Reservoirs of the earth presentation. Reservoirs - what are they? Types of reservoirs and their inhabitants
Reservoirs are natural or artificial accumulations of water, which can be permanent or temporary in nature, decorative, and located in parks and gardens. The flow of reservoirs is slow or absent.
Rivers are classified as watercourses because they have a constant, sometimes strong, current.
Natural bodies of water: lakes
Ponds are fresh water bodies. To simplify the drainage of excess water, artificial drains are formed. Ponds are often found in rural areas. Here they have a certain economic role - raising fish, storing water for irrigation, and sometimes doing laundry.
There are two types of ponds: dug and dam. The inhabitants of reservoirs are protozoa, algae, and fish. Create special ponds for breeding valuable species fish - trout, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon. Reservoirs are specially cleaned and their own ecosystem is formed.
The importance of reservoirs
Reservoirs are artificial reservoirs formed to store water on an industrial scale. There are channel and lake reservoirs, depending on their origin. They can also be covered, open or dammed.
The largest in the world are Rybinsk - in Russia, Smallwood - in Canada, Nasser - in Egypt and Sudan. The creation of such reservoirs has enormous consequences, but not always positive ones. The main one is a radical change in the landscape. This applies to both fauna and flora. Negative influence they affect the spawning conditions of fish.
Not the best consequence of the creation of such reservoirs is the siltation of reservoirs. The process represents the formation of large sediments at the bottom. at the same time it decreases. This process has been studied in detail because it harms the ecosystem. The inhabitants of reservoirs may change.
Where do oxbows come from?
Oxbow lakes as natural reservoirs are part of the channel where a river previously flowed. Another name is old speech. Such reservoirs often have a bizarre shape - a sickle or crescent, a loop, a curl. How are oxbow lakes formed? The formation process occurs when, for some reason, the channel straightens, and the previous curl or curvature remains cut off from the main body of water. The main reason is high water, when the river finds a more convenient path.
Sometimes the bends of one river unite - this is how oxbow lakes can also form. This process takes place when there is large quantity sleeves The entrances to the oxbow lake are gradually covered with silt, and the reservoir itself turns into a lake or swamp. If there is food, it can function, but if not, it can dry out. The largest oxbow lakes can be more than 500 meters long.
What do reservoirs feed on?
The type of nutrition is one of the main characteristics of a reservoir. It can characterize its structure and functions.
How can bodies of water feed? Firstly, external surface runoff - rain, other hydro objects. Secondly, which can come close to the surface. Thirdly, artificially - the basin of the reservoir is filled forcibly. Fourthly, replenishment with combined type waters.
Drinking groundwater is the most environmentally friendly because it is clean. If the lake has such nutrition, then duckweed and mud will form in it less often. The most common type of nutrition is combined.
A guarantee of constant filling with water is the forced implementation of this process. Fill the reservoir with either tap or irrigation water. The most common diet is a combination diet. Its sources can be rain, melted snow, groundwater and much more.
Reservoirs and their location on the ground
Reservoirs are hydraulic objects located in a certain area. Where can they form? Places of formation, for example, lakes, may be. The reservoir may be dammed or dug. Power is supplied, as a rule, from the river. Slope, watershed, and floodplain reservoirs are formed on the relief. In such cases, the relief of the lake or pond is clearly visible.
In the floodplain, reservoirs with underground, combined, and channel feeding are formed. They can form in an oxbow where sluices are installed. A dam and pumps can also be located here to use such a reservoir in industry.
Slope reservoirs are formed on the terraces of river valleys. They differ from others only in some design features.
Watershed reservoirs are constructed in watershed areas. They can feed on groundwater or artificially. Water can be forcibly supplied from a river or well.
There are also reservoirs in embankments or excavations. They are quite widespread, they are easy to form and organize their nutrition. They can have any area. They are quite expensive to build.
In embankments, reservoirs serve primarily to store water. Such an object could become the basis for a hydroelectric power station.
Creating a decorative pond
Decorative pond - what is it? It's artificial water body, which performs the function of decorating the site, forming its complete appearance. Most often, owners of private houses and summer cottages come up with the idea of creating a decorative pond.
Artificial ponds are beautiful and stylish. What do you need to know to successfully create such a site decoration?
Creating a pond with your own hands is a feasible task for everyone. The shape and design of such a cozy corner of the garden can be very diverse. An artificial pond will fit perfectly into any landscape and can become its structural dominant.
To begin, choose a place that is not very close to your home (it is better to consult with landscape design specialists). Close proximity to the house can harm the foundation.
You need to create a project. To do this, determine the shape of the reservoir: oval, rectangle or intricate figure. The project will allow you to determine costs, materials, and location of filtration systems. Next, you should choose high-quality materials - the durability and beauty of the pond depend on them.
When everything is selected and purchased, proceed. Preferably, not on your own, but with the help of qualified specialists. The final stage is decoration with plants. This will complete the image of an ideal pond. You will get a gorgeous pond - the photo below represents one of the possible options for your garden.
Conclusion
Ponds, natural or artificial, are functional but can also be the perfect, beautiful addition to your garden design.
An aesthetic pond near your home will allow you to express your individuality and highlight the style of your garden. It is especially popular to create such elements in Japanese, classic, rustic style. The main thing is to properly design the pond. Sometimes fish live in such reservoirs. The presence of inhabitants of such miniature lakes is a matter of taste for the garden owners.
Water is one of the most important components of the natural landscape. Almost no landscape park is complete without the construction of a pond and a fountain, and sometimes streams.
- Water is one of the most important components of the natural landscape. Almost no landscape park is complete without the construction of a pond and a fountain, and sometimes streams.
- A pond in the garden, in addition to its main function, also affects the microclimate of the area, reducing the air temperature and increasing its humidity, which is especially appreciated on hot summer days.
- Ponds are made using non-toxic materials. You can even arrange an impromptu fishing trip with your friends! A well-planned artificial pond is a decoration for any garden. An ideal addition to any garden pond will be a properly designed and landscaped stream, which is designed in accordance with the design of the garden. In addition, it will help purify and oxygenate the water, providing the inhabitants of the pond with favorable living conditions. When constructing reservoirs, either PVC film or clay is used to line the bottom of the reservoir; the reservoir is decorated with stones on top, and the coastal zone is decorated with aquatic plants.
- A pond with concrete waterproofing is a traditional type of garden pond, usually large in size, square or oval. Many people today consider concrete to be the best material, despite the laboriousness of creating such a pond. More modern and easier to implement ideas for an artificial reservoir are rigid forms. But when buying such a form, it is worth remembering that in the garden it will seem much smaller than in the store. In addition, the price of the finished form is directly related to its quality. A free-form pond can be built using a flexible insulating material - a waterproof fabric that easily takes the shape of a dug hole.
- The larger the volume of water in a reservoir, the more it is populated with aquatic plants, the more intense the movement of water in it, the greater the likelihood that a natural biological balance will be established in it. But in most cases, to maintain the purity of water in a reservoir and create normal conditions for the life of fish and plants, it is necessary to resort to the use of special equipment (filters, ultraviolet lamps) or the use of biologically active substances to control the quality of water in reservoirs.
- Filters carry out three types of cleaning: - mechanical (from suspended matter, silt and debris) - using sponges and nets; - chemical - using natural adsorbents poured into the filter; - biological - with the help of beneficial bacteria populated in special filter chambers.
- High mini-pond
- Mini pond.
- Stages of construction of a pond, artificial reservoir
- Visiting the area, determining the purpose and nature of the object.
- 2. Schematic design, drawing up estimates for materials and work.
- 3. Excavation of a pit.
- 4. Installation of engineering systems.
- 5. Construction of the bed of a reservoir, pond (preparatory work before installing waterproofing).
- 6. Waterproofing work using a geomembrane (whole-welded or glued waterproof fabric made of PVC, Butyl rubber, Polyethylene - in common parlance, a film for a pond).
- 7. Decorating the bowl of a pond (using a natural stone over the entire area of the bowl).
- 8. Installation of filtering equipment (pumps, compressors, filters, aerators, etc.).
- 9. Installation of decorating equipment (lighting, fountains, etc.).
- 10. Construction of small architectural forms (cascade, waterfall, grotto, fountain).
- 11. Decorative design of the shoreline of a pond or reservoir (a conventional line along the edge of the water 0.5 m wide).
- 12. Planting aquatic and coastal plants.
- 13. Stocking an artificial reservoir or pond with fish (both ornamental and commercial fish are used, such as trout, sterlet, carp).
- 14. Putting the reservoir into operation with the issuance of instructions for care and seasonal conservation.
- Types of reservoirs
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Guess the riddles: The ribbon trembles slightly in the breeze in the open space, The narrow tip is in the spring, And the wide one is in the sea. RIVER I run to my mother’s river And I can’t remain silent. I am her own son, And I was born in the spring. CREEK Wide in width, deep in depth, flows against the shore day and night. You can’t drink water from it, Because it doesn’t taste good - It’s both bitter and salty. THE SEA You can't pass, you can't pass - You'll go around. And you can’t drink water with a bluish film. SWAMP Young birch trees are in front of him, straightening their hair. And the month, and the stars - Everything is reflected in it... What is this mirror called? POND
Name it in one word. RIVER SEA SWAMP POND CREEK Reservoirs. - What other bodies of water are there? LAKE OCEAN CANAL RESERVOIR
Explain the diagram. RESERVOIR Natural Artificial? Created by nature Created by man Give examples of reservoirs for each group. River, sea, lake, ocean, swamp. Pond, canal, reservoir
Work in pairs. Discuss why people create artificial ponds.
Ponds are created for breeding fish and waterfowl.
Canals are created to shorten water routes and redirect the flow of water.
Reservoirs are created to accumulate and store water for its use in the national economy.
Work according to the textbook. Read the text “Parts of a River” on page 81 of the textbook. What parts of the river did you learn about? Source Bed Bank Mouth Parts of the river.
Parts of the river. What is the beginning of the river called? Source What is the mouth of a river? The place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea is called the mouth. Mouth What is a river bed? A channel is a depression through which a river flows. The river has a right and a left bank. How to identify them? If you look towards the flow of the river, the right bank will be on the right, and the left bank on the left. Right Bank Left Bank On its way, the river meets other rivers and streams that flow into it and give up their water. They are called tributaries. Left tributary Right tributary
In the summer, the heroes of our textbook, Seryozha and Nadya, visited the countryside with their dad. They explored the local rivers Neznanka and Osetrik, as well as Lake Krugloye. The guys made a diagram of the location of the lake and rivers.
Work in pairs. Where does the Neznanka River flow? Where does the Osetrik River flow? Which river is a tributary? Determine the direction of flow of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers. Look at the diagram on page 82 of the textbook and answer the questions.
Examination. The Neznanka River flows into... Lake Krugloe. The Osetrik River flows into... the Neznanka River. The tributary is... the Osetrik River. Show the flow directions of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers.
Think about it! How is a river different from a lake? A lake is a natural body of water with standing water. A river is a permanent watercourse.
Check yourself. What is the source of a river? The source of a river is its beginning. Show on the diagram the sources of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers. Show on the diagram the right bank of the Neznanka River. What is a river mouth? An estuary is a place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea. Show on the diagram the mouth of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers. Show on the diagram the left bank of the Neznanka River.
Reservoirs. Games with water. Reservoirs. Swamp. Swamps. Reservoirs of our region. Surface and bodies of water. Reservoirs of our region. Swamp plants. Reservoirs and their inhabitants. Swamp ecosystem. Swamp ecosystem. Twenty thousand leagues under the sea. Plants and animals of the reservoir. Decorative ponds. Reservoirs of Moscow. Lakes, The groundwater, swamps, permafrost, glaciers.
Fresh water reservoirs. Let's play with water. Presentation on the topic "Swamps". Study of reservoirs. Riddles about the ship. Reservoirs of our area. Lake Amut. Lesson topic: Swamps. Holy swamp. Project: “Reservoirs of our region.” Life of a fresh water body. Topic: Water supply. Lesson topic: “Reservoirs of our region.” Birds of swamps and coasts. Hydrology of swamps.
Summer games with sand and water. Reservoirs of native places. Susaninsko-Isupovskoe swamp. Swamps, groundwater, glaciers. The most beautiful bodies of water on the planet. Diversity inland waters Russia. Project: “fresh and salty water land." Lakes, swamps, groundwater, permafrost, glaciers. The secret of river names. Let's preserve the purity of our native rivers.
PTK of your area: swamps. The spring rings with cold water. Brioflora of swamps in the Tula region. The swamp is an amazing formation. The cycle of substances in the Bludov swamp. Reservoirs of the Tula region, Chernsky district. The problem of provision drinking water residents of the village of Dergachi. Regulation of wastewater discharges into swamps: problems, solutions.
Bioecological characteristics of the fish class; their diversity depending on biotypes (stream, swamp, pool tropical rivers). Reservoirs of the Smolensk region. Swamp 2nd class plants animals. Traveling through bodies of water native land. Animal world reservoirs of the Kurgan region.
