King of peas. Was there really a King Pea or only in fairy tales? What does it mean since the time of the king of peas

The phraseological unit “under Tsar Gorokh” can be deciphered as “in time immemorial, a very long time ago.” But who is this king Pea and why exactly peas and not something else? Many scientists, just like you, wondered about this question, they put forward several different theories and tried to find an answer to this interest Ask. This expression came into the speech of Russian people from folklore.

So, there is a fairy tale “About King Pea”, in the fairy tale Pea is a very kind and peace-loving ruler and people lived under his rule, knowing neither grief nor sadness. The phraseology “under Tsar Gorokh” means “a very long time ago” precisely because such a good monarch seems too unrealistic, i.e. it's too good to be true. So, in a fairy tale you can see the following sentence:“In ancient times, when milky rivers flowed, the banks were jelly, and fried partridges flew through the fields, there lived King Pea, a rather stupid ruler, but, as befits a fairy-tale monarch, kind.” In Russia ordinary people Life was always not very good, and rarely did any ruler seriously think about what people really needed. And here in a fairy tale a good ruler is just as implausible, just like the banks of jelly or rivers of milk, and even more so, just like fried partridges that fly across the sky. But who is this kind and stupid Pea, who is his prototype and why is it still a pea?

There is a version that the name Pea is a reworking of a very common Greek saying, which also denoted deep antiquity. This Greek proverb goes like this: presbyteros and is translated as “older (or more ancient) than Codrus.” The name Kodr could have been remade into Pea, based on some similarity between the word and this Greek name.
Scientists also find a connection between King Pea and Pokati-pea - a hero from myths.
Afanasyev explained the word “peas” based on the similarity of this word and words such as “thunder, rumble.” Thus, the root gorch turned into *gors, where there were such transformations: s turned into x, and or became oro. Based on this, he concludes that King Gorokh is related to the god Perun - the god of thunder.
During the formation of Russian statehood, in Rus' it was customary to call the city of Constantinople nothing other than Tsar-grad. From this designation came the expression “in Tsaregorod style.” After Byzantium collapsed (Constantinople is the capital of Byzantium), to denote what happened a long time ago, they said “in Tsaregorod style.” It is possible that this expression has simply changed into something similar in sound, but more understandable in meaning.
Some scientists believe that this is just a pun of folk origin, an ordinary folk joke.
Sometimes people simply associate the expression “under Tsar Pea” with the fairy tale “About Tsar Pea,” and do not think at all about the origin of this character in the fairy tale.

Russian Tsar Peas- far from being the only one of its kind. In many folk phraseological units you can find similar kings and kings. So, in Poland we will meet King Gvozdik (za krоўla Cўwieczka - literally “under King Gvozdik”), in the Czech Republic King Cricket (za krоўla Sўwierszczka - “under King Cricket”) or King Golysh (za krаўle Holce - “under King Golysh), in Ukraine you can find such expressions as Tsar Timka, for Tsar Tomka, for Tsar Panka, for Tsar Khmel. The English have an expression such as in the year dot, which can be translated as “in the time of Tyutelka”, and the Spaniards have the expression en tiempo de maricastana meaning “long ago, under Chestnut”; in the German language you can find the phrase Anno Tobak, literally "in the summer of Tobakovo", which imitates the Latin phrase anno Domini... "in the year of the Lord (such and such), that is, in (such and such) year from the Nativity of Christ."

All these names of kings and kings are filled with irony and humor, people seemed to be trying to make the image of the ruler more cute and reduce his weight in their eyes, it is not for nothing that all these objects (mentioned in the names of kings and kings) mean small and insignificant things. Here you can feel a good-natured grin, but at the same time love for the kind and stupid king. Although, of course, one should not discount the possibility that Tsar Gorokh had some kind of real prototype, however, he is still not known to us, so King Pea “lives” only in a fairy tale (at least for now).

In general, peas are directly related not only to the good king, but also to the absurd and funny jester - the pea jester. Let's, for that matter, deal with him too. The expression pea jester comes from the phrase pea scarecrow or scarecrow, which was customary to place in a pea field. This scarecrow looked stupid and quite awkward. As for the word jester, there were several expressions using the word “jester” - Balaki’s jester, striped jester, area jester, farce jester. But, nevertheless, a completely different expression has become entrenched in history - the clown of a pea. But this is not at all surprising, because the jester has negative meaning(this is someone stupid or awkward), and pea (remember a pea field with a scarecrow) reinforces this meaning.

P.P.S. By the way, in Russian folklore, besides Tsar Gorokh, there are other tsars, but they are not so well known - these are Tsar Botut and Tsar Oves, and the fairy tales with their participation are much shorter - “Once upon a time there was Tsar Botut, and the whole fairy tale is here” and “Once upon a time there was a king Oves, he took away all the fairy tales.”

In that ancient time, when the world of God was filled with goblins, witches and mermaids, when the rivers flowed milky, the banks were jelly, and fried partridges flew across the fields, at that time there lived a king named Pea.

(From Afanasyev’s collection)

It's you? - my daughter asked incredulously, looking at my cadet photographs

Imagine, it's me. How time flies and how long ago it was! Almost under Tsar Gorokh,” I smile, pleased with the impression made by the photograph where I am standing on Palace Square in Leningrad in an embrace with our platoon commander Volodya Polenov and the bosom friend of my cadet youth Volodya Samarin. Young and full of hope, future aviators with a single chevron on the right sleeve of their uniform coat - first year.

Did Tsar Gorokh rule before the revolution? - the daughter laughs and suddenly realizes that she shouldn’t have said that, now the father will climb on his favorite skate and a long lecture will begin about the real history of Russia, about its Epic.

That's for sure! Lived before the revolution! 1453 years of revolution.

Here you go! What kind of revolution is this?

A fall Byzantine Empire!

What does this have to do with it?! Let me tell you - my daughter sat more comfortably in the chair and prepared to listen...

In ancient times, called in Rus' - the times of King Pea, on the shores of the Bosporus Strait, which is called the Jordan in the Ostrog Bible, there stood a wondrous and beautiful city, with mighty fortifications and magnificent temples, where people lived who knew how to do many useful things. This city was the heir of Old Rome and therefore was called the Second Rome. Its rulers considered themselves descendants of God, who created humanity, and therefore, in the eyes of their subjects, they were demigods. When they died, their subjects, having completed the necessary procedures, took their basileus to the place of their burial and eternal rest, to the desert of Old Rome, to Egypt, where they remained forever in tombs in the form of embalmed mummies. The pyramids and burial grounds of Egypt are the imperial cemetery of the kings of the First, Second and partly of the Third Rome. The city that is now called Rome has never been one, and the whole story about it is pure invention of the Vatican bishop, who calls himself the Pope.

The river through which the dead emperors were transported had different names. different nations. For example, for the poet Virgil she is Styx. We know her as Neil.

The descendants of the deceased basileus-pharaohs considered all the discovered and known lands, as well as the peoples who inhabited them, to be theirs, by the right of Divine Providence. The lands that would henceforth be discovered were also considered as such. They were called themes. The largest themes were the lands of Rus', which, with the power of its weapons and the courage of its warriors, conquered other themes, in particular Western Europe, inhabited in those days by wild tribes. Moreover, Rus' was at war with the empire itself, which is what the epic says about Prince Svyatoslav’s capture of its capital, Byzantium, and how he nailed his shield to its gates. Since the main ruler of the world sat on the throne in Byzantium, the Russian people called this city Constantinople, that is, the city of the king. It is worth noting the difference between a king and another ruler. The king was not only the ruler of the country, but also the high priest of the faith, its guardian and guardian.

When Rus' becomes the Third Rome, the Russian Tsars will be the successors of this tradition - God's anointed. In the Arab world, the King will be called Caliph. The only Russian Tsar who will unite Orthodoxy and Islam in his person will be Ivan the Caliph (the Tsar is a priest, not a Kalita wallet). This will happen immediately after the reign of his brother, Georgy Danilovich, whom everyone knows as George the Victorious. Its reflections in history will be multiple. One of them is Genghis Khan. It is he who will create great empire Slavs and destroy the Jewish Khazaria, hostile to Rus'. There was no Tatar-Mongol yoke in Rus', but there was the bringing into vassalage of all appanage principalities and the creation of a powerful Russian state, which George handed over to his brother Ivan, who remained in the epics as Batu. This king will create his western capital in Western Europe-Livonia and become the first Pope Innocent, and call the city on seven hills the Vatican, after his nickname Batya Khan.

However, let's return to Byzantium.

Peas were unknown in Rus'. Its homeland is South-West Asia and the Middle East. Nowadays you can hear fables from archaeologists that they find pea pods in burials 2 million years old. I am a more down-to-earth person and believe that, according to Russian epics and calendar indiction records, humanity is only about 8000 years old. This is exactly how much has passed since the creation of the world among the ancient Slavs. Therefore, based on the data of the first written evidence dating no earlier than the 10th century AD, I inform you that historians cannot be trusted. They also have Stonehenge, molded from ordinary geopolymer concrete in 1952, an ancient structure. By the way, the pyramids of Egypt are also buildings of the 12-15 centuries AD.

In general, history is a science that means looking at the world from the point of view of the Torah (From the Torah I) - a heretical teaching that emerged from Christianity, and not vice versa, as is presented today. It was all like this: first ancient monotheism and dualism, and later Christianity and the teachings-sects that emerged from it, such as Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and a variety of Judaism, Catholicism with its derivative Lutheranism.

So, peas grew on the lands of the Byzantine Empire. Obviously, one of the Russian princes brought this type of plant to Rus' and began to cultivate it. In my opinion, this is a completely logical proposal, given that the monument to Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, on Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, looks like two stones: black and white. So the white one is made in the shape of corn. By the way, this king of the Russian land remained in the memory of descendants precisely for the plantings of corn throughout our long-suffering Fatherland. Isn’t it logical to call him King Corn or, say, General Secretary Maize?! I think this idea is not without common sense and who knows (?) whether our descendants will not tell their children fairy tales about the Russian Tsar, with a head as bald as his knees, who lived during the time of the victorious march of corn across the Russian world. I tried using a computer program to paste a photo of Nikita onto a drawn image of King Pea. You won't believe it, but this is something!!! This is how I imagined King Pea!!! Try to practice - you will get indescribable pleasure.

In general, I decided to check my conclusions and delved into the history of Byzantium in order to establish the life time of King Pea. Why to Byzantium? So, in the entire history of the world, there were kings only in it, and later in Rus'. Of course, you can say that there were kings in the Bible too. I will answer this way: the Bible is not an ancient book and modern form formation in the 19th century, and it appeared from various scattered books of Holy Scripture in the 16th century. Consists of the Old Testament, which describes the events of medieval Rus' and the Gospel. The Torah, on the basis of which the Old Testament was created, is simply information and legends drawn from the ancient Russian Spiritual Books of Paliya and Kormchay. By the way, both Palia and Kormchaya, in one form or another, were spiritual books of Byzantium. The Torah is a philosophy and history of communication with God stolen from the Slavs, remade under the idea of the chosen people in the late Middle Ages. Therefore, the kings of the Bible can be safely considered as the kings of Byzantium and its successor Rus'. The Jewish people did not have kings. Born in the 13th century in the Khazar Khaganate, Judaism knew kagans, not kings. Lies of Judaism. would have been too obvious if the kagans had not been replaced by kings. However, I am not an anti-Semite and I believe that everyone can believe in whatever they want, but sometimes it’s worth using your head and not believing the nonsense of “From the Tories”, in their attempt to falsify the Russian-Byzantine epic.

You're probably interested in knowing what this has to do with King Pea. The expression came to us from Russian folklore, where there was such a hero as Tsar Gorokh. He did not bring harm to people, and therefore they lived with him, not knowing grief. The improbability of such a king gives the expression the meaning of “incredibly long ago.”

It must be said that King Pea is not alone. There are similar expressions in both Slavic and non-Slavic Slavic languages: “under King Kopyl”, “under Queen Lentil”. In Poland, for example, they will say: “under King Cricket” or “under King Golysh.”

And here we have King Pea, quite handsome, kind, and not scary. He lived a very, very long time ago, when - and you can’t remember. The only interesting thing is that he always defeats everyone, either King Pantelei or the Mushroom King. Apparently, the tsar is formidable and merciless towards the enemies of the state, but he favors the Russian people.

There are also some more Interesting Facts. By the beginning of his reign, the Russian world was ruled by Mara, the ancient Slavic goddess death, famine and pestilence, and also strife. Only after the victory over it, the times came in Rus' “under Tsar Gorokh” - a peaceful life, when children were born and grew up, and Rus' again became powerful.

In the “Russian Truth” - a code of ancient Russian feudal law compiled in the 10th-11th centuries during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, peas are mentioned along with wheat, rye, oats, and millet. However, its widespread use is evidenced by numerous entries in monastic books dating back only to the 13th century. It seems that a certain sovereign instructed the Russians to grow peas and recognized their benefits. Moreover, this sovereign is not just a ruler, but a KING, that is, having influence on spiritual power and faith!

Well, in that case, Pea is not a comic character at all, but one of the great rulers of our people; one of the few whose names have been preserved in the memory of the people.

Let me present two alternative versions. In my opinion they will only confirm that. what I'm telling you now.

1) According to one version, the expression came to us from Russian folklore, where there was such a character as Tsar Gorokh - a good-natured and rather stupid king from Russian folk tales. This king did not bring harm to people, and people lived with him, not knowing grief and troubles. Such a king looked so improbable that it is not even clear whether he existed at all, and if he did exist, it was only “incredibly long ago,” when even the world was completely different.

2) Another version is more historically accurate and sees the roots of King Pea in the Byzantine state. Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium, in Rus' was called Tsargrad, and everything that was connected with this city and state was called “Tsargrats” or “Tsargorotsky”. Apparently the name peas comes from the name of the city. In colloquial use, this expression could be modified into “King Pea”. Thus, the ancient times of King Gorokh are nothing more than the period of the existence of Byzantium. Let me remind you that Byzantium ceased to exist in 1453, and, figuratively speaking, the period before 1453 could well be called the time of King Pea, if we adhere to the veracity of this version.

So, the time frame began to narrow. Having evidence from monastic chronicles, the alternative versions outlined above, I argue that Tsar Pea is the real ruler of Rus', who ordered the cultivation and consumption of peas by the Russian people, who loved this king and treated him with a little humor. This is clearly not Peter, who was feared and who left behind many negative opinions, carefully hushed up by the Romanovs, the Germans who came to the Russian Throne of Tsar Pea. It is they who, in the Time of Troubles, will overthrow the legitimate Tsar and attribute to the Russian-Horde rule all sorts of sins and crimes that they themselves committed during the time of their ascension to the throne. It was they who slandered the image of the Great Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible, creating from him a “toric” image of a villain. Ivan was not like that. In his person three kings are united, ruling one after another. And the Tsar himself was a thunderstorm for the enemies of Russia. But, a mental illness occurred and the Tsar, who left the world for a monastery, became blessed. Having received the name Vasily (Basileus, Tsar. Caliph) at baptism, the sick king became a monk-schema monk, and the revered holy elder Basil the Blessed appeared in Rus', the temple you see on Red Square in Moscow.

This is not just a temple erected in honor of the victory of this Tsar over Kazan. This is the first tomb of the Russian Tsar in Rus', near the walls of the Third Rome-Yorosalim-Moscow Kremlin. For the first time, subjects buried a descendant of the pharaohs of Old Rome, not in the imperial cemetery in Egypt, but on the banks of the Moscow River, next to the Place of Execution, meaning Golgotha. I found another name for the Bosphorus-Jordan. In the chronicles of Byzantium and the Seljuk Turks there is the name Moscow and this is the strait on which modern Istanbul stands. Moscow is the Turkic name for the Bosphorus and that part of the Red (beautiful, red) Sea, where the remains of a suburb of Istanbul called Yoros now rise. There is also Mount Beykos with the grave of Yusha (Jesus). And on the contrary, across the strait rose the temple of the biblical King Solomon - the Al-Sofi mosque museum, the majestic Hagia Sophia Cathedral. It was on this mountain that the most famous execution of mankind and the Resurrection of Jesus took place. The city in Palestine is a 19th century setting based on the Arab village of Al-Kutz and has no connection to the biblical events.

So what? It's time to show you the King of Peas.

The years of his reign were an era of strengthening of Moscow and its rise above other Russian cities. An oak Kremlin was built in Moscow, protecting not only the city center, but also the suburbs outside it. Also in Moscow, he built the Assumption and Archangel Cathedrals, the Church of St. John the Climacus, the Transfiguration Church, and opened a monastery with it. In Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Tsar Gorokh founded the Goritsky (Uspensky) Monastery.

Chroniclers noted that this king cared about the safety of the inhabitants, strictly persecuted and executed robbers and thieves, always carried out “just justice,” and helped the poor and beggars. For this he received his second nickname - Kind. And during his reign there were no wars and many children were born, and Rus' flourished

He enacted the agricultural law and established new order inheritance. After his death, the grand-ducal throne more or less permanently passed to his direct descendants. Since the Reign of Peas, it has been customary to talk about the beginning of autocracy. It is he who is the first Russian Tsar, and Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible, the first Russian Tsar, crowned in the Kremlin Cathedral, where from now on all subsequent Russian Tsars will be anointed with oil on the throne.

I found the agricultural law of this Great Sovereign (as all subsequent rulers of Rus' will now be called). What a joy I felt when I read the words there about the fact that the Russians were ordered to plant peas and consume them as food everywhere, as beneficial to health a culture with a huge amount of proteins. The Tsar Father also lists the dishes that he had the chance to taste from the Byzantine envoy, such as: pies with peas, pea jelly, etc. But the Tsar especially praises pea porridge and tells his subjects about the unpretentiousness of this culture.

Why not Nikita Khrushchev?

The Russian people could not leave such zealous propaganda of peas with impunity. Oh I couldn't! Only then were the times not of vulgar jokes that came to Rus' from the Torah, but the times of fairy tales, which means funny instructive stories, which captured love and respect for the eccentric king, who fell in love with Byzantine pea porridge with jelly.

The folk tale begins with the words: “It happened in those years when King Pea fought with mushrooms.” And it immediately becomes clear that the times of King Pea are not just hoary antiquity, but epic and undoubtedly good times, causing a kind smile when remembering them.

In ancient Russian cuisine, pea porridge occupied a place of honor, since it was, perhaps, the most satisfying of all Russian dishes.

And as for mushrooms, then summer time the hostess threw them into every dish: cabbage soup and porridge. One problem is that both mushrooms and peas cause attacks of flatulence in humans (this is how doctors elegantly call the accumulation of gases in the intestines). A person who has eaten delicious pea porridge with mushrooms begins to rumble loudly in his stomach, and it is better not to be in the same room with him.

However, the ancestors treated such things calmly and only laughed when they heard intestinal rumbling and farting, reminiscent of cannon fire: “Tsar Pea is at war with mushrooms!”

Listen, my daughter, the name of the man who gave the Russians peas and the author of the agricultural law!

This is Ivan I Danilovich Kalita, Father Khan, Grand Duke Moscow (1325-1340) and Vladimir (1332-1340), the first “gatherer of the Russian land.” The same man who remained in the epics of our Mother Russia, the good Tsar Pea, who defeated all his enemies and gave the Russian people peace and prosperity. And also peas!

Glory to you forever and ever, Great Orthodox Sovereign, intercessor father, King Pea!

Of course, Europe, copying Russian history like a monkey, could not help but respond to King Pea and, completely entangled in its centuries-old lies, immediately came up with its own King Pea. He became King Louis 13 of France from the Bourbon dynasty, who reigned from 1610 to 1643. The son of Henry IV and Marie de Medici, who supposedly loved pea porridge and even knew how to cook it (!). You know this king performed by Oleg Tabakov, in the musical about the famous Four Musketeers. He was even given a nickname in absentia - Fair. But his image is so faded in comparison with our Tsar-Father that I don’t even want to consider this version, invented at the end of the 20th century.

Those who wish can familiarize themselves with this dirty mess that hasn’t been washed for decades. And, in my opinion, he will never be fair. No wonder the Russian people called pompous idiots “bourbons”. Therefore, let’s finish the story about him, and let them be proud of him in Livonia. We live in Rus'!

Cabbage soup and porridge are our food!

I don’t know about the reader, but I went to cook pea porridge. I can also offer you a recipe.

Ingredients:

Peas - 1.5 Cups

Meat bone - 300-400 grams

Onions - 2 pieces

Spices - - To taste

Number of servings: 3-4

Place the bone with meat (pork or beef) in water and cook the meat broth over medium heat for about an hour.

Approximately halfway through cooking the broth, add two whole onions to it.

Add spices to the broth. If desired, you can add fresh herbs or some fresh vegetables (peppers, onions, carrots - whatever you want). Cook for another 10 minutes.

We take the meat bone out of the broth and tear the meat off it with our hands.

Place the washed peas in the meat broth and cook until tender (40-45 minutes over medium heat).

At the very end of cooking the peas, add our meat to the saucepan. Simmer for a couple more minutes and you're done!

for King Pea, for King Pea .

Origin of phraseology

The name of Tsar Gorokh is mentioned in Russian fairy tales, for example, one begins like this:

However, why the ruler is called Pea remains unclear, and the connection with local variants of the plot about the “war of the mushrooms” could have arisen after its composition.

Write a review about the article "Tsar Peas"

Notes

// Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes / author's compilation. V. I. Dal. - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg. : Printing house, 1880-1882.
M. O. Wolf Afanasyev A. N. . - M.: Modern writer
, 1955. - P. 264. - article from encyclopedic Dictionary
popular words and expressions. - M.: “Locked-Press”. Vadim Serov. 2003. . Zhuravlev, Anatoly(October 6, 2009). Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Russian folk tales by A. N. Afanasyev. - Academia, 1936. - T. 1.
E. L. Vilinbakhova// Materials of the XXXVIII International Philological Conference. - 2009.
Kuznetsova T. B., Lukinova N. N.// Materials of the XIII regional scientific-practical conference“Pedagogical science and practice - to the region” / Ed. L. L. Redko, S. V. Bobryshova. - Stavropol: SGPI Publishing House, 2011. - P. 244. - ISBN 978-5-91090-080-0.
[tsargorokh.rf/index.php/smi-o-nas/5-rodina-tsarya-gorokha Homeland of Tsar Gorokha - Official website of Tsar Gorokh]
Novikov, Leonid . News(March 16, 2006). Retrieved January 13, 2014.

Excerpt characterizing King Pea

“Right here now,” said the girl, and, running through the yard, she opened the gate in the plank fence and, stopping, pointed to Pierre a small wooden outbuilding that burned brightly and hotly. One side of it collapsed, the other was burning, and the flames were shining brightly from under the window openings and from under the roof.
When Pierre entered the gate, he was overcome with heat, and he involuntarily stopped.
-Which, which is your house? - he asked.
- Oh oh oh! - the girl howled, pointing to the outbuilding. “He’s the one, she’s the one who was our Vatera.” You burned, my treasure, Katechka, my beloved young lady, oh, oh! - Aniska howled at the sight of the fire, feeling the need to express her feelings.
Pierre leaned towards the outbuilding, but the heat was so strong that he involuntarily described an arc around the outbuilding and found himself next to big house, which was still burning only on one side of the roof and around which a crowd of French was swarming. Pierre at first did not understand what these French were doing, carrying something; but, seeing in front of him a Frenchman who was beating a peasant with a blunt cleaver, taking away his fox fur coat, Pierre vaguely understood that they were robbing here, but he had no time to dwell on this thought.
The sound of the crackling and roar of collapsing walls and ceilings, the whistle and hiss of flames and the animated cries of the people, the sight of wavering, now scowling thick black, now soaring lightening clouds of smoke with sparkles and sometimes solid, sheaf-shaped, red, sometimes scaly golden flame moving along the walls , the sensation of heat and smoke and the speed of movement produced on Pierre their usual stimulating effect of fires. This effect was especially strong on Pierre, because Pierre suddenly, at the sight of this fire, felt freed from the thoughts that were weighing him down. He felt young, cheerful, agile and determined. He ran around the outbuilding from the side of the house and was about to run to the part of it that was still standing, when a cry of several voices was heard above his head, followed by the cracking and ringing of something heavy that fell next to him.
Pierre looked around and saw the French in the windows of the house, who had thrown out a chest of drawers filled with some kind of metal things. Other French soldiers below approached the box.
“Eh bien, qu"est ce qu"il veut celui la, [This one still needs something," one of the French shouted at Pierre.
- Un enfant dans cette maison. N"avez vous pas vu un enfant? [A child in this house. Have you seen the child?] - said Pierre.
– Tiens, qu"est ce qu"il chante celui la? Va te promener, [What else is this interpreting? “Get to hell,” voices were heard, and one of the soldiers, apparently afraid that Pierre would take it into his head to take away the silver and bronze that were in the box, advanced threateningly towards him.
- Un enfant? - the Frenchman shouted from above. - J"ai entendu piailler quelque chose au jardin. Peut etre c"est sou moutard au bonhomme. Faut etre humain, voyez vous... [Child? I heard something squeaking in the garden. Maybe it's his child. Well, it is necessary according to humanity. We all people…]
– Ou est il? Ou est il? [Where is he? Where is he?] asked Pierre.
- Par ici! Par ici! [Here, here!] - the Frenchman shouted to him from the window, pointing to the garden that was behind the house. – Attendez, je vais descendre. [Wait, I'll get off now.]
And indeed, a minute later a Frenchman, a black-eyed fellow with some kind of spot on his cheek, in only his shirt, jumped out of the window of the lower floor and, slapping Pierre on the shoulder, ran with him into the garden.
“Depechez vous, vous autres,” he shouted to his comrades, “commence a faire chaud.” [Hey, you're more lively, it's starting to get hot.]
Running out behind the house onto a sand-strewn path, the Frenchman pulled Pierre's hand and pointed him towards the circle. Under the bench lay a three-year-old girl in a pink dress.
– Voila votre moutard. “Ah, une petite, tant mieux,” said the Frenchman. - Au revoir, mon gros. Faut être humaine. Nous sommes tous mortels, voyez vous, [Here is your child. Ah, girl, so much the better. Goodbye, fat man. Well, it is necessary according to humanity. All people,] - and the Frenchman with a spot on his cheek ran back to his comrades.
Pierre, gasping for joy, ran up to the girl and wanted to take her in his arms. But, seeing a stranger, the scrofulous, unpleasant-looking, scrofulous, mother-like girl screamed and ran away. Pierre, however, grabbed her and lifted her into his arms; she screamed in a desperately angry voice and with her small hands began to tear Pierre’s hands away from her and bite them with her snotty mouth. Pierre was overcome with a feeling of horror and disgust, similar to that the feeling he felt when touching some small animal. But he made an effort over himself so as not to abandon the child, and ran with him back to the big house. But it was no longer possible to go back the same way; the girl Aniska was no longer there, and Pierre, with a feeling of pity and disgust, hugging the painfully sobbing and wet girl as tenderly as possible, ran through the garden to look for another way out.

When Pierre, having run around courtyards and alleys, came back with his burden to Gruzinsky’s garden, on the corner of Povarskaya, at first he did not recognize the place from which he had gone to fetch the child: it was so cluttered with people and belongings pulled out of houses. In addition to Russian families with their goods, fleeing here from the fire, there were also several French soldiers in various attire. Pierre did not pay attention to them. He was in a hurry to find the official’s family in order to give his daughter to his mother and go again to save someone else. It seemed to Pierre that he had a lot more to do and quickly. Inflamed from the heat and running around, Pierre at that moment felt even more strongly than before that feeling of youth, revival and determination that overwhelmed him as he ran to save the child. The girl now became quiet and, holding Pierre’s caftan with her hands, sat on his hand and, like a wild animal, looked around her. Pierre occasionally glanced at her and smiled slightly. It seemed to him that he saw something touchingly innocent and angelic in this frightened and painful face.

Razg. Joking. For a long time. F 1, 81 ...

Times of the KING PEA. Iron. Immemorial, very distant times. It smells like a chicken hut, a plowman from the times of Tsar Pea, like hemp! the face is white, beardless, and the throat is swollen, the voice is hoarse (Bunin. Village) ... Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language

TIME- The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of Crimea. Book Iron. What's l. about? very long ago, long past. ShZF 2001, 45. /i> From the comedy “Woe from Wit” by A. S. Griboedov. BMS 1998, 101. Since time immemorial. Razg. A long time ago. BMS 1998, 101. Since the time of Tsar Gorokh... ... Large dictionary of Russian sayings

for a long time- Cm … Synonym dictionary

Russian sayings- give an insight into many aspects of Russian history, culture, and national character. The Russian language is replete with many hundreds of proverbs (proverb IPA|/pʌˈslovitsʌ/) and sayings (proverb IPA|/pəgʌˈvorkʌ/). These were already... ... Wikipedia

The Flying Ship (story)- Flying Ship Cover of the 2002 edition

for a long time- A long time ago, a long time ago, a long time ago, a long time ago, from ancient times, from ancient times, from time immemorial, from time immemorial, from time immemorial, from time immemorial. Of old, in ancient times, ancient times, before. Long before this, long before this event. Much since then... Synonym dictionary

1967- Years 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Decades 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s ... Wikipedia

Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic- (Bashkort Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics) Bashkiria (Bashkortostan). As part of the RSFSR. Formed on March 23, 1919. Area 143.6 thousand km2. Population 3819 thousand people. (1970, census). In B. there are 53 rural districts, 17 cities, 38 villages... ... Big Soviet encyclopedia

Books

Financial Encyclopedia, G.Ya. Sokolnikov. Encyclopedic dictionary of a financier from the times of the New Economic Policy. Currently the applicability is questionable. Although the methods of ratting (financial schemes, to put it in sublime calm) are most likely... Buy for 2290 UAH (Ukraine only)
Financial Encyclopedia, G.Ya. Sokolnikov. Encyclopedic dictionary of a financier from the times of the New Economic Policy. Currently the applicability is... questionable. Although the methods of ratting (financial schemes, to put it in sublime calm) are most likely...

Attempts to explain its origin have been made repeatedly.

They usually remember that this name is found in Russian fairy tales: in ancient times, when the rivers flowed milky, the banks were jelly, and fried partridges flew through the fields, there lived Tsar Pea, a rather stupid ruler, but, as befits a fairy-tale monarch, kind. However, references to such narrative folklore texts do not provide anything to understand the origins of the expression: why the ruler is called Pea remains unclear. Involving fairy tales with the common plot of “the war of mushrooms” does not help either, in local versions of which the mention of King Pea is involved, perhaps after its composition.

The famous folklorist of the century before last, Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev, in his fundamental cultural work “Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature,” proposed a comparison of the name of the fairy-tale king with the word roar (which, in addition to “thunder,” also means “large sieve”). The logic of his reasoning is as follows: metaphorical language brings together heavenly thunder with threshing grains; the thunder god Perun was also revered as the giver of earthly fertility, hence the commonality of the words peas and rumble. The weakness of such an explanation, as they say, is obvious: peas, unlike bread, are not threshed, but shelled, therefore all the etymological connections and semantic parallels that Afanasyev offers to support the stated version, as well as the very reading of the ancient mythological motif of “heavenly threshing”, turn out to be in vain. But first of all, the improbability of phonetic relationships forces us to reject his assumption: the onomatopoeic root of the word rumble for the Proto-Slavic state is reconstructed as *grox-, while the name of the pea at the Proto-Slavic level is restored as *gorx- (cf. Russian rokhot, Polish grochot, Bulgarian. rumble - but Russian pea, Bulgarian groch - like Russian cow, Bulgarian.

Other guesses about the origin of phraseological units under Tsar Gorokh, put forward by various authors, look equally unconvincing.

Not only amateur, but often scientific etymologization of phraseology suffers from the fact that the linguistic fact is considered separately, without correlation with other indications of both this and other languages, and even outside of any cultural and linguistic context. Meanwhile, it is phraseology that, first of all, for its interpretation, needs to identify and present parallel facts.

Let's turn to them.

Interpretable Russian expression not alone: in the Belarusian language there is a phraseological unit for the punishment of Garokham, in Ukrainian - for the king of Peas, for the king of Peas (in those distant times, ... as there were only a few people, as the snow was burning, and they were stewed with straw, as the pigs went on a campaign, ...as the sky was stormy for the Lubyans, and the Shkurateans were walking around with pennies).

In folk phraseological units with the same meaning “long ago” there are many funny names of sovereigns: under Tsar Kosar (apparently, fitting the borrowed word Caesar into rhyme), under Tsar Kopyl (this word in dialects has numerous “technical” meanings - “riser” , “clip”, “hook, crutch”, “axe handle”, “block”, “heel”, etc., serves as a replacement for the names of prominent parts of the body - “head”, “nose”, “legs”, “hooves” ", "tooth", designation " illegitimate child" and etc.). The Poles have the expression za krоўla Cўwieczka - literally “under King Gvozdika”, za krоўla Sўwierszczka - “under King Cricket”; among the Czechs za kraўle Cvrcvka - “under King Cricket”, za kraўle Holce (kdyzv byla za gresvli ovce) - “under King Golysh (when a sheep was worth pennies)”, za Marie Teremtete (borrowed from Hungarian: Hungarian. teremtеўs “creation, being ", cf. a teremtеўsit "a thousand devils! damn it!"); Ukrainians also speak for Tsar Timka, for Tsar Tomka, for Tsar Panka, for Tsar Khmel...

If we go beyond the Slavic world, we will find among the English in the year dot, which can be roughly translated as “in the time of (a certain?) Tyutelka,” among the Spaniards en tiempo de maricastana “a long time ago, under Chestnut,” and the Germans Our expression is matched by the formula Anno Tobak, literally “in the summer of Tabakovo”, a redrawing of the Latin anno Domini... “in the year of the Lord (such and such), that is, in (such and such) year from the Nativity of Christ.”

It is easy to see that the listed funny names fairy tales and proverbs of kings and kings are mostly based on the use of names small items(“Carnation”), insects (“Cricket”) - just like small child we affectionately call it a button or a bug. Czech holec, motivated by the idea of “holiness”, is used in the sense of “mustacheless youth, boy, undergrowth”, holecek - “child, child”. The name Kopyl in this case can mean “short man” - cf. a nickname based on the small stature of Kopylok, recorded on the Northern Dvina (however, the meaning of “illegitimate” should not be completely discarded: it also contains a semantic element of inferiority, a certain social “smallness”). Real human names in the affected phraseological units (Timko, Panko, etc.) are also colored by diminutiveness. Probably the reason for including “peas” in this series is the small size of its seeds - peas.

Already the German parallel with the mention of tobacco (in addition, this phraseological unit arose relatively recently, no earlier than the 17th century, since tobacco was imported to Europe from America) shows how inappropriate assurances about the dedication of the pea plant to the god of thunder are, and hence the fortune-telling that the expression King Pea is a euphemistic replacement for the name of the Thunder God. In addition to the name of peas, as we see, the names of chestnut, hops, tobacco, and in Russian folk life, also oats, become folklore “monarchist” names: when asked by a child to tell a fairy tale, they evade with a playful excuse: Once upon a time there was a king of oats, he took away all the fairy tales.

All the expressions mentioned are tinged with good-natured ridicule. It is unlikely that one should look for traces in them ancient mythology. It makes more sense to see in them the healthy fruits of folk “Rabelaisian philology” - play with meanings, verbal experiments to combine incompatible, humorous reduction of the image of the ruler.

Yet it would be wrong to say that real story is not reflected in this phraseology. The search for authentic historical figures and the events behind certain expressions of the series under consideration may not be without reason. For example, the Ukrainian for king Sibkaў (as the earth is thin, what you taste with your nose, you drink water) is associated with the name of the Polish king Jan Sobieski. The Polish phraseological unit za krula Sasa is explained by the memory of the Polish king Augustus II, Elector of Saxony (Polish saski - “Saxon”); it was also adopted by Ukrainian folklore: For Tsar Sas... the people ate bread and meat; and when Poniatowski [the last Polish king] came to rule, everything went according to the devil...; For Tsar Sas, then it was good: “Hedgehog bread, you want to rosperezhi pass [“let loose”] and so on. Let us not forget that in the Ukrainian language sas, literally “Saxon,” also means “cockroach, Prussian” (naming these annoying insects after the names of neighboring ethnic groups is extremely widespread both here and in Europe). How far is it from here to the Polish and Czech “cricket” mentioned above?

In Russian phraseology, peas are scattered generously. Let's remember another expression: the clown of a pea. There is no reason to dispute the idea that initially it was synonymous with the phraseological unit “scarecrow in the pea field” (that is, directly “the scarecrow in the pea field”). However, phraseology is often multi-layered, allowing multidirectional connections and later semantic intersections. We can cautiously assume that in an indirect way, in a secondary rapprochement, the pea jester and Tsar Gorokh are associated: the figure of the witty jester under the monarch is too popular for associations of this kind not to be possible.

Anatoly ZHURAVLEV, Doctor of Philology, Head of the Department of Etymology and Onomastics, Institute of Russian Language, Russian Academy of Sciences

$mob_info$