Snake arrow. Arrow snake: description of the species and its features
Arrow snake - Psammophis lineolatus. The typical area is deserts near the Caspian Sea. Brandt's description indicates: the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan and the surrounding Astrabad (Gorgan, or Gurgan) in northern Persia (Iran).
The head is narrow, long, its width is more than half its length. The surface of the muzzle is concave, the lateral ribs are pointed. The eyes are large, the pupil is round. The frontal shield is narrow and long. There are 17 rows of smooth scales around the body. Three upper labial scutes are in contact with the eye.
Long thin snakes with a whip-like body. Body length up to 910 mm, tail length about 300 mm. There are 17 scales around the middle of the body; abdominal scutes 168-204; subcaudal - 71-114 pairs. The anal shield is divided; temporal scutes 2+3+3 or 1+2. The anterior end of the muzzle is bluntly rounded. The intermaxillary shield almost does not protrude between the internasal ones. The seam between the internasals is at least three times shorter than the seam between the prefrontals. The posterior edge of the frontal shield is more or less rounded. The postero-superior end of the posterior nasal shield is elongated into a pointed process, overlying the anterior part of the zygomatic shield. One low and long zygomatic shield; its length is approximately equal to the length of both nasal shields combined. One large preorbital shield in contact with the frontal, no infraorbital shield. There are two postorbitals, very rarely three.
The maxillary teeth vary in length: 10-13 teeth, of which the middle one is the largest; in the back of the upper jaw there are 1-2 large teeth with a groove, separated from a number of small teeth by a toothless gap.
- Species range.
The arrow snake is distributed from the southern half of Kazakhstan and Central Asia to southern Mongolia, northwestern China, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and the southernmost regions of southeastern Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan). IN northwest China its range covers the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences contains collections of P.K. Kozlov from Inner Mongolia (the ruins of the dead city of Khara-Khoto and the southern regions of Mongolia - the Gurvan-Saikhan-Ula ridge, the Sevrey-Ula ridge, the southern slopes of the Mongolian Altai).
- Distribution in Mongolia.
For the first time on the territory of the country, the species was discovered, oddly enough, only in 1925 by the expedition of P.K. Kozlov in the mountains of the Gobi Altai. These findings were published by Tsarevsky. Bannikov, summing up all the data, indicated only 10 locations of the snake arrow on the map, and one of them is very isolated from the others (Dariganga).
Our data significantly expands the understanding of the distribution of the arrow-snake in Mongolia. It is obvious that this species inhabits almost the entire Gobi part of the country, sticking mainly to the desert zone (from extremely arid to semi-desert). Our data for the first time indicates the presence of the arrow-snake in the Dzungarian Gobi in the Kobdo aimag. The finds noted by Orlova and Terbish belong to the eastern slope of the ridge. Takhiin-Shara-Nuru and are geographically isolated by this ridge from the Mongolian part of the Dzungarian Gobi. Considering that this species does not occur high in the mountains, it can be assumed that the mountain ranges of the Mongolian Altai form a barrier to dispersal. In the eastern and northern regions This Gobi is known from isolated finds. Borkin classifies the arrow-snake, according to the nature of its habitat, as belonging to the Turanian faunal complex, Orlova and Semenov - to the group of Asian southern Palaearctic species.
- Variability.
Comparison of our data with variations in morphological characters in the arrow-snake in Central Asia and China does not provide grounds for identifying any features of the Mongolian specimens.
Thus, the number of ventral scutes in the arrow-snake from Mongolia ranges between 173 and 191, and the number of pairs of subcaudal scutes ranges from 77 to 102. The number of scales around the body and upper labial scutes is strictly constant, and the row of lower labial scutes consists of 10 or 11 scutes. The anal scutes are always divided.
- Taxonomic position.
Despite its huge range, the species is very monomorphic. Until now, intraspecific forms have not been identified. A comparative analysis of individuals from Mongolia and Central Asia does not show significant differences.
- Vertical distribution.
In Mongolia, the mountains rise to 1800-2000 m above sea level. m. Minimum height finds - 700 m (Ingeni-Khovryn-Kholoi basin, No. 16). Thus, the altitude range is 1100-1300 m.
According to data on the entire range, this species often enters mountains along the slopes to an altitude of 2600 m above sea level. m. in Afghanistan, 1700 m above sea level. m. in Kyrgyzstan, 1500 m. u. m. in Tajikistan. In the Kopetdag it penetrates up to a height of 1000 m along wide intermountain depressions.
- Biotopes.
The arrow-snake more often inhabits areas with loose substrate in desert and semi-desert areas; Avoids open sands. Usually these are areas with sparse vegetation (wormwood, solyanka, caragana, almond, reomuria, parfolia, etc.). Snakes often stick to thorny rosehip or saltpetre bushes; they are found in low-growing saxauls, etc., where they find permanent reliable shelter and food in the form of lizards. They also overlook takyrs and gravelly-stony gammads with extremely poor vegetation. Avoid steep hillsides and saury banks. They are found in oases, wide, well-lit sauries and gorges.
Alsophylax pipiens, Teratoscincus przewalskii, Cyrtopodion elongatus, Phrynocephalus versicolor, Laudakia stoliczkana altaica, Eremias argus, E. multiocellata, E. przewalskii, E. vermiculata, Eryx tataricus, Elaphe dione, Coluber spinalis and Agkistro are found in arrow snake habitats in Mongolia don halys.
- Seasonal activity.
Activity is purely daytime, even in the hottest time of the year. The period of seasonal activity in Mongolia is much shorter than in Central Asia and southern Kazakhstan. In the southern regions of the Gobi it lasts from May to September.
- Reproduction.
Data on the breeding ecology of the arrow snake in Mongolia are very fragmentary. A pregnant female caught in the Bayan-Khongor aimag near the Ekhiin-Gol oasis on August 12 laid a clutch of eight eggs measuring 8.0-10.5 x 37.5-44.0 mm. All captured sexually mature females in July in Bayan-Khongor and South Gobi aimags had from 5 to 11 eggs in their oviducts.
In Central Asia and Kazakhstan, the laying of 3-15 highly elongated eggs measuring 7.5-15 x 30-55 mm occurs in June and early July. At the end of July-August, young snakes 250-330 mm long emerge. In northern Tajikistan, egg laying occurs at the end of May-June, and young of the year appear at the end of August.
- Nutrition.
The arrow-snake is a typical saurophage; feeding on lizards has been observed everywhere. In Mongolia, its most common food items include foot-and-mouth disease and roundheads (Eremias sp. and Phrynocephalus versicolor). In the South Gobi aimag, near the village of Noen, Alsophylaxpipiens was found in the stomach of an arrow-snake; in Bayan-Khongor aimak, south of the Shara-Khalsny-Bulak oasis, a captured arrow-snake regurgitated Teratoscincus przewalskii.
The feeding pattern remains similar in this species throughout its entire range. According to the frequency of occurrence in the diet of arrow snakes in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the basis of nutrition is made up of various types of foot-and-mouth mosquitoes living there, less often - geckos, holly-eyes, roundheads and agamas, in some cases - snakes. Indications of insect remains in the contents of the arrow-snake's stomachs are erroneous; most likely, they enter the snake's stomachs from the stomachs of insect-eating lizards that become the prey of these snakes.
- Enemies.
No data available for Mongolia. According to data from Central Asia, this snake is hunted and eaten by gray monitor lizards, sand frets, kites, snake-eaters, black crow, long-eared hedgehog, fox. In Mongolia, many birds of prey and mammals apparently feed on it.
- Behavior.
It can lie in wait for prey on the branches of bushes. The arrow-snake first bites the victim and then wraps its body in rings. Poisonous teeth are located at the rear end of the upper jaw, deep in the mouth. Poisonous to small animals - lizards die from the poison of the arrow-snake in a few seconds. This snake is not dangerous to humans. The snake is distinguished by its swift movements, which is why it got its name. These same features of her locomotion probably served as the basis for the belief in Mongolia that she is able to fly several meters behind a person, chasing him, and upon reaching, passes through the body and kills the victim. Similar legends are known regarding the snake arrow in Central Asia, where it is also considered very dangerous and even poisonous.
- Conservation status.
A species with a vast Eurasian range, which occupies a significant part of the south of Mongolia, and an almost continuous distribution pattern. Most of The arrow snake's range is located in protected areas. The destruction of these snakes by the population as poisonous is called a specific anthropic load.
The arrow snake (Psammophis lineolatus), or simply the arrow, is a venomous snake of the colubrid family. This species is common in Central Asia. The arrow snake is most numerous in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan; there is a small habitat in Azerbaijan. It is also found in China and Iran. Most often it prefers to live in sand, less often on clay soil. Always tries to stay close to the bushes.
Why is this snake called an arrow? Probably for the speed of movement and for its rapid “flight”. Once you see an arrow, it is impossible to understand how it moves. It seems that she does not crawl, but flies from bush to bush, and through the bushes it “flows” like mercury. And only a trace in the sand in the form of a straight groove indicates that an arrow crawled here.
The appearance of the snake also corresponds to the name. The graceful, “slender” body is pointed - a long thin tail on one side, and a small, seemingly pointed head on the other. The total body length is approximately 90 cm. The eyes are large and the pupil is round. The upperparts are sandy gray or olive gray. There are 4 dark stripes along the body. The belly is light, sometimes with grayish or brownish spots. The main difference from other snakes that live in the sand is that they are long and thin body.
The snake’s manner of holding itself in a straightened state also reminds us of its resemblance to an arrow. It is rarely seen curled up in a ball, which is common for vipers, snakes and many other snakes. Another feature of the arrow is its “stance” or “hunting pose.” Imagine a meter long cord lying on the ground. The front part of the “cord” with the tip bent at a right angle is raised - this is a vertical column. The rest of the body is assembled into an “accordion”, like a spring, ready to straighten at any moment. It is in this position that the arrow can most often be found in nature.
The arrow leads daytime look life, and at night it hides in various shelters - rodent burrows, spaces under stones, etc. It hunts various desert lizards, which, by the way, are almost as fast as it moves. Therefore, despite the speed, the arrow hunts for them from around the “corner” - stealthily. The diet usually includes agamas, roundheads, foot and mouth diseases, and geckos. Sometimes some species of snakes also become its prey.
The arrow appears on its hunting grounds early in the morning, when it is still cool and the lizards have not come to the surface. Slowly crawling from bush to bush, she hides for a while near one of them in her “signature” hunting stance. This “column” sticks out near the bush, smoothly swaying from side to side until a careless lizard approaches it, and then a lightning-fast throw occurs, and the victim ends up in the snake’s mouth. Usually the arrow grabs the prey across the body, closer to the head. A grip in this part of the body is most convenient for a predator, since it deprives the victim of the opportunity to use its teeth. Venom injected into the chest area quickly immobilizes the lizard. However, hunting is not always successful. Often crawling tens of meters and making stands near the bushes, the arrow is forced to leave its lands without a sip. In order not to miss, she grabs the victim only with close range, and in case of a miss, with all his mobility, he extremely rarely rushes after him.
Is the Arrow Snake poisonous? The answer to this question is yes, but she needs poison primarily to immobilize the victim. Otherwise, how could she swallow an agile and rather strong lizard? For example, more massive snakes strangle the victim with the rings of their body before swallowing. The small poisonous teeth of the arrow-snake are located deep in the mouth; it can only use them when it swallows the victim with its entire jaw. Thanks to this feature, as well as its peaceful disposition, it is considered practically harmless to humans. If you accidentally encounter a shooter, he will try to immediately retreat. Even if by some miracle it finds itself in the hands of a person, the arrow-snake makes no attempt to bite; first of all, it strives to escape. However, among the unfair criticisms addressed to her, you can often hear “the most poisonous snake.” The famous Russian scientist A.M. Nikolsky, in a book dedicated to reptiles, wrote that local residents They are very afraid of arrows: “They are convinced that an arrow can pierce the heart of a man, horse or camel in one leap.” But, let us repeat, a snake arrow does not pose any danger to humans.
Subfamily False snakes - Boiginae
Class: Reptilia = Reptiles
Subclass: Lepidosauria = Lepidosaurs, scaly lizards
Order: Squamata Oppel = Scaly
Suborder: Serpentes (Ophidia) Linnaeus = Snakes
Species: Psammophis lineolatus Brandt = Arrow snake
Arrow snake - Psammophis lineolatus Brandt
Class Reptiles, or Reptiles - Reptilia Suborder Snakes - Ophidia, or Serpentes Family Colubridae - Colubridae Subfamily False snakes - Boiginae
A slender snake up to 90 cm long. The upper side of the body is grayish-olive, sandy, and brown. There are two dark stripes on the sides.
Distributed in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It lives on sand, rocky or clayey slopes, salt marshes, and saxaul thickets. It climbs well and often escapes from danger on branches. The movements are extremely rapid, justifying the name. Able to lift and hold horizontally the front part of the body. It feeds mainly on lizards, which it envelops in body rings, but kills with the bite of its poisonous teeth. The bite is harmless to humans. 
There is a belief about a snake's arrow that it rushes at a person or animal and pierces the heart with all its might. There are many tales told about snakes, but this is only about one. And a legend was born thanks to the snake’s ability to move very quickly. Indeed, like an arrow fired from a bow, she rushes along the ground - thin, slender, elastic, with a small pointed head. This snake is very accurately named - an arrow. And it’s not clear whether they called her that because of her fast movement or her appearance. Rather, for both. The arrow snake moves at such a speed that a person cannot always catch up with it. But this snake rushes not in order to “pierce the heart,” but in order to save itself. All her dexterity, all her skill are aimed precisely at this. Leave, run away, hide in some rodent's hole, under stones, in a crack in the ground. If there is no suitable shelter underground, she will just as quickly climb a tree and hide there, becoming completely invisible due to her coloring.
A snake can jump up to 40 centimeters, and in length - half a meter or more. But again, not in order to pierce someone’s heart, but in order to grab a gaping lizard.
ARROW SNAKE (Psammophis lineolatus) 
ARROW SNAKE (Psammophis lineolatus) is widespread in deserts and semi-deserts of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Central Asia, Northern Iran, Afghanistan and Eastern Transcaucasia. Its body length reaches 90 cm. The color of the upper side is olive-gray, sandy or brownish, and the edges of the scales are slightly lighter than their middle. On the sides of the ridge there are two longitudinal stripes of a dark color; there is one slightly lighter stripe on the sides of the body. The space between the lateral and dorsal stripes on the head and neck is yellow or orange. The arrow-snake lives on sand, rocky or clayey slopes with sparse bushes, and is often found on mountains and salt marshes. It is especially numerous in saxaul thickets. Rodent holes, cracks in the soil, and piles of stones serve as hiding places. In these same shelters, snakes spend the winter and also spend the hottest months (in the southern part of their range) in summer hibernation. The snake arrow received its name for its extraordinary swiftness of movements. Behind the creeping large snake, writes V.N. Shnitnikov, a person has to run under great stress, and she often manages to escape even by open place. The movement of a large arrow-snake gives the impression as if it were moving with the help of some hidden mechanism, and not by the forces of the animal itself, - the speed of movement is so inconsistent with the barely noticeable movements of the body that actually cause it. It seems that the snake, straightened, slides along the ground completely independently of itself. The rapidity of the snake's arrow movements gave rise to an ancient Turkmen legend that it can "suddenly kill people, horses, camels and mules, piercing their hearts with one leap." The arrow-snake climbs well and often escapes pursuit on branches. Thanks to its protective coloring and thin body, it can be very difficult to detect even among the rare branches of saxaul. On the branches, snakes also escape the heat of the day, since at some distance from the hot surface of the soil the temperature is much lower. The jumping height of a fast-moving arrow-snake reaches 30-40 cm. The caught animal energetically tries to free itself, but bites relatively rarely. Taken in hand, with its muscles tensed, the snake is unusual to the touch: it seems that an elastic wire is inserted into its very dense and thin body. It can lift its body vertically upward by more than half its length and stretch horizontally by 35-40 cm when suspended. Even in a calm state, resting or basking in the sun, the arrow-snake prefers to straighten its body rather than curl up into a ball. The food of the arrow-snake consists exclusively of lizards: round-headed lizards, foot-and-mouth lizards, agamas. She hunts by lying in wait or hiding her prey and, when the latter is close enough, she makes a swift, barely perceptible to the eye throw, wrapping the victim in several rings of her body. After the lizard is firmly grasped, the poisonous teeth are used. With its mouth open wide, the snake bites the prey on the neck, clenches its jaws tightly and loosens its grip only when the prey’s resistance weakens. Even paralysis from poison large lizards occurs within a few seconds after the bite. After this, the arrow-snake opens its coils and, after licking the prey, slowly swallows it. Small and young snakes often feed on large insects. Snake arrow bite for large mammals and is completely harmless to humans. Eggs in the amount of 2-6 pieces are laid by females in June - July, young ones hatch in August...
Poisonous animals and plants of the USSR/B.N. Orlov, D.B. Gelashvili, A.K. Ibragimov. - M.: Higher. school, 1990. - 272 s.
Snake arrow Snake arrow
reptile of the snake family. Length up to 90 cm. Lives in sandy deserts Western, Central and Middle Asia. It moves quickly (hence the name). The bite is not dangerous to humans.
ARROW-SNAKEARROW-SNAKE (Psammophis lineolatus), a species of poisonous snake of the subfamily of false snakes of the family Colubridae (cm. SNAKES). Body length up to 90 cm. The color of the top is olive-gray, sandy or brown with a delicate light mesh. There are two dark stripes on the sides, separated by a wide light area, yellow or orange on the head and neck. The belly is light.
The arrow-snake is common in the deserts and semi-deserts of Western, Central and Central Asia and Eastern Transcaucasia. It lives on sand, as well as on rocky or clayey slopes overgrown with sparse bushes, and is often found in the mountains. It is especially numerous in saxaul thickets. Adults feed exclusively on lizards: roundheads, agamas and various foot-and-mouth diseases, and young ones often hunt large insects. Protective coloration and its thin body makes it completely invisible in the branches of bushes. It catches prey in a swift rush from an ambush, wrapping rings around its body. The fatal bite is delivered only after the victim is firmly grasped. In times of danger, it can jump up to 30-40 cm in height. When resting or basking in the sun, it prefers to straighten its body rather than curl up into a ball. Breeds in June–July. There are from 2 to 6 eggs in a clutch. Young snakes hatch in August. It got its name for the speed of its movements. Even a running person cannot always catch up with her. According to an ancient Turkmen legend, a snake arrow can instantly kill a person, horse, camel or mule by piercing its heart while jumping. The local population considers it dangerous to humans, but the bite of an arrow-snake is not dangerous to people.
encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .
Synonyms:See what a “snake arrow” is in other dictionaries:
Snake arrow ... Wikipedia
- (Psammophis lineolatus), snake of the family. snakes. Body thin, long. up to 90 cm. On the dorsal side there are 4 longitudinal dark stripes on an olive-gray background, bordered by black. The scales are smooth. Poison-conducting grooved teeth at the posterior end of the maxillary bone.... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
Noun, number of synonyms: 2 snake (72) reptile (63) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
A reptile of the snake family. Length up to 90 cm. Lives in the sandy deserts of the Front and Center. and Wed. Asia. It moves quickly (hence the name). The bite is not dangerous to humans... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Snake arrow, snake arrows... Spelling dictionary-reference book
snake arrow- arrow/snake/, arrows/snake/, pl. arrows to the snake, arrows to the snake... Together. Apart. Hyphenated.
- (Psammophis lineolatus) reptile of the subfamily of false snakes. The body is thin, length up to 120 cm. The scales are smooth. Coloration on an olive gray or sandy gray background of the body: 4 longitudinal dark stripes, bordered by black. Distributed S. z. V… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Reptile fam. snakes Length up to 90 cm. Lives in the sandy deserts of the Front, center. and Wed. Asia. It moves quickly (hence the name). The bite is not dangerous to humans... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary
snake arrow- (1 f 1 f), R. arrows / snakes / ... Spelling dictionary of the Russian language
Arrow: Arrow is a projectile fired from a bow Arrow is the main working element of a load-lifting crane or excavator Arrow (series of books), publishing house "Young Guard" (Moscow) Arrow (electronic computer) ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Series "Masters of Modern Prose" (set of 65 books), . Here is a unique selection of books from the “Masters of Modern Prose” series. 65 volumes from twentieth-century authors. Each volume is supplied with reference articles with information about the authors. There are many authors, but...
An indigenous inhabitant of rocky and sandy areas is the arrow snake. The reptile is distinguished by the presence of four stripes on its sandy-gray body. Is the arrow snake poisonous or not? This is a question many people ask. This is exactly what we will now try to figure out.
Description of the species
She got hers for her high speed of movement. The reptile lives in Asian countries and Kazakhstan and reaches a length of 90 cm. The upper part of the body is colored based on a gray palette: olive-gray, sandy or brown. The body has a pointed shape, and the eyes of the arrow are large with a round pupil. Four longitudinal black stripes stretch along the entire body.
The snake's belly is usually light in color and sometimes has small gray spots. It differs from other representatives of the colubrid family by its rather long and slender body. Arrow refers to poisonous snakes, so you should beware of meeting a desert resident. Photos of the arrow snake are presented in the article.
Snake habitats
This type widespread in the deserts of Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. You can often find representatives of this species on rocky mountain slopes. Places for shelter are usually cracks in the soil, hollow spaces on a stone surface. Often the arrow snake takes refuge in rodent burrows. Most individuals try to stay close to the thickets of a few bushes. There they can rest or escape persecution.
Lifestyle
The fast arrow snake, whose description makes it the most interesting and attractive species of desert creatures, is diurnal. During the daytime, she stays awake and gets her own food. The diet of a reptile is different types rodents, fleet-footed lizards, roundheads and agamas. Also, the sandy beauty does not disdain some species of its relatives.
At night, the arrows are placed in rodent holes, climbed under stones, or driven into cracks in the ground. It is not always possible to detect a snake's den right away. The camouflage coloration makes this poisonous beauty completely invisible among the sandy terrain.
How does a snake move?
The snake behaves differently from other members of the family. It can often be seen not curled up in a ball, as vipers usually do, but in a straightened form. This is one of the main similarities between the snake and the object after which it is named. The posture of the snake during the stance is also different. Its front part is extended in a vertical position, and the back part is assembled in the form of an accordion.
It is impossible to immediately determine how an arrow snake moves across the terrain. Observing the speed of its movement, it may seem that the arrow is not crawling, but flying over sand or stones. Thanks to its natural protective coloring, it is quite difficult to detect among the branches of trees and shrubs. In the dense foliage of trees, these snakes escape from the sultry heat and from being chased. They climb branches excellently and can move in rapid jumps from one tree to another. If you catch a snake, it will feel like an elastic, hard wire covered with skin. All her muscles immediately tense, at this moment the arrow does not bite, but actively tries to escape from captivity.
How does an arrow hunt?
When hunting, the snake is always in a certain stance. If you don’t look closely, you may not notice it at all, it is so well camouflaged by its color. As soon as the victim is selected, the snake makes a lightning-fast throw, which takes a split second, and the victim is already in the wide mouth of the predator. Live food is almost always captured in the middle of the body, closer to the head. This can be explained by the fact that the arrow deprives the victim of the opportunity to resist. First, it bites the prey, injecting poison, then wraps itself around and suffocates. After the death of the caught animal or insect, the meal begins.
The hunting process is not always successful. Sometimes you have to go to another place in search of prey. After all, if the snake misses during the throw, then the rodent or lizard immediately retreats, and the arrow rarely gives chase. It’s easier for her to find a new victim, and for this she again adopts the signature stance.
Is a poisonous arrow snake dangerous?
The snake needs venom only to kill its prey. Its small poisonous teeth are located deep in its mouth, and the poison enters the victim when it is swallowed deeply. For people, this is completely harmless for the reason that the arrow is a peace-loving creature. If you catch it, the snake will not even attempt to bite, but will only try to escape from your hands. Therefore, if you encounter such an interesting representative of the colubrid family on the way, you should not be afraid of it. And the arrow itself will try to instantly retreat.
Deserts and semi-deserts of many countries are habitats large quantity adapted to this climatic zone snakes, lizards and other interesting animals and insects. Not all snakes carry mortal danger for humans, even if they are considered poisonous. This species also includes the arrow snake, a completely harmless creature for humans.
