Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov is a sun worshiper from Kuzbass. Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov - sun worshiper from Kuzbass The most necessary person in agriculture
Thanks to the accurate and successful heliometeorological method of determining the weather on the planet in Soviet times, A.V. Dyakov’s scientific research was known all over the world, his reports were requested by institutions in France, Cuba, Japan and other countries.
Anatoly Vitalievich was born on November 7, 1911 in Ukraine, near the village of Onufrievka, Kirovograd region, into a family of folk teachers. Until 1924, he studied at a seven-year school in the village of Adzhamka near the city of Kirovograd. After graduating from school, Anatoly’s family moved to Kirovograd. There he entered a vocational school, where he studied until 1926. Living conditions in those years were very harsh, cruel, full of deprivation (from the autobiographical essay by A.V. Dyakov “How I became an astronomer and meteorologist”).
Interest in astronomy developed in the country and in the world, Scientific research and astronomical observations of luminaries and cosmic phenomena, popular science novels by the outstanding French astronomer K. N. Flammarion were widely published. In Russia, the Russian Society of World Studies Lovers has successfully developed scientifically (during the years of the Great Terror, all members, and there were more than 2,500 thousand of them, suffered from repression).
Anatoly Vitalievich made his first important astronomical observations that aroused interest in scientific circles at the age of 13: on August 20, 1925, observing a rare cosmic phenomenon and recording the coordinates of the trajectory of a large fireball in the sky.
In the vocational school where Anatoly studied, there was an astronomical circle of world studies, in which he was elected secretary. From the age of 14, Anatoly held fascinating creative meetings on astronomy at factories, factories, and cultural centers.
After graduating from school in 1926, he began preparing for university exams. On September 10, 1928, Dyakov was enrolled in the first year of the physics and mathematics department of the faculty of the Odessa Institute of Public Education. IN student years Anatoly Vitalievich, among the first supporters of new discoveries, was interested in the ideas of peaceful mastery of atomic energy.
In May 1932, Anatoly Vitalievich received from Paris a package with documents confirming his election as a full member of the French Astronomical Society. After graduating from the university in 1933 with a degree in physics and geophysics, he continued his studies at Moscow University. M.V. Lomonosov at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, where he was accepted immediately into the 4th year.
In 1934, before he had time to graduate from the university, Anatoly Vitalievich, following a denunciation, was arrested and exiled to Siberia, to Mountain Shoria to build a railway for a mine. Having learned about his abilities, knowledge of astronomy and meteorology, in July 1936, by decision of the management, Anatoly Vitalievich was appointed to the position of head of the hydrometeorological service for the construction of the Gornoshorsky railway (helio-meteorological observations, reports and forecasts were used and were necessary in construction and geological exploration).
From July 1943 to December 1948 He holds the position of head of the meteorological bureau of Mountain Shoria.
On May 8, 1945, delivering a report to the executive committee of the Kuzedeevsky District Council of Deputies, Anatoly Vitalievich made a proposal about the need to build a research heliometeorological station. From 1946 to 1950 under the leadership of Anatoly Vitalievich, the construction of an observatory-type heliometeostation was carried out; the site was allocated taking into account the wishes of the academician I. P. Bardina.
For the construction of the building and the organization of work, a site was allocated on the top of the Ulu-Dag mountain (translated from Turkic as Big Mountain): 15 hectares for a climate reserve and 8 hectares for a meteorological station . Anatoly Dyakov gave the Mountain-Shor helio-meteoobservatory the name of the outstanding French scientist and astronomer Camille Flammarion, whom he considered all his life a Teacher in life and science (at present, the heliometeostation on Mount Ulu-Dag has not survived).
In 1953, Anatoly Vitalievich prepared the scientific work “The physical mechanism of the influence of solar activity on the circulation processes of the earth’s atmosphere.”
Anatoly Vitalievich's forecasts were based on daily observations of activity on the Sun, on the study of the experience and works of previous modern and foreign scientists and innovative meteorologists, on the knowledge of higher mathematics, physics, thermodynamics, movement air masses according to the planet and the unique intuition of the scientific researcher, the forecasts were 100% accurate.
Not only metallurgical plants in the region turned to him to make forecasts; geologists and sea captains needed forecasts. Working in Temir-Tau (Kemerovo region), he sent reports to departments different countries: about droughts and frosts, storms and typhoons in the Atlantic. He composed and sent telegrams at his own expense to England, France, India, Japan, America, and Canada.
Despite the international success and demand for the research methodology of heliometeorological observations of A.V. Dyakov, official science has not mastered his experience. IN Soviet times Anatoly Vitalievich was repeatedly dismissed from his position, the work of the scientific research heliometeorological station was closed. But in all the difficulties and trials of life, Anatoly Vitalievich remained honest and devoted to his beloved science of helio-meteorology.
Anatoly Vitalievich’s earthly journey ended on February 15, 1985.
Weather God Anatoly Dyakov: “I have the honor to warn... about the typhoon” / Olga Volkova, June 3, 2015.
An unusual lesson took place at Novokuznetsk Vocational Lyceum No. 10 the day before world day meteorologist, it was dedicated to our fellow Kuzbass resident, geophysicist, astronomer and unique meteorologist Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov, who became the founder of heliometeorology.
On this day, students met with his children - Camille and Elena, who talked about their father and his work.Lyceum students, together with their teacher Olga Torgashova, who knows the Dyakov family well, collect documents and submit a request to the Novokuznetsk administration in order to name one of the city streets after this meteorologist scientist, famous for his ultra-accurate weather forecasts, who has gained fame in many countries of the world, nicknamed popularly the “god of weather.”
He is a native of our region southern steppes Ukraine, a brilliant student at the Faculty of Astronomy at Moscow State University, fell into the first wave of Stalinist repressions. As a teenager, Tolya, in his hometown of Elizavetgrad, having begged a 70-mm telescope on his word of honor from a school teacher, comprehended the secrets of the planets, devoting Special attention observations of the Sun. After graduating from Odessa University, Anatoly improved his knowledge in Moscow and was an active member of the Russian Society of World Studies Lovers.
Continuing his observations of the ancient luminary, Dyakov constantly kept a diary, where, along with mathematical calculations, he wrote down thoughts about the political situation in the country. They became the basis for arrest and sentencing to hard labor. From the Butyrka prison, the twenty-four-year-old prisoner was sent along a stage to the Mariinsky Central, and from there to the mines in Gornaya Shoria, which were being developed for the young KMK.
The construction of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant was in full swing, roads and railway lines were being laid through the impassable taiga, and daily weather forecasts were needed to successfully carry out the work. Despite the fact that Dyakov’s specialty was far from meteorology, he was appointed chief “weather officer” of the Gorno-Shorskaya Railway. On June 12, 1936, he made his first forecast: “Partly cloudy weather is favorable for construction work.” It all started with him.
When his term of exile ended, he remained in Kuzbass.
Dyakov settled near Temirtau, later with his own hands he built a small domed tower, which he called the “Heliometeorological Observatory of Kuzbass named after Camillus Flammarion.” All his life he followed the teachings of this French scientist, who was the first to indicate the dependence of weather on the activity of the Sun. Here, observing the activity of the star, Dyakov built a physical and mathematical model of the interaction of the main air currents with the Earth’s geomagnetic field, indicated the dependence atmospheric processes from the dynamics of changes in the area of sunspots, which had never occurred to anyone before this “eccentric from Siberia”.
His ten-day forecasts came true almost one hundred percent, and his monthly periods were justified by more than 80 percent. Working in Temirtau, he predicted droughts and frosts in Europe, storms and typhoons in the Atlantic. He composed and sent telegrams at his own expense to England, France, India, and America. In 1966, a message was sent to Cuba: “Gentlemen, I have the honor to warn you about the appearance of a strong hurricane in the Caribbean Sea at the end of the third ten days of September. Head of the heliometeorological station of Gornaya Shoria Anatoly Dyakov.”
The forecast from distant, unknown Siberia caused considerable surprise, but the government of Liberty Island took measures just in case; the fishing boats did not go to sea. Later, newspapers reported about Hurricane Ines, which devastated Guadeloupe, Santa Domingo, and Haiti for $100 million. This is one example; there are many of them in the history of world meteorology in the early 1970s.
Scrupulously, getting in touch with the Sun three times a day, Dyakov dictated telegrams to French to countries threatened by weather disasters. Thanks to his mother, he knew this language perfectly; an old entry from the Krugozor magazine, which published the first flexible records, preserved one of his messages.
And once, in the language of Camille Flammarion, whom he revered, he made a report at the first All-Union meeting “Solar-atmospheric connections in the theory of climate and weather forecasting,” held in Moscow.
Among specialists, Dyakov’s name was already widely known, but most often representatives of official science called his approach pseudoscientific, and his forecasting method was not recognized. The skeptical grins of the listeners of that famous report, for which they urgently had to find a translator into Russian, were eclipsed by shouts of “bravo” and stormy applause.
Oddly enough, fame came to Anatoly Dyakov from abroad, from there they constantly consulted with him, heads of state sent him thanks and helped him with equipment. In his native Fatherland, learned men did not notice him, but popular recognition expanded and strengthened. All shipping companies knew his address, the heads of expeditions did not set out on the route without receiving his long-term forecast, and the chairmen of collective farms did not begin sowing and harvesting.
Meanwhile, Dyakov was known as an unrecognized genius and eccentric, and his book “Forecasting long-term weather on an energy-climatic basis,” completed back in 1954, was never published, just as heliometeorology was not recognized as a science.
And yet his work was noted by the Soviet government. In 1972, Anatoly Vitalievich was awarded Order of the Red Banner for services in increasing grain production. And soon the Novosibirsk hydrometeorology department, under whose supervision the village station was located, fired an overly active and obstinate employee for violating labor discipline.
Despite cramped circumstances and a large family, Dyakov continued to work “on a voluntary basis” and stubbornly challenged official meteorologists to a competition “whose forecast is more accurate.”
Anatoly Vitalievich passed away in 1985, and with his death, heliometeorology, which gives almost one hundred percent long-term forecasts, went into oblivion. In the Temirtau Museum there is a stand in his memory; the dilapidated observatory still stands; through its telescope you can see distant planets and the Sun, which entrusted Dyakov with its innermost secrets, still hidden for the understanding of others.
His son Camille, named after the French scientist, carefully preserves his father’s works and stacks of telegrams that flocked to the Siberian village from all over the world. “Where are you, God of weather?” they still ask him, but he will not answer, the genius of forecasts has taken his gift of foresight with him. In a small house on Sadovaya, 30, on an old chest of drawers, there is a photograph of him: an open, strong-willed face framed by wild once dark curls, expressive eyes containing a secret that he never revealed.
Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov - sun worshiper from Kuzbass
Sun worshiper
On the fine days of the “Indian summer” of 1966, an unusual telegram arrived at the Cuban embassy in Moscow: “Dear comrades! I have the honor to warn you about the danger of a very strong hurricane in the Caribbean Sea at the end of the third ten days of September. Head of the heliometeorological station of Gornaya Shoria Dyakov.”
Photo by A.V. Dyakov from the site word-combination.rf
Hurricanes in the Caribbean region are known for their terrible destructive power and bring South America huge and sometimes irreparable losses. Since the time of Columbus, scientists around the world have been trying to discover the secret of the origin of this element and find reliable methods of prevention and protection.
Although the embassy staff were quite surprised by such bold forecasts from a well-wisher unknown to them from Temirtau Kemerovo region, but immediately sent an alarm signal to Cuba.
At the beginning of the third ten days of September, the sun was shining brightly over Liberty Island, the ocean was calm. Meteorologists did not notice any signs of worsening weather. And on the morning of September 28, heavy clouds hung low. The radar service sounded the alarm, but it was too late. Powerful hurricane rumbled over Guadeloupe, devastating all the plantations of sugar cane, coffee, and bananas. Thousands of people were left homeless. The hurricane caused enormous material damage to the residents of Puerto Rico and Haiti. And only in Cuba, where they trusted Dyakov’s forecast and took timely protective measures, was it possible to avoid serious losses...
Years passed. Anatoly Vitalievich purposefully continued his scientific search and transmitted alarm signals to those areas of the country that were threatened by the elements. His forecasts found recognition among agricultural workers, where, as is known, weather dictate their will during spring sowing and harvesting.
In 1972, Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for work that contributed to increasing the production of agricultural products.
From what sources does Anatoly Vitalievich draw his knowledge, on the basis of which he makes forecasts about the vagaries of nature? It is not so easy to answer this question, we can only give brief introduction about his creative search. Meteorology has its own history. The science of the atmosphere, its structure and properties that create weather and climate on earth, arose on the basis of observations of the processes occurring in near-Earth space. Over the course of two centuries, a firm belief has emerged that all processes occurring in the atmosphere are a consequence of the interaction between the ocean and land.
At the end of the last century, astronomers, and in particular the French astronomer Camille Flammarion, expressed the idea that our daylight, the sun, plays an active role in shaping the weather on the globe, and there, on its hot face, one should look for the keys to the “kitchen” weather. But at that time, neither Flammarion nor other astronomers could yet support their guess with convincing observational facts and therefore did not find understanding and support among their colleagues. True, meteorologists did not deny the fact that the energy of the sun serves as a source of physical processes in the toposphere, but talking about weather forecasting depending on sunspots, excuse me, is pure amateurism.
In the textbook " Synoptic meteorology”, published in 1940, we read the following lines: “Meteorological studies show that the influence of them (sunspots - E.D.) is present, but not very large, and the possibilities of its predictive use are extremely limited. But for amateurs, predicting the weather from sunspots is an extremely favorite topic.”
At that time, the young astronomer Anatoly Dyakov not only did not share the authoritative opinion, but, on the contrary, enthusiastically began researching the solar corona with the hope of finding the truth and answering the question: who is right in the age-old support of meteorologists and astronomers?
Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov chose a thorny path to science. Even his close friends felt that he had shouldered an unbearable burden. Without hiding the irony, his professional colleagues called him a “sun worshiper” and hopelessly waved their hands at him. Left alone and not meeting sympathy from official representatives of science, Anatoly Vitalievich came to Mountain Shoria and founded a heliometeorological station in the village of Temirtau and began painstaking research work, surprising the people around him with his selfless devotion to science...
Sun. Since ancient times, it has attracted the inquisitive mind of man. Among many ancient peoples, he was considered the main deity, the source of all blessings on Earth. Under sun rays The fields are turning green, a rich harvest is ripening. But this same Sun turns the earth into a dry, lifeless desert during droughts...
According to modern data, the Sun is a hot ball of gas. Its diameter is 109 times larger than that of Earth. According to the generally accepted theory, solar energy is nuclear. In the depths of the Sun, the so-called proton-proton cycle occurs, during which hydrogen slowly “burns out” into helium. This process is accompanied by the release of colossal energy. The temperature on the surface of the Sun is about six thousand, and in the center it reaches fifteen million degrees.
During full solar eclipse the so-called solar corona is visible - an amazingly beautiful pearl-silver glow around it... The solar corona does not end where we see the edge of its radiance... In some photographs, the rays of the corona can be traced at a distance of up to 20-25 million kilometers from the solar disk.
Imagine the surprise of scientists when spacecraft sensors in near-Earth space detected as many free electrons as there would be if the corona rays reached our planet! This meant that we live inside the Sun! This means that solar phenomena must, to one degree or another, be reflected in various earthly processes and in ourselves. The way it is. But this was not established immediately.
Back in the first half of the last century, the German pharmacist Heinrich Schwabe, a passionate lover of astronomy, observed the Sun every day for decades through his modest amateur telescope. He wanted to open new planet near the Sun. In order not to confuse the expected planet with spots on the surface of the Sun, Schwabe began to take into account all the appearing and disappearing sunspots.
Spots on the surface of the Sun had been observed before, but only Schwabe was the first to determine that the number and size of spots increase periodically, approximately every eleven years.
Scientists have established sunspots - this is a visual expression of the so-called solar activity. And soon a causal connection between sunspots and auroras was discovered, magnetic storms and other phenomena on Earth.
Later, already in the first half of our century, the Soviet scientist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky established a close connection between many biological phenomena and the rhythm of solar activity. It turns out that sunspots affect the growth rate of animals, and disease epidemics, and the reproduction and migration of insects, and the frequency sudden deaths, and on the size of the fish catch, and on earthquakes, and much more.
Here are some facts.
In Leningrad, data was analyzed on what days and how many times an ambulance was called health care. These data were then compared with data on solar activity. It turned out that the frequency of calls depends on the state of the Sun and its activity. With an increase in sunspots and chromospheric flares, the number of industrial and transport accidents increases. The same reason is associated with the change blood pressure in humans, blood clotting, the severity of appendicitis, the number of deaths from myocardial infarction... If all this is established, does solar activity really not affect the weather? Nowadays, this can no longer be denied; it is not for nothing that they say in scientific circles that we live in the rhythm of the Sun.
Last summer, Dimitry Ivanovich Stepanov, an associate professor at Kemerovo University, and I were lucky enough to get to Temirtau. Along rocky ledges and narrow alleys of the mine we get to a modest log house where Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov lives.
An elderly, stocky man with a kind, welcoming smile greets us on the porch.
The conversation began immediately, somehow casually and simply, about the problems of astronomy and meteorology, about the ways of man's penetration into the secrets of space, and the mysteries of the Universe.
The small house is crowded with books.
Here are periodicals, magazines on science and technology, books on astronomy and meteorology of all times, fiction...
Among the books and magazines there are many French ones. One of the latest issues contains a report on Flammarion’s anniversary held in France. The article also mentions the name of our interlocutor as a successor to the work of the great astronomer. It is no coincidence that A.V. Dyakov has been a member of the French Astronomical Society since 1932 and publishes his articles in the journal Astronomy, published in Paris.
Our conversation was unexpectedly interrupted by tourists from the city of Osinniki. According to established tradition, all young tourists walking along the routes of Gornaya Shoria do not pass by the observatory. And Anatoly Vitalievich never refuses warm hospitality to anyone. Who knows, maybe one of them will become imbued with a keen interest in his difficult profession and will continue his research over time, expand the horizon of knowledge and discover reliable methods of weather forecasting. And for this he spares neither effort nor time.
At first, the observatory was located in a modest tower adjacent to a wooden house, where Dyakov still lives and works. Now this tower serves as a utility tower. The main observatory, the beauty and pride of the village, was built on the highest hill near Temirtau. There are spacious, comfortable rooms for laboratory work, - on the top floor there is a tower topped with a typical sliding hemispherical dome. It houses an equatorial installation with an electric tracking motor, delivered here from Paris. A powerful refracting telescope allows you to observe not only spots, chromospheric flares and prominences on the solar disk, but even smaller details - granules, torches...
When Anatoly Vitalievich showed us his telescope, we saw the Sun on a square white screen. Yes, Sun! But not the kind that shines in the blue sky. Here, on the screen, it can be viewed in detail without fear of damaging your eyesight. The largest feature on the disk of the Sun at this time was a large black spot near the equator. In its shape, it resembled a bean grain, bordered by a gray stripe.
Here it is - the beginning of solar activity! Number of spots per solar surface will increase until about the eightieth year. Then solar activity will begin to decline.
But how will this affect the weather? After all, the same solar phenomenon in certain places on our planet can cause completely opposite effects. When sunspots and chromospheric flares appear, the so-called solar wind, a corpuscular flow coming towards us from the ancient star, intensifies. It disturbs the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere. This has long been recognized by everyone. And Dyakov argues that the troposphere, that is, the lower layer of the atmosphere, is a non-isolated phenomenon. But how does it affect its movement? upper layer, is not easy to understand.
Dyakov's element in science is extreme processes in the atmosphere: anomalous phenomena, prolonged droughts, prolonged bad weather, hurricanes... They are the ones who bring the greatest disasters to humanity. Anticipating them means largely averting trouble.
This is what Dyakov does. The key to his model of global solar influence on the globe's atmosphere is the "trigger mechanism." The troposphere is an oscillatory system that is on the verge of instability. A small push is enough for the system to come into action. This push (“trigger mechanism”) is the activity of the Sun, its spots and chromospheric flares. It is they who release typhoons and hurricanes from the atmospheric “bottle”. It is especially dangerous when a sunspot, or even more so a chromospheric flare, passes through the solar meridian. At this time, the main flow of solar wind is directed towards the Earth. But in order to know where, in what place on the globe this “trigger mechanism” can affect the troposphere, you need to “see” the atmosphere of our planet in on a global scale. This is why more than 10 thousand weather stations are scattered and operating across all continents of the Earth, special ships sail in the oceans, meteorological rockets rise into the upper layers of the atmosphere, weather satellites and stations with telescopes on board go into orbit.
According to Dyakov, the problem in meteorology today is not the lack of information about the state of the atmosphere, but the methodology for mastering this information, the ability to draw correct analytical conclusions, and identify the main factors that shape the weather.
It was this technique that the magician from Temirtau mastered. But this did not happen immediately, but as a result of decades of hard work.
A.V. Dyakov has been predicting the weather for more than thirty years. Soon he will have an assistant. Astronomer Kamill Dyakov, son and like-minded person, named after the great Flammarion, will come to Temirtau.
We took away from Temirtau vivid impressions of a meeting with a wonderful man of the Kuznetsk land, a researcher of the Sun and the earth’s atmosphere, the “God of Weather,” as he is respectfully called here.
It was getting dark. The huge sun slowly dropped below the horizon. In the dense air, saturated with summer moisture, it seemed beautiful and mysterious to us.
E. Dolgikh , Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR
(Kuznetsk Land. Almanac. Kemerovo. 1978)
(1985 )Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov(November 7 -) - Soviet astronomer and meteorologist. Born in the village of Omelnik. Died in March 1985 in Temirtau The main direction of research is heliometeorology: the development of an original methodology for long-term weather forecasting (for a month and a season) taking into account fluctuations in solar activity (the number of sunspots, the dynamics of their development, the ratio of the moments of passage of groups of sunspots through the central meridian of the Sun with maxima and minima of natural vibrations of the earth's atmosphere).
Biography
Achievements
Based on the author’s methodology, Anatoly Dyakov has been producing long-term weather forecasts for several regions of the globe for a number of years, in particular, he predicted Hurricane Inez in 1966, which he notified Fidel Castro about in a telegram. Thanks to the warning, hundreds of ships were withdrawn from the dangerous area. He predicted a drought - the 1972 drought in the USSR. Predicted frosts in France. Participated in the All-Union Conference on Astronomy in the city of Obninsk, where he made a report in French. [What?] .
Heritage
Dyakov's meteorological laboratory was destroyed after his death, and the methodology and scientific works were largely lost. In 2012, Dyakov’s book was published (on the initiative of his son, who preserved some of his father’s original materials) “Long-term weather forecasting on an energy-climatological basis.”
Some Russian meteorologists are proactively attempting to recreate Dyakov’s method.
Criticism
Official Soviet meteorologists were skeptical of Dyakov's method. On the results of checking Dyakov’s forecasts by specialists from the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology: “The verification of Dyakov’s forecasts was carried out objectively and in good faith by a special commission…. The result of the audit was generally disastrous for all types of his forecasts. Despite the vagueness of his formulations, the success of the forecasts turned out to be within the range of random coincidences (about 50%).”
Family
- Sister - Dyakova-Tolkacheva Olga Vitalievna - Soviet writer (1913−1973)
- Son - Dyakov Kamill, lives in the village of Temirtau.
Awards
Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the successes achieved in increasing grain production.
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Notes
Literature
- Giorgio V. A., Romanov N. N. “Is the use of solar activity in weather forecasting realistic at the present time?” //Meteorology and hydrology. 1973. No. 8 pp. 99-103
Links
- , website of secondary school No. 20 in the city of Temirtau.
- Yuri Rost, Yuri Rost website.
Excerpt characterizing Dyakov, Anatoly Vitalievich
- Well, what is there! - he said angrily, and after listening to verbal orders from his father and taking the envelopes and his father’s letter, he returned to the nursery.- Well? - asked Prince Andrei.
– Everything is the same, wait for God’s sake. “Karl Ivanovich always says that sleep is the most precious thing,” Princess Marya whispered with a sigh. “Prince Andrei approached the child and touched him. He was burning.
- Get out with your Karl Ivanovich! “He took the glass with the drops dripped into it and approached again.
– Andre, don’t! - said Princess Marya.
But he frowned angrily and at the same time painfully at her and leaned over the child with a glass. “Well, I want it,” he said. - Well, I beg you, give it to him.
Princess Marya shrugged her shoulders, but obediently took the glass and, calling the nanny, began to give the medicine. The child screamed and wheezed. Prince Andrei, wincing, holding his head, left the room and sat down on the sofa next door.
The letters were all in his hand. He mechanically opened them and began to read. The old prince, on blue paper, in his large, oblong handwriting, using titles here and there, wrote the following:
“I received very happy news at this moment through a courier, if not a lie. Bennigsen allegedly won complete victory near Eylau over Buonaparte. In St. Petersburg everyone is rejoicing; there is no end to the number of awards sent to the army. Although he is German, congratulations. The Korchevsky commander, a certain Khandrikov, I don’t understand what he’s doing: additional people and provisions have not yet been delivered. Now jump there and tell him that I will take his head off so that everything will be done in a week. I also received a letter from Petinka about the Battle of Preussisch Eylau, he took part - it’s all true. When people do not interfere with someone who should not be interfered with, then the German beat Buonaparti. They say he is running very upset. Look, jump to Korcheva immediately and do it!”
Prince Andrei sighed and opened another envelope. It was a finely written letter from Bilibin on two pieces of paper. He folded it without reading and again read his father’s letter, which ended with the words: “Ride to Korcheva and carry it out!” “No, excuse me, now I won’t go until the child recovers,” he thought and, going up to the door, looked into the nursery. Princess Marya still stood by the crib and quietly rocked the child.
“Yes, what else does he write that is unpleasant? Prince Andrei recalled the contents of his father’s letter. Yes. Ours won a victory over Bonaparte precisely when I was not serving... Yes, yes, everyone is making fun of me... well, that’s good for you...” and he began to read Bilibin’s French letter. He read without understanding half of it, he read only in order to at least for a minute stop thinking about what he had been thinking about exclusively and painfully for too long.
Bilibin was now in the capacity of a diplomatic official at the main headquarters of the army and, although in French, with French jokes and figures of speech, he described the entire campaign with exclusively Russian fearlessness in the face of self-condemnation and self-mockery. Bilibin wrote that his diplomatic discretion [modesty] tormented him, and that he was happy to have a faithful correspondent in Prince Andrei, to whom he could pour out all the bile that had accumulated in him at the sight of what was happening in the army. This letter was old, even before the Battle of Eylau.
"Depuis nos grands succes d"Austerlitz vous savez, mon cher Prince, wrote Bilibin, que je ne quitte plus les quartiers generaux. Decidement j"ai pris le gout de la guerre, et bien m"en a pris. Ce que j" ai vu ces trois mois, est incroyable.
“Je commence ab ovo. L'ennemi du genre humain, comme vous savez, s'attaque aux Prussiens. Les Prussiens sont nos fideles allies, qui ne nous ont trompes que trois fois depuis trois ans. Nous prenons fait et cause pour eux. Mais il se trouve que l "ennemi du genre humain ne fait nulle attention a nos beaux discours, et avec sa maniere impolie et sauvage se jette sur les Prussiens sans leur donner le temps de finir la parade commencee, en deux tours de main les rosse a plate couture et va s"installer au palais de Potsdam.
“J"ai le plus vif desir, ecrit le Roi de Prusse a Bonaparte, que V. M. soit accueillie et traitee dans mon palais d"une maniere, qui lui soit agreable et c"est avec empres sement, que j"ai pris a cet effet toutes les mesures que les circonstances me permettaient. Puisse je avoir reussi! Les generaux Prussiens se piquent de politesse envers les Francais et mettent bas les armes aux premieres sommations.
“Le chef de la garienison de Glogau avec dix mille hommes, demande au Roi de Prusse, ce qu"il doit faire s"il est somme de se rendre?... Tout cela est positif.
“Bref, esperant en imposer seulement par notre attitude militaire, il se trouve que nous voila en guerre pour tout de bon, et ce qui plus est, en guerre sur nos frontieres avec et pour le Roi de Prusse. Tout est au grand complet, il ne nous manque qu"une petite chose, c"est le general en chef. Comme il s"est trouve que les succes d"Austerlitz aurant pu etre plus decisifs si le general en chef eut ete moins jeune, on fait la revue des octogenaires et entre Prosorofsky et Kamensky, on donne la preference au derienier. Le general nous arrive en kibik a la maniere Souvoroff, et est accueilli avec des acclamations de joie et de triomphe.
Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov(November 7 -) - Soviet astronomer and meteorologist. Born in the village of Omelnik. Died in March 1985 in Temirtau The main direction of research is heliometeorology: the development of an original methodology for long-term weather forecasting (for a month and a season) taking into account fluctuations in solar activity (the number of sunspots, the dynamics of their development, the ratio of the moments of passage of groups of sunspots through the central meridian of the Sun with maxima and minima of natural vibrations of the earth's atmosphere).
Biography
Achievements
Based on his own methodology, Anatoly Dyakov has been producing long-term weather forecasts for some regions of the globe for a number of years, in particular, he predicted Hurricane Inez in 1966 Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] , which Fidel Castro notified in a telegram. Thanks to the warning, hundreds of ships were withdrawn from the dangerous area. Predicted drought - drought in the USSR in 1972 [[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] . Predicted frosts in France. Participated in the All-Union Conference on Astronomy in the city of Obninsk, where he made a report in French. [What?] .
Heritage
Dyakov's meteorological laboratory was destroyed after his death, and the methodology and scientific works were largely lost. In 2012, Dyakov’s book was published (on the initiative of his son, who preserved some of his father’s original materials) “Long-term weather forecasting on an energy-climatological basis.”
Some Russian meteorologists are proactively attempting to recreate Dyakov’s method.
Criticism
Official Soviet meteorologists were skeptical of Dyakov's method. On the results of checking Dyakov’s forecasts by specialists from the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology: “The verification of Dyakov’s forecasts was carried out objectively and in good faith by a special commission…. The result of the audit was generally disastrous for all types of his forecasts. Despite the vagueness of his formulations, the success of the forecasts turned out to be within the range of random coincidences (about 50%).”
Family
- Sister - Dyakova-Tolkacheva Olga Vitalievna - Soviet writer (1913−1973)
- Son - Dyakov Kamill, lives in the village of Temirtau.
Awards
Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the successes achieved in increasing grain production.
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Notes
Literature
- Giorgio V. A., Romanov N. N. “Is the use of solar activity in weather forecasting realistic at the present time?” //Meteorology and hydrology. 1973. No. 8 pp. 99-103
Links
- , website of secondary school No. 20 in the city of Temirtau.
- Yuri Rost, Yuri Rost website.
Excerpt characterizing Dyakov, Anatoly Vitalievich
- Oh, a very long time ago!... There is no time here, how can I know? All I remember is that it was a long time ago.Athenais was very beautiful and somehow unusually sad... She was somewhat reminiscent of a proud white swan, when he, falling from a height, giving up his soul, sang his last song - she was just as majestic and tragic...
When she looked at us with her sparkling green eyes, it seemed - she was older than eternity itself. There was so much wisdom in them, and so much unspoken sadness that it gave me goosebumps...
– Is there anything we can help you with? – A little embarrassed to ask her such questions, I asked.
- No, dear child, this is my work... My vow... But I believe that someday it will end... and I can leave. Now, tell me, joyful ones, where would you like to go?
I shrugged:
– We didn’t choose, we just walked. But we will be happy if you want to offer us something.
Athenais nodded:
“I guard this interworld, I can let you through there,” and, looking affectionately at Stella, she added. - And you, child, I will help you find yourself...
The woman smiled softly and waved her hand. Her strange dress fluttered, and her hand began to look like a white-silver, soft fluffy wing... from which stretched out, scattering with golden reflections, another, blinding with gold and almost dense, light sunny road that led straight to the “flaming” one in the distance , an open golden door...
- Well, shall we go? – already knowing the answer in advance, I asked Stella.
“Oh, look, there’s someone there...” the little girl pointed her finger inside the same door.
We easily slipped inside and... as if in a mirror, we saw a second Stella!.. Yes, yes, exactly Stella!.. Exactly the same as the one who, completely confused, was standing next to me at that moment...
“But it’s me?!..”, the shocked little girl whispered, looking at the “other herself” with all her eyes. – It’s really me... How can this be?..
So far I could not answer her seemingly simple question, since I myself was completely taken aback, not finding any explanation for this “absurd” phenomenon...
Stella quietly extended her hand to her twin and touched the same small fingers extended to her. I wanted to shout that this could be dangerous, but when I saw her satisfied smile, I remained silent, deciding to see what would happen next, but at the same time I was on guard, in case something suddenly went wrong.
“So it’s me...” the little girl whispered in delight. - Oh, how wonderful! It's really me...
Her thin fingers began to glow brightly, and the “second” Stella began to slowly melt, smoothly flowing through the same fingers into the “real” Stella standing next to me. Her body began to become denser, but not in the same way that a physical body would become denser, but as if it began to glow much more densely, filling with some kind of unearthly radiance.
Suddenly I felt someone’s presence behind me - it was again our friend, Athenais.
“Forgive me, bright child, but you will not come for your “imprint” very soon... You still have a very long time to wait,” she looked more attentively into my eyes. - Or maybe you won’t come at all...
– How do you mean “I won’t come”?!.. – I was scared. – If everyone comes, then I will come too!
- Don't know. For some reason your destiny is closed to me. I can't answer you, I'm sorry...
I was very upset, but, trying my best not to show this to Athenais, I asked as calmly as possible:
– What kind of “fingerprint” is this?
- Oh, everyone, when they die, comes back for him. When your soul ends its “languishing” in another earthly body, at the moment when it says goodbye to it, it flies to its real Home, and, as it were, “announces” its return... And then, it leaves this “ seal". But after this, she must again return back to dense earth in order to say goodbye forever to who she was... and a year later, having said “the last goodbye”, leave from there... And then, this free soul comes here to merge with the part of himself left behind and find peace, awaiting a new journey to the “old world”...
I didn’t understand then what Athenais was talking about, it just sounded very beautiful...
And only now, after many, many years (having long ago absorbed with my “hungry” soul the knowledge of my amazing husband, Nikolai), looking through my funny past today for this book, I remembered Athenais with a smile, and, of course, I realized that , what she called the “imprint,” was simply an energy surge that happens to each of us at the moment of our death, and reaches exactly the level to which the deceased person was able to reach with his development. And what Athenais called then “farewell” to “who she was” was nothing more than the final separation of all existing “bodies” of the essence from her dead physical body, so that she would now have the opportunity to finally leave, and there , on her “floor”, to merge with her missing piece, the level of development of which she, for one reason or another, did not manage to “reach” while living on earth. And this departure occurred exactly after a year.
An unusual lesson took place at Novokuznetsk Vocational Lyceum No. 10 on the eve of World Meteorologist Day; it was dedicated to our fellow Kuzbass resident, geophysicist, astronomer and unique meteorologist Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov, who became the founder of heliometeorology.
Our information:
Dyakov Anatoly Vitalievich was born on November 7, 1911 in Ukraine, near the village of Onufrievka in the family of People's Teachers. Until 1924, he studied at a seven-year school in the village of Abisamka, near Kirovograd. In 1925, as a fourteen-year-old teenager, he made a firm decision - to become an astronomer and meteorologist in order to penetrate the secrets of the movements and glow of heavenly bodies, air and water, and be able to predict the weather and natural disasters. After graduating from school in 1926, he began preparing for university exams. And on September 10, 1928, he was enrolled in the first year of the physics and mathematics department, faculty of the Odessa Institute of Economics. In May 1932, he received from Paris a package with documents confirming his election as a full member of the French Astronomical Society. Having graduated from the university in 1933 with a degree in physics and geophysics, he continued his studies at Moscow University. Lomonosov at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics. In 1934, without being allowed to graduate from university, Anatoly Vitalievich was exiled to Siberia. In July 1936, he held the position of head of the Hydrometeorological Service for the Construction of the Gornoshorsky Railway. From July 1943 to December 1948, he held the position of head of the Meteorological Bureau of Mountain Shoria. From November 1951 to December 1952, he was the head of the Scientific Research Hydrometeorological Station of the village. Temir-Tau. In 1953, he organized a geophysical station and scientific work: “The physical mechanism of the effects of solar activity on the circulation processes of the earth’s atmosphere.”
On this day, students met with his children - Camille and Elena, who talked about their father and his work. Lyceum students, together with their teacher Olga Torgashova, who knows the Dyakov family well, collect documents and submit a request to the Novokuznetsk administration in order to name one of the city streets after this meteorologist scientist, famous for his ultra-accurate weather forecasts, who has gained fame in many countries of the world, nicknamed popularly known as the "Weather God".
He, a native of the southern steppes of Ukraine, a brilliant student at the Faculty of Astronomy of Moscow State University, came to our region with the first wave of Stalinist repressions. As a teenager, Tolya, in his hometown of Elizavetgrad, having begged a 70-mm telescope on his word of honor from a school teacher, learned the secrets of the planets, paying special attention to observations of the Sun. After graduating from Odessa University, Anatoly improved his knowledge in Moscow and was an active member of the Russian Society of World Studies Lovers.
Continuing his observations of the ancient luminary, Dyakov constantly kept a diary, where, along with mathematical calculations, he wrote down thoughts about the political situation in the country. They became the basis for arrest and sentencing to hard labor. From the Butyrka prison, the twenty-four-year-old prisoner was sent along a stage to the Mariinsky Central, and from there to the mines in Gornaya Shoria, which were being developed for the young KMK.
The construction of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant was in full swing, roads and railway lines were being laid through the impassable taiga, and daily weather forecasts were needed to successfully carry out the work. Despite the fact that Dyakov’s specialty was far from meteorology, he was appointed chief “weather officer” of the Gorno-Shorskaya Railway. On June 12, 1936, he made his first forecast: “Partly cloudy weather is favorable for construction work.” It all started with him.
When his term of exile ended, he remained in Kuzbass.
Dyakov settled near Temirtau, later with his own hands he built a small domed tower, which he called the “Heliometeorological Observatory of Kuzbass named after Camillus Flammarion.” All his life he followed the teachings of this French scientist, who was the first to indicate the dependence of weather on the activity of the Sun. Here, observing the activity of the star, Dyakov built a physical and mathematical model of the interaction of the main air currents with the geomagnetic field of the Earth, indicated the dependence of atmospheric processes on the dynamics of changes in the area of sunspots, which had never occurred to anyone before this “eccentric from Siberia”.
His ten-day forecasts came true almost one hundred percent, and his monthly periods were justified by more than 80 percent. Working in Temirtau, he predicted droughts and frosts in Europe, storms and typhoons in the Atlantic. He composed and sent telegrams at his own expense to England, France, India, and America. In 1966, a message was sent to Cuba: “Gentlemen, I have the honor to warn you about the appearance of a strong hurricane in the Caribbean Sea at the end of the third ten days of September. Head of the heliometeorological station of Gornaya Shoria, Anatoly Dyakov.”
The forecast from distant, unknown Siberia caused considerable surprise, but the government of Liberty Island took measures just in case; the fishing boats did not go to sea. Later, newspapers reported about Hurricane Ines, which devastated Guadeloupe, Santa Domingo, and Haiti for $100 million. This is one example; there are many of them in the history of world meteorology in the early 70s.
Scrupulously, getting in touch with the Sun three times a day, Dyakov dictated telegrams in French to countries that were threatened by weather disasters. Thanks to his mother, he knew this language perfectly; an old entry from the Krugozor magazine, which published the first flexible records, preserved one of his messages. And once, in the language of Camille Flammarion, whom he revered, he made a report at the first All-Union meeting “Solar-atmospheric connections in the theory of climate and weather forecasting,” held in Moscow.
Among specialists, Dyakov’s name was already widely known, but most often representatives of official science called his approach pseudoscientific, and his forecasting method was not recognized. The skeptical grins of the listeners of that famous report, for which they urgently had to find a translator into Russian, were eclipsed by shouts of “bravo” and stormy applause.
Oddly enough, fame came to Anatoly Dyakov from abroad, from there they constantly consulted with him, heads of state sent him thanks and helped him with equipment. In his native Fatherland, learned men did not notice him, but popular recognition expanded and strengthened. All shipping companies knew his address, the heads of expeditions did not set out on the route without receiving his long-term forecast, and the chairmen of collective farms did not begin sowing and harvesting.
Meanwhile, Dyakov was known as an unrecognized genius and eccentric, and his book “Forecasting long-term weather on an energy-climatic basis,” completed back in 1954, was never published, just as heliometeorology was not recognized as a science.
And yet his work was noted by the Soviet government. In 1972, Anatoly Vitalievich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for... his services in increasing grain production. And soon the Novosibirsk hydrometeorology department, under whose supervision the village station was located, fired an overly active and obstinate employee for violating labor discipline.
Despite cramped circumstances and a large family, Dyakov continued to work “on a voluntary basis” and persistently challenged official meteorologists to a competition “whose forecast is more accurate.”
Anatoly Vitalievich passed away in 1985, and with his death, heliometeorology, which gives almost one hundred percent long-term forecasts, went into oblivion. In the Temirtau Museum there is a stand in his memory; the dilapidated observatory still stands; through its telescope you can see distant planets and the Sun, which entrusted Dyakov with its innermost secrets, still hidden for the understanding of others.
His son Camille, named after the French scientist, carefully preserves his father’s works and stacks of telegrams that flocked to the Siberian village from all over the world. “Where are you, God of weather?” they still address him, but he will not answer, the genius of forecasts has taken his gift of foresight with him. In a small house on Sadovaya, 30, on an old chest of drawers, there is a photograph of him: an open, strong-willed face framed by wild once dark curls, expressive eyes containing a secret that he never revealed.
Olga Volkova.
UNKNOWN DYAKOV
(The author is a journalist from the Tashtagol city newspaper "Krasnaya Shoria" Olga Shchukina. In 1978 she graduated from the philology department of Kemerovo State University, specializing in journalism. Since then she has been working in one publication. Three times she became the absolute winner of the regional creative competition "Golden Pen").
In 1925, fifteen-year-old Tolya Dyakov published his first scientific article- "Results of observations of meteors." In 1932, the Astronomical Society of France accepted him as a full member.
In the same year, Anatoly Dyakov graduated from the astronomy department of Odessa University, and after some time he entered the physics and mathematics department of Moscow University.
It seemed that a wonderful future and a brilliant scientific career lay ahead of him.
And this future was not long in coming: already in 1935, he, convicted under Article 58, was offered a position... as a full-time meteorologist at Gorshorlag.
In 1958, Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov headed a small departmental weather station in the village of Temirtau, designed to serve the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant and all enterprises included in its ore base. To the word “meteo-” Dyakov added the root “helio-”. Thus, the sun became the emblem of the heliometeorological station of Gornaya Shoria, and Dyakov himself became the pioneer of heliometeorology as a method of determining the weather in a specific area of the globe for a specific time using observations of sunspots.
In 1966, Dyakov sent a telegram to the Cuban embassy warning “about the danger of a very strong hurricane in the Caribbean Sea at the end of the third decade of September.”
His forecast was completely confirmed.
In 1972, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor with the extravagant wording: “For the successes achieved in increasing grain production...”.
Yes, with its help, grain growers in Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Urals really grew good harvests. But his half-century of activity as a practical scientist, his achievements and successes in the field of heliometeorology were never noticed and appreciated in his Fatherland.
In 1985, Dyakov passed away.
His scientific work "Atmospheric Dynamics", which was the meaning of his whole life, remained unpublished.
The widow of the Gornoshorsky God of Weather, Nina Grigorievna Dyakova, tells the story.
"Cannon socialism is being built...".
- Nina Grigorievna, you apparently know from Anatoly Vitalievich how he ended up in Temirtau?
In the thirty-second year, Tolya graduated from Odessa University and was assigned to Tashkent, to the astronomical observatory. And there he saw enough of the horror: people were starving, engaged in cannibalism, that’s what they were reduced to. He was also starving, he says, and almost died.
I decided to go to Moscow, and I didn’t have enough mathematical knowledge. He arrived, entered Moscow State University and one day read his Tashkent diary to his student friends, where he described the whole nightmare of “stick socialism” being built in the country - that’s what he called it. Well, they “snitched” on him. They came - he didn’t lock himself, the diary showed. It’s good that you got to an investigator who asked him where to send you. Tolya said: “For construction, to Siberia.” They brought him to Mariinsk, from there he was assigned to Gorshorlag.
“... Now I’m going to get a bullet from behind...”
How did he manage to survive in those conditions?
He was only there for a year general works- built a railway on Uchulen. Among the prisoners there were many Moscow professors and scientists. They were digging a trench, and he was appointed as a census taker. Every morning, as he said, ten people were called out of the ranks - and that’s it, no one saw these people again. And then one day they call him: “Dyakov, with your things!” He thought it was the end: “I said goodbye to everyone.
I hear that they are sending me to Temir. I walk and expect that now I will get a bullet from behind. I look around - no." And when he got here - and here, in Temir, the authorities were from Gorshorlagov - they suddenly offered him to do weather forecasts. The region, they say, is unexplored... Of course, he agreed! This was in 1935. And then they moved him into this house, which we later renovated and added an observatory tower to it. Here, all over the mountain, there were two houses. In one lived prisoners who worked in greenhouses, grew flowers for the authorities, and in the other, where the flower gardener had previously lived, Tolya began to live. Since then, he has taken up meteorology.
When he served his sentence - three years - he went around the country to look for shelter. But I learned that if someone was released under Article 58, they would not be registered anywhere. And he came back. Started working again. And so I watched the weather for 50 years.
“I won’t spread your nonsense!”
How did you meet him?
I worked as a radio center technician in Novokuznetsk after graduating from the Novosibirsk Telecommunications College, and my parents lived in Temirtau and planted a vegetable garden. I wanted to be closer to them, but it was difficult to get a job. An opportunity arose - we swapped with one man: he went to Novokuznetsk to take my place, and I was supposed to go to the radio center instead, but somehow I was scared. At this time, Dyakov needed an assistant at the weather station. He kept going to my mother’s neighbors and peeking at me: “Will you come and work with me?” This was in March of '46. And on September 17th we got married.
And what is it like to be the wife of an extraordinary person?
We lived well with him. He did his job - he was engaged in science, and I did mine - I raised the children, ran the household, and helped him with his work. We didn’t argue - there was no point. We lived together for 39 years, and we never had a scandal.
We didn’t buy anything, just what we needed, that’s all. They didn’t think about themselves: they either raised their children or taught them. How long have we been without pay?
In 1946, the weather station operated from the geological exploration department. In 1947, geological exploration was liquidated in the village, and we transferred to the hydrometeorological service department. This service gave its forecasts, and it was necessary to distribute them among enterprises and organizations. Tolya told them decisively:
“I won’t spread your nonsense, I’ll give my forecasts!” And for this he was fired. And soon someone set fire to the weather station on Mount Uludag.
It was hard to watch the fire. It was like that unusual architecture like a fairy tale house. Tolya himself came up with the idea: a turret with round openings, arched windows at the bottom. How long he built it, how long we sat on flat cakes - sowing barley, threshing and baking. A whole year without a salary: as soon as he receives it, he will give it to the construction workers. Our first children died in those years - a four-month-old boy and a two-year-old girl...
For five years, by the grace of the hydrometeor, we lived without work and without money. He saved his farm. But they did not stop observing the weather. And only in 1958 he was taken into the KMK department. They had a moment there when the ore froze, and they were sued to pay a lot. Tolya spoke at the trial and managed to protect them from a fine. And for this they took him in and assigned him to the mine, and a year later they included me on the staff. Then it became easier for us: his salary was 140 rubles and mine was 90. We raised four children.
We worked together with him and made forecasts. I typed them on a typewriter, made envelopes and sent them out. We served the south of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan.
“Here, Tolya, is your wife...”
No, he had Ariadna Ivanovna. Candidate of Sciences, mathematician, smartest woman. It was she who, when I first appeared, saw me, a girl (I was 14 years younger than him, and she was 9 years older), and told him: “Here, Tolya, you have a wife, but I don’t want to stay here anymore, I I'll leave." Tolya studied at Moscow University with her, they sat on the same bench. When he was taken away, they soon imprisoned her husband, and they began to evict her from Moscow. “Before meeting you, did Dyakov live alone?”
When Tolya was free and went to see Moscow, he met her there and invited her to Temir. She agreed and came. And then there’s the war. Well, I stayed. Throughout the war she taught German at school, spoke it fluently, and we still have her books in German. And after the war I didn’t want to stay here. Needless to say... Here they were a laughing stock ordinary people. They somehow didn’t work out like human beings, not like everyone else. When a cow gets sick, they cover it from the sun with a sheet in the summer. But people find it funny... Or they said something else, but I don’t believe that when they want milk, they go and milk a cow - that’s not true. But, of course, both he and she were strange.
Ariadna Ivanovna left, and we got married. And when we were feeling bad, when we were unemployed, she sent us parcels all the time - clothes for the children, candy. And every month I transferred forty rubles - 20 rubles twice. All my life until I died. And she died five years after Voroshilov’s death, I forgot what year.
And she always sent him the newspaper L'Humanité. Until he himself was able to write her out. And she sent clothes for him. Not a word about me, as if there was no one.
And then he brought her here - she was already sick, weak, and could barely walk. She stayed with us for a month, didn’t want any more, he took her back. And then soon she died, she was bad. But she still managed to be here before her death and look at us. And we keep the photograph.
"Weather God, Weather God!"
You, friend and wife, knew him better than anyone. What was he like?
He somehow didn’t get along with people, he was all alone. He was doing his science. He had no friends at all. We never went to visit, we never indulged in drinking. No holidays, just everyday life. If only the correspondents came with their own cognac, then he would take a sip and immediately drink it with milk.
But he was a very interesting conversationalist. If anyone gets to him - wow! - I could talk for days.
It wasn't boring, no. He understood humor and loved jokes. He knew a lot, you could sit and talk with him all day and learn more and more new things. Because he read a lot, we ordered a huge amount of literature - both books and periodicals. And if he sees something interesting, he immediately tells me: “Drop everything, sit down, read it!” At school - he taught there during the war - they called him a “walking encyclopedia”. He taught geography, but he could also have studied physics, mathematics, literature, astronomy, and history... He was fluent in French, read and translated in German and English. He was keenly interested in medicine and wrote out prescriptions for himself at the pharmacy in Latin. He especially knew meteorology: all the disasters on Earth - where, when, what happened. It's easier to say what he didn't know.
And what kind of head did he have? But none of the children were born with such and such a head. Probably, it is rarely given to anyone...
He took good care of his health, never got sick with anything in his life, didn’t even have a runny nose. Every day I did physical exercises: I bounced like a ball, despite the fact that it was dense and full. And doused himself at any time of the year cold water. The ice is thrown out of the bucket and stands there, doused. In April I was already walking barefoot in the snow.
He always went to the mine, in the center of the village, barefoot, and kept his shoes under his arm. How to enter the building - then I put it on.
Otherwise, I didn’t think about myself. Didn't worry whether he had anything to wear or nothing. If only there was food. After all, just as he endured hunger, he still had fear. But he was unpretentious about food. I didn’t eat meat, but liked dairy foods more. We've kept a cow all these years. Let's go mowing with him, we'll take the equipment with us to note what the temperature was. We’ll walk eight rows: “Everyone, let’s go home. You can’t get too tired, that’s enough for today.” I say: “Well, whatever you want, I won’t go.” Then, when the children grew up - Camilla is ten, Valera is twelve - she mowed with them. So he knew how to do everything, but he was lazy. But he will redo his scientific work 20 times, if something goes wrong. But I didn’t like physical work. In farming he knew everything scientifically, but... In our country, not all time coincides with science, in farming.
He did not draw - only spots on the Sun. I don’t think I’ve ever seen him write poetry. But he had a good voice, but I remember he sang only once in his life - an aria from some opera. He loved to listen to them. We had a lot of records - and all operas. And now the records are stored if they have not deteriorated due to dampness. There is nowhere to turn.
But his main hobby was, of course, work. Over the years, he has developed this system: he reads, writes, analyzes all night until three or four o’clock. Then he goes to rest and gets up at 11-12 noon. I made morning observations and at lunchtime, and he did the evening observations, at 10 p.m., himself.
Since childhood, I remembered his appearance, striking the imagination: an eagle profile, tenacious Blue eyes, a beret on lush grayish curls and golf trousers, completely unusual for that time, tucked into woolen leggings...
Yes, such clothes seemed comfortable to him. He gets dressed, goes somewhere, and the kids chase him, shouting: “God of the weather, God of the weather!” At first he will snap back and follow them. And then he stopped paying attention. Everyone then called him the God of Weather, and even our mountain, where he built the observatory, was renamed “God of Weather.”
And I sewed his clothes myself. He didn’t like it when long trousers dangled in his legs, and for financial reasons. I remember he went to Moscow, to the Academy of Sciences, to give a report. I made him a checkered suit - a jacket and golf pants. He arrived, and they took him to the police... Apparently, he also seemed strange to them. They found out what was wrong and released him.
“Don’t you dare spoil the children’s nerves!”
Did Anatoly Vitalievich keep diaries?
No. The one he kept in his youth was taken to the NKVD, and since then he has not written diaries. Weaned off once and for all. I kept everything in my memory. But there's something he's into last years he started writing, he has a notebook... It seems that it describes the place where he was born, in Ukraine. His sister lived in Crimea, the writer Olga Vitalievna Dyakova. She was a member of the Union of Journalists and published the book “Soviet People.” I visited her in 1975, when I went to spray glass for a telescope at the Crimean Observatory. Olga had no children.
Tolya’s mother also lived in Crimea and died suddenly at 82 years old. The parents were, it seems, teachers. He remembered his two grandmothers: one Ukrainian, the other Greek. Everyone told him “non-Russian,” and everyone argued so much about his hair that he wore a wig, they even argued with the hairdresser. Then it became clear that it was not a wig when it thinned out. And I turned into a home hairdresser: like summer, I cut my hair bald.
Did he find time for the children?
The house was small, 15 square meters in total, and there were six of us in it. The work is here, the children are here. They climb onto his desk and write with him, on books and everywhere. If I started to scold them, he said: “Don’t you dare spoil the children’s nerves!” He never laid a finger on anyone, I managed everyone. When they were little, he read fairy tales to them and bought them books. Until they went outside. As soon as they went outside, that’s it, they have their own friends. And before school, he worked with them a lot. When he died, so... Oh, they felt sorry for him!..
I remember Camille was studying, his father would receive 60 rubles in advance and quickly run to the post office to transfer it to him. He’s 60, Lena gets 30 twice a month - and now she has no salary. Kamill graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Minsk University. Lena is the Irkutsk Meteorological College, Sasha is a flight school in Buguruslan, and Valera is a mining college in Osinniki. Everyone is working, everyone is busy.
"I will be recognized after death."
Was Dyakov famous during his lifetime?
He kept saying: “I will be recognized only after death.” Maybe that’s why he wasn’t afraid of death, he even wanted to die. He said: “Let’s leave this life together. The scoundrels have won. I can’t take it anymore!” But he was young and healthy...
I was very worried that he was in scientific world were not recognized. He wrote a work on heliometeorology, it’s called, I think, “Dynamics of the Atmosphere.” This is his life's work. The manuscript was typed in two copies: one in Russian, the other in French. Camille wanted to have it printed in Leningrad, but he failed. Here somewhere they promised to publish it - the same thing, they didn’t publish it.
Tolya intended to send it abroad to be published there, but he was afraid that it would not arrive or that they would take it and appropriate it - he had read a lot about such cases in science. I wanted to go myself, I filled out the documents, but... Article 58 didn’t let him in.
He kept going to the academy, always proving that he was right. In 1972, he finally returned in triumph and made a report in Moscow. Then in Odessa he gave a report at the Minsk Academy of Sciences. They seemed to recognize him, but not everyone. When he spoke in Leningrad, five scientists were for and five were against his theory. But now they always say on TV that sunspots affect people and the entire atmosphere. Now this fact has been recognized, but previously it was denied... But he proved everything. He had been observing these spots for a long time. Since the forties, we have accumulated observations with him. At first there were no instruments, so he went to Alma-Ata, there they gave him a pipe - it is still alive, that pipe - and we adapted with him: we made a hole in the entryway, put the pipe in it and sketched out the spots.
And then they bought him (I think the mine) a student telescope. And so we go out into the street with him, he sketches, and I stand, twisting - the earth is moving. And then, when we are in the 60th year new house the mine gave way, we added a tower to the old one. They hired people - the brick had been purchased even earlier - and built the tower at their own expense. I did all the plaster work inside.
Tolya contacted the French and asked our government to buy a telescope from them, so they did. And the dome also came from France, and the installation. The mine management allocated equipment for installation, and the pipe was machined in the machine shop. And they began to conduct observations using real, good equipment.
"He was applauded by Gabrielle Flammarion."
What kind of relationship did Dyakov have with France?
After all, since 1932 he was a full member of the French Astronomical Society and sent his works there. His favorite scientist was the French astronomer Camille Flammarion; he mastered French on his own so that his works could be read in the original, and he named his son after him. And in 1972 he predicted to the French harsh winter, and his forecast was completely confirmed. He had a dream - to visit France, to Flammarion’s grave, to meet his wife Gabrielle. And he still met her - but not in France, where he was not allowed, but in Moscow at the X Congress of the International Astronomical Union, back in 1958. Anatoly made a report there that, based on observing the Sun, it is possible to predict the weather with great accuracy, moreover, in a given area and for a specific period of time. Everyone applauded him then, and she too. She was already an old, old old lady. Now she is no longer alive.
Did any of the children continue their father's work? Does he have followers?
He hoped for Camille. After graduating from university, Camille remained to work at the Minsk Academy. His father invited him to visit him, and he came in 1978. He told Camille everything and gave him books to read. His son worked with him for eight years and without him for two years. He gave forecasts, but, of course, not like his father. He could not work according to his method in meteorology. He had an intuition, or something. It happened that he would come out onto the porch and immediately look: what kind of clouds, what kind of wind is coming from. On a sunny day he climbs into the tower and observes. When he left for Moscow, I made his observations in the tower. After his death in the 90s, the service was liquidated, the mine sold the telescope... And why do we need a weather station without forecasts? She wasn’t really needed with forecasts either. And all these years, even when we were once again closed, we gave forecasts and did not give up observations. We have accumulated observations since the forties. I still lead them now. There is no way to watch the sun, but I record the temperature. I know that it won’t be useful to anyone, but I’m doing it for myself. I'm most interested.
"My end has come..."
His birthday is November 7th. And on November 7, 1984, he fell ill. We gathered, the children all arrived. They started talking about science, about some scientist. And he suddenly forgot this scientist! And I couldn't remember. He and I went to spend the night in the old house. And here he is - oh yes oh - walking. "What's wrong with you? Does anything hurt?" - I ask. "No".
In the morning they called a doctor, who sent him for examination to Kaz. They decided that he urgently needed to be taken to Novokuznetsk. He was examined for a week and the conclusion was made: cerebral stroke. He didn't remember anyone, not even the children. And he recognized me: when I arrived at the hospital, he grabbed me: “Take me away from here, take me away quickly!” The next day he was discharged and we returned home. It used to be that I would come to his old house, in his “working office”, he would talk, talk incessantly, but here he was silent. He sits down, eats, lies down on the sofa. There is a shelf above the sofa, and books on the shelf. So he takes out one book, then another, rearranges them, but cannot read. I conduct observations and manage the housework. I’ll bring him something to eat: he’ll eat and he’ll lie down, he’ll eat and he’ll lie down.
The New Year has passed, February has arrived.
On February 15th in the morning I came and looked - he got up, got dressed, put on his shoes. I bring newspapers, he sits down and reads them. I was surprised: what is this, I think this has not happened since the very beginning of the disease, I probably recovered. I ask: “Tolya, do you remember our children?” And he: “Are you crazy? How come I don’t remember them?” “Well, tell me, what year was Valera born?” He named everyone, he knows everyone.
I sat down to read the newspapers. I'm glad, not glad, I left. I came back, and apparently he wanted to split a piece of wood, he took the ax, and it grabbed him again: “I,” he says, “immediately everything hurt.” I ran for the medicine, brought it, and it was lying on the floor. “Tolya, why are you sprawled on the floor? Did you fall or what?” - “No, I lay down - it’s hard...”.
I called Camille, he was at the station, on the mountain: “Camille, my father is bad!” He arrived right away - he skied down. He asks: “Dad, what’s wrong with you?” And he says: “Camille, my end has come, I’m dying.” I called an ambulance, the doctor arrived, let’s give him an injection, but he had never given an injection in his life. They persuaded him. Apparently, she felt better a little, and he started asking her about medicine. She was getting ready to see another patient, but he still wouldn’t let her go: sit, sit, sit. She left anyway, and 15 minutes later he felt ill. Heart stopped...
It was Friday, and I went to the mine in order to withdraw 600 rubles from my savings book before the weekend.
He died on the fifteenth at fifteen hours and fifteen minutes. All fifteen...
They were buried in the cold. It was probably twenty degrees, but the sun was shining brightly. There were a lot of people, they came from Kemerovo and Novokuznetsk. They carried him along Central Street, past the mine administration, and carried him in their arms to the very graves; they didn’t even put the coffin on the car. True, he asked to be buried not there, but on the top of the mountain, near the observatory, but who would allow it? And now this observatory no longer exists...
They buried me, everyone left, but I stayed. And I’ve been living like this for 13 years now...
Recorded by Olga SHCHUKINA.
