confused
"Klingen" And “klingeln”– in the second verb there is the letter “l”, which radically changes everything!!! These are words that are similar in meaning, but still not identical:
"Verschwinden" And "verschwenden"- differ only in one letter, and the meaning will be completely different! “Verschwinden” - disappear, vanish. But “verschwenden” = to waste, waste (time, money, nerves, etc.). Although a parallel can be drawn between these two words, they are still not identical.
“Schwitzen” And “schwätzen” The second of the verbs is not so popular; it is used in colloquial speech, most often in dialects. But still: “Schwitzen” = to sweat, and “schwätzen” = to chat! This is how you have to chat to manage to sweat!!!
"Meer" And "mehr" There are two differences in spelling, but to a foreign ear these two words sound very similar. But the meanings are completely different: “Meer” - sea and “mehr” - more, more
Words "bieten" And "bitten" often invite mistakes, although they are almost opposite in meaning: the first is to offer, and the second is to ask.
And often beginners, and even advanced students, forget exactly how the letters are located in a particular word. And then unpleasant mistakes can happen.
“Fruchtbar” And “furchtbar”– alternation of consonants, which creates consonance and leads to confusion! “Fruchtbar” = fertile, “furchtbar” = terrible! Don't get confused!!! Otherwise you will talk about your homeland with fertile lands, but say that they are not fertile, but simply terrible.
“Bürste” And “Brüste” Brush or breast? Breast or brush? What beautiful brushes the girl has! What kind of breast should I buy for the toilet? Ugh. I got everything mixed up again.
Sometimes you can trip over an umlaut. It seems like two identical words: but one of them does not contain an ordinary letter, but with dots above the head, that is, with an umlaut. And this is where real trouble can happen. There are two words that differ by one letter: "Schwul" And "schwül"“Schwül” means “stuffy, sultry.” But “schwul” (der Schwule) is not about weather conditions at all! This is an informal word meaning “homosexual” (homosexual). So be careful with umlauts 😛
Schon – already and schön – beautiful
große – big and Größe – size
Read the words carefully so as not to get into trouble.
Discreet and pedantic Germany, a country that millions of people from all over the world dream of visiting, at least for a week. There is everything for a great time here. Ski resorts, nightclubs, great restaurants, pubs and luxury hotels. Also in Germany there is a huge number of medieval buildings and other architectural monuments.
But knowing the German language, you will enjoy a tour of this country even more, or you can simply download a Russian-German phrasebook if you cannot master this language.
Our phrasebook can be printed directly from the site or downloaded to your device, and all this is completely free. The phrasebook is divided into the following topics.
Appeals
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Hello (Good afternoon) | Guten Tag | Guten so |
| Good morning | Guten Morgen | Guten Morgen |
| Good evening | Guten Abend | Guten abent |
| Hello | Hallo | Hallo |
| Hello (in Austria and Southern Germany) | Gruss Gott | Gruess goth |
| Goodbye | Auf Wiedersehen | Auf Widerzeen |
| Good night | Gute Nacht | Gute nakht |
| See you later | Bis bald | Bis balt |
| Good luck | Viel Gluck/Viel Erfolg | Fil gluck / Fil erfolk |
| All the best | Alles Gute | Alles Gute |
| Bye | Tschuss | Chus |
Common phrases
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Show me… | Zeigen Sie mir bitte… | Tsaigen zi world bitte... |
| Give me this please... | Geben Sie mir bitte das | Geben zi mir bitte das |
| Give me please… | Geben Sie mir bitte… | Geben zi world bitte... |
| We would like… | Wir moechten… | Vir myhten... |
| I would like to… | Ich moechte… | Ih myhte... |
| Help me please! | Helfen Sie mir bitte | Helfeng zi world bitte |
| Could you tell me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte sagen? | Kyonnen zi world bitte zogen? |
| Could you help me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte helfen? | Kyonnen zi world bitte helfen |
| Could you show me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte zeigen? | Kyonnen zi world bitte tsaigen? |
| Could you give us...? | Koennen Sie uns bitte...geben? | Können zi uns bitte...geben? |
| Could you give me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte…geben? | Kyonnen zi world bitte...geben? |
| Please write this | Schreiben Sie es bitte | Shreiben zi es bitte |
| Repeat please | Sagen Sie es noch einmal bitte | Zagen zi es nokh ainmal bitte |
| What did you say? | Wie bitte? | Vi bitte? |
| Can you speak slowly? | Koennen Sie bitte etwas langsamer sprechen? | Könneen zi bitte etvas langzame sprächen? |
| I don't understand | Ich verstehe nicht | Ikh fershtee nikht |
| Does anyone here speak English? | Spricht jemand hier englisch? | Shprikht yemand hir english? |
| I understand | Ich verstehe | Ih fershtee |
| Do you speak Russian? | Sprechen Sie Russisch? | Sprechen si russisch? |
| Do you speak English? | Sprechen Sie Englisch? | Sprechen si English? |
| How are you doing? | Wie geht es Ihnen? | Vi gate es inen? |
| All right, and you? | Danke, gut Und Ihnen? | Danke, gut Und inen? |
| This is Mrs. Schmidt | Das ist Frau Schmidt | Das ist Frau Schmit |
| This is Mr. Schmidt | Das ist Herr Schmidt | Das ist Herr Shmit |
| My name is… | Ich heise... | Eh haise... |
| I came from Russia | Ich komme aus Russland | Ikh komme aus ruslant |
| Where is? | Who is...? | In the ist...? |
| Where are they located? | Wo sin...? | In zint...? |
| I don't understand | Ich verstehe nicht | Ikh fershtee nikht |
| Unfortunately I don't speak German | Leider, spreche ich deutsch nicht | Leide sprehe ich deutsch nikht |
| Do you speak English? | Sprechen Sie Englisch? | Sprechen si English? |
| Do you speak Russian? | Sprechen Sie Russisch? | Sprechen si russisch? |
| Sorry | Entschuldigen Sie | Entshuldigen zi |
| Sorry (to get attention) | Entschuldigung | Entschuldigung |
| Thank you very much | Danke schon/Vielen Dank | Danke shön / Filen dank |
| No | Nein | Nine |
| Please | Bitte | Bitte |
| Thank you | Danke | Danke |
| Yes | Ja | I |
At customs
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Where is customs control? | wo ist die zollkontrolle? | in: ist di: tsolcontrolle? |
| do I need to fill out a declaration? | soll ich die zolleklärung ausfüllen? | sol ikh di: tsolerkle: runk ausfüllen? |
| have you filled out the declaration? | haben sie die zollerklärung ausgefüllt? | ha:ben zi di zollerkle:rung ausgefült? |
| Do you have forms in Russian? | haben sie formulare in der russischen sprache? | ha: ben zi formula: re in der rusishen shpra: he? |
| Here is my declaration | hier ist meine zollerklärung | hi:r ist meine zohlekrle:runk |
| where is your luggage: | wo ist ihr gepäck? | vo:ist i:r gapek? |
| This is my baggage | hier ist mein gepäck | hi:r ist main gapek |
| passport control | passcontrol | |
| show your passport | weisen sie ihren pass vor | Weizen zi i:ren pas for! |
| Here's my passport | hier ist mein reisepass | hi:r ist main risepas |
| I arrived on flight number... from Moscow | ich bin mit dem flug nummer … aus Moskau gekom-men | ihy bin mit dam flu:k nummer ... aus moskau geko-men |
| I am a citizen of Russia | ich bin burger russlands | ihy bin burgher ruslands |
| we arrived from Russia | wir kommen aus russland | Vir Komen Aus Ruslant |
| have you filled out the entry form? | haben sie das einreiseformular ausgefüllt? | ha:ben zi das einreiseformula:r ausgefült? |
| I need a form in Russian | ich brauche ein formular in der russischen sprache | ikh brau he ain formula: r in der rusishen shpra: he |
| the visa was issued at the consular department in Moscow | das visum wurde im konsulat in moskau ausgestellt | das vi:zoom wurde im konzulat in moskau ausgestelt |
| I came… | ich bin...gekom-men | ih bin... gekomen |
| for contract work | zur vertragserbeit | zur fertra:xarbyte |
| we came at the invitation of friends | wir sind auf einladung der freunde gekommen | vir zint aif einladunk der freunde gekomen |
| I have nothing to declare in the declaration | ich habe nichts zu verzollen | ih ha:be nihite tsu: fairzolen |
| I have an import license | hier ist meine einführungsgenehmigung | hi:r ist myne ainfü:rungsgene:migunk |
| come on in | passieren sie | pass:ren zi |
| go along the green (red) corridor | gehen sid durch den grünen(roten) korridor | ge:en zi dorkh dan grue:nen (ro:ten) corido:r |
| open the suitcase! | machen sie den koffer auf! | mahen zi den kofer auf! |
| these are my personal things | ich habe nur dinge des persönkichen bedarfs | ih ha:be nu:r dinge des prezyonlichen bedarfs |
| these are souvenirs | das sind souvenirs | das zint zuveni:rs |
| Do I need to pay duty on these items? | sind diese sachen zollpflichtig? | zint di:ze zahen zolpflichtih? |
At the station
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| From which station do you go to...? | von welchem bahnhof fährt man nach...? | von welhem ba:nho:f fe:rt man nah? |
| where can I buy a train ticket? | Wo kann man die fahrkarte kaufen? | vo: kan man di fa: rkarte kaufen? |
| I need to get to Bremen as quickly as possible | ich muß möglichst schell nach Bremen gelangen | ihy mus moglikhst schnel nah bre:men gelyangen |
| Do you have a timetable? | wo kann ich den fahrplan sehen? | vo:kan ihy den fa:rplya:n ze:en? |
| From which station does the train depart? | von welchem bahnhof fährt zug ab | von welhem ba:nho:f fe:rt der tsu:k ap? |
| how much does the ticket cost? | was kostet die fahrkarte? | you costet di fa:rkarte? |
| do you have tickets for today (tomorrow)? | haben sie die fahrkarten für heute(für morgen)? | ha:ben zi di fa:rkarten für hoyte (für morgan)? |
| I need a ticket to Berlin and back | einmal (zweimal) Berlin und zurück, bitte | ainma:l (tsvaima:l) berley:n unt tsuryuk, bite |
| I prefer a train that arrives in the morning at... | ich brauche den zug, der am morgen nach…kommt | ich brauche den tsu:k der am morgan nah... comt |
| When is the next train? | wahn kommt der nächste zug? | van comte der ne:x-ste tsu:k? |
| I missed the train | ich habe den zug verpasst | ihy ha:be den tsu:k fairpast |
| From which platform does the train depart? | von welchem bahnsteig fährt der zug ab? | von welhem ba:nshtaik fe:rt der tsu:k ap? |
| how many minutes before departure? | Wieviel minuten bleiben bis zur abfahrt? | vi:fi:l minu:ten bleiben bis zur apfa:rt? |
| Is there a representative office of Russian airlines here? | gibt es hier das buro der russischen fluglinien? | gi:pt es hi:r das bureau: deru rusishen flu:kli:nen |
| where is the information desk? | wo ist das Auskunftsbüro? | in: ist das auskunftsbüro? |
| where does the express bus stop? | wo hält der Zubringerbus? | in: helt der tsubringerbus? |
| where is the taxi stand? | wo ist der Taxi-stand? | vo:ist dar taxistant? |
| Is there a currency exchange office here? | wo befindet sich die Wechselstelle? | in: befindet zikh di vexelstalle? |
| I want to buy a ticket for flight number... | ich möchte einen Flug, Routenummer… buchen | ikh myohte ainen flu:k, ru:tenumer...bu:hen |
| where is check-in for the flight...? | wo ist die Abfer-tigung für den Flug...? | in: ist di apfaertigunk fur den flu:k....? |
| where is the storage room? | wo ist die Gepäckaufbewahrung? | vo: ist di gäpekaufbevarung? |
| no mine... | es fehlt… | es fe:lt…. |
| suitcase | mein koffer | main coffee |
| bags | meine tasche | maine ta:she |
| Who can I contact? | an wen kann ich mich wenden? | an wein kan ikh mikh vanden? |
| where is the toilet? | wo ist die toilette? | in: ist di toilette? |
| where is the baggage claim area? | wo ist gepäckaus-gabe? | vo:ist gapek-ausga:be? |
| On which conveyor can I receive luggage from flight number...? | auf welchem Förderband kann man das Gepäck vom Flug … bekommen? | auf welhem förderbant kan man das gepek vom flu:k ... backomen? |
| I forgot my case (coat, raincoat) on the plane. What should I do? | ich habe meinen aktenkoffer (meinen Mantel, meinen regenmantel) im flugzeug liegenlasen. was soll ich tun? | ih ha:be mainen aktenkofer (mainen mantel, mainen re:genshirm) im fluktsoik ligenlya:sen. you zol ikh tun? |
| I lost my luggage tag. Can I get my luggage without a tag? | ich habe cabin (den Gepäckanhänger) verloren. Kann ich mein Gepäck ohne cabin bekommen? | ih ha:be kabin (den gap'ekanhenger ferle:ren. kan ih main gap'ek |
At the hotel
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| where is the hotel…? | wo befindet sich das Hotel…? | in: befindet zikh das hotel...? |
| I need a not very expensive hotel with good service | ich brauche ein hicht teueres Hotel | their brauhe…. |
| do you have rooms available? | haben sie freie zimmer? | ha:ben zi: fraye cimer? |
| a room has been reserved for me | für mich ist ein Zimmer reserviert | für mich ist ein cimer reserve:rt |
| the room is reserved in the name... | das Zimmer auf den Namen …reserviert | das tsimer ist auf den na:men ... reserve:rt |
| I need a single room | ich brauche ein Einzelzimmer(ein Einbettzimmer) | ich brauche ein einzelzimer (ein einbätzimer) |
| I would prefer a room with a kitchen | ich möchte ein Zimmer mit Küche haben | ihy möhte ain tsimer mit kühe ha:ben |
| I came here for... | ich bin hierger...gekommen | ihy bin hirhe:r ... gekomen |
| month | für einen monat | fur einen mo:nat |
| year | für ein jahr | fur ein ya:r |
| a week | für eine woche | für eine vohe |
| is there a shower in the room? | gibt es im zimmer eine Dusche? | Gipt es im tsimer aine du:she? |
| I need a room with a bathroom (air conditioning) | ich brauche ein zimmer mit Bad (mit einer klimaanlage) | ikh brauhe ain tsimer mit ba:t (mit ainer klimaanla:ge) |
| how much does this room cost? | was kostet dieses zimmer? | you costet di:zes tsimer? |
| it is very expensive | das ist sehr teuer | das ist ze:r toyer |
| I need a room for a day (for three days, for a week) | ich brauche ein zimmer für eine Nacht (für drei tage, für eine woche) | ikh brauhe ein tzimer für eine nacht (für dray tage, für eine vohe) |
| how much does a double room cost per night? | was kostet ein zweibettzimmer pro nacht? | you kosset ein zweibetsimer pro nakht? |
| does the room rate include breakfast and dinner? | sind das Frühsrtrück und das abendessen im preis inbegridden? | zint das fru:stück unt das abenthesen im price inbegrifen? |
| breakfast is included in the room price | das Frühstück ist im preis inbergriffen | das fru:stück ist im price inbergrifen |
| We have a buffet in our hotel | in userem hotel ist Schwedisches Büffet | in unzerem hotel ist shwe:dishes buffet |
| when do you need to pay for the room? | wann soll ish das zimmer bezahlen? | van sol ikh das tsimer betsa:len? |
| payment can be made in advance | man kann im voraus zahlen | man kan im foraus tsa:len |
| this number suits me (does not suit me) | dieses zimmer passt mir(nicht) | di:zes tsimer past the world(niht) |
| here is the room key | das ist der schlüssel | das ist der shlyusel |
Walk around the city
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Gas station | Tankstelle | Tank-stelle |
| Bus stop | Bushaltestelle | Bus-halte-shtelle |
| Metro station | U-Bahnstation | U-ban-station |
| Where is the nearest... | Wo ist hier die naechste… | Vo ist hir di nextte... |
| Where is the nearest police station here? | Wo ist hier das naechste Polizeirevier? | Vo ist hir das nextte policeman-revere? |
| bank | eine Bank | aine bank |
| das Postamt | das postamt | |
| supermarket | Die Kaufhalle | di kauf halle |
| pharmacy | die Apotheke | di apotheke |
| pay phone | eine Telefonzelle | aine phone - celle |
| tourist office | das Verkehrsamt | das ferkersamt |
| my hotel | mein Hotel | main hotel |
| I'm looking for… | Ich suche... | Eh zuhe... |
| Where is the taxi stand? | wo ist der taxi-stand? | vo:ist dar taxistant? |
In transport
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Could you wait for me? | Koennen Sie mir bitte warten? | Können zi mir bitte warten? |
| How much do I owe you? | Was soll ich zahlen? | Are you angry or not? |
| Stop here, please | Halten Sie bitte hier | Halten zi bitte hir |
| I need to go back | Ich mus zurueck | Ih mus tsuryuk |
| Right | Nach rechts | Nah rehits |
| Left | Nach links | Nah links |
| Take me to the city center | Fahren Sie mich zum Stadtzentrum | Faren zi mikh tsum state-centrum |
| Take me to a cheap hotel | Fahren Sie mich zu einem billigen Hotel | Faren zi mikh zu ainem billigan hotel |
| Take me to a good hotel | Fahren Sie mich zu einem guten Hotel | Faren zi mikh zu ainem guten hotel |
| Take me to the hotel | Fahren Sie mich zum Hotel | Faren zi mikh tsum hotel... |
| Take me to the train station | Fahren Sie mich zum Bahnhof | Faren si mich zum banhof |
| Take me to the airport | Fahren Sie mich zum Flughafen | Faren zi mikh tsum fluk-hafen |
| Take me | Fahren Sie mich… | Faren zi mikh... |
| At this address please! | Diese Addresse bitte! | Diese addresse bitte |
| How much does it cost to get to...? | Was kostet die Fahrt… | Vas costet di fart...? |
| Call a taxi please | Rufen Sie bitte ein Taxi | Rufeng zi bitte ain taxi |
| Where can I get a taxi? | Wo kann ich ein Taxi nehmen? | Wo kan ihy ain taxi nemen? |
In public places
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Street | Strasse | Strasse |
| Square | Platz | Parade ground |
| Town Hall | Rathaus | Rataus |
| Market | Markt | Markt |
| Central railway station | Hauptbahnhof | Hauptbahnhof |
| Old city | Altstadt | Altstadt |
| Push | Stosen/Drucken | Stosen/Drukken |
| To yourself | Ziehen | Qian |
| Private property | Privateigentum | Priphataigentum |
| Do not touch | Never mind | Nichtberuren |
| Free/Busy | Frei/Besetzt | Fry/bezetzt |
| For free | Frei | Fry |
| VAT refund (tax free) | Refund tax-free | Refund tax-free |
| Currency exchange | Geldwechsel | Geldveksel |
| Information | Auskunft/Information | Auskunft/information |
| For men/for women | Herren/Damen | Gerren/Damen |
| Toilet | Toiletten | Toiletten |
| Police | Polizei | Policeman |
| Prohibited | Verboten | Verbothen |
| Open / Closed | Offen/Geschlossen | Offen/geschlossen |
| No free places | Voll/Besetzt | Voll/bezetzt |
| Rooms available | Zimmer frei | Zimmerfrei |
| Exit | Ausgang | Ausgang |
| Entrance | Eingang | Aingang |
Emergencies
Numerals
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | null | zero |
| 1 | ains (ain) | ains (ain) |
| 2 | tswei (tsvo) | tswei (tsvo) |
| 3 | drei | drive |
| 4 | vier | fir |
| 5 | fuenf | fünf |
| 6 | sechs | zex |
| 7 | sieben | ziben |
| 8 | acht | aht |
| 9 | neun | noin |
| 10 | zehn | price |
| 11 | elf | elf |
| 12 | zwoelf | zwölf |
| 13 | dreizehn | draizen |
| 14 | vierzehn | firzen |
| 15 | fuenfzehn | fyunftsen |
| 16 | sechzehn | zekhtseng |
| 17 | siebzehn | ziptsen |
| 18 | achtzehn | ahtzen |
| 19 | neunzehn | neunzen |
| 20 | zwanzig | tsvantsikh |
| 21 | einundzwanzig | ain-unt-tsvantsikh |
| 22 | zweiundzwanzig | tsvay-unt-tsvantsikh |
| 30 | dreissig | draisikh |
| 40 | vierzig | firtsikh |
| 50 | fuenfzig | funftsikh |
| 60 | sechzig | zekhtsikh |
| 70 | siebzig | ziptsikh |
| 80 | achtzig | awesome |
| 90 | neunzig | noincikh |
| 100 | hundert | hundert |
| 101 | hunderteins | hundert-ines |
| 110 | hundertzehn | hundert-tsen |
| 200 | zweihundert | zwei-hundert |
| 258 | zweihundertachtundfunfzig | zwei-hundert-acht-unt-fünftzich |
| 300 | dreihundert | dry-hundert |
| 400 | vierhundert | fir-hundert |
| 500 | funhundert | Fünf-Hundert |
| 600 | sechshundert | zex-hundert |
| 800 | achthundert | aht-hundert |
| 900 | neunhundert | noin-hundert |
| 1000 | tausend | Thousand |
| 1,000,000 | eine million | aine million |
| 10,000,000 | zehn millionen | Tsen Milyonen |
In the shop
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| The change is incorrect | Der Rest stimmt nicht ganz | Dar rest stimmt niht ganz |
| Do you have something similar, only bigger (smaller)? | Haben Sie etwas Anliches, aber ein wenig grosser (kleiner)? | Haben zi etvas enliches abe ein wenig grösser (kleiner)? |
| It suits me | Das past world | Das paste mir |
| It's too big for me | Das ist mir zu gross | Das ist mir zu gros |
| This is not enough for me | Das ist mir zu eng | Das ist mir tsu eng |
| I need a size | Ich brauche Grosse… | Ih brauche grösse... |
| My size is 44 | Meine Grose ist 44 | Maine Grösse ist fier und Vierzich |
| Where is the fitting room located? | Wo ist die Anprobekabine? | Vo ist di anprobe-cabinet? |
| Can I try this on? | Kann ich es anprobieren? | Kan ihy es anprobiren? |
| Sale | Ausverkauf | Ausferkauf |
| Too expensive | Es ist zu teuer | Es ist zu toyer |
| Please write the price | Schreiben Sie bitte den Preis | Schreiben ze bitte dan price |
| I'll take it | Ich nehme es | Ih neme es |
| How much does it cost? | Was it es (das)? | You costet es (das)? |
| Give it to me please | Geben Sie mir bitte das | Geben zi mir bitte das |
| I would like to… | Ich suche... | Eh zuhe... |
| Please show me this | Zeigen Sie mir bitte das | Tsaygen zi world bitte das |
| I'm just looking | Ich schaue nur | Ikh shaue nur |
Tourism
Greetings - the Germans are very friendly and welcoming people, and therefore you also need to know how to greet the inhabitants of Germany. Here are the words needed for this.
Standard phrases are common words that you can use during any conversation to keep it going.
Station - if you are confused by the signs and signs at the station, or don’t know where the toilet is, a buffet, or you need a platform, just find the question you need in this topic and ask a passerby how to get to this or that place.
Orientation in the city - in order not to get lost in the big cities of Germany, use this topic to find out from passers-by whether you are going in the right direction, etc.
Transport – if you don’t know how much the fare costs or want to find out which bus to get to your hotel or some attraction, find the questions you are interested in in this topic and ask them to passing Germans.
Hotel – a large list of useful questions and phrases that are often used during a hotel stay.
Public places - in order to clarify where the object or public place you are interested in is located, just find a suitable question in this topic and ask it to any passerby. Rest assured that you will be understood.
Emergency situations - it is unlikely that anything can happen to you in calm and measured Germany, but such a topic will never be superfluous. Here is a list of questions and words that will help you call an ambulance, the police, or simply inform others that you are feeling unwell.
Shopping – want to buy something you are interested in, but don’t know what its name sounds like in German? This list contains translations of phrases and questions that will help you make absolutely any purchase.
Numbers and figures - every tourist should know their pronunciation and translation.
Tourism – tourists often have all sorts of questions, but not everyone knows how to ask them in German. This section will help you with this. Here are the most necessary phrases and questions for tourists.
There is an opinion that learning German is more difficult than other European languages. And if you refer to research, then at an intermediate level of proficiency (Intermediate) German is 2.5 times more difficult than English, and at the Advanced level 1.5 times. In our article we will reflect on how true this is. We will compare two languages: English and German, drawing parallels between grammar and vocabulary.
Languages are not strangers to one another.
The languages are not alien to each other.
~Walter Benjamin
In this way, we will either refute this stereotype or confirm it even more. You, our dear reader, will draw the conclusion. While you are thinking about which language will be easier or more difficult for you to learn, let’s look at how German and English are similar and different.
English and German alphabet.
Both languages are based on Latin. There are 27 letters in German, including ß (esset) + umlauts Ää, Öö and Üü. In English - 26. However, the phonetics of the German language is much simpler than English, and even somewhat resembles Russian pronunciation.
If you want to learn how to quickly master reading in English, you should read the article
English and German alphabet
Noun and articles
Noun in German
All nouns in German are written with a capital letter. (der Vater(father), der Lehrer(teacher), der Kaufman(salesman), die Lamp(lamp), die Backerei(bakery)), in English - only proper names ( Peter, Chris, Sarah).
In addition, German has 3 genders (masculine, feminine and neuter). It is imperative to learn what gender a particular noun belongs to in order to know which article to use. There are also 3 of them in English, but they do not have the same influence on nouns as in German.
English and German articles
This is always not an easy topic for us Russian speakers, since our grammar does not have such a phenomenon. If there are 3 articles in English - a, an(undefined) and the(defined), and you have to remember specific rules, then in German there are 5 of them: 3 defined ( der/die/das) and 2 undefined ( ein/eine).
You will also need to learn the rules and remember how they are conjugated by case. Despite the fact that the Russian language also has declensions, Declension of German articles can cause some difficulties.
Declension of the definite article in English and German.
Cases in English and German
As it became clear from the previous paragraph There are four cases in German: Nominative(Nominative), Genitiv(Genitive), Dativ(Dative), Akkusativ(Accusative). For comparison: in Russian there are six of them (4 are the same as in German + instrumental and prepositional).
English lost them during the formation of Middle English (late 11th - late 15th centuries). Thanks for this! The function of cases in English is taken over by prepositions.
| Russian case | Matching in English | Examples | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genitive | conveyed using the preposition of: | The beginning of the autumn was warm | The beginning of (what?) autumn was warm. |
| Dative | corresponds to the preposition to | I am going to Chris. | I'm going to (who?) Chris |
| Instrumental case | corresponds to the preposition with, when referring to a tool or object with which an action is performed: | My sister can write with both her hands. | My sister can write (with what?) with both hands. |
| Instrumental case | if an actor or force is meant, then the preposition by is used: | This machine can be operated only by a professional. | This device should only be operated by (who?) a professional. |
Verbs and tenses in English and German
Order of words in a sentence
English has a strict word order: Subject-Verb-Object(subject-predicate-object), which you can learn about from the article. In German this is not necessary because there are cases. Decide for yourself what is easier: constantly use strict word order or remember how words are declined by case.
The German listener knows that it was the hay that was thrown over the fence, and not the horse, because the case was used. The problem is that very often the word order in a Russian sentence cannot be directly translated when translated into English.
English and German verbs
In fact Verbs in English and German have a lot in common. In English there are right and wrong, in German there are strong and weak. They are also conjugated by subject and tense. Regarding the verb to be, then it will be declined differently in both English and German, see the table below for comparison.
Conjugation of the verb "to be" in English and German.
Times of English and German
Tenses in German are mainly expressed using six tense forms: present ( Präsens), past ( Präteritum, Perfect and Plusquamperfekt) and future ( Futurum I, II. Präsens and Präteritum). As you know, there are three tenses in the Russian language - past, present and future.
As a result, 16 tense forms can be obtained in English.
Table of tenses in English.
Table of times in German.
Words in German and English
Since English and German have common roots, they have many similar words. But don’t flatter yourself too much. There are also a lot of “scary” words in the German language, which are not only difficult to remember, but also difficult to read.
However, having learned certain reading rules (if you remember that they are much simpler and more logical than in English), you will easily learn to read them and remember them over time. See below for a comparison of similar words and diametrically opposed ones.
Comparison of words in Russian, English and German.
If you are going to learn English, you may come across the concept of homophones. Homophones are words that sound alike but are spelled differently and have different meanings. There are a huge number of them in English! For example, coarse-course; cue-queue; cymbal-symbol; site-site-sight; plane-plain; tacked-tact; reed-read and much, much more.
So how different are these two languages?
We looked at this issue from different angles. As you can see, there are both similar features and diametrically opposed ones. How difficult is it to study them? The answer to this question depends on various factors such as your plan of action, grammar and vocabulary, as well as your motivation and interest.
It all depends on one thing: only you have the right to decide and understand what is difficult for you and what is simple. With the right motivation and study plan, you can learn any language in no time.
Thus, when fearlessly starting to conquer German or English (or maybe two at once), be guided by these conclusions:
- German and English are not the most terrible and not the most difficult languages (for any foreigner, Russian is much more terrible).
- When starting to learn any language, you need to be prepared for certain difficulties. These difficulties will be associated with grammar, and with pronunciation, and with spelling, and with the semantic structure of the language, and with the customs of native speakers of this language.
- If you really want to learn a language, you need to strive to understand the customs and habits of native speakers of that language.
In contact with
Or ) and discovered that in a language pair there are many words that at first glance seem similar.
Based on this, many hastily come to the conclusion that these words are identical not only in spelling or pronunciation, but also in meaning, and therefore fall into a “linguistic hook”: remember, if the words sound the same or similar, you should not think that they are the translation is also the same.
- Lok/lock
Lok translated from German means “locomotive, steam locomotive”.
Now let's look at the word consonant with it lock in English. As a noun it means “lock”, and as a verb it means “to lock, lock with a key”:
Be careful when translating from English to German and vice versa!
- Floß/floss
Floß translated from German means “raft”. There is a word for "cunning" in English. floss- "dental floss". It sounds indecently similar, but the meaning is radically different.
- Wagon/wagon
German word Wagen translated as "machine".
remember, that Wagen not identical to English wagon, which has several meanings: it is a baby stroller, a trolley, a cart, a trolley, a van, a pickup truck, and as a verb it can be translated as “load into a van” and as “ride in a van.”
- Last/last
German Last- “load, burden, cargo, baggage, oppression” - completely different in meaning from English last(“last”), so be careful when translating.
Also be careful when using a German word Fahrt. In English it has two synonyms - journey And trip, which convey slightly different concepts and are used in different contexts.
There are also German-Russian “false friends” that sound exactly the same.
Want to go to a bar in Germany? Never say bar, always say Theke. Translated from German bar means "naked, naked." Do you want to remain serious in German? Then use ernst and forget English serious. If you still let it out series, then remember that it translates as “venerable, worthy of respect.”
In the whirlpool of such words, it is quite difficult to find at least some kind of pattern or guide to action: for example, English physician corresponds to German Arzt, and German Physiker- this is English physicist.
Here are a few more examples of words that are consonant in English and German, but completely different in meaning:
(English) brave(brave) → (german) brav(honest)
(English) stadium(stadium) → (german) Stadium(stage, period, phase)
(English) petroleum(oil) → (german) Petroleum(paraffin, kerosene)
(English) lemon(lemon) → (germ) Limone(lime)
(English) gift(gift) → (german) Gift(poison, poison)
(English) desert(desert) → (germ) Dessert(dessert)
(English) director(director) → (German) Director(director)
It’s interesting that the translator’s false friends “pop up” at a moment when there is no time to reason. Knowing that a word comes from another language, we expect it to have the same meaning, but in practice it turns out completely differently. You could see this for yourself: some German words in Russian have different meanings. For example, Family turns out to be a family, not a surname, but Frucht- a fruit, not a fruit, however, like Keks turns out to be a cookie, not a cupcake, but Tort- a nuisance, and not a cake at all.
