Last visit beaufort scale. Beaufort scale - wind force and sea conditions

The movement of air above the Earth's surface in a horizontal direction is called by the wind. The wind always blows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

Wind characterized by speed, force and direction.

Wind speed and strength

Wind speed measured in meters per second or points (one point is approximately equal to 2 m/s). The speed depends on the pressure gradient: the greater the pressure gradient, the higher the wind speed.

The strength of the wind depends on the speed (Table 1). The greater the difference between neighboring areas earth's surface, the stronger the wind.

Table 1. Wind strength at the earth's surface according to the Beaufort scale (at a standard height of 10 m above an open, flat surface)

Beaufort points	Verbal definition of wind force	Wind speed, m/s	Wind action
Beaufort points	Verbal definition of wind force	Wind speed, m/s
			Calm. Smoke rises vertically	Mirror smooth sea
			The direction of the wind is noticeable from the direction of the smoke, but not from the weather vane	Ripples, no foam on the ridges
			The movement of the wind is felt on the face, the leaves rustle, the weather vane moves	Short waves, crests do not capsize and appear glassy

	The leaves and thin branches of the trees sway all the time, the wind flutters the upper flags	Short, well defined waves. The ridges, overturning, form a glassy foam, occasionally small white lambs are formed
Moderate	The wind raises dust and pieces of paper and moves thin tree branches.	The waves are elongated, white caps are visible in many places
	Thin tree trunks sway, waves with crests appear on the water	Well developed in length, but not very large waves, white caps are visible everywhere (in some cases splashes are formed)
	Thick tree branches sway, telegraph wires hum	Large waves begin to form. White foamy ridges occupy significant areas (splashes are likely)
	The tree trunks are swaying, it’s difficult to walk against the wind	The waves pile up, the crests break off, the foam lies in stripes in the wind
Very strong	The wind breaks tree branches, it is very difficult to walk against the wind	Moderately high long waves. Spray begins to fly up along the edges of the ridges. Strips of foam lie in rows in the direction of the wind
	Minor damage; the wind tears off smoke hoods and tiles	High waves. The foam falls in wide dense stripes in the wind. The crests of the waves begin to capsize and crumble into spray, which impairs visibility

Heavy storm		Significant destruction of buildings, trees are uprooted. Rarely happens on land	Very high waves with long, downward-curving crests. The resulting foam is blown away by the wind in large flakes in the form of thick white stripes. The surface of the sea is white with foam. The strong roar of the waves is like blows. Visibility is poor
Fierce Storm		Large destruction over a large area. Very rarely observed on land	Exceptionally high waves. Small and medium-sized vessels are sometimes hidden from view. The sea is all covered with long white flakes of foam, located downwind. The edges of the waves are blown into foam everywhere. Visibility is poor
	32.7 or more		The air is filled with foam and spray. The sea is all covered with stripes of foam. Very poor visibility

Beaufort scale— a conventional scale for visually assessing the strength (speed) of the wind in points based on its effect on ground objects or on sea waves. It was developed by the English admiral F. Beaufort in 1806 and at first was used only by him. In 1874, the Standing Committee of the First Meteorological Congress adopted the Beaufort scale for use in International Synoptic Practice. In subsequent years, the scale was changed and refined. The Beaufort scale is widely used in maritime navigation.

Direction of the wind

Direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which it blows, for example, the wind blowing from the south is south. The direction of the wind depends on the pressure distribution and the deflecting effect of the Earth's rotation.

On climate map the prevailing winds are shown by arrows (Fig. 1). The winds observed at the earth's surface are very diverse.

You already know that the surface of land and water heats up differently. On a summer day, the land surface heats up more. When heated, the air over land expands and becomes lighter. At this time, the air above the reservoir is colder and, therefore, heavier. If the body of water is relatively large, on a quiet hot summer day on the shore you can feel a light breeze blowing from the water, above which it is higher than above the land. Such a light breeze is called a daytime breeze breeze(from the French brise - light wind) (Fig. 2, a). The night breeze (Fig. 2, b), on the contrary, blows from land, since the water cools much more slowly and the air above it is warmer. Breezes can also occur at the edge of the forest. The breeze diagram is shown in Fig. 3.

Rice. 1. Distribution diagram of the prevailing winds on the globe

Local winds can occur not only on the coast, but also in the mountains.

Föhn- a warm and dry wind blowing from the mountains to the valley.

Bora- gusty, cold and strong wind that appears when cold air passes through low ridges to the warm sea.

Monsoon

If the breeze changes direction twice a day - day and night, then seasonal winds - monsoons- change their direction twice a year (Fig. 4). In summer, the land quickly warms up, and the air pressure above its surface increases. At this time, cooler air begins to move inland. In winter, the opposite is true, so the monsoon blows from land to sea. With the change from the winter monsoon to the summer monsoon, there is a change from dry, partly cloudy weather to rainy.

The effect of monsoons is strongly manifested in the eastern parts of the continents, where they are adjacent to vast expanses of oceans, so such winds often bring heavy precipitation to the continents.

Uneven nature of atmospheric circulation in different areas globe determines differences in the causes and patterns of monsoons. As a result, a distinction is made between extratropical and tropical monsoons.

Rice. 2. Breeze: a - daytime; b - night

Rice. 3. Breeze pattern: a - during the day; b - at night

Rice. 4. Monsoons: a - in summer; b - in winter

Extratropical monsoons - monsoons of temperate and polar latitudes. They are formed as a result of seasonal pressure fluctuations over the sea and land. The most typical zone of their distribution is Far East, Northeast China, Korea, and to a lesser extent Japan and the northeast coast of Eurasia.

Tropical monsoons - monsoons of tropical latitudes. They are caused by seasonal differences in heating and cooling of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. As a result, pressure zones shift seasonally relative to the equator to the hemisphere in which given time summer. Tropical monsoons are most typical and persistent in the northern Indian Ocean basin. This is greatly facilitated by seasonal change regime atmospheric pressure over the Asian continent. The fundamental features of the climate of this region are associated with the South Asian monsoons.

The formation of tropical monsoons in other areas of the globe occurs less characteristically, when one of them is more clearly expressed - winter or summer monsoon. Such monsoons are observed in Tropical Africa, in northern Australia and in the equatorial regions of South America.

Constant winds of the Earth - trade winds And westerly winds- depend on the position of the atmospheric pressure belts. Since in equatorial belt Low pressure prevails, and near 30° N. w. and Yu. w. - high, at the surface of the Earth throughout the year the winds blow from the thirties latitudes to the equator. These are trade winds. Under the influence of the Earth's rotation around its axis, trade winds deviate to the west in the Northern Hemisphere and blow from northeast to southwest, and in the Southern Hemisphere they are directed from southeast to northwest.

From high pressure belts (25-30° N and S latitude), winds blow not only towards the equator, but also towards the poles, since at 65° N. w. and Yu. w. low pressure prevails. However, due to the rotation of the Earth, they gradually deviate to the east and create air currents moving from west to east. Therefore, in temperate latitudes, westerly winds predominate.

Accepted for use in international synoptic practice. It originally did not include wind speed (added in 1926). In 1955, to distinguish between hurricane winds different strengths, The US Weather Bureau expanded the scale to 17 points.

It is worth noting that the wave heights in the scale are given for the open ocean, not the coastal zone.

Beaufort points	Verbal definition of wind force	average speed wind, m/s	Average wind speed, km/h	Average wind speed, knots	Wind action
Beaufort points	Verbal definition of wind force	average speed wind, m/s	Average wind speed, km/h	Average wind speed, knots	on the land	on the sea
0	Calm	0-0,2	< 1	0-1	Calm. Smoke rises vertically, tree leaves are motionless	Mirror smooth sea
1	Quiet	0,3-1,5	1-5	1-3	The direction of the wind is noticeable from the drift of the smoke, but not from the weather vane.	There are no ripples, no foam on the crests of the waves. Wave height up to 0.1 m
2	Easy	1,6-3,3	6-11	3,5-6,4	The movement of the wind is felt by the face, the leaves rustle, the weather vane is set in motion	Short waves with a maximum height of up to 0.3 m, the crests do not overturn and appear glassy
3	Weak	3,4-5,4	12-19	6,6-10,1	The leaves and thin branches of the trees sway all the time, the wind flutters light flags	Short, well defined waves. The ridges, overturning, form glassy foam. Occasionally small lambs are formed. Average height waves 0.6 m
4	Moderate	5,5-7,9	20-28	10,3-14,4	The wind raises dust and debris and moves thin tree branches	The waves are elongated, whitecaps are visible in many places. Maximum wave height up to 1.5 m
5	Fresh	8,0-10,7	29-38	14,6-19,0	Thin tree trunks sway, the movement of the wind is felt by the hand	Well-developed in length, but not large waves, maximum wave height 2.5 m, average - 2 m. Whitecaps are visible everywhere (in some cases splashes are formed)
6	Strong	10,8-13,8	39-49	19,2-24,1	Thick tree branches sway, telegraph wires hum	Large waves begin to form. White foamy ridges occupy large areas and splashes are likely. Maximum wave height - up to 4 m, average - 3 m
7	Strong	13,9-17,1	50-61	24,3-29,5	Tree trunks sway	The waves pile up, the crests of the waves break off, the foam lies in stripes in the wind. Maximum wave height up to 5.5 m
8	Very strong	17,2-20,7	62-74	29,7-35,4	The wind breaks tree branches, it is very difficult to walk against the wind	Moderately high long waves. Spray begins to fly up along the edges of the ridges. Strips of foam lie in rows in the direction of the wind. Maximum wave height up to 7.5 m, average - 5.5 m
9	Storm	20,8-24,4	75-88	35,6-41,8	Minor damage, the wind begins to destroy the roofs of buildings	High waves (maximum height - 10 m, average - 7 m). The foam falls in wide dense stripes in the wind. The crests of the waves begin to capsize and crumble into spray, which impairs visibility
10	Heavy storm	24,5-28,4	89-102	42,0-48,8	Significant damage to buildings, wind uprooting trees	Very high waves (maximum height - 12.5 m, average - 9 m) with long crests curving down. The resulting foam is blown away by the wind in large flakes in the form of thick white stripes. The surface of the sea is white with foam. The strong crash of the waves is like blows
11	Fierce Storm	28,5-32,6	103-117	49,0-56,3	Large destruction over a large area. It is observed very rarely.	Visibility is poor. Exceptionally high waves (maximum height - up to 16 m, average - 11.5 m). Small and medium-sized vessels are sometimes hidden from view. The sea is all covered with long white flakes of foam, located downwind. The edges of the waves are blown into foam everywhere
12	Hurricane	> 32,6	> 117	> 56	Enormous destruction, buildings, structures and homes were seriously damaged, trees were uprooted, vegetation was destroyed. The case is very rare.	Exceptionally poor visibility. The air is filled with foam and spray. The sea is all covered with stripes of foam
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Links

Description of the Beaufort scale with photographs of the state of the sea surface.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

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See what the “Beaufort Scale” is in other dictionaries:

BEAUFORT SCALE- (Beaufort scale) at the beginning of the 19th century. English Admiral Beaufort proposed to determine the wind force by the windage that the ship itself or other sailing ships in its visibility can carry at the moment of observation, and to evaluate this force with scale points ... ... Maritime Dictionary

Beaufort scale- a conventional scale for visually assessing the strength (speed) of wind, based on its impact on ground objects or on the water surface. Used primarily for ship observations. Has 12 points: 0 calm (0 0.2 m/s), 4 moderate... ... Dictionary of emergency situations

Beaufort scale- A scale for determining wind strength, based on a visual assessment of the state of the sea, expressed in points from 0 to 12 ... Dictionary of Geography

Beaufort scale- 3.33 Beaufort scale: A twelve-point scale adopted by the World Meteorological Organization to approximate wind speed by its effect on objects on land or by waves on the high seas. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Beaufort scale- a scale for determining wind strength by visual assessment, based on the effect of wind on the state of the sea or on land objects (trees, buildings, etc.). Used primarily for observations from sea vessels. Adopted in 1963 by the World... ... Geographical encyclopedia

A conventional scale in points in the form of a table for expressing the speed (strength) of the wind by its effect on ground objects, by rough seas and the ability of the wind to propel sailing ships. The scale was proposed in 1805-1806. British Admiral F. ... ... Dictionary of winds

BEAUFORT SCALE- wind force assessment system. Proposed by the English hydrographer F. Beaufort in 1806. It is based on the visual perception of the effect of wind on the water surface, smoke, flags, ship superstructures, on the shore, and structures. The assessment is made in points... ... Marine encyclopedic reference book

Beaufort scale- a conventional scale in points from 0 to 12 for a visual assessment of the strength (speed) of the wind in points based on roughness at sea or on the effect of ground objects: 0 points (no wind 0 0.2 m/s); 4 moderate wind (5.5 7.9 m/s); 6 strong wind (10.8 13.8 m/s); 9… … Glossary of military terms

BEAUFORT SCALE- In damage management: a conventional scale for visually assessing and recording wind strength (speed) in points or sea waves. It was developed and proposed by the English admiral Francis Beaufort in 1806. Since 1874 it has been adopted for use in... ... Insurance and risk management. Terminological dictionary

Beaufort scale- The Beaufort scale is a twelve-point scale adopted by the World Meteorological Organization to approximate wind speed by its effect on land objects or by waves on the high seas. Average wind speed is indicated on... ... Wikipedia

BEAUFORT SCALE, a conventional scale for visually assessing the strength (speed) of the wind in points based on its effect on ground objects or on sea waves. English was developed. adm. F. Beaufort in 1805. In 1874 Permanent Committee of the 1st Meteorological. Congress adopted B. sh. for use in international synoptic practice. In subsequent years, B. sh. changed and clarified. In 1963 World Meteorological. The organization adopted the B. sh., shown in the table. B. sh. widely used in marine navigation.

Beaufort scale
Point Beaufort	Name wind forces	Wind speed*, m/s	Wind action
Point Beaufort	Name wind forces	Wind speed*, m/s	on the land	on the sea
0	Calm	0-0.2	Smoke rises vertically	Mirror-smooth sea
1	Quiet	0.3-1.5	The direction of the wind is noticeable from the drift of the smoke, but not from the weather vane.	Ripples, no foam on the ridges
2	Easy	1.6-3.3	The movement of the wind is felt by the face, the leaves rustle, the weather vane is set in motion	Short waves, crests do not capsize and appear glassy
3	Weak	3.4-5.4	The leaves and thin branches of the trees sway all the time, the wind flutters the upper flags	Short, well defined waves. The ridges, overturning, form a glassy foam, occasionally small white lambs are formed
4	Moderate	5.5-7.9	The wind raises dust and pieces of paper and moves thin tree branches.	The waves are elongated, white caps are visible in many places
5	Fresh	8.0-10.7	Thin tree trunks sway	Well developed in length, but not very large waves with crests, white caps are visible everywhere (in some cases splashes are formed)
6	Strong	10.8-13.8	Thick tree branches sway, telegraph wires hum	Large waves begin to form. White foamy ridges occupy large areas (splashes are likely)
7	Strong	13.9-17.1	The tree trunks are swaying, it’s difficult to walk against the wind	The waves pile up, the crests break off, the foam lies in stripes in the direction of the wind
8	Very strong	17,2-20,7	The wind breaks tree branches, it is very difficult to walk against the wind	Moderately high long waves. Spray begins to fly up along the edges of the ridges. Strips of foam lie in rows in the direction of the wind
9	Storm	20.8-24.4	Minor damage: wind blows smoke caps and roof tiles off	High waves. The foam falls in wide, dense stripes in the direction of the wind. The crests of the waves begin to capsize and crumble into spray, which impairs visibility
10	Heavy storm	24.5-28.4	Significant destruction of buildings, trees are uprooted. Rarely happens on land	Very high waves with long, downward-curving crests. The resulting foam is blown away by the wind in large flakes in the form of thick white stripes. The surface of the sea is white with foam. The strong roar of the waves is like blows. Visibility is poor
11	Fierce Storm	28.5-32,6	Large destruction over a large area. Very rarely observed on land	Exceptionally high waves. Small and medium-sized vessels are sometimes hidden from view. The sea is all covered with long white flakes of foam, located in the direction of the wind. The edges of the waves are blown into foam everywhere. Visibility is poor
12	Hurricane	32.7 or more	Not observed on land	The air is filled with foam and spray. The sea is all covered with stripes of foam. Very poor visibility

* At a standard height of 10 m above an open, level surface.

Wind speed can be assessed visually by its effect on objects surrounding the observer. In 1805 Francis Beaufort(Francis Beaufort), a sailor of the British Navy, developed a 12-point scale to characterize the strength of the wind at sea. allows you to estimate wind speed without using any instruments. In 1926, land wind speed estimates were added to this scale. To distinguish between hurricane-force winds of different strengths, the US Weather Bureau expanded the scale to 17 in 1955.

Today, the 12-point scale is adopted by the World Meteorological Organization for an approximate estimate of wind speed by its effect on ground objects or by waves in the open sea. Average wind speed is indicated at a standard height of 10 meters above an open, level surface. Sea roughness is also characterized by points, but different; the anxiety scale has nine points. The table below compares wave scores with wind scores. The wave parameters are given for open waters; in the coastal zone the waves are less.

Beaufort scale table

Points. Designation. Speed in knots.	Signs on the shore	Sea surface condition	Excitement. Points. Characteristic.	Medium waves: height (m)/ period (s)/ length (m)
0. Calm. 0-1	The smoke is vertical.	Mirror smooth surface.	0. There is no excitement.	—
1. Quiet. 1-3	The smoke barely deviates.	Ripple.	1. Weak. The sea is calm.	0,1 / 0,5 / 0,3
2. Lightweight. 4-6	The wind is barely felt on your face. The leaves are rustling.	Small wave crests appear.	2. Low excitement.	0,2 / 0,6 / 1- 2
3. Weak. 7-10	Leaves sway, smoke drifts in the wind.	Short waves. Small ridges, overturning, form glassy foam.	3. Slight excitement.	0,6 –1 / 2 / 6
4. Moderate. 11-16	Twigs sway, dust rises, waves run across the grass.	The waves are moderate and whitecaps are appearing.	4.Moderate excitement.	1-1,5 / 3 / 15
5. Fresh. 17-21	You can feel the wind with your hand and shake the branches.	Waves with frequent white caps and isolated splashes.	4. Rough sea.	1,5-2 / 5 / 30
6. Strong. 22-27	The trees bend, the forest rustles, the grass bends to the ground.	The beginning of the formation of a large wave, large foaming crests.	5. Major disturbance.	2-3 / 7 /50
7. Sturdy. 28-33	Wires hum, gear whistles, trees bend, it’s difficult to walk against the wind.	The waves pile up, the crests break, the foam falls in the wind.	6. Strong excitement.	3-5 / 8 / 70
8. Very strong. 34-40	To go against the wind, you have to bend down. Breaks thin branches and twigs.	The height and length of the waves are noticeably increased, stripes of foam lie in close rows downwind.	7. Very strong excitement.	5-7 / 10 / 100
9. Storm. 41-47	Large trees bend and break branches.	The waves are high, the crests capsizing and crumbling into spray.	8.Very strong excitement.	7-8 / 12 / 150
10. Strong storm. 48-55	Breaks individual trees.	The sea is foamy, water dust and spray are flying, poor visibility.	8.Very strong.	8-11 / 14 / 200
11. Fierce storm. 56-63	Significant damage, breaking tree trunks.		9. Exceptional.	11 / 16 / 250
12. Hurricane. More than 63	Catastrophic destruction.	Exceptionally high waves, the sea is covered with flakes of foam, there is no visibility.	9. Exceptional.	More than 11 / 18 / 300

Wind is a horizontal flow of air that differs in a number of specific characteristics: strength, direction and speed. It was to determine wind speed that the Irish admiral developed a special table at the beginning of the 19th century. The so-called Beaufort scale is still used today. What is the scale? How to use it correctly? And what does the Beaufort scale not allow you to determine?

What is wind?

The scientific definition of this concept is as follows: wind is an air flow that moves parallel to the earth's surface from an area of high to an area of low atmospheric pressure. This phenomenon is characteristic not only of our planet. So, the strongest in solar system winds blow on Neptune and Saturn. And the earthly winds, in comparison with them, may seem like a light and very pleasant breeze.

The wind has always played an important role in human life. He inspired ancient writers to create mythical stories, legends and fairy tales. It was thanks to the wind that a person had the opportunity to overcome significant distances by sea (with the help of sailboats) and by air (by means of balloons). The wind is also involved in the “construction” of many earthly landscapes. Thus, it transports millions of grains of sand from place to place, thereby forming unique aeolian landforms: dunes, dunes and sand ridges.

At the same time, winds can not only create, but also destroy. Their gradient fluctuations can provoke a loss of control over the aircraft. Strong wind significantly expands the scope forest fires, and on large bodies of water it creates huge waves that destroy houses and kill people. This is why it is so important to study and measure wind.

Basic wind parameters

It is customary to distinguish four main parameters of wind: strength, speed, direction and duration. All of them are measured using special devices. The strength and speed of the wind are determined using a so-called anemometer, and the direction - using a weather vane.

Based on the duration parameter, meteorologists distinguish squalls, breezes, storms, hurricanes, typhoons and other types of winds. The direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which it blows. For convenience, they are abbreviated with the following Latin letters:

N (northern).
S (south).
W (western).
E (east).
C (calm).

Finally, wind speed is measured at a height of 10 meters using anemometers or special radars. Moreover, the duration of such measurements is different countries the world is not the same. For example, in American weather stations the average speed of air flows per 1 minute is taken into account, in India - per 3 minutes, and in many European countries- in 10 minutes. The classic tool for presenting data on wind speed and strength is the so-called Beaufort scale. How and when did it appear?

Who is Francis Beaufort?

Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) - Irish sailor, naval admiral and cartographer. He was born in the small town of An Uavy in Ireland. After graduating from school, the 12-year-old boy continued his studies under the leadership of the famous Professor Usher. During this period, he first showed extraordinary ability to study “marine sciences”. As a teenager he entered the service of the East India Company and accepted Active participation in filming the Java Sea.

It should be noted that Francis Beaufort grew up to be a rather brave and courageous guy. Thus, during the shipwreck in 1789, the young man showed great dedication. Having lost all his food and personal belongings, he managed to save the team's valuable tools. In 1794 Beaufort participated in naval battle against the French and heroically towed a ship hit by enemy fire.

Development of the wind scale

Francis Beaufort was extremely hardworking. Every day he woke up at five o'clock in the morning and immediately got to work. Beaufort was a significant authority among military men and sailors. However, he gained worldwide fame thanks to his unique development. While still a midshipman, the inquisitive young man kept a daily diary of weather observations. Later, all these observations helped him create a special wind scale. In 1838 it was officially approved by the British Admiralty.

One of the seas, an island in Antarctica, a river and a cape in northern Canada are named after the famous scientist and cartographer. Francis Beaufort also became famous for creating a polyalphabetic military cipher, which also received his name.

Beaufort scale and its features

The scale represents the earliest classification of winds according to their strength and speed. It was developed based on meteorological observations in open sea conditions. Initially, the classical Beaufort wind scale is twelve-point. Only in the middle of the twentieth century was it expanded to 17 levels so that hurricane-force winds could be distinguished.

Wind strength on the Beaufort scale is determined by two criteria:

According to its effect on various ground objects and objects.
According to the degree of excitement of the open sea.

It is important to note that the Beaufort scale does not allow you to determine the duration and direction of air flows. It contains a detailed classification of winds according to their strength and speed.

Beaufort scale: table for sushi

Below is a table with detailed description the effects of wind on ground objects and objects. The scale, developed by the Irish scientist F. Beaufort, consists of twelve levels (points).

Beaufort scale for sushi

Wind power (in points)	Wind speed	The effect of wind on objects
0	0-0,2	Complete calm. Smoke rises vertically
1	0,3-1,5	The smoke deviates slightly to the side, but the weather vanes remain motionless
2	1,6-3,3	The leaves on the trees begin to rustle, the wind is felt on the skin of the face
3	3,4-5,4	Flags flutter, leaves and small branches sway on the trees
4	5,5-7,9	The wind lifts dust and small debris from the ground
5	8,0-10,7	You can “feel” the wind with your hands. Thin trunks of small trees sway.
6	10,8-13,8	Large branches sway, wires hum
7	13,9-17,1	Tree trunks sway
8	17,2-20,7	Tree branches break. It becomes very difficult to go against the wind
9	20,8-24,4	Wind destroys awnings and roofs of buildings
10	24,5-28,4	Significant damage, wind can tear trees out of the ground
11	28,5-32,6	Large destruction over large areas
12	more than 32.6	Huge damage to houses and buildings. The wind destroys vegetation

Beaufort Table of Sea State

In oceanography there is such a thing as the state of the sea. It includes the height, frequency and strength of sea waves. Below is the Beaufort scale (table), which will help determine the strength and speed of the wind based on these signs.

F. Beaufort scale for the open ocean

Wind power (in points)	Wind speed	Effect of wind on the sea
0	0-1	The surface of the water mirror is perfectly flat and smooth
1	1-3	Small disturbances and ripples appear on the surface of the water
2	4-6	Short waves up to 30 cm in height appear
3	7-10	The waves are short, but clearly defined, with foam and “waddles”
4	11-16	Elongated waves up to 1.5 m in height appear
5	17-21	The waves are long with widespread “lambs”
6	22-27	Large waves with splashes and foamy crests form
7	28-33	Large waves up to 5 m high, foam falls in stripes
8	34-40	High and long waves with powerful spray (up to 7.5 m)
9	41-47	High (up to ten meters) waves are formed, the crests of which overturn and scatter with splashes
10	48-55	Very high waves that capsize with a strong roar. The entire surface of the sea is covered with white foam
11	56-63	The entire water surface is covered with long whitish flakes of foam. Visibility is significantly limited
12	over 64	Hurricane. Visibility of objects is very poor. The air is oversaturated with spray and foam

Thus, thanks to the Beaufort scale, people can observe the wind and estimate its strength. This makes it possible to make the maximum accurate forecasts weather.

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