Underground mineral waters. Mineral water and Forex Location of mineral waters

Mineral water is a gift for the body. A good mineral water restores the water-salt balance and even helps to cope with many diseases. In the end, mineral water can be surprisingly tasty. What to look for when choosing water to get maximum benefits and taste?

Natural origin

You can take plain water and add salts and minerals to it at the factory. The composition will be similar, but it will have little in common with real mineral water. Mineral water- these are complex solutions; useful substances are contained in them in the form of ions, undissociated molecules, gases, and colloidal particles. That is, nature works much more complexly than a factory.

Mineral natural drinking waters are waters extracted from aquifers or aquifers protected from anthropogenic impact, preserving the natural chemical composition and related to food products, and with increased mineralization or with an increased content of certain biologically active components, they have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect.
Wikipedia

Veneto region in Italy, where the source of San Benedetto is located. David Nicholls/Flickr.com

Mineral composition

You'll have to become a chemist for a while and look at what's on the label.

Everyone knows that mineral water is good for health. Then confusion and hesitation begins, because few people can understand what exactly is useful. IN best case scenario We heard that there are some salts there.

In fact, the chemical composition of mineral waters varies greatly. And depending on what prevails, it is used for different diseases.

Does this mean that you can’t just go out and buy mineral water? Not really. There are waters containing essential minerals that everyone needs every day, that is, they in any case help maintain water and electrolyte balance. Please ensure that the water contains calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium.

Mineralization

If the composition of minerals is what salts are included in the mineral water, then mineralization is how much.

Most often, the labels say “canteen” or “medicinal-canteen”; this classification is also influenced by the amount of minerals. The word “medicinal” in the name of the product implies that you cannot just pick it up and start drinking it. You need to find out whether you can be treated with it and in what quantities. But table options are suitable for every day. Low mineralization - up to 1,000 mg/dm³ - means that mineral water is perfect for sports or as a complement to lunch.

What values are optimal? San Benedetto water, for example, has a mineralization of 265 mg/dm³. This water can be given even to babies. Italians have long appreciated this: in terms of sales volume, San Benedetto is one of the leading brands in its country.

Taste

The composition of minerals determines the taste of water. If you try distilled water, you will notice that it has no taste at all.

There is no arguing about tastes, but naturally, most people like soft options for every day. How do you decide what to try? Look at the waters that are used to serve tables in Italian restaurants.

Anthony Majanlahti/Flickr.com

They are selected taking into account that the drink complements the lunch and does not overwhelm the food with its taste. Italians know a lot about good food, and their opinion is worth listening to.

Brand

Some people think that famous brand always guarantees quality, someone, on the contrary, refuses products from well-known companies because they are afraid of overpaying a pretty penny.

Mineral water (if it is real) is a product that you must pay attention to the brand when purchasing.

Since quality and composition are determined primarily by the source, good brand The name of the place where the water was obtained is reflected.

Let's return to the example of San Benedetto. The water is taken from one artesian spring, which is located in northern Italy in the Dolomites, famous for its resorts. Its volume allows us to deliver products far beyond the borders of the country. Because the international standards quality must be met; in production, water undergoes up to 800 (!) tests per day.

Package

Since mineral water is extracted from natural sources, the packaging needs to be given special attention so that it can maintain the composition and properties of water. This means that the bottles must be made of either glass or high quality plastic. In addition, you should pay attention to the shape depending on why you are buying mineral water. It’s better to put glass on the table, and take a bottle with a comfortable sports neck for training. Give preference to water that is bottled into several types of containers at once.

24.10.2017 at 14:24 · Pavlofox · 16 200

The best mineral water in Russia

The best mineral water in Russia, the rating of which is presented below, has healing properties and is very good for health. Drinks with low mineral content can be consumed daily to maintain good health and remove harmful substances from the body. But with the use of waters classified as medicinal table waters, you need to be careful, since their irrational use can lead to the deposition of salts. That is why you should consult a specialist before taking them.

10.

Opens the rating of the best Russian mineral waters. Belongs to a series of sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium medicinal table mineral waters with a high content of organic substances from the Undorovsky mineral spring, which is No. 1 in Russia. Volzhanka is bottled at the Undorovsky Mineral Water Plant. Total mineralization is 800-1200 mg/l. Low mineralization is a guarantee that salt deposition will not occur in the body. Volzhanka is enriched with more than twenty micro- and macrocomponents. It is able to eliminate inflammatory processes in the body, activates the process of removing small stones from the genitourinary system and biliary tract, and helps restore metabolism. Volzhanka improves performance digestive system and intestinal motility. It also has a diuretic and choleretic effect. Truskavets water Naftusya is considered its analogue.

9.

They are among the ten best mineral waters in Russia. It is bottled by the food company Wim-Bill-Dann in the city of Esntuki. Russian springs are distinguished by an extremely low content of minerals and salts, which allows for daily consumption of this water. The sources for its production are Caucasian mineral waters. Production of this product complies with all Russian and European quality standards.

8.

Refers to medicinal table waters, which have been on sale since 1955. It is extracted in the Stavropol Territory from a hydrocarbonate-sulfate mineral spring located near the village of Novotersky. Its mineralization is approximately 4-5.3 grams per liter, which is a relatively low figure. Novoterskaya helps replenish mineral reserves in the body and helps strengthen its protective functions. The drink is intended for both preventive and therapeutic purposes of diseases such as high acidity of the stomach, gastritis, and ulcers. It is able to reduce acidity and eliminate cramps.

7.

refers to the mineral waters of the popular Russian enterprise Zheleznovodsk. This medicinal drink is often prescribed for the treatment of excess weight. In addition, it is taken for chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, including constipation, chronic colitis, dysfunction of the large intestine, etc. During the treatment period, limit intake of other fluids, as well as table salt. Lysogorskaya helps restore metabolism and improve intestinal motility. It also has a diuretic effect and removes all toxins from the body.

6.

It is one of the ten best mineral waters in Russia. It is extracted from several wells located in the city of Lipetsk. It is bottled in two versions, one of which is represented by mineral waters extracted from a depth of 480 meters, and the other from a 100-meter depth. artesian well. This drink meets all quality standards. The Lipetsk Pump Room is famous for its lower chloride content than other waters. Low mineralization and mild taste allow you to drink this drink daily to maintain good health and well-being.

5.

It is one of the best mineral medicinal table waters produced in Russia. It is produced by Zheleznovodsk Mineral Waters. In its properties and composition, the drink is similar to Slavyanovskaya water. It is used in the treatment of most pathologies associated with the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary area. Smirnovskaya is also prescribed for diabetes mellitus and impaired metabolism. If you have low stomach acidity, water is contraindicated for consumption. The total mineralization of this natural drink is 3-4 grams per liter.

4.

Refers to mineral table and medicinal waters produced by the Zheleznovodsk Mineral Waters enterprise. It has a healing effect on the stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, as well as the urinary and biliary tract. It is used for the prevention and treatment of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, diabetes mellitus, obesity and genitourinary diseases. Water mainly contains calcium, magnesium salts, sulfates, chlorides and bicarbonates. Total mineralization is 3-4 grams per liter. The drink can also be used to relieve hangover syndrome.

3.

Opens the top three best mineral waters in Russia. A sodium bicarbonate drink is used in the treatment and prevention of diseases of the digestive system. It is also used for impaired metabolism and obesity in order to reduce weight and cleanse the body of waste and toxins. Water is obtained from nine healing springs, which are located on the territory of the Borjomovsky Nature Reserve. The total mineralization of Borjomi is 5-7.5 mg per liter. Borjomov waters contain a large number of useful micro- and macroelements.

2.

They are one of the best mineral waters produced in Russia. Under this general name, over 20 carbonated hydrochloric-alkaline mineral waters are produced, which are extracted from various sources. Essentuki is used not only for drinking, but also for inhalation and medicinal baths. The most famous are Essentuki, produced under numbers No. 1, No. 2, No. 4, No. 17 and No. 20. Mineral water is prescribed for the prevention and treatment of impaired metabolism, obesity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

1.

Tops the ranking of the best mineral waters in Russia. Translated into Russian, the name of the water is translated as “drink of heroes.” The uniqueness of this product is that it has natural carbonation. Narzan has a low total mineralization, which is 2-3 grams per liter. The drink is bottled in the city of Kislovodsk. The water is formed from the melting of glaciers on the Elbrus peak, which penetrate deep into the soil. After this, it accumulates in underground lakes, on the way to which it undergoes chemical processes, and comes out. The drink is prescribed for diseases of the digestive system and metabolic disorders. Water can also be consumed for preventive purposes.

Mineral water is a category of natural water containing dissolved salts and a number of biologically active microelements in its structure. It is extracted from horizons that have retained their natural chemical composition. Belongs to the category food products, and in case of increased content of biological components, they are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

Mineral waters are classified into:
- drinking;
- actually, minerals for external and internal use;
- therapeutic and prophylactic and others.

Location of mineral waters

Rocks contain various waters on quality and reserves. The conditions of its occurrence are directly dependent on the physical properties of the rocks. These include porosity, that is, rocks containing small pores (voids) and porosity, that is, rocks containing large pores.

But the issue of the formation of underground water reserves does not have a single point of view. There are several hypotheses regarding their origin on this score. For example, according to the infiltration theory, accumulation occurs by seepage atmospheric precipitation into the ground. And according to the theory of condensation, the origin of underground moisture is due to atmospheric water vapor penetrating and condensing in the cold earth’s crust. Below is a zone of so-called slow water exchange. Pressure or artesian resources are formed in them.

The formation of mineral resources is a very long process. In fact, the chemical and even bacteriological composition of natural natural waters is formed under the influence of continuous natural factors. This is the geological structure of the basin and its influence on the composition of the rock, coupled with physical and biochemical processes. Climate, volcanic activity with changes in relief, one way or another, have a gravitational and electromagnetic effect on the mixing of formation waters. Many issues of the formation of natural sources with a saturated composition of carbon dioxide and other mineralization remain controversial. Taking into account summary hydrogeological situation, the depth of their occurrence in different regions earth's surface different.

Extraction of mineral water

Extraction of mineral resources is carried out in accordance with technical projects agreed with the federal bodies of Gosgortekhnadzor. Along with standard requirements for drilling operations, projects for conservation and abandonment of wells are also provided, as well as the implementation of the entire package of documents relating to the extraction of mineral waters. Serious attention is paid to the isolation of different horizons to prevent the mixing of different types of waters. Mineral resources are selected by the so-called intermittent tap method. This is due to a possible change in the physicochemical properties and negative impact on the technical and operational condition of the well. In this case, it is allowed to use their continuous selection.

If mineral waters are extracted with an admixture of, for example, oil, then the well is equipped with appropriate separators. In general, drilling operations are developed depending on the depth of the well and additional requirements when drilling for mineral springs. An important argument is the hydrogeological specificity of the deposit and, naturally, the quality of the raw materials.

Area of use of mineral water

Mineral drinking water used as a sanatorium treatment and dining room. For the purpose of sale, they are bottled into airtight containers and artificially carbonated. In such packaging, carbon dioxide helps preserve the salt composition and medicinal properties. In resort conditions, various types of sources are used.

Mineral waters are classified according to types of diseases. Can be used for diseases of the intestines, biliary tract, and intestines. In general, you can use waters aimed at diseases of the digestive system. The approximate chemical composition is usually written on the label. But this data is useful for users who understand their disease.

For balneological purposes, only sources are used that are directly extracted from wells with a constant, unchanged chemical composition and protected from contamination. They can also be used outside resort facilities, bottled in measuring containers. The bottling is carried out at food industry enterprises with carbon dioxide saturation, which preserves the taste and chemical composition for a long time.

Waters are also used for external use. These include baths, swimming in pools, shower massage and others. Along with natural springs for medicinal purposes, artificially prepared mineral waters from pure lake or sea salt are also used. These are sulfur, oxygen, bromine - sodium and other baths.

Natural and artificial waters are also used for inhalations, colon lavage, enemas and other medical procedures.

Benefits of mineral waters

Natural mineral water is truly endowed with life-giving power:
- preserves the taste of cooked dishes for a long time, in comparison with main water;
- perfectly preserves the natural aroma of tea and coffee;
- with slightly less mineralization it is used in dry mixtures, diluting juices for infants;
- used as a refreshing and thirst-quenching drink;
- promotes proper and timely digestion of food.
- are able to compensate for losses (in the form of sweat and natural secretions), since it is considered the most saturated with calcium, magnesium salts and other elements.
- allows you to improve efficiency and increase life expectancy, since it compensates not only for the loss of moisture, but also some of the body’s salts.
- perfectly absorbed, reacts well to gastric juice with stimulation of intestinal activity.
- is widely used in cosmetology.

Disadvantages of mineral water

Low content of mineral salts:
- do not provide a nominal balance of minerals;
- contribute to the leaching of microelements accumulated in the body, which can lead to weakening of bone tissue;
- the absence or low percentage of fluoride causes caries and destruction of tooth enamel;
- lack of magnesium can lead to cardiovascular disease;
- Lack of iodine can cause growth retardation and mental retardation.

But highly mineralized moisture, for example, with sulfates and chlorides, will lead to the appearance of urolithiasis. And an excess of sodium chloride will certainly cause unhealthy functioning of the cardiovascular system.

As a warning, you need to take moderately mineralized water.

Where does mineral water come from?
Mineral waters are waters used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, which contain biologically active mineral components. Mineral waters are usually obtained from underground water sources. In this case they are called natural mineral waters. Currently, artificial mineral waters are also produced.

Origin of natural mineral waters

In the thickness earth's crust aquifers are formed. Water enters them either along with precipitation or is filtered from sea water, or is formed by combining hydrogen and oxygen from magma. Such waters by origin are called filtration, infiltration and deep, respectively.

Production

Mineral waters often come to the surface of the earth in the form of springs or springs. At the point where the water comes out, a special well is installed - a captage. Its above-ground part is called the pump room. A pavilion is being built above it. If the water does not come to the surface of the earth, then a well is drilled. Not only businessmen or Forex traders, but also less wealthy people often visit resorts with mineral springs, such as Truskovets, Kislovodsk, Karlovy Vary and others.

Characteristics of mineral waters

Mineral waters are very diverse in their composition and physical properties. Therefore, the following characteristics are used to classify them:

1. General mineralization. The concentration of all ions, expressed in grams per liter.

According to general mineralization, mineral waters are divided into:

Low mineralization waters – up to 2 g/l;
low mineralization water – 2-5 g/l;
water of average mineralization – 5-15 g/l;
water of high mineralization – 15-35 g/l;
brines – 35-150 g/l;
strong brines – more than 150 g/l.

Water of low and medium mineralization is usually prescribed internally. They are also sold in bottled form. High mineralization waters have a laxative effect. Before ingestion, brines are diluted with ordinary fresh water. Waters of various mineralizations are used as an external agent.

2. Ionic composition. The ratio of biologically active ions in water.

The most common ions in mineral waters are sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, bicarbonate and sulfate ions. The concentration of ions is denoted as equivalent percent (eq%), that is, as a percentage of the equivalent mass of an ion in the sum of the equivalent masses of all ions. The name of water is formed from the names of the main ions contained in it, if their concentration is above 20 eq%. In addition, water may contain other biologically active components in small quantities: iodine, bromine, fluorine, iron, manganese, organic substances, radioactive substances, etc.

3. Gas composition. Highest value contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen in water.

4. Active reaction. pH value or acidity.

Waters are distinguished:

Strongly acidic – pH less than 3.5;
acidic – pH 3.5-7.2;
slightly alkaline – pH 7.2-8.5;
alkaline - pH greater than 8.5.

5. Water temperature.

Waters are classified according to temperature:

Cold – up to 20 degrees Celsius;
warm or low-thermal - 21-35 degrees;
hot or thermal - 36-42 degrees;
very hot or high thermal - above 42 degrees.

Thus, the full name of mineral water may look like this:

Essentuki No. 17 – carbonated water of medium mineralization, sodium bicarbonate-chloride, slightly acidic, cold.

Depending on the character chemical composition There are nine balneological groups of mineral waters:

I. Mineral waters, the effect of which is determined by mineralization and ionic composition.
II. Carbon dioxide waters.
III. Hydrogen sulfide waters.
IV. Ferrous waters.
V. Bromine, iodine and iodine-bromine waters.
VI. Siliceous thermal waters.
VII. Arsenic-containing waters.
VIII. Radon or radioactive waters.
IX. Boron-containing waters.

Application of mineral waters

Artificial mineral waters are prescribed as an external remedy. Only natural water is used inside.

Options for external use of mineral waters:

Mineral baths;
therapeutic pools;
souls;
underwater traction;
dousing.

Also mineral water you can rinse your mouth or throat, use microenemas with mineral water, do inhalations, etc.

Bottled mineral waters

Bottled mineral waters are used for drinking. They are divided into three groups: medical, medical-table and dining rooms.

Medicinal mineral waters include waters with a mineralization of 8-12 g/l or other mineralization values, if they contain trace elements and organic substances in high concentrations. You can take such waters only under the supervision of a doctor. Understand the types of mineral waters to modern man is as important as knowing what Forex is or mobile phone. This will help restore lost health, cope with chronic diseases and organize proper nutrition.

Medicinal table waters have a mineralization of 2-8 g/l. They can be taken as prescribed by a doctor as medicinal waters, or independently, if done infrequently.

Mineralization of table waters is below 2 g/l. They do not contain active ingredients.

During bottling, mineral waters are saturated with carbon dioxide. This is done so that air does not penetrate into the bottles, which can change the physical and chemical properties of water. Mineral water must be bottled in glass bottles yellow or green in color and should be transparent, colorless, without foreign inclusions. Only a small sediment of mineral salts is allowed.

If you store water in a bottle at a temperature from -4 to +14 degrees in a dark place, its beneficial qualities will be preserved. The shelf life is usually one year.

For treatment, mineral water must be taken in a certain way. When prescribing mineral water, the doctor is obliged to give specific recommendations for use. Understanding the types of mineral waters for a modern person is as important as knowing what Forex or a mobile phone are. This will help restore lost health, cope with chronic diseases and organize proper nutrition.

Popular Forums

Select a forum Selecting a car Tuning and car audio Repair / maintenance Car insurance Car loan Legislation Driving school Exchange of experience Problems on the roads Puel and lubricants and fuel systems Tires and wheels Car protection Traffic police / traffic police / accidents Motorsport Auto humor Buy / Sell Alfa Romeo forum Audi forum Bmw forum Chevrolet forum Chrysler forum Daewoo Fiat forum Ford forum Honda forum Hyundai forum Kia forum Land Rover forum Lexus forum Mazda forum Mercedes Benz forum Mitsubishi forum Nissan forum Opel forum Peugeot forum Porsche forum Saab forum Subaru forum Toyota forum Volkswagen forum Volvo forum VAZ forum ZAZ forum

Visit our popular forums. Here you can find out the necessary information, get advice on important issues, and just chat.

In Moscow, composer Evgeny Krylatov, author of popular children's songs, died at the age of 86. “My father died this morning in the hospital. He had double pneumonia,” the composer’s daughter Maria Krylatova told TASS.
Krylatov was born in a working class...

The Meshchansky District Court of Moscow sent six Kyrgyz citizens accused of organizing activities to pre-trial detention center extremist organization(Part 1 of Article 282.2 of the Criminal Code), reports TASS with reference to the press service of the court.
Aibek Mamazhunusov, Murzy... were arrested until March 17

The Moscow City Court left under arrest the leader of the Left Resistance movement, Daria Polyudova, accused of justifying terrorism and calling for separatism. A Grani correspondent reports this from the courtroom.
MGS confirmed the decision of the court of first instance, according to which...

Today we are going with you to produce natural mineral water from a hundred-meter-deep artesian well. Artesian water is reliably protected by thirty-meter layers of clay with various impurities and water-resistant clay of Jurassic age.

The limestone aquifer beneath them is even older. And the water was stored in it for centuries. Over the long period of the well's existence, there have never been any complaints about the microbiology of the water, and its chemical composition has never changed.

So, first, water is extracted from a well. The well is a concreted pipe going deep underground. There is nothing interesting to see here.

The water then enters a reverse osmosis system, where it is purified of impurities to the desired level.
And then soft and hard water are mixed in certain proportions.

Then we need to make a bottle into which we will pour water. For this, these PET preforms are used.

And this is what a mold for blowing 1.5 liter bottles looks like.

They are blown out in a machine like this. The total productivity of the blowing shop is 9 thousand bottles of various capacities, shapes and colors per hour.

And here is the conveyor line along which the blown bottles move to the next unit.

The bottles are moved using powerful fans that blow them along the conveyor.

Then the bottles go into the bottling unit. Here they are rinsed with water, filled and covered with a lid.

In the case of the production of sweet drinks, there are six blending tanks where syrups are prepared and added to the water.

Internals of the bottling apparatus.

Stoppers for closing bottles.

Along the entire length of the conveyor there are photocells that track the movement of products, but in addition there is always an operator nearby who monitors possible defects.

Sticking labels.

General view of the first line conveyor from above.

The labels have been pasted.

The bottles are collected in front of the packaging machine.

They line up in orderly rows.

Wrapped with shrink film.

And they go into the oven.

After the oven, they are blown with a large fan.

And they continue moving along the conveyor belt.

Here they are pasted with a barcode.

And they send it to the warehouse.

Let's take a walk along the neighboring second line, which was under maintenance at the time of filming.

Conveyor control.

Let's take a look from above again.

Apparatus for carbonating water.

Highway.

The insides of the bottling machine, the bottles here move along two circles, are first washed, then they are filled and the cap is immediately screwed on.