Alluvial plain. Alluvial plains Alluvial lowlands
Arising from accumulative activity large rivers. Particularly extensive alluvial plains arise when rivers wander in areas of tectonic subsidence. The surface is composed of river sediments (most often sands of various sizes), the thickness of which can reach several hundred meters (Indo-Gangetic Plain, Congo Basin, Hungarian Lowland, and so on).
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– this is a large space, the height of adjacent areas practically does not differ from each other. For example, we can cite the vast West Siberian Plain. The plains themselves differ from each other in structure and formation. Therefore, plains as one of the landforms can also be divided into groups. Most often, plains are divided into groups according to the height of a particular hill. Plains with a height from 0 to 200 m are classified as lowlands, plains from 300 to 500 m are called uplands, and plains above 500 m are classified as plateaus. Also, when determining the type of plain, the genesis of the plain, i.e. origin, plays an important role. Alluvial plains are those plains that are formed by the deposition of river water and sediment. Alluvial plains can also be divided into two groups: fluvial and deltaic. Based on all this, we can conclude that alluvial plains are formed with the help of river activity. Such plains are usually formed from the surface by river sediments, and the thickness can reach hundreds of meters. Examples of alluvial plains are the Hungarian lowland, the valleys of the Po and Ganges rivers.
Let us consider in more detail the formation of alluvial plains. Alluvial plains formed through river activities: erosion, transport and deposition. The slow flow of the river leads to the fact that various natural materials are deposited because at low speeds in the river they are not transported lower. Typically slow flow occurs at the mouth and downstream. The sediments produced by river waters are called alluvial sediments or alluvium. The formation of deltaic plains occurs in the lower reaches of rivers during the process of delta growth. A delta is an area of lowland that was formed from sediments formed during the operation of rivers, and this area may previously have been occupied by a sea or a lake. Typically, deltaic plains consist of loose and fine deposits of sand and silt, but at the mouths rocks deltaic plains can be formed from pebbles, gravel, i.e. large clastic rocks predominate. River channels that cross delta plains are usually very shallow in depth. Also, rivers with delta plains are characterized by a change in channels, which forms undulating surfaces and various river-bed levees. An example of deltaic alluvial plains are the deltas of the following rivers: Kuban, Yellow River, Nile, Amu-Daria, Ganga and Brahmaputra. Delta plains can be very large sizes from 10 to 445 thousand square kilometers. The most common are fluvial alluvial plains. They are everywhere where there are rivers. If river valleys are deep, then usually river plains will be located along the rivers. The plains of the Middle and Lower Tunguska, Hangars. If the river is located in a low area, then very wide plains will form there.
The reason for the formation of wide areas of lowlands may be the slow flow of the river. Deltaic and fluvial alluvial plains have become habitats ancient man, and also served as a place for the formation of ancient human cultures. Alluvial deposits can form very large sea bays when river activity is very long. For example, such plains can include the Lombard and Rion lowlands and the Kuban River delta. In addition to river and delta plains, piedmont alluvial plains are also classified as alluvial. Their origin, which can also be understood by their name, is associated with the mountains. The formation of alluvial piedmont plains is explained by the fact that mountains tend to rise, and piedmont depressions descend, as a result of which thick Quaternary deposits, i.e. alluvium, accumulate. An example of piedmont plains are: Cis-Caucasian piedmont alluvial plain, plains of Altai and Tien Shan. The largest alluvial plain on Earth is the West Siberian Lowland. Looking at it in more detail, you can see that it is not the same in its formation and structure. For example, sediments located in the Kulandinskaya and Barabinskaya steppes are formed at a height of 200 to 300 m. These sediment strata are formed mainly by river activity Altai rivers. The Kulandinskaya and Barabinskaya steppes are areas of foothill depression, since the accumulation of sediment layers caused the subsidence of this area. The middle West Siberian Plain has small deposits of about 20-30 m. Alluvial sediments of the Irtysh and Ob rivers are mainly distributed in this part. IN northern regions West Siberian Plain Moraine deposits are very common and are exposed to the action of rivers.
Alluvial plains plains formed as a result of the accumulative activity of large rivers at the site of extensive subsidence earth's crust. They are composed of river deposits on the surface, the thickness of which reaches several tens and even hundreds of meters (Hungarian lowland, plains along the valleys of the Ganges and Po rivers).
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what “Alluvial plains” are in other dictionaries:
Alluvium (lat. Alluvio sediment, alluvium) sediments formed, transported and deposited by permanent and temporary watercourses in river valleys. Contents 1 Modern rivers with solid bottom drainage 1.1 Longitudinal bars ... Wikipedia
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Timed to coincide with major texts. deflections. Ch. arr. in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, powerful. precipitation reaches 3 5, sometimes 10 km, rarely more (Caspian, West Siberian and other plains). Their structure involves marine, lake, alluvial... Geological encyclopedia
Areas of the land surface, the bottom of oceans and seas, characterized by slight fluctuations in heights. On land, there are plains below sea level, lowland (up to 200 m), elevated (from 200 to 500 m) and mountainous (above 500 m). By… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Plains formed as a result of long-term accumulation (accumulation) of layers of loose sedimentary rocks of various origins: marine (plains of marine accumulation, or primary), river (alluvial plains), lacustrine (lacustrine plains) ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Colluvial and alluvial depressions- relatively small drainage plains of takyrs, soras, fuljias, wadis, blowing basins. Their water regime is determined by the nature of the soil and surrounding relief, and the developing coenoecosystems are of a subclimax nature. Ecological dictionary … Ecological dictionary
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ALLUVIAL PLAINS
plains, plains formed as a result of the accumulative activity of large rivers at the site of extensive subsidence of the earth's crust. They are composed of river deposits on the surface, the thickness of which reaches several tens and even hundreds of meters (Hungarian lowland, plains along the valleys of the Ganges and Po rivers).
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012
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