International figures. Outstanding citizens of Russia: list, biographies, interesting facts and achievements
The Agency for Political and Economic Communications (APEC) published the final rating of Russian politicians in January 2015.
As reported by " Independent newspaper", 26 experts took part in the rating. Among them: political scientists, political strategists, media experts, as well as representatives of political parties. They were all asked the following question: “How would you rate on a scale from 1 to 10 the influence of the following Russian politicians in the administration of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, and the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation?”
Let's see which politicians turned out to be the most popular and which, on the contrary, lost their positions in the new year.
Elite Ten
First place in the ranking goes to Russian President Vladimir Putin. As noted by APEC, his gap from other participants in the rating in January was 2.03 points. However, this information is unlikely to surprise anyone. Previously magazine Forbes called the Russian President the most influential person in the world. At the same time, the publication noted that over the past year, Vladimir Putin has managed to strengthen his control over Russia.
Following the president was Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. In third place is the head of the presidential administration, Sergei Ivanov.
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu also strengthened his position; he moved up two places and thus took fourth place. 
Fifth place goes to First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration Vyacheslav Volodin. Let us remember that in December 2014 he was also among the top 5 leading politicians in the country. But the head of Rosneft, Igor Sechin, slipped three places and took sixth place.
Meanwhile, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov rose to seventh place. He is followed by Finance Minister Anton Siluanov. Presidential Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov ranks ninth. In tenth place is First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov. Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Rogozin takes 12th place, chairman Investigative Committee Alexander Bastrykin gets 18th place, and Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika - 27th.
Regions
As for the regions, the places here were distributed as follows. Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin has slightly strengthened his position; he ranks 11th in the ranking. The position of the governor of the Moscow region is somewhat worse; Andrei Vorobyov occupies 49th place. The head of Crimea, Sergei Aksenov, is in 69th place. By the way, he went up 15 lines. But the governor of the Northern capital, Georgy Poltavchenko, took 74th place. 
Business representatives
There have also been minor changes in the business environment. For example, the head of Rosneft, Igor Sechin, lost two places and took sixth place. Chairman of the Board, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom Alexey Miller immediately loses 11 positions and falls to 20th place.
But Roman Abramovich, on the contrary, adds two lines and is in 24th place. Arkady Rotenberg, despite the news about the construction of the Kerch Bridge, loses two places and falls to 59th place. The head of Rusnano, Anatoly Chubais, strengthens his position and rises seven places, to 85th place.
Average score |
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Very strong influence |
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Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich | |||
Medvedev Dmitry Anatolievich | |||
Ivanov Sergey Borisovich | |||
Shoigu Sergei Kuzhugetovich | |||
Volodin Vyacheslav Viktorovich | |||
Sechin Igor Ivanovich | |||
Lavrov Sergey Viktorovich | |||
Siluanov Anton Germanovich | |||
Peskov Dmitry Sergeevich | |||
Shuvalov Igor Ivanovich | |||
Sobyanin Sergei Semenovich | |||
Rogozin Dmitry Olegovich | |||
Gromov Alexey Alekseevich | |||
Naryshkin Sergey Evgenievich | |||
Kirill (Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus') | |||
Bortnikov Alexander Vasilievich | |||
Nabiullina Elvira Sakhipzadovna | |||
Bastrykin Alexander Ivanovich | |||
Kolokoltsev Vladimir Alexandrovich | |||
Miller Alexey Borisovich | |||
Strong influence |
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Dvorkovich Arkady Vladimirovich | |||
Matvienko Valentina Ivanovna | |||
Gref German Oskarovich | |||
Abramovich Roman Arkadievich | |||
Chemezov Sergey Viktorovich | |||
Golodets Olga Yurievna | |||
Chaika Yuri Yakovlevich | |||
Timchenko Gennady Nikolaevich | |||
Deripaska Oleg Vladimirovich | |||
Kostin Andrey Leonidovich | |||
Morozov Oleg Viktorovich | |||
Patrushev Nikolay Platonovich | |||
Ernst Konstantin Lvovich | |||
Trutnev Yuri Petrovich | |||
Ulyukaev Alexey Valentinovich | |||
Murov Evgeniy Alekseevich | |||
Kovalchuk Yuri Valentinovich | |||
Khloponin Alexander Gennadievich | |||
Zyuganov Gennady Andreevich | |||
Prikhodko Sergey Eduardovich | |||
Artemiev Igor Yurievich | |||
Kozak Dmitry Nikolaevich | |||
Belousov Andrey Removich | |||
Usmanov Alisher Burkhanovich | |||
Dobrodeev Oleg Borisovich | |||
Surkov Vladislav Yurievich | |||
Neverov Sergey Ivanovich | |||
Glazyev Sergey Yurievich | |||
Vorobiev Andrey Yurievich | |||
Golikova Tatyana Alekseevna | |||
Average influence |
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Skvortsova Veronika Igorevna | |||
Fradkov Mikhail Efimovich | |||
Brycheva Larisa Igorevna | |||
Zhukov Alexander Dmitrievich | |||
Yakunin Vladimir Ivanovich | |||
Belyaninov Andrey Yurievich | |||
Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich | |||
Fedorov Nikolay Vasilievich | |||
Rotenberg Arkady Romanovich | |||
Medinsky Vladimir Rostislavovich | |||
Romodanovsky Konstantin Olegovich | |||
Ivanov Viktor Petrovich | |||
Alekperov Vagit Yusufovich | |||
Kadyrov Ramzan Akhmatovich | |||
Timakova Natalia Alexandrovna | |||
Chuichenko Konstantin Anatolievich | |||
Vasiliev Vladimir Abdualievich | |||
Minnikhanov Rustam Nurgalievich | |||
Aksenov Sergey Valerievich | |||
Novak Alexander Valentinovich | |||
Mironov Sergey Mikhailovich | |||
Puchkov Vladimir Andreevich | |||
Manturov Denis Valentinovich | |||
Poltavchenko Georgy Sergeevich | |||
Mutko Vitaly Leontievich | |||
Brechalov Alexander Vladimirovich | |||
Dmitriev Vladimir Alexandrovich | |||
Isaev Andrey Konstantinovich | |||
Zheleznyak Sergey Vladimirovich | |||
Topilin Maxim Anatolievich | |||
Yarovaya Irina Anatolyevna | |||
Donskoy Sergey Efimovich | |||
Levitin Igor Evgenievich | |||
Kudrin Alexey Leonidovich | |||
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich | |||
Kirienko Sergey Vladilenovich | |||
Livanov Dmitry Viktorovich | |||
Voloshin Alexander Stalyevich | |||
Konovalov Alexander Vladimirovich | |||
Kulistikov Vladimir Mikhailovich | |||
Galushka Alexander Anatolievich | |||
Nikiforov Nikolay Anatolievich | |||
Prokhorov Mikhail Dmitrievich | |||
Gerasimov Valery Vasilievich | |||
Chikhanchin Yuri Anatolievich | |||
Beglov Alexander Dmitrievich | |||
Turchak Andrey Anatolievich | |||
Men Mikhail Alexandrovich | |||
Sokolov Maxim Yurievich | |||
Kholmanskikh Igor Rurikovich | |||
Iron Lady UK
How successfully a person copes with the responsibilities assigned to him becomes visible only over time. However, even today there are a number of political figures who have managed to significantly influence history.
The most famous politicians achieved changes, sometimes carrying out quite harsh reforms. Only years later could their compatriots fully appreciate that the harshness was aimed primarily at their benefit. Such politicians undoubtedly include the “Iron Lady” of Great Britain, former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Her fame clearly haunted the modern politician - the “Princess of the Orange Revolution,” Yulia Tymoshenko.
It is worth noting that Mrs. Thatcher served as head of state for 11 years. During this time, she proved herself to be a far-sighted politician and an unusually powerful woman. Although she could never be accused of dishonesty and seeking personal gain. In contrast, Yulia Tymoshenko, the former prime minister of Ukraine, received prison term for exceeding authority, as well as using it for personal gain. Due to latest events on Maidan, Tymoshenko again tried to enter the ranks of the political elite. However, the “princess” lost the presidential election and actually completely lost the trust of its Western partners.
Chinese leader Mao Zedong
For a long time, US influence in Asia was restrained by the great Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a Maoist theorist who until the end of his life headed the People's Republic of China and was, in essence, the only ruler huge country. Today the “bogeyman” for the USA and Europe is the hereditary leader North Korea Kim Chen In. The Western world watches with horror the execution of relatives convicted of corruption, and heeds threats to strike at South Korea and the USA. Ambition young politician really pose a serious threat, since along with the post of leader he received an inherited cult of personality.
The Eminent Abraham Lincoln
Barack Obama is undoubtedly one of the famous politicians. First of all, he is the only African American to win the presidency in the United States. However, this is where political achievements in the name of world peace can be considered complete. Despite constant assurances, Obama was unable to do anything to resolve conflicts in the Middle East. According to surveys conducted American media, 38% of respondents consider Obama the worst president in US history, who cannot be ranked next to such outstanding personalities as Abraham Lincoln or Ronald Reagan.
Vladimir Putin is in power
Significant changes have occurred in Russian politics since Vladimir Putin came to power. It is worth mentioning that, unlike our neighbors, Putin does not seek to get closer to the West, sacrificing the priorities of his own country. Apparently, this is the reason for the new round of cooling in relations between the West and the East. Time will tell how the confrontation between Russian and American interests will end. It would be nice to put aside all mutual grievances and turn to peace, as Mohandas Karamchand “Mahatma” Gandhi once taught, who managed to rid India from the rule of the British Empire without resorting to armed conflicts.
Of course, this is only a small part of the politicians who had a huge impact not only on their country, but also on world history. Who knows what changes the famous politicians of our time will lead to?
There cannot be unprofessional politicians. Non-professionals are either propagandists or professional provocateurs. Statesmen cannot be politicians either. There’s nothing you can do about it – these are the strict limits of the profession. Who can be a politician? The one who exercises power in subordinate bodies and, or the one who fights for power.
“Politics is not the art of the possible; Politics is the art of the impossible,” Vaclav Havel.
“Veterans” of Russian political life
Vladimir Zhirinovsky (born 1946) is one of the world's oldest politicians. In general, this could speak for itself, if not for one circumstance: the extravagant form of presenting information once invented dictates that he remain one of the most prominent and odious politicians of the permanent transition period in the entire post-Soviet space, regardless of age. The benefit of this politician once and for all putting on a mask is a win-win: any of his statements and proposals either become prophetic, or he can refuse them at any time, citing misunderstanding, no matter how fiercely he defended them earlier.
Boris Nemtsov (born 1959) is currently a deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma of the sixth convocation. His political life almost ideal for a real politician: with ups and downs, storms and calms, compromising evidence and revelations of his whistleblowers. He was both a governor and a minister, held positions in the presidential apparatus and the Security Council, created parties, actively participating in modern anti-Kremlin opposition activities.
“There is no reason to refuse lunch with President Putin. But, taking advantage of the opportunity, we must ask him unpleasant questions,” - Vaclav Havel.
Vladimir Ryzhkov (born 1966) is also a moderate politician. He began his career at the age of twenty as an organizer of perestroika rallies and an ardent opponent of the State Emergency Committee. He was a deputy of the State Duma several times. Since 2000, one of the first oppositionists to the existing government. In February 2014, he left the RPR PARNAS party, of which he was one of the founders.
Politicians of the zero generation
Dmitry Gudkov (born 1980) is one of the youngest modern politicians and a popular political blogger. Independent of the State Duma of the sixth convocation. He was from the Just Russia party, but in March 2013 he was expelled from the SR due to irreconcilable differences with the leadership of the party, which pursues a pro-government, not opposition, line. One of the few opposition politicians in the Duma, who consistently defends the opinion of the enlightened layer of the Russian public regarding the inadmissibility of adopting harsh laws that curtail the constitutional rights of citizens.
Sergei Zheleznyak (born 1970) – from the party United Russia. He is more likely to be a type of propagandist, since he systematically disseminates information that is indisputable for members of the largest party in the Duma of the sixth convocation, but controversial from both legal and humanitarian points of view. Initiates laws introducing censorship on the Internet and the media. It must be recognized that its massive impact on public opinion certainly brings the political fruits the party needs.
“Modern man must descend to the very bottom of the spiral of his own absurdity, only then can he look beyond it. It cannot be bypassed or jumped over, it cannot simply be avoided,” Vaclav Havel.
Alexey Navalny (born 1976) is a popular blogger and oppositionist. One of the brightest faces of modern Russian politics. The world's most famous fighter against Russian corruption, especially among officials and political activities in Russia, and the most famous "criminal politician." Currently, 8 criminal cases have been initiated against him. Meanwhile, Navalny is the creator and leader of such anti-corruption projects as: RosPil, RosYama, RosZhKH. While under investigation and trial in the summer of 2013, he participated in the elections for the mayor of Moscow, in which he took second place, gaining about 28 percent of the total votes. On February 28, 2014, the Ministry registered the Progress Party, which he heads. He is also known for the fact that the President of Russia never mentions his name under any circumstances.
“The difference between a statesman and a politician is that a politician focuses on the next election, while a statesman focuses on the next generation,” Winston Churchill.
Mikhail Prokhorov (born 1965) is primarily a businessman, and is involved in politics as a hobby. Despite this, upon entering politics, he immediately gained both supporters and ardent opponents. Founder of the party for the middle class and business “Civic Platform”. Having entered politics only in 2011, by March 2012, participating in the presidential elections, he took an honorable 3rd place in the Russian Federation and an equally honorable 2nd place in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In December 2013, he handed over the reins of the party to his sister Irina Prokhorova, temporarily retiring from active political activity.
It should be noted that it is not easy to identify truly bright and popular modern politicians. Not everyone listed above can correspond to this profession one hundred percent, without deviating into adjacent areas. Many of those who come to mind first when hearing the phrase “the most famous Russian politician“- either they are statesmen, or propagandists, or, having become disillusioned, they have said goodbye to politics forever, or they are dissidents, but position themselves not as politicians, but as public figures.
The ability to govern a country is quite rare. Some achieve their goals by bleeding the whole country, while others carry out smart reforms. There are many people in history who, through their activities, were able to significantly change the face of the country in the time allotted to them. As a result, their contemporaries remember them, honor them, and learn from their activities.
Any actions of great politicians affected millions of people, changing the destinies and appearance of the state. In addition, we often had to fight not only with internal enemies, but also with external ones. One thing is for sure - a politician must be charismatic in order to lead.
And in order to influence society, it is not necessary to be at the very top of power. Sometimes even while in opposition, the politician did a lot for the country. The most famous politicians in the history of civilization will be discussed below. At the same time, it would be useful to recall their most famous phrases.
Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi (1869-1948) Largely thanks to this man, India was able to rid itself of centuries-old British rule. Gandhi's work was based on his philosophy of non-violence, or satyagraha. The politician abandoned the armed struggle, as many others would have done in his place, in favor of a peaceful one. As a result, a powerful movement of supporters of non-violent change emerged in the country. The struggle for independence was carried out through peaceful resistance. Gandhi called on Indians to boycott English institutions and goods; citizens of the country even defiantly violated some laws. Caste inequality, which became the scourge of Indian society, became the subject of Gandhi's struggle. He spoke about the need to get rid of untouchability not only from temples, but also from other spheres of life. Today the name of this politician is revered in India no less than some saints. Gandhi became the spiritual leader of the nation; he devoted his entire life to reconciling the religious strife that was tearing the country apart. Sadly, it was the violence against which the politician fought that became the cause of his death. Gandhi is credited with the following words: “The world is large enough to satisfy the needs of any person, but too small to satisfy human greed” and “If you want a change in the future, be that change in the present.”
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC). This king of Macedonia and creator of a great empire is better known as one of the most successful commanders in world history. But his political activities are often forgotten. But it was he who created a new great state, which was located on three continents, covering an area of more than two million square miles. The empire stretched from Greece in the West to the Danube in the north, with its southern border in Egypt and its eastern border in the Indian Punjab. The entire country was united by a single trade and transport network. At the same time, the emperor managed to found more than 70 new cities. Alexander brought a common and common Greek culture and language to his empire, and he himself did not hesitate to study the customs and morals of other peoples in order to more easily manage them. For his own army, the emperor was an unsurpassed genius and strategist. He set an example of behavior for the soldiers, instilling in them an invincible spirit. Even in his time, in antiquity, no one doubted that Alexander the Great was the greatest commander. Even then he was nicknamed the Great. But Napoleon Bonaparte admired the emperor’s government talents more than his military exploits. For example, in Egypt, Alexander paid a visit to the sacred oracle of the country, Amun, which endeared him to the inhabitants. In addition, he left the former governors to govern the country, expelling the hated Persians and organizing festivities. Alexander, essentially an invader of Egypt, was able to become an idol there. The following phrases are attributed to the great politician and commander: “There cannot be two suns in the sky and two rulers on earth,” “Wars depend on glory, and often a lie that is believed becomes the truth,” “There is nothing more slavish than luxury and bliss.” , and nothing more royal than labor.”
Mao Zedong (1893-1976). This one is Chinese political figure last century, he also became the main theoretician of Maoism. Mao joined the Chinese Communist Party in his youth, and in the 1930s he headed one of the regions in Jiangxi province. During the Long March, Mao managed to become one of the leaders of the country's party. In 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed, and Mao Zedong became its de facto leader until the very end of his life. The rule of a leader is considered to be contradictory. On the one hand, he was able to industrialize the country, raising the standard of living of the poorest segments of the population. Mao managed to unify China, including Inner Mongolia, Tibet and East Turkestan. But these lands had the right to self-determination even after the collapse of the Qing Empire. But we must not forget about the numerous repressions that were condemned not only in capitalist countries, but also in socialist ones. Even a cult of the leader’s personality arose in the country. The most difficult legacy of the politician's rule should be considered the crippled fate of millions of people who suffered from cruel and sometimes senseless campaigns. The Cultural Revolution alone claimed the lives of up to 20 million Chinese, and affected another 100 million. In 1949, Mao came to power in a fragmented, underdeveloped and corrupt country. And he left China powerfully independent and possessing atomic weapons. Illiteracy in the country dropped from 80% to 7%, and the population and life expectancy doubled. The most famous phrases of Mao Zedong are: “The enemy will not disappear on its own,” “It is necessary to work with exceptional diligence. Carelessness is unacceptable, it often leads to mistakes”, “What is thinkable is feasible”, “A person who felt the wind of change should not build a shield from the wind, but a windmill.”
Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965). This statesman and politician determined the life of Great Britain and much of the world during difficult times. Churchill was the prime minister of this country in 1940-1945 and 1951-1955. He is also known as a journalist and writer. The Englishman became one of the “Big Three”, which determined the fate of the world after the end of the Second World War. It was he who largely made the world the way we know it today. Churchill became the most prominent British politician of the last century; he managed to remain in power under six monarchs - from Queen Victoria to her great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth II. There is simply no point in listing Churchill's life achievements - he managed to become talented in everything. For my political activity he was made an honorary citizen of the United States, and his literary works were awarded the Nobel Prize. Political career Churchill began even before the First World War. The Englishman had already fought in the war by that time. And at the end of his career, Churchill managed to attend tests atomic bomb, weapons of the New World. The politician's appearance remained unchanged - a bowler hat, a cane and a cigar. He was also an excellent diplomat, artist and even a gardener on his own estate. A 2002 BBC poll found that the British voted Churchill the greatest Briton in history. In 1955, he left big politics, living out the rest of his days in peace. The basis of Churchill's political portrait was his commitment to democracy and total hatred of dictatorship. It is no coincidence that he said that “Democracy is the most terrible form of government, but humanity has not come up with anything better.” That is why Churchill’s attitude towards the USSR was extremely restrained; this politician coined the term “Iron Curtain” and stood at the origins of “ cold war" Churchill’s other great phrases are: “If the truth is many-sided, then the lie is many-voiced”, “Every medal not only glitters, but also casts a shadow”, “Man has expanded his power over everything except himself”, “First one must be honest, and then then - noble”, “To improve means to change, to be perfect means to change often.”
Nelson Mandela (1918-2013). This man went down in history as the first black president of South Africa. He held this post from 1994 to 1999. Mandela was one of the most famous human rights activists during the apartheid period in the country. He began his political activities for the equality of white and black people in college. In 1944, Mandela became one of the founders of the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League. In South Africa, the politician pursued his line by organizing acts of sabotage and armed resistance to the authorities. For this, Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. At the trial, he made a brilliant speech, where he stated that he was being tried for his desire to build a democratic state in South Africa with equal rights for all citizens. Mandela gained worldwide fame while in solitary confinement in prison. A campaign in defense of the democratic politician swept across the world; demands for his release grew into a struggle against the entire policy of apartheid. After the legalization of the ANC in 1990, Mandela was released. In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Today the elder is no longer involved in active affairs. Mandela managed to peacefully, simply by his irreconcilable position, destroy one of the most monstrous regimes on the planet. At the same time, revolutions, wars, and social upheavals were not needed. Everything happened through fair parliamentary elections. The politician's birthday is celebrated all over the world as International Nelson Mandela Day. Mandela's reign was short but brilliant. Under him, free medical care was introduced for children, 2 million people received electricity, 3 million had access to water, he increased spending on education and social needs. Mandela owns such famous phrases: “To be free means not just to throw off one’s shackles, but to live, respecting and enhancing the freedom of others,” “When you climb a high mountain, a huge number of mountains open before you that have yet to be climbed,” “ One of the highest achievements for a person is to do his duty, regardless of the consequences."
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). This American statesman was the 16th President of the United States. He held this post from 1861 until his death. Lincoln became the first president of Republican Party. He is considered to be a national hero in America, because this man went down in the history of the country as a liberator of slaves. Lincoln takes important place in the minds of Americans. He was able to prevent the collapse of the United States, and under him the formation of the American nation began. And slavery, as a crutch preventing the further normal development of the United States, was abolished. Lincoln laid the foundations for the modernization of the southern states of the country, previously backward and agricultural. Under him, the emancipation of slaves began. Lincoln came up with the basic formulation of democratic goals: “To create a government by the people, of the people, and for the people.” Lincoln was able to build a railroad across the entire continent, connecting the coasts of two oceans. He expanded the state infrastructure, created a new banking system, and was able to solve the agrarian problem. At the end Civil War The government faced many problems. It was necessary to unite the nation and equalize the rights of the population. Lincoln began to do this, but some problems still remain. The President was able to lay the foundations for the future of America; after his death, the United States became the fastest growing country in the world. This determined its current world dominance, which has lasted for a century. Lincoln's strict moral principles allowed him to mobilize all the forces of a divided country and reunite it. Lincoln's most famous phrases: “Whoever denies the freedom of another deserves no freedom himself,” “People who have no faults have very few virtues,” “You can fool a whole people some of the time, you can fool a part of the people all the time, but you cannot deceive everyone all the time”, “Sheep and wolf understand the word “freedom” differently. This is the essence of the disagreements that dominate human society”, “A politician reminds me of a man who killed his father and mother, and then, when he is sentenced, asks for his life on the grounds that he is an orphan”, “Character is like a tree, and reputation is its shadow. We care about the shade, but what we really have to think about is the tree.”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945). This is the only president in US history who was elected to this high post as many as 4 times. Roosevelt became the country's 32nd ruler, serving at the pinnacle of power from 1933 to 1945. The main phrase of the politician: “we have nothing to fear except fear itself.” Roosevelt repeated these words often when talking about the Great Depression and its consequences. The politician was not afraid to experiment at that difficult time; he was constantly looking for new methods of solving problems. These were public works, social security, fair competition codes, assistance to the unemployed and farmers, and price controls. It was Roosevelt who was at the heart of the creation of the UN. The President, through his activities, significantly influenced world history - after all, under him, the United States relatively successfully passed through the Second World War. World War. Very big influence the politician had an impact on the socio-economic life of the country, because he had to deal with the consequences of the Great Depression that hit the United States in the 30s. Biographers of the politician recalled that he was a rather secretive person who was difficult to understand. On his face there was a mask of complacency and secrecy, with which Roosevelt was content. The president’s most famous words were: “I ask you to judge me by the enemies I have made,” “I’m not the smartest guy in the world, but I know how to select smart employees,” “Rules are not always sacred, but principles are,” “ Hungry unemployed people are cadres for dictatorship”, “Don’t go into politics if your skin is a little thinner than that of a rhinoceros.”
Akbar the Great (1542-1605). This padishah belonged to the Great Mughal dynasty, his distant ancestor was Tamerlane himself. Akbar was nicknamed "Indian Solomon for his wisdom." This padishah was able to significantly expand the borders of his country. He conquered northern Hindustan, including Gujerat, Kashmir and the Indus lands. As a commander, he was a successful and valiant warrior, who was distinguished by his generosity towards the vanquished. But Akbar also went down in history as a wise politician. He avoided unnecessary bloodshed, often achieving his goals through peaceful negotiations, dynastic marriages and unions. Akbar went down in history as a connoisseur of science and art; the best poets, musicians, scientists and artists constantly visited his palace. The ruler was able to create a painting school and a valuable library, which contained 24 thousand volumes. Akbar introduced unified system taxation, and in case of crop failure no funds were collected. The tax on non-Muslims was also abolished. A unified system of weights and measures, a unified calendar appeared in the empire, and much attention was paid to trade. The main task of Akbar the Great was the reconciliation of all the numerous peoples inhabiting his expanded state. The padishah remained in power for almost 50 years, becoming ruler at the age of 14. Under him, a huge empire, under the supervision and care of its padishah, reached a peak that had never been seen before or since. Akbar went down in history as the Great. This wise ruler was able to unite different peoples. His ideas of the unity of all religions are still relevant today.
Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013). This woman is the most famous among politicians. She was the only one who was Prime Minister of Great Britain. She held this post from 1979 to 1990. All this time she was the most powerful woman in the world. As a politician, Thatcher was a strong personality, but honest. She was not afraid to be stubborn, but she could put herself in the position of her opponent. This woman was ambitious, she was distinguished by equanimity and composure in all situations. In the male-oriented political elite, Thatcher was able to reach the very pinnacle of power. To achieve this, she dedicated her entire life to the struggle and pursuit of this goal. Margaret's career progressed in small steps, because she came from a low-income class. It seemed impossible for a person from that environment, and even a woman, to achieve high goals. Thatcher accomplished the impossible - the daughter of a small shop owner, who grew up in a house without running water, was able to break into male politics and take the post of Prime Minister of Great Britain. Thatcher came to power when the country was in dire need of reform. During her reign, GDP grew by 23%, employment by 33%, and spending on law and order by 53%. She reduced unemployment and introduced tax reforms. Thatcher's foreign policy focused on the United States. The prime minister supported Reagan's initiatives regarding the USSR. The woman was not afraid to start a war for the Falkland Islands, defending the positions and prestige of Great Britain. It is no coincidence that Thatcher was nicknamed the “Iron Lady” for her firmness and integrity. She is credited with the following words: “Any woman who understands the problems that arise in running a home can understand the problems that arise in running a country,” “I am extremely patient, provided that in the end it turns out my way,” “Women are much more better than men know how to say “no”, “It is not at all necessary to agree with the interlocutor in order to find a common language with him”, “Free cheese only comes in a mousetrap.”
Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BC). This great ruler of the Qin kingdom. The virtue of Shi Huangdi is called his activity in stopping centuries-old history Chinese warring kingdoms. In 221 BC. he was able to create in Inner China centralized state, becoming its sole ruler. During the massive campaign to unify the country, important reforms were implemented to consolidate results achieved. The emperor proclaimed that all chariots should have an axle of the same length, and all hieroglyphs should be written in a standard way. As a result of such positions, a unified road system was created in the country, and the disparate writing system was replaced by a unified one. The Emperor also introduced a unified monetary system, a system of weights and measures. To suppress local trends toward sovereignty, Qin Shi Huang divided his empire into 36 military regions. The walls surrounding the former kingdoms were demolished. Only their northern part remained, having strengthened them, the Great Chinese Wall, which protected the country from the attacks of nomads. Shi Huangdi was rarely in the capital, constantly traveling around the country. The authority of the emperor was so great that a huge funeral complex was built in his honor during his lifetime. It was built by 700 thousand people, and the burial perimeter was 6 kilometers. It is curious that, unlike his predecessors, the emperor abandoned human sacrifices. The tomb was found only in 1974, and is still being studied. There turned out to be a whole terracotta army of 8099 soldiers.
Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970). This French general managed to transform from a brilliant military man into an equally talented politician. Charles de Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic, becoming its first president in 1959. The general gained fame from his leadership of the French Resistance during World War II. During his life, he managed to become a real symbol of the freedom of France, as Joan of Arc once was. In fact, Charles de Gaulle took control of the country twice. Each time she was on the verge of disaster, and the politician returned her international prestige and put the economy in order. In foreign policy, France has become an independent player, abruptly leaving the influence of the United States. There is a lot of talk not only about the merits of de Gaulle as a politician, but also about his mistakes. Surprisingly, this talented military theorist did not participate in a single historically important battle. Nevertheless, he managed to save France from defeat. The military man, not familiar with the economy, was able to effectively govern the country during two presidential terms and lead it out of the crisis. The whole point is that de Gaulle knew how to effectively manage the affairs entrusted to him - be it a rebel committee or a government big country. De Gaulle's most famous words were: “Politics is too serious a matter to be entrusted to politicians”, “Always choose the most hard way- there you will not meet competitors”, “The deep motivating reason for the activity of the best and most strong people is their desire for power."
The Russian Federation is a great state, occupying first place on the planet in terms of territory and national wealth. However, its main pride is its outstanding citizens who have left a noticeable mark on history. Our country has raised a huge number of famous scientists, politicians, military leaders, athletes and artists of world renown. Their achievements allowed Russia to occupy one of the leading positions in the list of superpowers on the planet.
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Who are they, outstanding citizens of Russia? The list can be continued endlessly, because every period in the history of our Fatherland has its great people who became famous in different fields of activity. Among the most bright personalities, which to one degree or another influenced the course of both Russian and world history, it is worth mentioning the following:
- Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
- Peter the Great.
- Alexander Suvorov.
- Mikhail Lomonosov.
- Dmitriy Mendeleev.
- Yuri Gagarin.
- Andrey Sakharov.
Minin and Pozharsky
The outstanding citizen of Russia Kuzma Minin and his equally famous contemporary Prince Dmitry Pozharsky went down in history as the liberators of Russian lands from Polish invaders. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Time of Troubles began in the Russian state. The crisis, which engulfed many areas of life, was aggravated by the presence of impostors on the capital’s throne. In Moscow, Smolensk and a number of other cities, the Polish gentry ruled in full swing, and the western borders of the country were occupied by Swedish troops.
In order to drive out foreign invaders from Russian lands and liberate the country, the clergy called on the population to create a people's militia and liberate the capital from the Poles. The Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), who, although not of noble origin, responded to the call, but was a true patriot of his Motherland. In a short time he managed to gather an army from the inhabitants Nizhny Novgorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky from the Rurik family agreed to head it.
Gradually, residents of surrounding cities, dissatisfied with the dominance of the Polish gentry in Moscow, began to join the people's militia of Nizhny Novgorod. By the fall of 1612, the army of Minin and Pozharsky numbered about 10 thousand people. At the beginning of November 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod militia managed to expel the Poles from the capital and force them to sign an act of surrender. The successful operation was made possible thanks to the skillful actions of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818, the memory of the heroic liberators of Moscow was immortalized by the sculptor I. Martos in a monument erected on Red Square.
Peter the First
The significance of the reign of Peter I, nicknamed the Great State for his services to the state, is difficult to overestimate. An outstanding citizen of Russia, Peter the Great was on the throne for 43 years, coming to power at the age of 17. He turned the country into greatest empire, founded the city of St. Petersburg on the Neva and moved the capital to it from Moscow, carried out a number of successful military campaigns, thanks to which he significantly expanded the borders of the state. Peter The great one began trade with Europe, founded the Academy of Sciences, opened many educational institutions, introduced compulsory study foreign languages, forced representatives of the noble classes to wear secular attire.
The significance of the reign of Peter I for Russia
The sovereign's reforms strengthened the economy and science, contributed to the development of the army and navy. His successful domestic and foreign policies became the basis for the further growth and development of the state. Voltaire highly appreciated the internal transformations of Russia in Peter's times. He wrote that the Russian people managed to achieve in half a century what other nations could not achieve in 500 years of their existence.
A. V. Suvorov
The most outstanding citizen of Russia of the second half of the 18th century is, of course, great commander, Generalissimo of the Russian Land and naval forces Alexander Suvorov. This talented military leader fought more than 60 major battles and was not defeated in any of them. The army under the command of Suvorov managed to win even in cases where the enemy forces significantly outnumbered it. The commander took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1791, brilliantly commanded Russian troops during the storming of Prague in 1794, and in the last years of his life he led the Italian and Swiss campaigns.
In battles, Suvorov used combat tactics that he personally developed, which were significantly ahead of their time. He did not recognize military drill and instilled in his soldiers a love for the Fatherland, considering it the key to victory in any battle. The legendary commander made sure that during military campaigns his army was provided with everything necessary. He heroically shared all the hardships with the soldiers, thanks to which he enjoyed great authority and respect among them. For his victories, Suvorov was awarded all the awards that existed in his time. Russian Empire high military awards. In addition, he was a holder of seven foreign orders.
M. V. Lomonosov
Outstanding citizens of Russia glorified their country not only in the art of statecraft or military tactics. Mikhail Lomonosov belongs to the cohort of the greatest Russian scientists who made a huge contribution to the development of world science. Born into a poor family and unable to receive a decent education, he early childhood He was highly intelligent and thirsty for knowledge. Lomonosov's desire for science was so strong that at the age of 19 he left his village, walked to Moscow and entered the Slavic-Greco-Roman Academy. This was followed by studies at St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences. To improve knowledge on natural sciences Mikhail was sent to Europe. At 34, the young scientist became an academician.
Without exaggeration, Lomonosov can be considered a universal person. He had brilliant knowledge of chemistry, physics, geography, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, history, and genealogy. In addition, the scientist was an excellent poet, writer and artist. Lomonosov made many discoveries in physics, chemistry and astronomy, and became the founder of the science of glass. He owns the project for the creation of Moscow University, which was later named after him.
D. I. Mendeleev
Worldwide famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Having been born in Tobolsk in the family of a gymnasium director, he had no barriers to receiving an education. At the age of 21, young Mendeleev graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute with a gold medal. A few months later, he defended his dissertation for the right to lecture and began teaching practice. At the age of 23, Mendeleev was awarded a master's degree in chemistry. From this age he began teaching at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg. At the age of 31 he became a professor of chemical technology, and after 2 years - a professor of general chemistry.
Worldwide fame of the great chemist
In 1869, at the age of 35, Dmitry Mendeleev made a discovery that made him famous throughout the world. We are talking about the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. It became the basis for all modern chemistry. Attempts to systematize elements by properties and atomic weight were made before Mendeleev, but he was the first who managed to clearly formulate the pattern existing between them.
The periodic table is not the only achievement of the scientist. He wrote many fundamental works on chemistry and initiated the creation of the Chamber of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. D.I. Mendeleev was a holder of eight honorary orders of the Russian Empire and foreign countries. He was awarded a doctorate from the Turin Academy of Sciences, Oxford, Cambridge, Priston, Edinburgh and Göttingen universities. Mendeleev's scientific authority was so high that he was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times. Unfortunately, the winners of this prestigious international award were different scientists each time. However this fact does not in any way diminish the merits of the famous chemist to the Fatherland.
Yu. A. Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin - an outstanding citizen of Russia Soviet era. April 12, 1961 on spaceship Vostok-1 was the first time in the history of mankind that it flew into space. Having spent 108 minutes in Earth's orbit, the cosmonaut returned to the planet as an international hero. Even world movie stars could envy Gagarin’s popularity. He made official visits to more than 30 foreign countries and traveled throughout the USSR.
Outstanding Russian citizen Yuri Gagarin was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union and the highest insignia of many countries. He was preparing for a new space flight, but a plane crash that happened in March 1968 in the Vladimir region tragically cut short his life. Having lived only 34 years, Gagarin became one of the greatest people XX century. Streets and squares in all major cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after him, and monuments to him have been erected in many foreign countries. In honor of Yuri Gagarin's flight, International Cosmonautics Day is celebrated all over the world on April 12.
A. D. Sakharov
In addition to Gagarin, there were many other outstanding Russian citizens in the Soviet Union. The USSR became famous throughout the world thanks to academician Andrei Sakharov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of physics. In 1949, together with Yu. Khariton, he developed a project for a hydrogen bomb - the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. In addition, Sakharov conducted a lot of research on magnetic hydrodynamics, gravity, astrophysics, and plasma physics. In the mid-70s, he predicted the emergence of the Internet. In 1975, the academician was awarded Nobel Prize peace.
In addition to science, Sakharov was engaged in active human rights activities, for which he fell out of favor with the Soviet leadership. In 1980, he was stripped of all titles and highest awards, after which he was deported from Moscow to Gorky. After the start of Perestroika, Sakharov was allowed to return to the capital. Last years he continued to do his life scientific activity, and was also elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council. In 1989, the scientist worked on a draft of a new Soviet constitution, which proclaimed the right of peoples to statehood, but sudden death did not allow him to complete the work he had started.
Outstanding citizens of Russia of the 21st century
Today in our country there live a huge number of people who glorify it in politics, science, art and other fields of activity. The most famous scientists of our time are physicists Mikhail Allenov and Valery Rachkov, urbanist Denis Vizgalov, historian Vyacheslav Vorobyov, economist Nadezhda Kosareva, etc. Outstanding artists of the 21st century include artists Ilya Glazunov and Alena Azernaya, conductors Valery Gergiev and Yuri Bashmet, opera singers Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Anna Netrebko, actors Sergei Bezrukov and Konstantin Khabensky, directors Nikita Mikhalkov and Timur Bekmambetov and others. Well, the most outstanding politician in Russia today is its President, Vladimir Putin.
