Lead us on the straight path. Knowledge of the subject of the request
We will give you a condensed interpretation of Al-Fatiha from the tafsir of one of the best interpreters - Ibnu Kathir.
Direct translation:
“In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful! Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Gracious, the Merciful, the Lord of the Day of Retribution! You alone we worship and you alone we pray for help. Lead us direct way. By the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom wrath has fallen, and not those who have gone astray!”
Interpretation:
First verse: “Al-hamdulillahi rabbil-‘alamiyn” - Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds
Abu Ja'far ibn Jarir said: "Al-hamdu lillahi" means sincere gratitude only to Allah, excluding all others who are worshiped besides Him, and excluding all His creatures, for those benefits with which He has blessed His slaves, and which cannot be calculated by anyone except Him.
(This praise and gratitude) is that He has made our organs healthy for worship, and enabled those charged with the duty of worship to fulfill His obligations through the organs bestowed. (This praise and gratitude) also because He generously endowed them in worldly life, gave them food and a prosperous life, although they did not deserve it. (This praise and gratitude) besides this and because He has directed and called them to the means leading to eternal abiding with happy tenants. And praise be to our Lord in the beginning and in the end!”
Ibn Jarir reported from al-Hakam ibn 'Umair, who met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), that he said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If you say: “Al-hamdu lillahi rabbil-'alamiyn" means you thanked Him, and may He increase you."
Ibn Majah narrated from Anas ibn Malik that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whatever good Allah bestows on (His) slave, and the slave says: “Al-hamdu lillah,” then he will certainly be given something better than what he got."
Second verse:"Ar-rahmanir-rahiym" - Gracious, Merciful
In the Sahih of Muslim from Abu Hurairah it is said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If a believer knew how Allah can punish, then no one would ever be able to hope for His Paradise. If the infidel knew what mercy Allah has, then no one would ever lose hope in His Paradise.”
Third verse:“Maliki yawmiddin” - Lord (king) of the Day of Retribution
Ad-Dahhak narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that he said: “The “Day of Retribution” is a day in which no one will have power along with Him, as they were given (certain) power in this world.” He said: “The Day of Retribution is a day of reckoning for the creatures, and it is the Day of Resurrection, in which He will reward them for their deeds: if they did good, then with good, and if they did evil, then with evil. Except only those whom He forgives.” Other people from among the Companions, their followers and predecessors said the same.
Fourth verse:“Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in” - We worship You alone and we pray to You alone for help
As some predecessors said: “Fatihah is the secret of the Koran, and its secret are these words: “You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.”
The first part of the expression “You alone we worship” is a renunciation of associating partners with Allah.
And the second part “and only from You alone do we pray for help” - renunciation of all power and strength and trust in Allah, He is Almighty and Great.
In the hadith of Muslim from Abu Hurairah it is said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Allah Almighty said: I divided the prayer between Me and My servant into two parts, and to My servant what he asked. If a slave says: “Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds,” Allah Almighty says: “My slave praised Me.” If a slave says: “To the Most Gracious and Merciful,” then Allah Almighty says: “My slave has honored Me.” If he (the slave) says: “To the king on the day of judgment,” then Allah says: “My slave has glorified Me.” If (the slave) says: “You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help,” (Allah) says: “This is what is between Me and My slave, and My slave is what he asked.” And if (the slave) says: “Lead us along the straight path, the path of those whom you have blessed, not those who are under anger, and not those who are lost,” (Allah) says: “This is for My servant, and for My servant is what he asked."
Fifth verse:“Ikhdina ssyratal-mustaqim” - Lead us to the straight path
Regarding the words “straight path”, Imam Abu Ja'far at-Tabari said that commentators are unanimous that this means a clear road that has no crookedness.
Tabarani reported that ‘Abdullah ibn Mas’ud said: “The straight path is the path on which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, left us.”
Therefore, Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the best interpretation of this verse is: “Help us to be firm in what You were pleased with and in what You promoted Your servants from among those whom You have blessed, from words and deeds.” "
And this is the straight path, for the one who was assisted in what was assisted by those whom Allah favored from among the prophets, truthful men, martyrs and righteous people, he, verily, was assisted in Islam, the confirmation of the messengers, the steady adherence The Book of Allah, doing what Allah commanded and refraining from what Allah withheld, following the path of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the path of the four caliphs and every righteous slave. And all this is the direct path.
If they ask: “How does a believer ask for guidance on the straight path every time in prayer and outside it, when he will already be characterized by this quality (guided on the straight path, that is, Islam)? Does this require achieving a result (that is, guidance on the straight path, namely, joining Islam), or not?” then the answer to it will be: No. If he did not need to ask for this guidance day and night, Allah Almighty would not have pointed it out to him. Truly, the servant (of Allah) at every time and in every situation needs Allah Almighty to strengthen and strengthen this quality of guidance on the straight path, prudence in it, strengthening this quality and constancy in it. And truly, a servant (of Allah) is not capable of bringing benefit or harm to himself unless Allah wishes it. And therefore Allah instructed him to always ask for help in prolonging it (in this capacity), as well as perseverance and assistance. And happy is the one whom Allah Almighty helped in asking for this guidance. Truly, the Almighty has guaranteed to answer the request of the one asking, especially if it is someone who is in predicament needing Him day and night.
Allah Almighty said:
يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ
“O you who believe! Believe in Allah and His Messenger and the Book that He sent down to His Messenger and the Book that He revealed before” (Women-136). Here Allah commanded those who believed to believe. However, this is not for achieving a result (that is, achieving, obtaining this quality of faith), but for strengthening and constancy in certain actions. And Allah knows best about this.
Sixth verse:“Syratal-lyaziyna an’amta alayhim gairil-magduubi‘alaihim valaddalin” - the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom anger fell, and not those who are lost
Who are those whom Allah has favored?
These are those whom Allah mentioned in Surah “Women-69-70”:
وَمَنْ يُطِعْ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُوْلَئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ وَحَسُنَ أُوْلَئِكَ رَفِيقًا ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ مِنْ اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ عَلِيمًا
“Those who obey Allah and the Messenger will find themselves together with the prophets, the truthful men, the fallen martyrs and the righteous, whom Allah has blessed. How beautiful these satellites are! This is mercy from Allah, and it is enough that Allah knows about everything.”
Ad-Dahhak narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas: “The path of those whom You have blessed with submission to You and worship of You from among Your angels, Your prophets, truthful men, fallen martyrs and righteous people.”
And who are those on whom the wrath of Allah has fallen and those who are lost?
Imam Ahmad narrated in the Musnad through Simak ibn Harb that he heard Abbad ibn Hubaysh tell him from the words of Adiyya ibn Hatim a long hadith, which says, in particular, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Verily, those on whom wrath fell are the Jews, and those who are lost are the Christians.”
Prepared by: Musa Bagilov
1.In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful!
2.Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
3.Merciful, Merciful,
4. To the Lord of the Day of Retribution!
5. You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.
6. Lead us to the straight path,
7. By the way of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom anger has fallen, and not those who are lost.
This Meccan sura is the first in the Koran, and it is the fifth in the order of revelation. Sent down in its entirety. She is also called “Umm-ul-Kitab” - the Mother of the Book. And indeed, Allah, Holy and Great, has collected in this small surah all great meaning Koran. The Quran says about the benefits of Surah Al-Fatihah:
« We have sent down to you the seven repeatable verses and the Great Qur'an."(15:87)
This sura is worthy of standing before any of the suras of the Koran and, truly, is the most repeated of all, because the worshiper pronounces these verses several times in each prayer. It exclusively convincingly and succinctly interprets a person’s attitude towards his Lord in a state of conversion and supplication. It contains extraordinary wisdom, and at the same time, it is easy on the tongue, since it does not contain complex pronunciation rules, and any Muslim can easily learn it. At seven short verses Allah has outlined three most important moments in a person’s life – belief, worship, and life’s path.
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1. In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful!
With these words, we invoke the blessings of Allah on any undertaking, asking Him for good in any endeavor. In addition, they express our trust in the Almighty, the recognition that the result of all affairs depends on Him alone. The reading of any of the surahs of the Koran begins with these words. This serves as a constant reminder that the Quran is the Word of Allah and is not “invented” by Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
2. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds
The Qur'an begins with the praise of Allah. This is the first thing we say, even before we acknowledge the benefits He has given us, or ask for forgiveness, or make a plea. Words of praise are ahead of all others, and this means that Allah is Praiseworthy regardless of anything. People may or may not be grateful to their Creator, but the Power of Allah over the worlds, his Glory will not fade at all from this.
3. To the Gracious, the Merciful
Allah's mercy extends to all creation in this life. It manifests itself in relation to every person, regardless of whether he is a believer and lives in obedience, or an unbeliever and transgresses the boundaries of the laws of Allah. But Allah's mercy is only for those who believe. It concerns them both in this life and in the next, while unbelievers will not receive it in eternity.
4. Lord of the Day of Retribution!
Whether we admit it or not, the Day of Retribution will come, and on that Day all power will belong to Allah Almighty.
5. You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help
This verse is a reasonable conclusion from the previous three. Having praised Allah, a person expresses his love for Him, calling Him Merciful and Merciful, expresses hope for the manifestation of these qualities in relation to himself, pointing to the power of Allah on the Day of Judgment, speaks of his fear of the Almighty. On these three pillars - love, hope and fear - worship stands.
6. Lead us to the straight path
We need guidance from Allah. A person himself cannot walk on the straight path without going astray unless Allah constantly guides him.
7. By the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom anger has fallen, and not those who are lost.
This verse indicates two deviations from the straight path. The first one arouses the wrath of the Almighty. Wrong intentions and sinful actions lead to it. The second is towards misconception. Incorrect theoretical knowledge and fabrications, erroneous beliefs lead to it.
Surah Al-Fatihah in a condensed form includes a mention of all the foundations of faith.
- It reminds us of the blessings that Allah has endowed us with - “Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds”;
- Reminds us of sincerity, which is an indispensable condition for accepting worship - “We worship You alone and we pray to You alone for help”;
- Reminds us of the need to choose the right environment for ourselves - “the way of those whom You have blessed”;
- Warns of the danger of being in a bad environment - “not those on whom anger has fallen, and not those who are lost”;
- Reminds us of the beautiful names of Allah, prayer through which is a way of approaching Him - “Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, Gracious, Merciful”;
The mention of these names also speaks about the basis of Allah's attitude towards his slave.
- Reminds us of perseverance - “Guide us to the straight path.”
- Makes one focus on Eternal Life – “Lord of the Day of Retribution.”
- It contains a prayer, which, as is known, is the essence of worship - “We worship You alone and we pray to You alone for help. Lead us on the straight path."
- Finally, it reminds us of the unity of the Muslim community, since all addresses to Allah in this surah are given in the plural.
The relationship between the surahs "Al Fatiha" and the next one, "Al Baqarah":"Al Fatiha":"Lead us to the straight path"
"Al Bakara":"Alif. Lam. Mim. This Scripture, in which there is no doubt, is a true guide for the God-fearing, who believe in the unseen, perform prayer and spend from what We have provided for them, who believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you, and are convinced of Last life. They follow guidance from their Lord, and they are successful" (1-5)The relationship between the beginning of Surah Al Fatiha and the end of Surah An-Nas(that is, between the first and last sura of the Quran):
"Al Fatiha": "Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds..."
"An-Nas:" "... I seek salvation from the Lord of men. The Ruler of men. From the God of the human race..."
Of course, the interpretation of this surah is not limited to the above. The wisdom of these short verses is inexhaustible. Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “ I could load a caravan with an interpretation of the "Mother of the Scriptures"»
It is important for every Muslim to know the meaning of the words “Ikhdina-s-Syrat-al-mustaqiym” (“Guide us to the Straight Path”), since he reads them in each of his prayers, and he also needs to be able to explain the meaning of these words, if he they will ask about the meaning of this verse.
- The Straight Path is the Clear Path that leads to the pleasure of Allah.
- The Straight Path is the Path that leads to Paradise.
- The Straight Path is Islam, submission to God.
“Guide us to the Straight Path” means: “Show us to the Straight Path, guide us to the Straight Path, help us to follow the Straight Path.” Three meanings, each of which is priceless in its meaning.
“Lead us to the Straight Path” means “Lead us to the Straight Path,” but also “Lead us when we have embarked on the Straight Path,” that is, do not let us stray from it and end up in error!
This prayer from Fatiha contains more meaning than any other prayer. And this prayer is the most useful for a person. And due to the fact that every person most of all needs this prayer, Allah the Almighty has made it obligatory to turn to Him with this prayer in every rak'ah of every prayer.
How accurately these words convey our endless need for God's guidance! We don't just ask Him to lead us to the straight path. We beg Him not to leave us to our own devices and not to leave us without divine guidance, to protect us from the snares of Satan.
By tempting a believer, Satan studies his behavior. He gradually distances him from everything that helps him stay on the straight path. It keeps him from additional prayers and reading the Koran, encourages him to turn a blind eye to minor sins, and arouses interest in idle activities and entertainment. He knows very well that such interests will alienate him from the pious and knowledgeable people that can give helpful advice or warn against sin.
How many misconceptions have spread among Muslims for this reason! Outraged by the murder of the descendants of the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, the Shiites overzealously glorified them. Trying to avoid an anthropomorphic description of Allah, the Mu'tazilites and their followers rejected even those divine attributes which are mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah. Advocating for the reign of Sharia law, the Kharijite sect began to declare all Muslims who had sins and omissions as unbelievers (kafirs). One extreme inevitably led to the other!
Reflecting on this, you understand the meaning of the words of our Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: “Whoever Allah wishes good, teaches him to understand religion” (al-Bukhari and Muslim). That is, a correct understanding of religion, without extremes and delusions, is a huge benefit given to man by the Almighty. That is why it is so important to ask Allah: “Guide us to the straight path!”
O Allah, only You we worship and only You we pray for help! Lead us on the path of those who know the truth and follow it relentlessly, not those who deliberately deviate from the truth, incurring Your wrath, and not those who are mistaken without knowing it! Amen!
(taken from the Commentary of al-Saadi and the Lighter Commentary)
/al-Hidayah/ is clarification and guidance, and then help and suggestion. Explanation and
instruction occurs through messengers, and then assistance occurs
/hidayatul taufiq/. Allah Almighty establishes iman in the heart of man and makes
iman is his favorite. Allah Almighty adorns faith in the human heart. Faith
leaves marks on a person’s heart, he is pleased with her and strives for her.
These are two types /hidaya/. Happiness will become possible only after their unification. These two types involve explaining to people things of the truth that they did not know, in general and in detail. This includes instilling this in slaves. Then a desire appears in the slave’s heart to follow them externally and internally. The creature then does what it is commanded by word, deed and determination. And then the person is strengthened on this until death. Therefore, we understand how much we need this prayer: "Guide us to the straight path." This need is higher than any other need of creation. From here we understand the falsity of words: “If we are already on the straight path, why ask him?” What we do not know of the truth far exceeds what we know. There are as many things we don't do out of laziness as we do, and sometimes more. There are also those things that we want to do, but cannot. There are things we know about in general, but we don’t know the details. And it can't be counted. Therefore we need complete guidance. And even the one who has received /hidaya/ needs to stand firmly on this.
/hidaya/ has one more degree. It will be on the Day of Judgment and this is the path to Paradise. He who has been guided on this path in this life will also be guided on That Day. This path will lead him to Paradise, to the abode of reward. Just as a person stood on the straight path in this world, he will also stand on the path that is located above Fire. And the speed of progress along this path will be similar to the speed with which he walked along the straight path in this world. Among the people there will be those who will fly over this path like lightning. Others will fly by at the speed of sight, and still others at the speed of the wind. There will be those who will pass at the speed of a riding animal, and those who will run, and those who will pass. There will be those who crawl, and some will be touched by the handle, and some will fall into the Fire. So pay attention to your path in this world. Allah Almighty said:
﴾ نﻮﻠﻤﻌـﺗَُ َْ َ ﻢﺘﻨﻛ ْ ُُ ﺎﻣ َ ﻻإﱠ ِ نوﺰﺠﺗَ َْْ ُ ﻞﻫ﴿ ْ َ
“Aren’t you only rewarded for what you did?”(Surah an-Naml, verse 90)
Look at the various doubts and passions that delay you from following the straight path. These are the hooks that will be on the bridge /Syrat/. They will grab you and delay your path. Allah Almighty said:
﴾ ﺪﻴﺒﻌﻠﻟ ِِ َ ْﱢ مﻼﻈﺑٍﱠَ ِ ﻚﺑرَﱡ َ ﺎﻣو﴿ ََ
“Your Lord does not deal unjustly with His servants.”(Surah Fussylat, verse 46)
Therefore in words: "Lead us to the straight path" the acquisition of every good and salvation from evil.
Knowledge of the subject of the request.
The subject of the request is the direct path. No path can be considered straight until it has five qualities:
- Directness /istikama/.
- The path must lead to the desired goal.
- The proximity of this path.
- This path is spacious for all who walk along it.
- This is the only path that can lead to your goal.
The straightness of a path indicates that it is the shortest, since a straight line is the most
short distance between two points. And the more crooked this line is, the longer the path.
The straight path definitely leads to the goal. And if it is established for all creations,
That means it's spacious. This is the path of those whom He has blessed, and other paths lead to
To the wrath of Allah and to delusion.
Allah Almighty said:
| ِ | ِ | ِ | ﱠ | ||||||||||||||
| ﴾ ﺎﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻃاﺮﺻ اﺬﻫ | نَأو﴿ | ||||||||||||||||
| ً | َ | ْ ُ | َ | َ َ | |||||||||||||
| “This is My straight path.” (Sura al-An’am, verse 153) | |||||||||||||||||
| And: | |||||||||||||||||
| ِﱠ | ِ | ِ | ٍ | ِ | ٍ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ﴿ | |||||||
| ﴾ ﻪﻠﻟا طاﺮﺻ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ طاﺮﺻ | ﻰﻟإَ | يﺪﻬـﺘﻟ ﻚﻧإوﱠ | |||||||||||||||
| َ | َ ْ ﱡ | َ | ْ ََ | َ | َ |
“Truly, you point to the straight path - the path of Allah.”(Surah al-Shura, verses 52-53)
People are divided into groups.
People are divided into groups depending on their attitude to truth. And in this surah there is a mention of those who have been blessed by Allah Almighty. Surah al-Fatihah divides people into three groups depending on their knowledge of the truth and their adherence to it. A person either knows the truth or does not know. And the one who knows the truth either acts in accordance with it or contradicts it. It is into these groups that people are divided. And the existence of any other groups is excluded. A slave who knows the truth and acts in accordance with it is one of those whom Allah Almighty has blessed. Such a slave purified his soul through useful knowledge and righteous deeds. He found happiness and Allah Almighty said:
﴾ ﺎﻫﺎَﻛزﱠَ ﻦﻣ َ ﺢﻠـﻓَأْ ﺪﻗ﴿َْ
“He who has purified it (the soul) has succeeded.”(Surah al-Shams, verse 9)
And whoever knows the truth but does not follow it, he is under the Wrath of Allah. Anyone who does not know about the truth is among the lost. However, those who are under the wrath of Allah Almighty are also lost, since they have strayed from the path of righteous deeds. Also, the lost are under His wrath, since they have departed from the path of knowledge and this entailed the abandonment of righteous deeds. But still, the one who learned the truth and left it is closer to being under the Wrath of Allah Almighty. Therefore the Jews are most worthy of this description. As Allah Almighty said:
| ِ ِ | ِ | ِ | ِِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| اوؤﺂﺒـﻓ ﻩدﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﺸﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻀﻓ ﻦﻣ | نَأ ﺎﻴﻐـﺑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﻪﻠﻟاّ لﺰـﻨـﻳُﱢ | ﻪﻠﻟاّ | لﺰـﻧأَ | ﺎﻤﺑ اوﺮﻔﻜﻳ نَأ ﻢﻬﺴﻔﻧَأ ﻪﺑ اوﺮـﺘﺷا ﺎﻤﺴﺌﺑ﴿ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ْ | ُ | َ | َ | َ | ْ | َ َ َ | َ | َ | ْ | َ | َ | ْ | ُ | ُ ْ | َ | ْ ُ َ | ُ | ْ | ْ َ َ ْ َ َ | ْ | |||||||||||||||||
| ُ | ٍ | َُ | ً ْ َ ُ | ََ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ٍ | ِ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﴾ ﺐﻀﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﻀﻐﺑ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| َ | َ | ََ | َ | َ |
and “The bad thing is that they bought with their souls, rejecting what Allah has sent down, envying the fact that Allah sends down His mercy to those of His slaves to whom
wishes. They brought wrath upon themselves, one on top of the other.”(Surah al-Baqarah, verse 90)And also:
| ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ﱠ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﴿ﻗﻞ ﻫﻞ | ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ | ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| أُﻧـﺒﺌﻜﻢَﱢ | اﻟﻠﻪّ | وﻏﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ اﻟْﻘﺮدة واﻟْﺨﻨﺎزﻳﺮ وﻋﺒﺪ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ُ ْ َ ْ | َ ﱟ | ﱢ | َ | َ | َ ُ | ًَ | َ | َ | ََ | ُ اﻟﻠﻪّ ُ | َ َ | َ | ََْ | َ َ َ | َ | ْ ُ ُ | َ َ َ | َ | َ َ | َ | َ ََ َ | ||||||||||||||||
| ﱠ | ِ | ِ | ﴾ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| اﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮت أُوﻟﺌﻚ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ | وأَﺿﻞ | ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞِ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ُ | َ | ْ | َ َ | َ | ﱞ ﱠ َ ً | َ | َ | ﱠ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﱡ َ |
“Say: Shall I inform you of those who will receive an even worse reward from Allah?
and - those whom Allah cursed, with whom He was angry, with whom He turned into pig monkeys and who worshiped taghut. They will take an even worse place and even more
have strayed from the straight path."(Surah al-Maida, verse 60)
An ignorant person is more deserving of being called "lost." Therefore, Allah Almighty described Christians with this quality, saying:
| ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ٍ | ﱡ | ِ | ﱡ | ِ | ﱡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﴿ﻗﻞ ﻳﺎ أَﻫﻞ اﻟْﻜﺘﺎب ﻻ ﺗـﻐﻠﻮا ﻓﻲ دﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﻏﻴـﺮ اﻟْﺤﻖﱢ وﻻ ﺗـﺘﺒﻌﻮاﱠ | أَﻫﻮاء | ﻗـﻮم ﻗﺪ ﺿﻠﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻗـﺒﻞ | وأَﺿﻠﻮا | ﻛﺜﻴﺮا وﺿﻠﻮا ﻋﻦ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ُ | ْ | َ | ْ | َ | َ | َ َ ُْ ْ | ُ | ْ | َْ | َ | َ | َ | َ َ | ُ | ْ | َ | ْ | َ ْ َ ْ | َْ | ُ | ً | َ | َ | ْ َ | |||||||||||||||||
| ِ | ْ | ْ َ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﴾ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﺳﻮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞِ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| َ َ | ﱠ |
“Say: “O People of the Book! Do not be excessive in your religion contrary to the truth and do not
Indulge the desires of people who even earlier fell into error, misled many others and went astray." (Surah al-Maida, verse 77)
The first two verses were about the Jews, and the last one was about the Christians. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The Jews are under the wrath of Allah, and the Christians are lost.”
Narrated by Tirmidhi, 2956-2957; Ibn Hibban, 1715, 2279; Ibn Jarir in Tafsir, 1/61 and 64; Ibn Abi Hatim, 1/31/40; Ahmad, 4/378-379; See Sahih al-Jami', 8202; "Silsila al-Sahiha", 3263.
and So, we understand that those whom Allah has blessed are those who have learned the truth
And he followed her. Those who are under His wrath are those who have learned the truth and rejected it. the lost are those who did not know the truth. The mention of these three groups in this surah is
and proof of prophecy. And if the prophecy had not been established, then there would not have been
When it comes to those on whom mercy has fallen, it is mentioned /fa’il/, that is, the One who gave this mercy. And in the case of those who are under anger /fa’il/ is not mentioned.
and Verily, mercy /ni'ma/ is a blessing and a virtue. And anger is in the category of justice and revenge. The mercy of Allah Almighty exceeds His wrath, so Allah Almighty took it to Himself. Attributing mercy to Allah is the way of the Quran. Like for example words
believing jinn:
﴿وأَﻧﺎﱠ ﻻَ ﻧﺪريَِْ أَﺷﺮﱞ أُرﻳﺪَِ ﺑﻤﻦ ِ َ ﻓﻲ ِ اﻷرضَْ ْ ِ أَمْ أَراد ﺑﻬﻢ ِِ ْ رﺑـﻬﻢ َ ﱡُ ْ رﺷﺪا َ ًَ ﴾
“We do not know whether evil is intended for those on earth, or whether the Lord wished to guide them to the straight path.”(Surah al-Jinn, verse 10) Khidr also said:
﴿ ﻓﺄرادََ َ َ رﺑﻚ َ ﱡَ أَنْ ﻳـﺒـﻠﻐﺎََُْ أَﺷﺪﻫﻤﺎُﱠُ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺎ َ َ ْ َْ ِ َ ﻛﻨﺰﻫﻤﺎََُ َ ﴾
"Your Lord willed that they should reach mature age and took out your
treasure."(Surah al-Kahf, verse 82)
And when it comes to the opposite, Khidr says:
﴾ ﺎﻬـﺒﻴﻋَأ ِ نَأْ تدرﺄﻓﱡ َ ََ ﴿
"I wanted to hurt him."(Surah al-Kahf, verse 79)
But after that he continues:
﴾يﺮﻣَأِْ ﻦﻋ ْ َ ُُﻪﺘﻠﻌـﻓْ َ َ ﺎﻣو﴿ ََ
“I did not act on my own.”(Surah al-Kahf, verse 82)
Allah Almighty also says:
﴾ﻪﻠﻟا ِ ّ ﻦﻤﻓ َ ِ َ ﺔﻤﻌـﻧ ٍ َْ ﱢ ﻦﻣﱢ ﻢﻜﺑُ ِ ﺎﻣو﴿ ََ
“Every good thing you have is from Allah.”(Surah an-Nakhl, verse 53)
Allah Almighty attributed mercy to Himself, because they are only from Him, and people are just causes.
The absence of /fa'il/ when it comes to anger indicates the insignificance of those at whom one is angry. When it comes to mercy, Allah Almighty mentions himself, wanting to point out the greatness of mercy.
Allah Almighty mentions all three groups in these short verses. To the first group, Allah Almighty gave as a mercy the straight path (al-hidayah), namely useful knowledge and righteous deed. Also in the verses there is an indication of reward and reward for such people. This is the perfect mercy of Allah Almighty.
And the situation of the second group also includes two things. First, they will receive the most severe punishment and contempt. Secondly, the reason that Wrath is over them. Because the Merciful Allah does not get angry without a reason. Therefore, Anger is precisely because of their delusion.
As for the third group, they are lost. And it is precisely because of their delusion that they also fall under Wrath.
The reason and reward for these three groups follows precisely from the way they are named. When it comes to the happy, the One who made them happy is mentioned, but when it comes to anger, the One who is angry is not mentioned.
Think about how the Qur'an contrasts /al-hidaya/ and mercy against anger and error. Words "on whom wrath has fallen, and on those who are lost" opposed to words “Whom have You done good?” There are many such examples in the Qur'an. Allah Almighty mentions error and misfortune together and mentions together following the straight path and happiness. Allah Almighty says:
﴾ نﻮﺤﻠﻔﻤْﻟاَ ُ ِ ُ ﻢﻫُ ﻚﺌﻟوُأوَ ِ َ َْ ﻢﻬﺑر ْ ِﱢﱠ ﻦﻣﱢ ىﺪﻫًُ ﻰﻠﻋََ ﻚﺌﻟوُأ﴿َ ِ َ ْ
“They follow guidance from their Lord, and they are successful.”(Surah al-Baqarah, verse 5)
﴾ نوﺪﺘﻬﻣََُْﱡ ﻢﻫوُ َ ﻦﻣﻷاَْ ﻢﻬﻟَُ ﻚﺌﻟوَ ِ َ ْ ُأ ﴿
"They are safe and they are guided."(Surah al-An'am, verse 82)
On the contrary, Allah Almighty says:
“Verily, the sinners have gone astray and are suffering.”(Surah al-Qamar, verse 47) And also:
“Allah has sealed their hearts and ears, and over their eyes is a veil. Great torment is in store for them.”(Surah al-Baqarah, verse 7) Also, Allah Almighty brought everything together, saying:
﴿ ﻓﺈﻣﺎَ ِ ﱠ ﻳﺄﺗﻴـﻨﱠﻜﻢ َ ْ ِ َ ُ ﻣﻨﻲﱢﱢ ﻫﺪىًُ ﻓﻤﻦَ َ ِ اﺗـﺒﻊﱠ ََ ﻫﺪايَُ َ ﻓﻼََ ﻳﻀﻞ َ ِ ﱡ وﻻ َ َ ﻳﺸﻘﻰ َ َْ ﴾
“If guidance comes to you from Me, then whoever follows My guidance will not be lost or miserable.” (Sura Ta Ha, verse 123) And then He says:
| ﴿وﻣﻦ | ِ | ِ | ِ ﱠ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ﻗﺎلَ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| أَﻋﺮض | ﻋﻦ ذﻛﺮي ﻓﺈن ﻟﻪَ | ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﺿﻨﻜﺎ وﻧﺤﺸﺮﻩ ﻳـﻮم اﻟْﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ | أَﻋﻤﻰ | رب ﻟﻢ ﺣﺸﺮﺗﻨﻲ | أَﻋﻤﻰ | وﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺑﺼﻴﺮا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| َ َ ْ | َ | ْ | َ | ُ | َ | َ ً | َ | ً | َ | َ ْ ُ | ُ | ُ | َْ َ | َ َ | َ | َ | ﱢ | َ | َ | َ | ْ | َ | َ | َ ْ | ُ | ُ | َ | ً | ||||||||||||||||
| ْ | ِ | ِ | ْ | ْ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ِ | ﺗﻨﺴﻰ ﴾ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﻗﺎل ﻛﺬﻟﻚ | أَﺗـﺘﻚْ | آﻳﺎﺗـﻨﺎ ﻓـﻨﺴﻴﺘـﻬﺎ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ | اﻟْﻴـﻮمََ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| َ | َ | َ َ | َ | َ ُ | َ | ََ | َ َ | َ َ | َ | َ | ُ | َ |
“And whoever turns away from My Reminder, a hard life awaits him, and on the Day of Resurrection We will raise him blind. He will say: “Lord! Why did you raise me blind, if before I was sighted?” He (Allah) will say: “That’s it! Our signs came to you, but you consigned them to oblivion. In the same way today you yourself will be consigned to oblivion.” (Sura Ta Ha, verses 124-126) Thus, the straight path and happiness are connected. And in the same way, delusion and misfortune are inseparable.
STRAIGHT WAY
The straight path /as-sirat al-mustaqim/ is one, but there are many misconceptions. The direct path is mentioned with the article /al/, and also came /idafa/. This indicates that it is
o definite, specific and only way. As for the ways of error, then
Allah Almighty sometimes speaks of them in the singular and sometimes in the plural.
Allah Almighty says:
“This is My straight path. Follow it and do not follow other paths, for they will lead you astray from His path.”(Surah al-An'am, verse 153)
o Allah Almighty mentioned the words “syrat” and “sabil” in the singular, speaking of the right path. And when it came to error, He said: “Subul.” That is, the word “path” came in the plural. Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him)
and talked about how the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) drew a line and said: “This is the way of Allah.” Then I drew other lines to the right and left of the first one. Then he said: “These are the ways. On each of them there is a shaitan and calls to himself.” And then I read
| words of Allah Almighty: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﱠ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ﱠِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ِِ | ِ | ِ | ِ | ﱠ | ﴾ | ||||||||||||||||||
| ﴿وأَن | ﻫﺬا ﺻﺮاﻃﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ وﻻ ﺗـﺘﺒﻌﻮاﱠ | اﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﻓـﺘـﻔﺮق ﺑﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ذﻟﻜﻢ وﺻﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢَ ﺗـﺘـﻘﻮنﱠ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| َ َ | َ | ُ ْ َ | ً | َ | ُ | ُ َ َ َ | ُ | ْ | ﱡ ُ َ ََ َ ﱠ َ | ُ ْ | َ | َ | َ | ُ ْ َ ﱠ ُ | َ | ُ ْ َ ُ َ |
“This is My straight path. Follow it and do not follow other paths, for they will lead you astray from His path. He commanded you this, perhaps you
be afraid."(Surah al-An'am, verse 153) See. “Sahih ibn Majah”, 11. This is because the path leading to Allah is One. This is the way by which messengers were sent and Scriptures were revealed. And no one can reach Allah except through this path. Whatever path a person takes and whatever door he knocks on,
all paths will lead to a dead end and all doors will be closed, except one path and one door. Because this path is connected with Allah. Allah Almighty said:
"This is the path that leads straight to Me."(Surah al-Hijr, verse 41) Mujahid said: “This is the truth that relates to Allah.” This is the path of Allah Almighty and He Himself is on the straight path. Allah Almighty said:
﴿ﻣﺎﱠ ﻣﻦ ِ دآﺑﺔ َ ﱠ ٍ إﻻِﱠ ﻫﻮ َُ آﺧﺬ ِ ٌ ﺑﻨﺎﺻﻴﺘﻬﺎِ َ ِ َ ِ َ ِإنﱠ رﺑﻲ َ ﱢ ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ﺻﺮاط ِ َ ٍ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢﱡ َْ ِ ٍ ﴾
“There is not a single living creature whom He does not hold by the crest. Verily, my Lord is on the straight path.”(Surah Hud, verse 56) And also:
| ِ | ِ | ٍ | ِ | ِ | ٍ | ِ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﴿وﺿﺮب اﻟﻠﻪّ | أَﺑﻜﻢ ﻻ ﻳـﻘﺪرْ | ﻋﻠﻰَ | ﺷﻲء وﻫﻮ ﻛﻞَ | ﻋﻠﻰَ | ﻣﻮﻻﻩ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ﻣﺜﻼ رﺟﻠﻴﻦﱠَ | أَﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎُُ | ﻳـﻮﺟﻬﻪﱢﱡ ﻻ ﻳﺄتْ ﺑﺨﻴﺮ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﻮي | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| َ َ َ َ | ُ | ََ ً | ُ | ْ | ْ | ُ | َ َ | ُ | َ | َ | ِ | َ | ْ |
Surah Al-Fatiha. (Opening)
Our khutbah today is dedicated to Surah al-Fatihah, which opens the Book - the Koran.
2. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
4. Lord of the Day of Retribution!
6. Lead us to the straight path,
In the collection of Imam Muslim there is a hadith:
I [the Lord God] divided the prayer between Me and the praying person into two parts. My servant will receive what he asks. When he says: “Al-hamdu lil-lahi rabbil-‘alamin” (“True praise belongs only to Allah, the Lord of the worlds”), then I will say: “My servant thanks Me”; when he says: “Ar-rahmani rrahim” (“Whose mercy is eternal and limitless”), then I will say: “My servant praises Me”; when he says: “Myaliki yaumiddin” (“To the Lord Doomsday"), then I will say: “My servant glorifies Me”; when he says: “Iyakya na’budu wa iyakya nasta’in” (“We worship You and ask You for help”), then I will say: “This is between Me and My servant. To him I will [give] whatever he asks”; when he says: “Ikhdina ssyratol-mustaqim, siratol-lyaziyna an’amta ‘alaihim, gairil-magdubi ‘alaihim va lyaddolin” (“Guide us to the right path. The path of those to whom it was given. Not those with whom You were angry, and not those who came down from it”), then I will say: “This is for My servant. And he gets what he asks.”
Imam Ahmad reports that Way bin Ka'b read Surah Al-Fatihah to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), after which the Messenger addressed him with the words:
“I swear by the one in whose power my soul is, neither in the Torah, nor in the Injil, nor in the Zabur, nor in the Furqan, was no one sent down equal to it. She is the seven repeated verses and the Great Qur'an that was given to me."
Al Fatiha is called the mother of the Quran because this surah contains the meaning of the entire Quran. And in this surah there is healing from poison.
It was narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
and greetings) described Surah Fatiha as ruqayah and he approved of the Sahabah who recited it as ruqayah for one who was bitten by a scorpion.
Bukhari and Muslim.
Ibn Qayyim said:
“I was in Mecca and was sick and could not find a doctor or medicine,
so I was treated by reading it (Sura Fatiha). I took some ZamZam water
and read over it (sura) several times. I was completely cured by this, then I began to do this every time I felt pain and received great benefit from it.” Zaad al Maad (4:164)
This surah also contains healing for the soul and for society.
Ibn Abbas is reported to have said:
“Once, when we were sitting next to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Jibril was next to him. Suddenly he heard a creaking overhead, and Jibril looked at the sky and said: “This has opened a gate in the sky that has never been opened before.” An angel descended through them, who appeared to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and said: “Rejoice in the two lights that were given to you and were not given to any of the prophets before you. This is Surah al-Fatihah and last verses Surah al-Baqarah. And everything that you read in them will certainly be given to you” (Muslim and an-Nasai).
All Muslims, both adults and children, everyone knows this surah. But are we reading it as we should?
Let's take a closer look at what Allah Almighty said in this surah:
1. In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful!
Allah - scholars say that this is the greatest name. If you ask for dua with this name, it will be accepted.
Gracious. Allah Almighty shows His mercy to everyone.
Those who carry the Throne, and those around it, glorify their Lord with praise, believe in Him and ask for forgiveness for the believers: “Our Lord! Thou hast embraced every thing with mercy and knowledge. (40:7)
There is a hadith where the prophet (saw) says that Allah divided His mercy into 100 parts. One of which He sent to earth, but He left the remaining 99 parts of Grace with Himself..
Merciful. Allah Almighty shows mercy only to believers:
He is the One who blesses you, and His angels also bless you to lead you out of the darkness into the light. He is merciful to believers. (33:43)
2. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds
Alhamdullilah - all praise. He has no shortcomings. This is gratitude for everything that we have and around us.
All the blessings you have are from Allah. (16:53)
We must thank Allah with our heart, tongue and action.
The Lord is the owner, the manager of everything
Worlds - all the worlds that we see and do not see, about which we know and do not know.
One of the bounties of Allah is that for every praise that a slave gives to Him, Allah gives a reward.
3. Gracious, Merciful,
4. Lord of the Day of Retribution!
On this day there will be no other ruler, there will be no kings and rulers, except Allah Almighty!
On the day when they appear on the surface of the earth after resurrection, nothing about them will be hidden from Allah. Who owns the power today? To Allah, the Only, Almighty. (40:16)
5. You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.
Surah al-Fatihah contains the meaning of the entire Quran, and this verse contains the meaning of the entire al-Fatihah. This is our creed - we do not worship anyone except Allah, earthly and bows from the waist, fire offerings, tawaf (circumvention around the Kaaba) - only to Allah. We love and hate for the sake of Allah, we ask and wait for help only from Allah. The first part of the verse affirms Monotheism (Tawhid), the second part rejects polytheism (Shirk).
Shaykh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said: “Worship is submission to Allah, based on obedience to what Allah said through the mouth of the prophets. Worship is all words and deeds, both obvious and hidden, that Allah loves and with which He is pleased."
6. Lead us to the straight path
7. The path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom wrath has fallen, and not those who are lost.
This is a dua, a prayer to Allah. We ask that Allah will lead us along the path that leads to Him, to His Face, which will lead us to paradise.
We constantly need Allah's help and His guidance.
One day, when an ashab named Sawban ibn Malik came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, with sadness on his face, he said to him: “What is the matter with you?” Savban replied: “O Rasulullah, I am not sick, but when I don’t see you, I experience strong loneliness and sadness until I meet you, then I remember Akhirat and am afraid that I will not see you in the next world, since you will be together with the prophets, and if I enter Paradise, then I will be close to your house. And if I do not enter, then I will never see you.
Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse:
Those who obey Allah and the Messenger will find themselves together with the prophets, truthful men, martyrs and righteous people whom Allah has blessed. How beautiful these satellites are! (4:69)
When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, read this verse, Sawban was very happy, because he learned that he would be with him in the Hereafter
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings to the Prophet Muhammad, his family, his companions and all who follow his path until the Day of Judgment
