Reserves and national parks of Kuzbass. Flora, fauna and the best sights of natural reserves and national parks of the Kemerovo region

01/08/2020, Wednesday: Entering the year of the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, I want to return to the first post-war years. For example, look into the year 1948, on the pages of the newspaper "Kuzbass" of the victorious May. In the issue of May 9, on page 3, we find a large article - for a whole "basement" - "YOUNG VOICES OF KUZBASS" - about the rapid growth and development of literature in a country that has just (three years ago) ended the war and in our industrial region. The author of the article is a recent front-line soldier, journalist and poet Aleksey Kosar. And on the first page (strip) - a poem by Ivan Sokol, whose name is mentioned in this article - "To a front-line friend." And here's what's interesting: among the names of young, beginners, we will meet the familiar name Mikhail Nebogatov. And back in 1946, he himself was already doing a review article reflecting on the work of beginners like him: in the issue of August 25, a large article was published entitled "On the work of beginning poets." Wasn’t it then that “the All-Kuzbass teacher of poetry” Mikhail Nebogatov was “born”, who for many years became the “Dean of the Faculty of Young Writers”? .. Let's read the article by A. Kosar, and then the poem by I. Sokol, in order to plunge into that distant time, to feel it breath, to feel how, in what atmosphere our Kuzbass literature was born, who, as they say, stood at its origins ... YOUNG VOICES OF KUZBASS into a storehouse of untold riches. The heart of the renewed Siberia - the Kuznetsk basin - has become so powerful that its life-giving beat is felt by the entire vast Motherland. Kuznetsk coal in years Patriotic War fed almost all the factories of the country, Kuznetsk steel rumbled in all battles from Stalingrad to Berlin. In the post-war period, the Motherland draws a lot from Kuzbass to restore the economy and march victoriously towards communism. The vivid socialist reality contributes to the rapid growth and development of Soviet literature. There are many new names on the pages of newspapers and magazines. The best of the young poets Nikolai Gribachev, Alexei Nedogonov, Maxim Tank were awarded the Stalin Prize. Literary associations are organized in the territories and regions, literary and artistic almanacs are being created. What do the beginning poets of Kuzbass write about? The Motherland occupies a central place in the works of beginning poets. The best feelings and thoughts are dedicated to her. Storming the trenches, sweeping away barriers, Sleeping in the January cold in the snow, Walking through a downpour of lead hail, We carried our native word in our hearts. That word warmed us in the cold in winter, It illuminated our path like a faithful beacon,” writes Semyon Akishev from Leninsk-Kuznetsky. Ivan Melikh from Stalinsk (now Novokuznetsk. - Note by N. Inyakina) has something in common with him: - We went through many front-line roads with battles on the offensive ... And I could not forget about her Neither in reality nor in a dream. The creative face of many young poets began to take shape during the Great Patriotic War. Their poems tell about Soviet people who did not spare their lives for the sake of saving their Motherland. Soviet people are connected with their Motherland with their whole being. He owes her his growth and flowering of creative powers. “The Fatherland raised us, Instilled courage and faith, And we, the sons of a happy era, Saved the Fatherland in a terrible hour,” writes Klykov from Anzhero-Sudzhensk. In the most difficult moments of life and in the happiest time, we turned to the Motherland. Bocharov in the poem "Two Names" writes: - This steppe, that the enemy has not passed, We, like a woman, began to call, For with a bright name - Motherland, Another is blood-fused - Mother. Love for the Motherland among our people is inextricably linked with concerns about its well-being, about its growth. Nebogatov speaks simply and sincerely about this in the final lines of his poem: “We serve her as a bayonet and a line, a modest feat of our whole life.” After the end of the Patriotic War, our people took up the restoration of the economy destroyed by the enemy. This could not go unnoticed by the young poet. - Reviving the destroyed And re-erecting the buildings, The Fatherland from edge to edge Dressed in concrete and scaffolding, - says Ivan Melih. Vasily Afanasiev from Stalinsk returns to his thoughts about the Motherland again and again: - You live and stand like an eternity, Immortal forces are melting, I am faithful to you flawlessly, My dear, my Russia! We got the opportunity to return to peaceful work and continue to build our happiness. But we know the price of victory. Konstantin Branchukov from Kemerovo says: - Conquered by blood, Life, sweat and labor, We have saved and will save with great love. Love for the Motherland and love for the dear, close person merge together in a poem by Vasily Afanasyev. The life of a Soviet person is unthinkable outside of his activity. Therefore, it is natural that the labor theme occupies a lot of space in the poems of young poets. Ivan Melih wishes good luck to the builders hometown : - Let the corps and construction sites of the five-year plans, Being born, prop up the sky, We, fulfilling Lenin's precepts, We follow the wise Stalin forward. Konstantin Branchukov strives to convey in his poems the labor impulse that raises our people to new feats: - Look how it grows, flourishing, Our Motherland is a golden land. The song is pouring, calling, without ceasing, Us to work and to a great feat. Melih is looking for material for his poems in Kuzbass, in a family of coal miners. - It is not for nothing that along the lavas and drifts, Like the songs of the native word, There is a well-deserved rumor about a simple person. Let everything bypass the faces And, breaking out on the mountain, She will tell about the heroes, About the coal miners-masters. The merits of the city of coal and metal find their echo in the poems of young poets. Gerasimov writes about Stalinsk: - Here my great-grandfather mined ore, Here both my grandfather and my father worked, Today I smelt metal here. Viktor Ankud draws an ordinary builder: - With a planer, an ax, a saw, He is always at the construction site, His skillful hand Built a residential house, Palaces and cities. The feeling of joy that seized the people of free labor fills the poems of Ivan Sokol: - How many new forces are being born! All the burdens are on their shoulders today ... The pathos of the construction of the post-war Stalinist five-year plan gives rise to the sonorous lines of Vasily Afanasyev: - And my heart wants, friends, And the body with every cell, So that the five-year plan thunders with a living fire of grief. In it, fortunately, the closest path ... The topics of the five-year plan should, above all, excite our young poets. The theme of labor is developed in their poems: Efimov, Melih, Gerasimov, Zamyatina Nebogatov, Sokol, Klyuchnikov. We must follow the best works of Soviet poets and tell people in our poems about themselves, about their views, about their psychology, about their thoughts and deeds, to show a thinking, active person. This is exactly what most of the beginning poets of Kuzbass lack. Many poems are characterized by petty feelings, attention to the side lines of life, to random impressions. Involuntarily, it seems that many of our novice poets are not connected with life, that they think only about personal affairs, are busy with personal memories, that they do not take their work seriously. The authors of such poems would like to recall the words of Mayakovsky: “Now everyone writes and very well. You tell me whether you made of your poems or tried to make a weapon of a class, a weapon of revolution. And even if you have stumbled on this matter, then it is much more honorable than repeating well: “My soul is full of anguish, and the night is so moonlit.” After the resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the magazines Zvezda and Leningrad, it became clear to everyone that lack of ideas in poetry could lead to best case into the bog. “Ideology is the main nerve, the soul of art. Only an artist who stands at the level of the advanced ideas of his time can create truly great works of art", - wrote the newspaper "Culture and Life". We should not forget about the idea when we write any poem. But, remembering the idea, we must concretely represent it to ourselves. The poet should enrich people with his artistic understanding of reality, and not just retell the well-known truths, as many of the beginners do. We must reveal the image of our Soviet man. And literary youth allows us, more than anyone else, to dare, to try. Setting as our goal to create an image of our contemporary, one cannot do without showing his life and his activities. General words will not help here. “Every feeling,” Belinsky said, “and every thought must be expressed figuratively in order to be poetic.” And further: “Facts are nothing, and mere knowledge of facts is also nothing. It's all about understanding the meaning of the facts, how the writer translates the fact into an idea." Unfortunately, many of us do not adhere to this wise advice. But in fighting for the high ideological content of our works, we must remember that no matter how flawless a work is ideologically, it is inferior if its artistic qualities are low. Poetry is the most difficult of all possible occupations - the same "extraction of radium, you exhaust, for the sake of a single word, thousands of tons of verbal ore." We will be able to create poetic works worthy of Kuzbass, our Soviet era, only if we sharpen our poems word by word, line by line. Beginning poets after the regional conference should reconsider their attitude to our reality and work on poems that would reflect the greatness of Kuzbass and its rapid movement towards a new flourishing. We must create a song about Kuzbass, which is expected from us by miners, metallurgists, chemists - all the working people of our region. A. KOSAR // Kuzbass. - 1948. - May 9. - P. 3. TO A FRONT FRIEND We were related by military paths, You and I, like brothers, We dug our trenches nearby: It was death for us to stand with you. There was a lead blizzard. A Siberian gave a hand to a southerner... Who is warmer than a front-line friend Could warm separation in the trenches? We shared the last cracker, We had a bowler hat for two, And we were sad about the house together At one o'clock at night under the cloth of our overcoat. Our unfamiliar mothers were waiting for us at home in the same way. Each had no son more beautiful - We came to life in front of them in a letter. All trench hardships, needs We endured in heat and frost, And this great friendship Was not broken by military thunderstorms. We returned to our home: You - to plow open spaces of arable land, I - to the bends of the streets of acquaintances, To my young Siberian city. Farmers and miners, We are the builders of a new life. And in the battle for the flourishing of the Fatherland Again, our trenches are nearby. I. SOKOL // Kuzbass. - 1948. - May 9. - P. 1. In the pictures: an article in a newspaper issue and the front page with Ivan Sokol's poem "To a Front-line Friend" (reference: Ivan Andreevich Sokol - 1923-1984. Journalist. Member of the Great Patriotic War. After demobilization, he worked as a literary employee of the Regional Radio. In 1952 Graduated from the Faculty of Literature of Tomsk Pedagogical Institute. Since 1959, he worked as an executive editor of KST - the Kemerovo television studio. From 1962 to 1984 - Chief Editor regional radio); newspaper strip with an article by M. Nebogatov.

Reserves of Kuzbass

The presentation was made by

primary school teacher

MBOU "Secondary School No. 34", Kemerovo

Zonova Irina Anatolyevna

Kemerovo region is located in the southern part Western Siberia, formed on January 26, 1943.

The area is 95.7 thousand square meters. kilometers, population 2885 thousand people.

But a person does not always value, mercilessly uses and cares little about the preservation of these riches.

Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in the Kuzbass.

On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: a reserve federal significance"Kuznetsk Alatau" national park"Shorsky", historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomsk Pisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves.

"Tomskaya Pisanitsa"

Kuznetsk Alatau

Shorsky Park

Reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau"

Altai mountains

Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur Altai mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tyskyls. These tyskyls rise above the border of the forests.

"Alatau" in translation from the Turkic language means "Motley Mountains". This name accurately reflects the first impression of bright colors Kuznetsky Alatau.

The terrain is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. Meet alpine meadows and reservoirs.

In the reserve are the origins largest tributaries Ob - rivers Tom and Chulym.

Most of reserve Kuznetsk Alatau is covered with mountain taiga forests fir, spruce and cedar pine Siberian.

cedar pine

Siberian

In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve.

In the reserve there are 41 species of little-studied and rare birds, whose number is gradually decreasing.

Typical settled inhabitants of the taiga are capercaillie, nutcracker, jay, kuksha, nuthatch and others.

The fish fauna of the reserve consists of 13 species. IN mountain rivers Siberian grayling and taimen live.

In slowly flowing waters - pike, perch and burbot.

In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two species have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the common toad and the moored frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles in the Kemerovo region, only two have been found so far within the reserve - the viviparous lizard and the common viper.

Shorsky National Park

The Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of the Decree of the Soviet Government of December 27, 1989.

The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagol district.

The length of the territory of the national park from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

"Royal Gates" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the river Mrassu. The rocks have a height of 100 meters and drop steeply into the water.

They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tint. In cloudy weather, they become gloomy gray with a purple tint.

Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! Strong, original and talented Shor people have been living here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection.

For this, the Shorsky State Natural National Park was created.

Part II. SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

Section 2. STATE NATURE RESERVES OF THE KEMEROVSK REGION

Decree of the Collegium of the Administration of the Kemerovo Region dated October 14, 2009 No. 412

"On State Nature Reserves of the Kemerovo Region" the validity period of the existing state nature reserves of the Kemerovo Region has been extended. As of December 31, 2009, there were 12 state nature reserves of regional significance in the Kemerovo region, intended to restore the number of game animals (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

State natural reserves of the Kemerovo region

p/p	Name of the state order	Location (administrative region)	Main protected species	Area, ha.
				Total	including
				Total	wooded	occupied by grassy ecosystems	busy water bodies
	Antibessky	Izhmorsky, Mariinsky, Chebulinsky	Beaver, roe deer	47738,7	34696	9781	121,8
	Barzassky	Kemerovo	Beaver	62469,4	58967,9	2108,3	197,0
	Belsinsky	Mezhdurechensky	Sable, maral, reindeer	77334	69563
	Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky	Krapivinsky, Belovsky	Comprehensive species protection	63378	48890,9	11900,1	342,1
	Gorskinsky	Guryevsky	Capercaillie	12980,3	4921,9	4022,6	57,5
	Chinese	Yaya	beaver, moose	47951,1	30126,27	16360,4	193,12
	Nizhne-Tomsky	Yurginsky	Elk, roe deer	28485,5	15825,2	9786,1	593,8
	Written	Yashkinsky, Kemerovo	Elk	29415,5	18887,8	9406,8	323,9
	Saltymakovskiy	Krapivinsky	Elk	31795,4	28077	2581
	Salairsky	Industrialovsky, Guryevsky	Elk, capercaillie	38169	32116,2	2407,3	62,9
	Razdolny	Yurginsky, Topkinsky	Roe deer, moose	14118,6	6227	6505
	Chumaisk-Irkutyanovsky	Chebulinsky, Tisulsky	Maral	23897,1	22571,2	991,5	145,8
Total:				477732,6	370870,4	76483,1	2383,92

2.1. Reformation regional system protected areas

The total area of protected areas in the Kemerovo Region is 1,315,505.6 hectares, which is one of the highest rates in Russia. However, despite this, the existing system of protected areas is not effective enough to preserve natural complexes and maintaining the normal functioning of the components natural environment. Protected areas of federal significance, occupying 60% of the total area of protected areas, have a relatively low impact on the restoration of the air basin of the Kemerovo region. Due to the fact that they are geographically located in the east and southeast of the region, in the conditions of the predominance of the western transfer of air masses, they have a greater impact on the Republic of Khakassia than on the Kemerovo region. The established migration routes of ungulates show that the wintering areas of roe deer, elks, marals are located outside the region - in the Republic of Khakassia. The state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region provide only protection of hunting and commercial species of animals.

Specially protected natural areas of the Kemerovo region currently represent isolated and semi-isolated areas of nature of varying degrees of preservation, which are not interconnected, and, therefore, are not a normally functioning system of protected areas. The existing specially protected natural territories do not cover many landscapes of the Kemerovo region. The protection of landscapes of the steppe and southern taiga (sub)types is completely absent; landscapes of subtaiga, forest-steppe, foothill light-coniferous mountain-taiga types and taiga-forest-steppe type of light-coniferous-birch forests can be traced only on the territory of zoological reserves. The protection of swamps is actually carried out only in the territory of protected areas of federal significance, which include only swamps of middle and high mountains, swamps of the flat territory ( unique complex Shestakovsky swamps) are left without protection. Therefore, there is a need to establish integrated protection or organize new protected areas for the protection of these types of landscapes.

2.2. State nature reserve"Antibessky"

Reserve "Antibessky" is located in forest-steppe zone northern part of the region on the territory of the Izhmorsky, Mariinsky and Chebulinsky districts (Fig. 2.1). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Letyazhka, Izhmorsky district. Its area is 47738.7 hectares. The reserve got its name from the Antibes River, in the basin of which it is located.

The reserve was created in order to protect and reproduce the beaver. The territory of the reserve is characterized by a hilly-ridged relief with wide marshy valleys of small streams and rivers. Thickets of willow and aspen grow abundantly along the banks of the rivers. This allowed in 1960 to release in the river. Antibes and its tributaries are beavers, which are well established.

Rice. 2.1. Grass-forb meadow of the Antibessky reserve

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Antibessky", conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve's vertebrates is typical of the flat taiga in the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau and is represented by 235 species of vertebrates, of which 1 lamprey species, 18 fish species, 2 amphibian species, 4 reptile species, 158 bird species and 52 mammal species.

Of the total composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 14 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The flora of the reserve includes 566 species of higher vascular plants. Bryophytes growing on the territory of the reserve are not well studied. The Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 13 plant species.

The territory of the reserve "Antibessky" is of considerable interest as an object of biodiversity conservation in the Kemerovo region. In the northwestern part of the reserve, the complex of Antibes marshes extends. Bog ecosystems of this type and scale are unique for the Kemerovo region, they include a large number of representatives of the orchid family, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.3. State natural reserve "Barzassky"

The reserve is located in the low-mountain taiga in the north of the region on the territory of the Kemerovo district and covers part of the Barzas river basin, from which it got its name (Fig. 2.2). The reserve covers an area of 62469.4 hectares. It was created for the purpose of breeding the river beaver in the Kemerovo region (Barzas river basin). From the territory of the reserve, beavers actively settle in the surrounding lands and currently do not need special protection measures.

The territory of the reserve has a hilly relief and is covered with fir-aspen taiga. Cedar is found in the composition of tree plantations. Significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests on the site of old clearings and burnt areas. Numerous network of rivers and streams with willow thickets creates favorable conditions for beavers to live. Along with beavers, elk, roe deer, capercaillie and black grouse live in the reserve; Brown bear, mink, Siberian weasel, otter, sable, squirrel, etc. However, in recent years, the number of bear, elk and sable has been declining.

Rice. 2.2. Dark coniferous forest on the banks of the river. Barzas

A comprehensive environmental survey conducted in 2006 on the territory of the state natural reserve "Barzassky" showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 226 species of vertebrates, which is 46.1% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish - 13 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 2 species, birds - 154 species, mammals - 52 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 261 species of higher vascular plants and 28 species of bryophytes.

Among plants and animals, a large number of species are of economic and environmental importance: 10 species of plants and 18 species of animals found on the territory of the Barzassky reserve are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region; 3 species of birds - in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.4. Belsinsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve is located on the territory of the Mezhdurechensky district in the basin of the river. Belsu on the western slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Fig. 2.3). Its area is 77334 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in Mezhdurechensk. The relief of the reserve is mountainous, the maximum heights reach 2178 m above sea level. The reserve is located in the mid-mountain belt of dark coniferous taiga with a predominance of fir and cedar.

Rice. 2.3. Dark coniferous forest on the banks of the river. Belsu

The reserve "Belsinsky" was created in order to protect and reproduce sable, but a complex of game animals is subject to protection in it, since migration routes of ungulates, mainly deer and roe deer, pass here; there is an elk and a reindeer.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Belsinsky state nature reserve, conducted in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity. At the same time, a significant number of valuable and rare species plants and animals.

The fauna of the reserve is quite diverse, the main hunting and commercial species are especially well represented. All kinds of ungulates and predators living in the Kemerovo region can be found here without exception. The abundant forage base attracts sable, otter, mink and other valuable game animals here. The reindeer lives on the slopes of the mountains bordering the valley of the river. Bels. Are found in the river valuable species fish: taimen, uskuch, grayling, etc. However, in terms of the biological diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates, it does not fundamentally stand out against the background of the mountain-taiga territories of the Kemerovo region, 164 species of vertebrates live here, including 14 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 1 species reptiles, 99 bird species and 46 mammal species.

The flora of the reserve "Belsinsky" includes 345 species of vascular plants belonging to 216 genera, 60 families. The most rich in species composition are the following families: Asteraceae, Bluegrass, Rosaceae, Sedge, Clove, Ranunculaceae, Celery, Legumes, Norichnikovye.

18 species of plants, 4 species of animals, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The reserve "Belsinsky" together with the reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau" performs an important function of preserving mountain and taiga ecosystems, as well as certain species of rare and economically valuable plants and animals.

2.5. State natural reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky"

The reserve "Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky" is located on the left bank of the river. Tom in the Belovsky and Krapivinsky districts (Fig. 2.4). Its area is 63378 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The river flows along the eastern border of the reserve. Bungarap, along the southwestern - r. Inya, along the western - r. Mungat, Taradanovsky ridge is located in the center.

Rice. 2.4. The border of the Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve along the river. Tom

The reserve was created in order to protect and reproduce the beaver. At present, beavers have mastered the valleys of taiga rivers and began to settle outside the reserve. On the territory of the reserve there is one of the largest winter camps for elk in the region.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky", conducted in 2007, showed that the richness of flora and fauna is determined by the location of the reserve on the border of three landscape formations - floodplain-valley landscapes (the Tom River, the Inya River), the forest-steppes of the Kuznetsk depressions and mountain dark coniferous forests of the Kuznetsk Alatau. Therefore, species belonging to different ecological and geographical complexes are combined on the territory of the reserve. The fauna of the reserve is represented by 304 species of vertebrates, including 1 species of lamprey, 23 species of fish, 3 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 216 species of birds and 56 species of mammals. The easternmost and the only population of the common newt in Kuzbass lives on the territory of the reserve. A special place is occupied game animals and birds. On the territory of the reserve, these species are diverse and quite numerous. Among the hunting species there are almost all representatives of the commercial fauna of the Kemerovo region. Due to the inaccessibility of most parts of the reserve, the presence of diverse and sufficient habitats, good conditions have been created for the reproduction of most hunting species: mink, beaver, muskrat, column, bear, upland and waterfowl.

Of the variety of animals recorded in the reserve, 46 species of vertebrates and 5 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region. For a number of species (newt, snake, peregrine falcon), the territory of the reserve is the only place where stable and relatively numerous populations exist.

656 species grow on the territory of the reserve. higher plants belonging to 100 families. The most rich in species composition are the families Compositae - 71 species, Cereals (Poa grasses) - 55 species, Legumes and Ranunculaceae - 34 species each, Rosaceae - 33 species, Umbelliferae and Sedge 23 species each, Carnation 22 species. 28 species of rare plants included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region have been registered.

2.6. State natural reserve "Gorskinsky"

The Gorskinsky nature reserve is located in the Guryev district in the foothills of the Salair Ridge and has a hilly terrain. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Kochkurovka, Guryevsky district. The main watercourses are the Biryulya and Ur rivers. Its area is 12980.3 hectares. The main forest-forming species is pine. Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forest-steppes and shrubs (Fig. 2.5). Pine forests with numerous fields and meadows attract roe deer, elk and other valuable game animals to the reserve.

Rice. 2.5. Forest-steppes of the Gorskinsky reserve

The original purpose of the reserve is the protection of wood grouse. In the future, the Gorskinsky reserve was defined according to its profile as a complex zoological one, where capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and partridge are subject to protection.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the reserve, conducted in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is characterized by increased biological diversity, which is explained by the large mosaic nature of biotopes in a relatively small area.

The fauna of the reserve is quite rich: 183 species of vertebrates live here, including 13 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 118 species of birds and 47 species of mammals. On the territory of the reserve there are 5 rare species of animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve includes 612 species belonging to 87 families and 327 genera. The largest families of flora are: Asteraceae - 76 species, Cereals - 58 species, Legumes - 36 species, Rosaceae - 35 species, Cabbage - 30 species, Ranunculaceae - 28 species, Sedge - 26 species and others. The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve contains 18 species included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.7. State natural reserve "Kitatsky"

The Kitatsky reserve is located in the northern part of the Kemerovo region, on the territory of the Yaya district, its area is 47951.1 hectares, the relief is flat. The main rivers on the territory of the reserve are Kitat, Katat, Kuerbak (Fig. 2.6). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Ulanovka.

Rice. 2.6. Communities of aquatic plants of the river. Chinat

The composition of tree plantations is dominated by dark coniferous species (fir, cedar), significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests in clearings and burnt areas. More than a third of the territory of the reserve is occupied by open forest-steppe areas where agricultural production is carried out.

The main task of the reserve is to preserve and ensure the reproduction of the beaver, the number of which has stabilized at the optimal level. The functional status of the reserve is determined by the abundance of semi-aquatic mammal species (mink, otter, beaver, muskrat) inhabiting the Kuerbak and Kitat rivers. Of these, the only protected species is the otter.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Kitatsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The vertebrate fauna is typical of the lowland taiga. West Siberian Plain. According to preliminary data, 233 species of vertebrates live here, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 156 species of birds and 52 species of mammals. The list of protected species of the Kemerovo region includes 10 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects. For the north of the Kemerovo region, the fauna of the reserve is not unique in terms of species composition and the presence of protected species. It is typical of the southern lowland taiga and subtaiga (birch) forests. Many species of commercial fauna are classified as common or rare (fox, sable, Siberian weasel, ermine, polecat, gray partridge). The reserve has lost its significance as a winter stopover for elk or roe deer, because their numbers are rather low.

In total, 366 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 67 families have been recorded on the territory of the reserve. The most rich in species composition are the families Compositae - 35 species, Cereals (Poa grasses) - 34 species, Rosaceae - 27 species. Only 2 species of rare and protected plants included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region have been noted on the territory of the reserve.

2.8. Nizhne-Tomsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northwestern part of the Kemerovo region - in the Yurginsky district. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makurino. Its area is 28485.5 hectares. The relief of the reserve is a slightly wavy flat plain, cut in the central part by a wide valley of the river. Tom, with a large number of floodplain lakes (Fig. 2.7). Significant areas of the reserve are occupied by coniferous forests, among which pine is more common, less often - fir, spruce and cedar. Open forest-steppe areas (more than a third of the territory of the reserve) have been developed for agricultural land. Numerous aspen-birch pegs are a convenient habitat for Siberian roe deer and elk.

The purpose of the reserve is the comprehensive protection of the animal world, including elk, roe deer, capercaillie, black grouse and partridge.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Nizhne-Tomsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. The vast majority of rare species are concentrated in a limited eastern part of the reserve - in the floodplain of the river. Tom.

On the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve, 272 species of vertebrates were found, which is 56.2% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish - 23 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 4 species, birds - 196 species, mammals - 47 species.

The fauna of the reserve contains 20 species of vertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 12 species, mammals - 4 species. Of the vertebrates living on the territory of the reserve, the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds and 1 species of mammals.

Fig 2.7. General form Nizhne-Tomsky reserve in the area of Varyukhinskaya kurya

The flora of higher vascular plants of the Nizhne-Tomsk Reserve includes 662 species belonging to 339 genera and 92 families. Spore plants include 18 species, of which 11 species are ferns. The most numerous in terms of the number of species of the family are: Compositae - 85 species, Cereals (Bluegrass) - 50 species, Sedge - 38 species, Rosaceae and Legumes - 35 species each, Cruciferous - 32 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 22 plant species found on the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve.

2.9. State natural reserve "Pisaniy"

The reserve is located in the northwestern part of the region, in the forest-steppe part of the Yashkinsky and Kemerovo regions on the right bank of the river. Tom in the lower part of the river basin. Written (Fig. 2.8). Its area is 29415.5 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Pacha of the Yashkinsky district. The relief of the reserve is a hilly plain, heavily dissected by ravines. Among the massifs of aspen-birch forests there are pine and cedar forests. The "Pisaniy" reserve is complex. In the reserve, a protective regime has been established for elk, roe deer, otter, black grouse, hazel grouse, ordinary column, hare, squirrel, fox, mink and lynx.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Pisaniy", conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. Largest number rare species have been noted along the Tom River and in the vicinity of the Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve.

Rice. 2.8. Right root bank of the river. Tom reserve "Pisaniy"

The fauna of the "Pisaniy" reserve is represented by 258 species of vertebrates (53.3% of the fauna of the region), including: fish - 18 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 188 species, mammals - 45 species.

Fauna of the reserve and nearby adjacent territories includes 30 animal species listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 21 species, mammals - 5 species.

The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 2 species.

The fauna of invertebrates of the "Pisaniy" reserve has been studied in fragments. Research concerns only rare species. In total, 4 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted, including hymenoptera - 2 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Pisany Reserve contains 6 species of invertebrates - candidates for the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of declining species (category A) and stable species (category B), of which dragonflies - 1 species, hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 4 species. Provided that the habitats are preserved, their numbers can be restored.

When assessing the significance of the reserve, it should be taken into account that most of the rare birds stay on the territory of the reserve temporarily, during migrations and flights. Many of them are waterfowl.

The flora of the reserve includes 615 species of higher vascular plants, of which 20 plant species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.10. Razdolny State Nature Reserve

The Razdolny nature reserve is located on the territory of the Yurginsky and Topkinsky districts. Its area is 14118.6 hectares. The relief of the reserve is hilly. The rivers Iskitim and Kamenka originate on the territory of the reserve.

The main type of vegetation is forest-steppe, swampy in places (Fig. 2.9). Birch-aspen pegs sometimes form quite large arrays. In addition, there are several isolated pine forests. Steppe areas, which occupy almost half of the territory of the reserve, are used for Agriculture. The reserve is located in a densely populated area with a well-developed network of roads. There are no settlements within the territory of the reserve, but there are quite a lot of them along its borders.

The Razdolny nature reserve is complex, but its main purpose is to protect moose and roe deer in the winter camp.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Razdolny", conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

Fig.2.9. Rogozovo-forb bog on the territory of the reserve "Razdolny"

The fauna of the reserve is typical for the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin. The absence of large reservoirs on the territory of the reserve explains the relative poverty of the vertebrate fauna. According to preliminary data, 188 species of vertebrates live here, including 9 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 130 species of birds and 44 species of mammals.

Of the total composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 5 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

495 species of plants belonging to 82 families grow on the territory of the reserve. The families of Compositae (60 species) and Cereals (Meatlikovye) are the richest in species composition - 43 species. 6 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.11. Salairsky State Nature Reserve

The Salairsky reserve is located on the northeastern tip of the foothills of the Salair Ridge in the Promyshlennovsky and Guryevsky districts. Its area is 35449 hectares. The center of the reserve - with. Zhuravlevo Promyshlenny district. The reserve is located in the foothills of the Salair Ridge (Fig. 2.10). The main watercourses are the rivers Istok, Chebura, Kasma.

The forests are represented mainly by fir-aspen taiga, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen undergrowth in overgrown clearings and burnt areas. Insignificant areas of open forest-steppe areas are used for agriculture. The "Salairsky" reserve was created as a species reserve in order to protect and reproduce the elk.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Salairsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that, despite the long history of development of the ridge, the vegetation cover still contains significant areas of natural intact vegetation, fragmented areas of which are scattered throughout the ridge. On the territory of the Salairsky reserve, various plant communities are represented: steppe, forest, meadow, swamp, near-water, which suggests the presence of rich flora and fauna.

Rice. 2.10. Steppe communities on rocky outcrops

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 241 species of vertebrates (49.8% of the fauna of the region), including: fish - 9 species, amphibians and reptiles - 6 species, birds - 170 species, mammals - 56 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 26 species of vertebrates, of which: birds - 19 species, mammals - 7 species (only the bats), the Appendix of the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 1 species of amphibians, 3 species of birds and 2 species of mammals.

On the territory of the reserve, 11 species of invertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region were noted, of which: dragonflies - 3 species, hemipterans - 1 species, hymenoptera - 5 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Salair Reserve contains 4 species included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region, which have the status of endangered species (category A) and stable species (category B).

The floristic diversity of the study area is 682 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 95 families and 343 genera. Vascular spore plants (horsetails, ferns) are represented by 24 species, including 15 species of ferns. The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 27 plant species.

2.12. Saltymakovskiy State Nature Reserve

The Saltymakovskiy reserve is located on the territory of the Krapivinskiy district. Its territory covers part of the river basin. Taidon and a significant part of the Saltymakov Range. In the low mountains of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge, the reserve borders on the protected zone of the state nature reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau". Its area is 31,795.4 hectares, the relief of the territory is low-mountainous, the maximum heights reach 720 m above sea level (Fig. 2.11). The main watercourses are the Taydon and Ilmen rivers. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The Saltymakovskiy reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of the elk. Dark coniferous taiga (fir and cedar) prevails, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen low forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Saltymakovskiy State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is rich, diverse and of considerable interest from the point of view of practical solutions to the problems of biological diversity conservation.

Rice. 2.11. General view of the Saltymakovskiy Reserve

The fauna of the reserve contains 262 species of vertebrates (54.1% of the fauna of the region), including cyclostomes - 1 species, fish - 20 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 184 species, mammals - 50 species.

On the territory of the reserve there are 37 species of vertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 26 species, mammals - 7 species. The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 3 species.

On the territory of the Saltymakovskiy reserve, 4 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted. The Red Book Appendix includes 4 species of invertebrates: dragonflies - 1 species, Hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 2 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 564 species of higher vascular plants, of which 23 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.13. Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve "Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky" is located on the territory of the Tisulsky and Chebulinsky districts. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makaraksky, Tisulsky district. Its area is 23897.1 hectares. The territory of the reserve has a low-mountain relief and is drained by the river system. Kiya with a tributary of the river. Casing (Fig. 2.12). Little rainfall in winter time(up to 200 mm), leads to the formation of a thin snow cover, which attracts deer and roe deer from all surrounding areas for wintering.

Rice. 2.12. River valley kiya

Comprehensive environmental survey conducted on the territory of the state nature reserve

"Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky" in 2007 showed that the flora and fauna of the reserve are diverse. This is determined by its location at the junction of the forest-steppe regions of the north-east of the region and the mountain-taiga territories of the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

There are 255 species of vertebrates on the territory of the reserve, of which 1 species of lamprey, 22 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 171 species of birds and 55 species of mammals. The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 18 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects.

The flora of the reserve is represented by 403 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 73 families. The dominant position is occupied by flowering plants - 378 species. The most rich in species composition are the families of Compositae - 45 species, Cereals (Poat grasses) - 32 species, Rosaceae - 26 species, Legumes - 23 species. In the flora of the reserve, 20 species of rare plants listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region with different status of protection were identified, of which 4 species are the large-flowered slipper (Cypripedium macranthon), the nest flower (Neottianthe cucullata), the helmeted orchis (Orchis militaris) and the leafless chin (Epipogium aphyllum) are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

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Reserves are plots of land or water that are protected by the state and removed from economic use. Reserves are formed in order to preserve the flora and fauna characteristic of the area. Reserves are strictly protected, unauthorized visits are prohibited.

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Kemerovo region - subject Russian Federation. It is part of the Siberian Federal District, formed on January 26, 1943 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Area - 95,725 km². The administrative center of the region is the city of Kemerovo

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The Kemerovo region is located in the southeast of Western Siberia and is located almost at an equal distance from the western and eastern borders of Russia. Natural resources area, its flora and fauna are huge and varied. But a person does not always value, mercilessly uses and cares little about the preservation of these riches. Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in Kuzbass

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On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the reserve of federal significance "Kuznetsk Alatau", the national park "Shorsky", the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomsk Pisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves.

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Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tyskyls. These tyskyls rise above the border of the forests. "Alatau" in translation from the Turkic language means "Motley Mountains". This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

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The Kuznetsky Alatau State Nature Reserve was established on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The relief of the territory is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and reservoirs.

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Kuznetsk Alatau - the most beautiful place in the Kemerovo region

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The forests of Mountain Shoria are famous all over the world - many even call them the second Alps. Forests consist of unique plants and trees - Siberian fir, aspen, spruce, pine and birch. woodlands remain intact and preserved in their original form. Shorsky National Park boasts rare plants- the large-flowered lady's slipper, Siberian kandyk, pink radiola grow here. Currently, about twenty species of unique endangered plants have been registered in the park. The fauna of the reserve is also interesting - there are Siberian mole, ermine, weasel, American mink, wolverine, elk, lynx and other mammals. The avifauna of the Shorsky park is represented by 108 species, among them there are black stork, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, osprey, which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. More than 70 natural attractions are described on the territory of the park - the Marble Rocks waterfalls, the Mras river valley with caves, Kul-Taiga with a mountain lake.

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The park was created with the aim of preserving the unique areas of growth of cedar, black taiga in Gornaya Shoriya, as well as preserving cultural heritage indigenous Shor ethnicity

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"Tomskaya Pisanitsa" - an open-air museum-reserve

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educational hour The Kemerovo Region is located in the southern part of Western Siberia. On the territory of the region there is a state natural reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau".

It was established in 1989 and is located in the highest part of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge on the territory of Tisulsky, Novokuznetsky and Mezhdurechensky districts.
Kuznetsk Alatau (from the Turkic language "motley mountains") is a highland in the south of Western Siberia, about 300 km long, the highest height is 2211 m.
The purpose of the creation of the reserve is the protection of slightly disturbed forest ecosystems, as well as the protection of the reindeer population.

The place on the banks of the Kiya in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region is the only "cemetery of dinosaurs" in our country.
In the vicinity of the village of Shestako-vo on the right bank of the river, a huge number of bones of animals that inhabited the earth more than 130 mln years ago are hidden underground.

Here was found the skeleton of a dinosaur, which was named "Psittacosaurus sibirikus". This is a small two-meter dinosaur with unusual shape head and beak like a parrot.
Fifty million years ago, the climate of Siberia was much warmer, and the vegetation was very different from the modern one.
Instead of the taiga, heat-loving forests of beech, alder, linden, maple, oak and walnut.
Deciduous forests were noisy even where the tundra now stretches.
The remnant of this in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin is "Lime Island" - a patch of lindens preserved among the world of coniferous vegetation alien to them.

The first people appeared on the territory of the Kemerovo region
400 thousand years ago. They could make from natural material
(stone, bone, wood) tools. The inhabitants of the Stone Age hunted, fished, gathered fruits and roots.

A real ancient stone treasure was found near the village of Kuzedeevo.
At that time, the nature of Kuzbass was completely different. Here lived: Siberian woolly rhinos, cave bears, mammoths. The remains of mammoths are often found in the Belovsky, Guryevsky and Prokopevsky regions.
These animals were huge: the weight of a mammoth could reach six tons!

Mammoth

cave bear

woolly rhinoceros

Five thousand years ago, people who lived in our region began to make the first metal products (copper, bronze), mastered the technique of smelting.
Traces of ancient metallurgy were found by archaeologists on Lake Tanai (Promyshlennovsky district).

Metal melting

bronze ingot

Lake Tanay

The most interesting monuments of our region of the Bronze Age are petroglyphs - rock paintings of ancient people.
Ancient people loved to depict animals, hunting scenes, and often painted the sun.
All pisanitsy are located along the banks of the Tom.
The largest is the world famous 60 km from Kemerovo.
More than two and a half thousand years ago, the age of iron begins.
Weapons and tools began to be made mainly from it, since iron ores are more common than copper ones.
The skill and craftsmanship of people has grown significantly, because getting iron, making iron products is quite difficult.

In the V-VI centuries AD. Turks began to penetrate into the Kuznetsk land - nomads from the neighboring Altai.
They had a strong influence on the tribes living here. Teleuts, Tomsk Tatars are the direct descendants of the Turks. The Shors are an indigenous people who adopted the language and customs of the nomads.
The Teleuts are one of the most prosperous Turkic families in the past. Their camps stretched from Altai far to the north. They were the first of the peoples of our region who voluntarily accepted Russian citizenship. Now they live in Novokuznetsk and Belovsky districts.

The Shors lived in the mountain taiga, along the rivers Kondoma, Mras-Su and their tributaries. They were skilled hunters and fishermen.
The Russians called them "blacksmiths" - for their ability to melt iron and make weapons from it.
From them came the name of our region - the Kuznetsk land.
The annexation of Siberia to Russia actively began in the 16th century.
Russian servicemen began to move deep into Siberia and set up fortified fortresses to protect new lands.
The first prison that arose in our region was called "Kuznetsky".

The place was chosen very well: the merger of two big rivers, around vast fields for arable land and for livestock, near the forest for hunting, a lot of fish in the rivers.
Ostrog was set up on the land of the Shors to protect them from raids by hostile tribes and to collect tribute from the new subjects of the Russian Tsar.
Kuznetsk prison for a long time remained an important fortress of Russia.
Tsar Peter I ordered to search for and extract ores, therefore, miners began to visit Siberia more and more often.
During his trip to the Kuznetsk Territory, the explorer Mikhailo Volkov saw a "burnt mountain". It was a coal fire.

This discovery came in handy, in Russia the metallurgical industry was actively developing, which required more and more fuel.
Over time, it became clear that the Kuznetsk Territory had huge reserves of coal and iron, gold and silver, that metallurgical plants and mines needed to be built here.
In the future, this began to be actively carried out. In 1816, a metallurgical plant began to operate in the city of Guryevsk, and in 1883, the first mine was put into operation in Kolchugino (now the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky).

Our region in its history was part of different regions and regions: Tobolsk province, Tomsk province, Siberian region, Novosibirsk region.
And finally, in 1943, the Kemerovo region was formed.
And the Kuznetsk Territory was first called Kuzbass by the scientist Pyotr Chikhachev.
In 1842, he explored it, discovered that this area has huge reserves of coal and named it "Kuznetsk Coal Basin" or "Kuzbass" for short.
From July to August 2008, Kuzbass residents took part in a regional competition in which they chose unique symbols of their native land. 10 characters have been selected.

Historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomskayapisanitsa"

The rock with drawings of ancient people was discovered in the 16th century and for hundreds of years attracted the attention of researchers.
museum complex under the open sky consists of an open display of geological, mineralogical materials.

An exhibition on the paleontology of the earth was launched.

Museum-Reserve "Krasnaya Gorka"

The unique museum-reserve is located on the right bank of the Tom in the territory of the former Kemerovo mine.
This is the only nature reserve in Kuzbass located within the city limits.

At present, industrial, civil and administrative buildings have been preserved here, which tell about the history of the city of Kemerovo.

"Kuznetsk fortress" - a monument of history and architecture of federal significance

The construction of the Kuznetsk fortress began in 1800 and was completed in 1820. The fortress was part of the fortification system and was intended to protect the Russian border from neighboring China. The total area of the fortress is 2.5 hectares.

Sculptural composition "Saint Barbara"

The Holy Great Martyr Barbara has been honored in Russia since ancient times.
People call her an ambulance and intercessor. She is considered the patroness of miners.
Mothers and wives pray for Varvara's intercession, in difficult times the miners themselves turn to her for help.
In 2007, a sculpture of St. Barbara was installed on the historical territory of the Krasnaya Gorka Museum-Reserve.
Sculptors M.O.Lushnikov, .P.Mokrousov and architects G.V.Gaifulin, E.M.Ivanova embodied the image of the Saint in bronze, observing all the canons.

Monument "Mine pile driver" (Anzhero-Sudzhensk)

The main element of the monument is a metal pyramid imitating a mine headframe.
The monument was designed CEO LLC "ZHEU No. 1 Severny" by S.A. Shabarov, was made by the employees of the association at their own expense and installed by the Miner's Day in 2007 on the territory of the Northern microdistrict of Anzhero-Sudzhensk.

Kuzbass State Technical University

It was organized on the basis of the Kemerovo Mining and Construction College in 1950.
In 1965 it was transformed into the Kuzbass Polytechnic Institute.
In 1993, the Kuzbass Polytechnic Institute became known as the Kuzbass State Technical University.

Over the years of its existence, the university has grown into a major educational and science Center, has become one of the leading universities in Western Siberia, recognized in Russia and abroad.
The university provides training in 37 specialties.

Monument "Memory to the miners of Kuzbass" (Kemerovo)

The monument, a gift from the sculptor Ernst Neizvestny, was erected in 2003.
The total height of the composition is 12 m, weight is 5 tons.
The monument is a bronze torso of a miner, mounted on a three-meter pedestal of black granite.
In his hands, the miner holds a flaming coal, symbolizing a warm heart.
At the base of the monument there are pieces of coal, embodied in stylized human faces.

Monument to Mikhailo Volkov

The monument to the discoverer of Kuznetsk coal, Mikhailo Volkov, was erected on the square named after him in the Central District of Kemerovo.
At the opening of the monument on August 23, 1968, they said that the city had two godfathers - coal and mine explorer Mikhailo Volkov.
The monument was donated by the sculptor G. Baranov.

In 1721, on the banks of the Tom River, Mikhailo Volkov discovered a layer of coal in the "burnt mountain" (now the Rudnichny district of Kemerovo).

Chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow"

On September 15, 1993, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' solemnly consecrated the foundation stone of the chapel
icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow", which was created on the initiative of the Administration of the Kemerovo region as a monument in honor of the tragically lost Kuzbass miners.

"Kolchugin mine" (Leninsk-Kuznetsky)

The first mention of locality Kolchugino in the lists of villages dates back to 1763.
The village was located at the very bed of thick coal seams. And already in 1883, the first mine "Success" was opened here, which laid the foundation for the development of the Kolchuginsky mine.
Since the beginning of the 90s of the 19th century, the Kolchugin mine has become the coal-mining capital of the region.

Reserves are plots of land or water that are protected by the state and withdrawn from economic use.
Reserves are formed in order to preserve the flora and fauna characteristic of the area. The reserves are strictly guarded, unauthorized visits are prohibited.
First in Russia state reserve appeared in 1916. Now there are 204 specially protected territories in our country.

Nature in the Kemerovo region is very rich - this is the taiga, where rare relict forests are found; alpine meadows, steppe and forest-steppe; cedar and spruce forests; lots of lakes and rivers.

But every year the state of nature is getting worse. More and more people intervene in her life. The diversity of animal species is declining, forests are disappearing, rivers are drying up, lakes are swamping. The earth could become uninhabitable for humans if no action is taken.
There is only one way out - to save nature. This can be done with the help of nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, natural memorial places.

The Kemerovo region is located in the southeast of Western Siberia and is located almost at an equal distance from the western and eastern borders of Russia.
The natural resources of the region, its flora and fauna are huge and varied. But a person does not always value, mercilessly uses and cares little about the preservation of these riches.

Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in the Kuzbass.
On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the reserve of federal significance "Kuznetsk Alatau", the national park "Shorsky", the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomskayapisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves.

Reserve
"Kuznetsk Alatau"

Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tyskyls. These tyskyls rise above the border of the forests.

"Alatau" in translation from the Turkic language means "Motley Mountains". This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

The Kuznetsk Alatau State Nature Reserve was established on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region.
The terrain is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and reservoirs.

In the reserve there are sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the rivers Tom and Chulym.

Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian cedar pine.

IN deciduous forests meadowsweet, yellow acacia, bird cherry, cotoneaster chokeberry and wild rose are found.
There are many clearings in the fir forests. They grow: high wrestler, Siberian skerda, various-leaved calamus, nettle, high honeysuckle.
Downy birch, willow, currant, shrubby alder and mountain ash grow along the valleys of taiga rivers.

In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve.
There are 41 species of little-studied and rare birds in the reserve, the number of which is gradually decreasing.
Typical settled inhabitants of the taiga are capercaillie, nutcracker, jay, kuksha, nuthatch and others.

The fish fauna of the reserve consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers.
In slowly flowing waters - pike, perch and burbot.
In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two species have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the common toad and the moored frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles in the Kemerovo region, only two have been found so far within the reserve - the viviparous lizard and the common viper.

moor frog

The mammalian fauna of the Kuznetsk Alatau includes 65 species. Most are inhabitants of the taiga. This is a badger, a tiny shrew, an otter, an Altai mole, a chipmunk, a red-gray vole and others.
Brown bear, fox, wolf and elk are also widely represented in the forests of the reserve.
A feature of the Kuznetsk Alatau can be considered an exceptional snow cover in terms of height for the region, reaching an average of 3-5 meters across the territory of the reserve, and up to 10-15 meters in intermountain depressions.
The protection regime of the reserve allows to effectively protect non-nomadic animals, such as sable, and preserve migratory animals, such as reindeer.
Illegal hunting most seriously affects nomadic species of animals - roe deer, elk, deer.

Kuznetsk Alatau is a beautiful and unique place!
White snowfields lie next to flowering meadows, the blue sky is reflected in the mirrors of the lakes, and snow-white clouds creep so low that they often cling to the sharp gray peaks of the rocks.
Animal and vegetable world amazingly rich and varied. And how you want to keep it intact and clean, because human activity sometimes causes irreparable damage to nature.
For this purpose, the reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau" was created in the Kemerovo region. Here, endangered plants and animals have finally found protection for themselves!

national park
"Shorsky"

The Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of the Decree of the Soviet Government of December 27, 1989.
The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagol district.
The length of the territory of the national park from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

The park was created in order to preserve the unique areas of growth of cedar, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as to preserve the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.

The territory of the Shorsky National Park is the place of residence of a small indigenous Turkic-speaking group - the mountain Shor people.
The Shors live mainly in the south of the Kemerovo region, along the banks of the rivers Tom, Mrassu, Kondoma.
Their number is about 15 thousand people.
Until the 18th century, the Shors were known for their ability to mine and smelt iron ore,
blacksmith craft.
The traditional occupations of the Shors were also hunting, farming, harvesting wild-growing edible plants, fishing and beekeeping.
The Shors also knew how to make pottery, process wood and leather, and weave material.
Ancient legends and tales of Mountain Shoria are part of the national culture of the Shors. For centuries they kept their epic, retold it to each other.
Legends teach that you can’t do evil, you can’t take revenge, envy; They teach that good always triumphs over evil. We must live in harmony with nature, take care of our loved ones and the fragile world that surrounds us.
Since ancient times, the Shors have felt unity with wildlife, endowed everything that surrounded them with a soul: mountains, rivers, wind, plants, animals.
Here is one of the legends that tells about the origin of the main rivers of Gornaya Shoria and Kuzbass.
There was a hunter named Tom in Gornaya Shoria. And there was a beautiful girl, the daughter of a rich bai. Her name was Marsu. The guy fell in love with Mrassu and wanted to marry her. But the rich father opposed: he did not want such a groom for his daughter. Bai sent a hunter to where streams and rivers originate, and made it a river.
Mrassu grieved and wept so much that she herself turned into a river and flowed to her beloved.
On the way, a rough rock blocked her path. Mrassu's chest was crushed by a rock, and she fell into the river. Until now, huge stones lie in the river, forming rapids. Mrassu rushes swiftly and furiously through the taiga and the rapids to where it forever merges with Tomyu.

The forests of the middle mountainous part of Shoria are almost unaffected economic activity and preserved in its original form.

Currently, more than 60 rare and endangered species of plants listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Kemerovo region have been identified in the territory of the national park. The leading plants of the national park are cedar, Siberian fir, aspen.

6 species of birds are also listed in the Red Book: black stork, gray heron, needle-tailed swift, golden eagle, peregrine falcon.
About 60 species of mammals live in the park. Among them are muskrat, weasel, hare, squirrel, musk deer.

There are many natural monuments on the territory of the national park. One of them is the Saga waterfall.
Waterfall "Saga" occupies 30,000 square meters. m, located on the Sholbychak stream (left bank of the Mrassu), 300 m from the Mrassu River.
An eighteen-meter waterfall falls in several cascades into a small icy lake.
At the waterfall there is a small grotto, turning into a cave with a very narrow entrance.

"Royal Gates" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the river Mrassu. The rocks have a height of 100 meters and drop steeply into the water.
They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tint. In cloudy weather, they become gloomy gray with a purple tint.

Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! Strong, original and talented Shor people have been living here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection.
For this, the Shorsky State Natural National Park was created.

caregiver : Now tell me what you learned new ...... (ANSWERS)

Website materials used: , history, culture of Kuzbass)

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