Wild animals of our forest. Presentation "Wild Animals"
Target : formation of lexical and grammatical categoriesfor children of the senior speech therapy group on the topic “Wild Animals”.
Tasks :
Educational :
Clarify and expand ideas aboutwild animals(bear, wolf, fox, hare, squirrel, hedgehog, their families, habitat, nutrition;
Expand and activate the vocabulary on this topictopic;
Practice forming possessive adjectives from nouns;
Learn to coordinate nouns with adjectives;
Practice case management of nouns.
Correctional and developmental :
- develop logical thinking, attention, perception;
- developgeneral and fine motor skills;
- developarbitrariness of behavior;
Develop graphic skills;
Learn to coordinate speech with movement.
Correctional and educational :
Induce positive emotions in children during activities;
- cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.
Equipment : pictures of wild animals, audio recordings, pictures of wild animals for each child (unfinished). Presentation.
Node progress:
1. Organizational moment.
An audio recording plays. To the music (the knock of a woodpecker in the forest, the voices of birds, animals ) children come intogroup .
Speech therapist : - Guys, did you find out whose voices these were?
Children : -These are the voices of animals and birds.
Speech therapist : -Where can we hear these birds and animals?
Children : - In the forest.
Speech therapist :- Do you want to get to know animals better and learn more about them?
Children : -Yes.
Speech therapist: - I suggest you take a trip to winter forest. Let's dress warmer.
Imitation of dressing in combination with massage movements according to the text:
We put on sweaters, warm pants,
We put on hats, fur coats, and shirtfronts.
Mittens for the hands, put on boots.
Well, are you ready, kids? The sleigh is already waiting for us. Slide
Here we are in the forest!
Hello forest, wonderful forest
Full of fairy tales and miracles.
Who is hiding in your wilderness,
What kind of animal, what kind of bird?
Open everything, don’t hide it,
You see, we have arrived.
How beautiful it is here! Slide
Work on developing breathing.
Let's breathe some clean forest air.
Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth.
Coordination of speech with movement
We will quietly go into the forest. (Walking in place)
What will we see in it? (Turns head left and right)
There are trees up to the sky, (Smoothly they rise through the sides
The wind is blowing strong
And he shakes the trees. (Swinging hands raised up)
Hush, don't make noise,
We want to find forest animals.
It's quiet in the forest now, but
If you listen closely, you can hear many different sounds in the forest.
Wolf in the forest - ... howls Pretend a wolf's grin, howling like wolves (Oooh)
She-bear - ... roars (Y-Y-Y)
Boar -... grunts......(grunts)
Fox -...yelps.....
In the forest, in addition to birds and animals, you can also hear echoes.
Now I will speak either quietly or loudly, and you will be my echo.
Pure talk
Doo-doo-doo - I'm walking along the path Slide
Dy-duh-duh - I see footprints in the snow
De-de-de – a forest animals Where?
Di - di - di - who's behind the tree, look.
We will pass quietly, we will not scare anyone away.
Animals hide from us, but we have a keen eye.
Game “Find out by silhouette” (“noisy” pictures) . Slide
Formation of nouns in V. p without preposition
Who did you see? Nastya, who do you see? And you, Kolya?...
(I see a fox. I see a bear. Etc.)
Speech therapist : What do we call animals living in the forest in one word? (Wild)
Why are they called that?....(Children's answers).....
Let's play the guessing game. I will name the distinctive features of some animal, and you must guess who I am talking about.
Angry, hungry, gray. Slide
Cowardly, long-eared.
Sly, red-haired, predatory.
Red-haired, small, fast.
Big, brown, clumsy.
Horned, powerful, leisurely.
Prickly, small, dexterous.
Exercises to develop the lexical and grammatical aspects of speech.
Who is there a lot in the forest? A game "One is many"
Wolf - wolves.
Squirrel is protein.
Elk - moose.
Hare - hares.
Mole - moles, etc.
Guess what, guys
What kind of animals wanted
Play hide and seek with us?
We need little animals with you
You can tell by their tails. Slide
D/Game “Whose tail? ” (formation of possessive adjectives)
Whose tail do you see?(I see a fox's tail... etc.
(Formation of nouns in the R. case with the preposition U)
Speech therapist : Who has the shortest tail?
The fluffiest?
Similar to a fox, but smaller?
The ugliest?
Now the animals have become bolder,
looked out from behind the spruce.
Whose ears did we see?
Name all the medals of connoisseursI'll hand it over right away.
Whose ears? (bearish……. Slide
It’s so quiet in the forest, wonderful.
We're just looking in vain
A hedgehog and a badger, a bear and a chipmunk.
And we won't find the raccoon. They sleep in the bitter winter.
And everyone has their own home.
It’s so warm and cozy in it Slide
Finger gymnastics.
At the fox in the deep forestThere is a hole - a safe home.
Snowstorms are not scary in winter
A squirrel in a hollow on a spruce tree.
A prickly hedgehog under the bushes
Rakes leaves into a pile.
From branches, roots, bark
The hut is made by beavers.
A clubfoot sleeps in a den
He sucks his paw until spring.
Well, where is the hare's home?
A little hare lives under a bush.
Home - palms, children
bend the fingers on both hands on each
couplet.
make bunny ears
spread their arms to the sides
Game “Name the Family”.
Speech therapist : - Guys, everyoneanimals have a family .
Name the family of animals: father, mother, baby. (This is a hare family. Dad is a hare, mom is a hare, baby is a hare. Etc.) Slide
Speech therapist :- Now name itwild animals kind words.
A game "Call me kindly"
Bear is a little bear.
The hare is a bunny.
Fox is a fox.
Squirrel is a squirrel.
Wolf - top, etc.
Remember fairy tales in which the heroes are wild animals. (Children call)
What are animals called in fairy tales?
Mikhailo Potapych,
Fox-sister, Lisa Patrikeevna
The top is a gray barrel, a bunny.
Speech therapist: -Are you probably tired? Well then, everyone got up together and rested a little.
Physical education lesson “To the watering hole.”
Once upon a time along a forest path(children walk in a circle)
The animals went to water.
A calf trampled after its mother elk,(they walk, stomping loudly)
A little fox sneaked behind the mother fox,(sneak on tiptoes)
A hedgehog rolled after its mother, the hedgehog,(move squat)
A bear cub followed the mother bear,(they waddle)
The baby squirrels jumped after the mother squirrel,(jumping)
Behind the mother hare there are slanting hares,(show ears)
The she-wolf led the wolf cubs(sneak)
All mothers and children want to get drunk.(face in circle, lapping movements with tongue)
It's good to drink water, but it's time to refresh yourself.
Game “Who eats what?” Slide
The following pictures are displayed on the board:
On the first line - meat in a plate;
On the second - grass, mushroom, berry.
Guys, all wild animals are divided into two large groups: predators that feed on meat, that is, they eat smaller animals; Andherbivores that eat grass, mushrooms, and grains. Think about which group the animal in the picture belongs to and put it on the appropriate line (children go one by one to the board and complete the task).
Tricky questions.
Who has more paws - a hare or a squirrel?
How many ears, tails, and paws do two squirrels have?
Who (what) is bigger – hares or bunny ears?
Speech therapist : - Guys, look carefully atwild animals, on their external signs. Let's talk about them in one word.
Exercise to develop word formation. Slide
Speech therapist : - What kind of nose does the fox have?(spicy) So what is she like?(sharp-nosed) ;
What kind of ears does a hare have?(long) . So what is he like?(long-eared) ;
Like a squirrelARE THE TEETH?) So what is she like?( SHARP TOOTH ).
What kind of antlers does a moose have?(long) So what is he like?(long-horned).
How can a wolf's legs run?(fast) So what is he like?(swift-footed) etc.
What kind of paws does a bear have? (thick) -…. thick-footed.
Exercise to develop graphic skills
Speech therapist : Today I have prepared pictures for you with the imagewild animals . But they are not completed. You must complete the missing parts of the body.
Keep them for yourself and color them at home.
Our journey has now ended. It's time for us to return home.
The bells ring loudly, the sleigh rushes us to the kindergarten.
Bottom line. Did you enjoy our trip? Where we were? Who did we meet there? What new things have you learned about wild animals?
SPEECH DEVELOPMENT. LEXICAL TOPIC "WILD BEASTS OF OUR FORESTS AND THEIR CHILDREN"CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW THE NOUNS: bear, she-bear, bear cub, wolf, she-wolf, cub, hare, hare, hare, fox, fox, fox, fox, hole, lair, squirrel, squirrel, hollow, elk, elk, calf, horns, hedgehog , hedgehog, hedgehog, wild boar, female boar, boar, badger, badger, little badger, forest, clearing, cheat, paw, wool, claws, nose, ears, hooves, tail. Muzzle, snout, mouth, animals, cubs, bushes, trees, mouse, lynx, raccoon, beaver, deer, marten, fangs, sable, mink, mole, den, connecting rod.
ADJECTIVES: brown, clubfooted, cunning, predatory, gray, tireless, scary, thick (fur), red, wild, fluffy, dexterous, careful, fast, white, cowardly, long-eared, lop-eared, sensitive (ears), oblique, timid, velvet, prickly, wolf, striped.
VERBS: wanders, climbs, roars, tears (bast), jumps, gallops, growls, grins. Hunts, escapes, howls, gnaws, digs, runs, “gave a go,” collects, stores, grunts, sniffs, sniffs, listens, hides, pricks, sneaks, sucks, lies down, falls.
CHILDREN SHOULD BE ABLE TO NAME THE FAMILY:
Bear, she-bear, little bear.
Hare, hare, bunny...
SELECT NOUNS TO ADJECTIVES:
Brown, club-footed, clumsy - ...
Gray, toothy, scary -...
Sly, fluffy, red - ...
CALL MOTHER:
The bear's cub is
little fox...,
bunny at...
WHO LIVES WHERE:
A fox lives in a hole.
In the den -...
In the lair -...
In the hollow -...
WHO WILL GIVE WHAT TO:
Meat for the wolf
raspberries -...,
honey -...,
carrot -...,
nuts -...
SELECT NOUNS TO THE VERB:
Hunts -...
Sneaks - ...
Howls -...
Biting -...
Jumps -...
Cunning -...
Waddles -...
SELECT SIGNS:
Wolf (which one?) -….
Fox (which one?) - ...
Hedgehog (what?) - ...
SELECT ACTIONS:
Bear (what is he doing?) - ...
Fox (what is he doing?) - ...
Hare (what is he doing?) - ...
CORRECTLY ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: WHOSE? WHOSE? WHOSE? WHOSE?
Trail - wolf, fox, hare...
Ears - bear, hare, squirrel...
The head is elk, hedgehog, wolf, fox...
FORM NEW WORDS USING PRESIDENTS:
Walks - moves, leaves, goes around, passes, enters, enters, leaves, finds, leaves, approaches, reaches, arrives, leaves, passes.
COMPLETE A DESCRIPTIVE STORY ACCORDING TO PLAN.
What is the name of?
Where does he live?
What kind of home does he have?
Which appearance?
What habits?
What does it eat?
How does it get food?
What are his enemies?
How to defend yourself?
What is the cub's name?
The fox is a predator. The fox mainly hunts mice, gophers, and less often hares. The fox cunningly catches hedgehogs. She rolls the hedgehog to the water, he straightens his spines in the water and swims to the shore. This is where the fox is waiting for him.
The fox lives in a hole, and in the spring the fox gives birth to cubs.
The squirrel is a rodent. She eats nuts, berries, mushrooms, and pine cones. The squirrel has sharp claws. This helps her quickly climb the tree. The fluffy tail serves as a parachute for the squirrel. A squirrel lives in a hollow and insulates its nest with down. In summer the squirrel is red, and in winter it is gray. In winter, the squirrel sleeps almost all the time and rarely looks out of the hollow. The squirrel is a thrifty housewife. She prepares nuts for the winter and dries mushrooms on tree branches. In the spring, squirrels give birth to squirrels.
The wolf is a predatory animal. Wolves live in a pack. A pack is a wolf family. Wolves almost always hunt for sick, weak animals. Wolves hunt at night. Wolves live in a den to raise wolf cubs; wolf cubs appear in the spring.
The bear is an omnivore. He loves to eat honey, berries, fish, ants, roots, but can also attack humans. The bear is clumsy in appearance, but easily climbs trees and runs quickly. The bear builds a den for himself from twigs, fallen trees, and moss. In winter, a mother bear gives birth to cubs. If a bear has accumulated little fat since the fall, it wakes up in the winter and walks through the forest hungry. For this the bear was nicknamed the connecting rod.
The hare is a rodent. The hare feeds on grass, leaves, shrub bark, mushrooms, and roots. In winter, it chews the bark of trees. The hare is white in winter and gray in summer. This helps him hide from predators. Long, fast legs also save the hare from its enemies. The hare runs up the mountain at a run, and down the mountain somersaults. The hare lives under a bush in the summer, and digs a hole in the snow in the winter. In the spring, the hare gives birth to baby hares.
EXERCISE “GUESS AND TELL”.
This beast lives in the forest,
It gnaws the bark of the trunks.
In the summer in a gray fur coat,
And in winter - in white. (Hare)
What does a hare eat in spring? (grass, leaves).
The owner of the forest
Wakes up in the spring
And in winter, under the blizzard howl
He sleeps in a snow hut. (Bear)
What does a bear eat? (roots, grass, beetles, mice, hares).
You and I will recognize the animal
According to two such signs:
He's wearing a fur coat in the gray winter,
And in a red fur coat - in the summer. (Squirrel)
What does a squirrel feed on? (cones, nuts).
All winter between the trees
Slept through a bag of needles.
“F-f.f - stop sleeping,
It's time to get up!" (Hedgehog)
What does a hedgehog eat? (bugs, worms, mice).
Gray and toothy.
Howls on a stormy day:
"U-u-u.." (Wolf)
What food does a wolf eat? (meat - catches mice, hares, sheep).
The tail is fluffy,
Golden fur,
Lives in the forest
He steals chickens from the village. (Fox)
Who else does the fox catch? (mice, hares).
A forest is not only a collection of all kinds of shrubs and trees, but a whole ecosystem. It is a complex community of closely intertwined elements of living and inanimate nature. This ecosystem includes both living organisms, called biota, and non-living ones - the abiotic component: water, soil, air. In this article, we are interested in forest biota, which includes not only all kinds of vegetation and microorganisms, but also mammals. In particular, we will find out what the brightest animals of the forest zone of Russia are.
What is a forest?
WITH scientific point In general terms, a forest is a more or less significant natural space overgrown with vegetation and trees. Moreover, vegetation, consisting of ferns, shrubs, mushrooms and herbs, must necessarily cover the soil between the trees, otherwise the territory cannot be considered a forest. Another component of this concept is animal world forests (animals, birds, insects). Without them, he simply cannot exist, just as they cannot exist without him.
The breath of our planet
There is a saying: “The life of a small forest is the breath of an entire planet.” And it’s hard to disagree with this. After all, it is the forest with its ecosystem that purifies the air on our planet, saturating it with oxygen. Even for a person who is difficult to surprise with anything, a painfully familiar forest can open up a world full of secrets and mysteries! Despite its alluring silence and fabulous peace, life here is, as they say, in full swing.
The forest biota contains quite a lot of birds, animals and insects. To see them and enjoy the wildlife with your own eyes, you just need to come to the nearest oak grove and carefully look around. Even tiny ants and spiders are already a whole “zoo society”, a microcosm, which is the “foundation” of the entire forest biota. So, what are they - the brightest animals in the forest zone of our country?
Red-haired beauty
First of all, it is worth mentioning the cheating fox! This prankster inhabits forest areas almost throughout Asia and North America. In our country, foxes can be observed in large numbers in Siberian forests. This predator from the canine family has a medium-sized body, covered with a warm red fur coat. The distinctive pride of foxes is their fluffy tail.
These animals live mainly on the edges of mixed forests, inhabit the shores of lakes and forest streams. Foxes are wild animals, but despite this, they are often kept as pets. The favorite delicacies of red cheats are mice, hares, berries and fruits. The role of foxes in the life of the forest cannot be overestimated. So, without a doubt, this is a useful animal, regulating the number of mouse-like rodents that cause irreparable harm to cultivated plants.
Without hedgehogs, a forest is not a forest!
In deciduous and mixed forest areas at almost every step you can find common hedgehogs. As the famous zoologist Nikolai Drozdov said: “A forest without hedgehogs is not a forest!” Which of us has not seen this animal at least once in our lives? Probably there are simply no such people. Nevertheless, we will briefly describe it. Hedgehogs are small sizes animals covered with fur and spines. These animals of the forest zone live throughout Europe, as well as in Asia and the Far East.
The lifestyle of hedgehogs can seem quite boring and even somewhat dull. During the day, these animals sleep as if killed, and at night they search for food. By the way, their diet consists of earthworms, small birds, and beetles. Those who have kept ordinary hedgehogs as pets are well aware of their nocturnal lifestyle: the animal quickly runs around the house, tap-dancing with its paws. It's simply impossible to fall asleep!
Russian forest orderlies
You probably immediately guessed who we were talking about. These are, of course, wolves. True, these predators are not so much animals of the forest zone as of the forest-steppe, and sometimes steppe. These animals are widespread throughout our country. Wolves, like foxes, belong to the canine family, being quite large animals with strong paws. Wolf fur is coarse and very thick.
These animals are unsurpassed collective hunters. As you know, they track their prey in whole packs, which allows them to successfully hunt large wild boars, elk, and domestic animals. In times of famine they feed on carrion, birds, and hares. As you know, the natural role of this predator is to improve the health of the animal population. The wolf is a kind of “filter” of the forest, which regulates the number of sick and weak animals, bringing invaluable benefits to the entire forest biota.
It’s quiet in the forest, only the badger is not sleeping...
Badgers are animals of the forest zone of mixed type. They are very active and active forest predators. Their massive body is supported by awkwardly short legs. The fur is rough. These animals inhabit the entire European territory, including Russia. They lead mainly night image life. During the day, the animals sit in burrows. Badgers eat both plant and animal foods. These animals are valuable not only for their fur, but also for their fat.
Tigers
Some people do not know that tigers are animals of the forest zone of Russia, and not only of India, China, Iran and Afghanistan. These animals are the second largest large land predators after bears. Their distinctive feature is a flexible body, painted in bright orange and black stripes. However, not all tigers have only this color. There are also white tigers. In our country, these large wild cats inhabit Far East, living in mixed forests and taiga.
Lexical topic: “Wild animals of our forests”
Goal: To clarify and systematize children’s knowledge about wild animals.
Educational:
1. Practice forming complex adjectives, possessive adjectives, nouns with the suffix ИШ.
2. Agreement of numerals with a noun
3. Strengthen the ability to form nouns with diminutive suffixes.
Educational:
1. Expand, enrich and activate the vocabulary on the topic.
2. Contribute to the development of the prosodic side of speech.
3. Promote the development of phonemic awareness.
4. Development of coherent speech skills.
Educational:
1. Develop the ability to listen carefully to the teacher and peers.
2. Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
Equipment: Parcel, paper models of the heroes of the fairy tale “Teremok”, playing field,
Demonstration material: drawings of animal parts. Preliminary work: 1. Reading the fairy tale “Teremok” 2. Looking at illustrations about animals 3. Conversation about caring for the animals of our region
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
1. Organizational moment: - Look at the guests and greet them with a nod of your head. Today we received a package, let's see what's in it together. (We open the parcel, and there are envelopes with riddles in it.)
1. Lives in a hole, chews crusts
Short legs, afraid of cats (mouse)
2. The owner of the forest wakes up in the spring,
And in winter, under the blizzard howl
Sleeping in a snow hut (bear)
3.Who is cold in winter
An angry, hungry wolf walks around
4.What kind of forest animal
Stood up like a post under a pine tree
And stands among the grass -
Are your ears bigger than your head? (hare)
5. She is more cunning than all the animals,
She is wearing a red fur coat (fox)
6. The green animal is jumping
Not a mouth, but a trap
Will fall into a trap
And a mosquito and a fly (frog)
Children solve riddles and take on characters from the fairy tale “Teremok”
2. Report the topic of the lesson
What fairy tale are these characters from? Teremok. - Today we will tell this tale in a new way. One - two - three - bring the fairy tale to life. (Teremka playing field is laid out) 3. Expanding the vocabulary on the topic.
Speech therapist: There is a tower in the field. A little mouse runs past, sees the tower and asks:
CHILD: -Terem, teremok! Let me live with you?
Speech therapist: - I will, if the guys tell me where a wolf, a fox, a squirrel, a bear, a hare, a hedgehog lives in the forest. (The wolf lives in a den. The fox lives in a hole. Etc.) - A mouse came in and began to live there.
4. Agreement of nouns with numerals
Speech therapist: A frog-frog galloped up to the tower. She saw the Teremok and croaked: CHILD: - kva-kva-kva, Who lives in the tower? Let me live in your little mansion. Speech therapist: I will, if the guys name the cubs of wild animals with the number 1, 2, 32 (1 elk, fox, etc.) - A frog came in and began to live there.
5. Formation of nouns with diminutive suffixes.
Speech therapist: A little bunny runs past the mansion, stops and asks: CHILD: - Who lives in the mansion? Let me live in your little mansion. Speech therapist: I will, if you together call wild animals affectionately. (Mouse-mouse, hare..., hedgehog..., squirrel..., wolf..., fox..., bear..., elk..., boar...) - The bunny came in and began to live there.
6. Physical exercise: Finger gymnastics “Brown Bear”
Brown target in winter (fingers clench and unclench)
He slept soundly in the den. (put hands under cheek)
In the spring he woke up, (pulls his hands up)
Yawned and stretched: (yawn and stretch)
Hello, red fox! (bend fingers alternately)
Hello, little sister!
Hello, little gray wolf!
Hello, little white bunny!
And a prickly hedgehog brother.
7. Formation of possessive adjectives
Speech therapist: A little fox-sister runs past the mansion, stops and asks: CHILD: - Who lives in the mansion? Let me, little mansion, live with you. Speech therapist: I'll let you know whose paws and tails these are. (The ears of a hare are those of a hare, those of a wolf are those of a wolf, etc. (according to the pictures)) - A fox came in and began to live there.
8. Using compound adjectives
Speech therapist: A gray barrel top runs past the mansion, stops and asks: CHILD: - who lives in the mansion? Let me live in your little mansion. Speech therapist: I will, if you name difficult words together.
If a fox has thin paws, then it is thin-footed,
The hare has long ears - long-eared,
The squirrel has a red tail - red-tailed,
The bear has a short tail - short-tailed.
The hedgehog has a sharp nose - pointed,
The hare has slanted eyes - cross-eyed,
Moose have long legs - long-legged. - A wolf came in and began to live there.
9. Formation of nouns with the suffix –ish Work on speech prosody
Speech therapist: Now we sit down more quietly, more quietly - Let’s be quiet in our holes like mice. A bear walked through the forest, trampled and growled. He really wanted honey, but he didn’t know where to look. He saw the mansion and growled: CHILD: - who lives in the mansion? Let me in. Speech therapist: I’ll let you in if the guys tell me what?
The she-wolf has mustaches, the wolf has mustaches, and the wolf cub has mustaches,
The bear has paws,...
The bunny has ears...
The fox has a tail...
the moose has horns...
hedgehogs have claws...
the wolf has teeth...
The bear entered the mansion and began to live there.
10. Compilation of a descriptive story
Speech therapist: Well done! Children, who did you enjoy helping the most today? Let's tell you more about the bear according to the outline plan
Children tell a descriptive story in a chain.
Bear is a wild animal.
The bear lives in a den.
The bear has cubs - cubs.
The bear eats berries, honey and loves to fish.
11. Summary of the lesson
Our heroes began to live amicably and cheerfully in their little mansion. Did you like the fairy tale?
We will not talk about the marten as such, but about all representatives of the mustelid family, which includes: marten, sable, ermine, weasel, mink, otter, ferret. Because of their skins, these taiga animals are the most sought after for hunting. Their meat is not eaten, it is given only to dogs, and only their fur has a price. In martens challenging behavior and paw motor skills developed at the level of a three-year-old child. They love to do gymnastics. Marten cubs spend almost all their time playing. They make cooing noises when playing. Martens live up to 20 years. They feed on rodents, small birds and bird eggs. During the hunt, the marten breaks the vertebrae of the victim's neck, rolls its tongue into a tube and drinks blood from the still living victim.
The sable is active at dusk, at night, but often hunts during the day. An individual sable hunting area ranges from 150 - 200 hectares to 1500 - 2000 hectares, sometimes more. The boundaries of the individual area are marked by the secretion of the anal glands. Willingly eats plant foods. Favorite food: pine nuts, rowan berries, blueberries. Willingly eats lingonberries, blueberries, bird cherry, rose hips, and currants. Nesting shelters are in fallen hollows and standing trees, in stone placers, under the roots.
Hunting for mustelids is the main activity of professional commercial hunters. They hunt with the help of various self-catchers, mainly bags, dies, and traps. Often they use bait - in the form of a dead bird, for example.
Hare
Most often in northern forests Populations of the white hare predominate, and the European hare, the brown hare, is very rare. The brown hare differs from its northern counterpart in that it does not change fur color in winter.
Normally, white hares lead a solitary, territorial lifestyle, occupying individual plots of 3–30 hectares. In most of its range it is a sedentary animal, and its movements are limited seasonal change forage lands. Seasonal migrations to forests are typical in autumn and winter; in the spring - to open places where the first grass appears.
Mainly crepuscular and nocturnal animal of the forest. Most active in the early morning and early evening hours. Usually feeding (fattening) begins at sunset and ends at dawn, but in the summer there is not enough night time, and hares feed in the morning. Herbivorous forest animal. In the summer, hares in the tundra, escaping midges, switch to daytime feeding. In thaw, snowfall and rainy weather The hare often does not come out to feed at all. On such days, energy loss is partially compensated by coprophagia (eating excrement). In winter, during severe frosts, the hare digs holes 0.5-1.5 m long in the snow, in which it can spend the whole day and leave only when there is danger. When digging a hole, the hare compacts the snow rather than throwing it out.
From the resting place to the feeding place, hares run along the same route, especially in winter. At the same time, they trample down paths that are usually used by several animals. In winter, even a person without skis can walk along a well-trodden path. When going to bed, the hare usually moves in long jumps and confuses its tracks, making the so-called. “doubles” (returning to one’s own trail) and “sweeping” (big jumps to the side of the trail).
Wolverine
A very cunning and arrogant beast. Leads a solitary lifestyle. Quite daring in his behavior and, at the same time, very careful. It is not so easy to meet him in the forest. The wolverine makes its den under uprooted roots, in rock crevices and other secluded places, and goes out to feed at dusk. Unlike most mustelids, leading sedentary image life, the wolverine constantly wanders in search of prey throughout its individual territory, which occupies up to 1500-2000 sq. km. Thanks to powerful paws, long claws and a tail that acts as a balancer, the wolverine easily climbs trees. Possesses sharp vision, hearing and smell. Makes sounds similar to a fox's yelp, but rougher.
 |
 |
|
| Wolverine with a hunted partridge | wolverine cubs |
The wolverine is omnivorous, does not disdain to feast on carrion, and also likes to eat the leftovers after a meal of larger animals of the taiga, for example, a bear. Mainly hunts white hare, black grouse, hazel grouse, partridges, and rodents. Sometimes hunts larger animals, such as elk calves, wounded or sick animals. It often ruins the winter quarters of hunters and steals prey from traps. In summer it eats bird eggs, wasp larvae, berries and honey. Catches fish - near wormwood or during spawning, willingly picks up dead fish. Hunts birds, grabbing them on the ground when they are sleeping or sitting on nests. He is a nurse, destroying weak and sick animals. Can attack a person if cornered.
Wolverines, like lynxes, are well-tamed animals; in captivity they live up to 17 years, in wildlife- about 12.
Beaver
Another animal of the forest, lives everywhere. Habitats: river floodplains. Beaver - large rodent, adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle. The beaver has beautiful fur, which consists of coarse guard hairs and very thick silky underfur. Fur color ranges from light chestnut to dark brown, sometimes black. The tail and limbs are black. It is the object of commercial hunting, primarily for its fur; borba meat is also eaten. In the anal area there are paired glands, wen and the beaver stream itself, which secretes a strong-smelling secretion.
The smell of a beaver stream serves as a guide to other beavers about the border of the territory of a beaver settlement; it is unique, like fingerprints. The secretion of the wen, used in conjunction with the stream, allows you to keep the beaver tag in a “working” state for longer due to its oily structure, which evaporates much longer than the secretion of the beaver stream. Due to intensive hunting, by the beginning of the 20th century, the beaver was practically exterminated in most of its range.
Beavers live alone or in families. Full family consists of 5-8 individuals: a married couple and young beavers - the offspring of the past and current years. A family plot is sometimes occupied by the family for many generations. A small pond is occupied by one family or single beaver. On larger bodies of water, the length of the family plot along the shore ranges from 0.3 to 2.9 km. Beavers rarely move more than 200 m away from water. Beavers communicate with each other using scent marks, poses, beating their tails on the water, and whistling-like calls. When in danger, a swimming beaver slaps its tail loudly on the water and dives. The clap serves as an alarm signal to all beavers within earshot. Beavers are active at night and at dusk.
Beavers live in burrows or huts. The entrance to a beaver's home is always located under water for safety. Beavers dig burrows in steep and steep banks; they represent a complex labyrinth with 4-5 entrances. The walls and ceiling of the hole are carefully leveled and compacted. The living chamber inside the hole is located at a depth of no more than 1 m. The width of the living chamber is a little more than a meter, the height is 40-50 centimeters. Huts are built in places where digging a hole is impossible - on flat and low swampy banks and in shallows.
Beavers are strictly herbivorous. They feed on the bark and shoots of trees, preferring aspen, willow, poplar and birch, as well as various herbaceous plants.
Muskrat
Here's who, the muskrat is truly the rarest animal of the taiga. It is on the verge of extinction and is listed in the Red Book of Russia. It is almost impossible to meet her on the shores of taiga reservoirs. Found mainly in the southern taiga and mixed forests of Europe. Relatively large animal: body 18 - 22 cm long, tail the same, weight up to 520 g. Muskrats are practically blind, but have a developed sense of smell and touch. Most often they prefer to settle in closed floodplain reservoirs. Most For years, the animals live in burrows with one exit. The exit is underwater. The main part of the passage is located above the water level.
In summer, muskrats live alone, in pairs or in families, and in winter, up to 12-13 animals of different sexes and ages can live in one hole. Each animal has temporarily visited burrows located at a distance of 25-30 m from one another. The muskrat swims this distance along the connecting trench during the normal period of its stay under water - 1 minute. By earth's surface The muskrat cannot move quickly and becomes a victim of predators.
The muskrat in Russia has been brought to the brink of extinction by factors such as deforestation of floodplain forests, pollution of water bodies where animals live, drainage of floodplain lands, which worsens conditions for food production and protection, construction of dams and dams, as well as development on the banks of reservoirs, creation of reservoirs, grazing near water bodies.
Currently, the muskrat can be preserved thanks to special methods and non-traditional organizational forms, namely the creation of specialized hunting farms, the main principle of which is rational use and protection of these animals. TO natural factors, which negatively affect its numbers include long-term winter floods and high water levels.
Squirrel
One of the cutest animals northern forests. Looking like a toy, the squirrel attracts the attention of children. The squirrel is not dangerous to humans, except that it may scratch if it senses a danger to its offspring. One of the widely known distinctive features Many squirrels have their ability to store nuts for the winter. Some species bury nuts in the ground, others hide them in tree hollows. Scientists believe that the poor memory of some types of squirrels, in particular gray squirrels, helps preserve forests, since they bury nuts in the ground and forget about them, and new trees appear from sprouted seeds. Squirrel is a source of valuable fur. It is the object of commercial hunting. A squirrel skin costs between 50 and 100 rubles.
Unlike hares or deer, squirrels are not able to digest fiber and therefore mainly feed on vegetation rich in proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The hardest time for squirrels is early spring, when buried seeds begin to germinate and can no longer serve as food, and new ones have not yet ripened. Despite popular belief, squirrels are omnivores: in addition to nuts, seeds, fruits, mushrooms and green vegetation, they also eat insects, eggs and even small birds, mammals and frogs. Very often this food replaces nuts for squirrels in tropical countries.
Squirrels often sharpen their teeth on tree branches, but are unable to distinguish branches from electrical wires. In the United States, squirrels have twice in history caused a decline in the NASDAQ high-tech stock index and caused a cascading blackout at the University of Alabama.
Squirrel meat can be eaten if you get the protein with loops while surviving in the taiga. In the old days, the aborigines of the Northern Urals, the Mansi people, used a small-caliber rifle to shoot squirrels directly in the eye - in order not to spoil the skin.
Chipmunk
Another rodent that resembles a squirrel, and for good reason it does, because chipmunks and squirrels are from the same family. Depending on the species, the weight of chipmunks can range from 30 to 120 g, and the size can range from 5 to 15 cm with a tail length of 7 to 12 cm. Distinctive feature All species have five dark stripes along the back, separated by white or gray stripes. The chipmunk, like the squirrel, is a tree dweller. On open places and in a clean, tall forest without an undergrowth of young growth and shrubs, it never lives. The chipmunk especially loves places littered with windbreaks and dead wood, where it is convenient to hide.
 |
 |
|
| Gnawing a nut | Chipmunk |
During the winter, chipmunks do not fall asleep as deeply as, for example, gophers or marmots. They wake up in the middle of winter, eat a little, and then go back to sleep. Chipmunks really love warm and clear weather, and at the beginning of spring, when it is still quite cool, they are completely different from what we are used to seeing them on good summer days. Usually cheerful, playful and active, the animals spend only two to three hours a day in the air in the first days of spring and do not move far from their burrows, but, climbing tree branches, eat buds somewhere nearby. Lethargic and inactive, at this time they like to climb to the tops of still bare trees and sit quietly there for hours, basking in the rays of the spring sun.
When a person approaches, the chipmunk emits a jerky “chuck” or whistle. While the person is still far away, this whistle is heard relatively rarely and alternates with prolonged silence, and the animal sits on its hind legs and carefully examines the approaching one. Only after allowing a person or his dog 20-30 steps closer does the chipmunk start running. While running, he often repeats the alarm signal so that from a distance you can tell by the whistle whether the chipmunk is sitting still or running. The chipmunk has many enemies, mainly among small predatory animals and birds of prey. But sometimes he is pursued by such large predators like a bear.
Hedgehog
Also a very funny representative of the forest animal world. The common hedgehog inhabits a wide variety of places, avoiding vast swamps and continuous coniferous tracts. Prefers edges, copses, small clearings, and floodplains. He may well live next to a person. The common hedgehog is an animal that is active at night. Doesn't like to leave his home for a long time. Hedgehogs spend the day in a nest or other shelters. Nests are built in bushes, holes, caves, abandoned rodent burrows or in tree roots. Hedgehogs use their long middle toes to groom their spines. Animals lick their breasts with their tongues. In nature, these animals live 3 - 5 years, in captivity they can live up to 8 - 10 years.
Common hedgehogs are fairly fast animals for their size. They are able to run at speeds of up to 3 m/s, and can swim and jump well.
Hedgehogs are omnivorous; their diet consists of adult insects, caterpillars, slugs, and sometimes earthworms. Under natural conditions, it rarely attacks vertebrates; most often, the hedgehog's victims are torpid reptiles and amphibians. From plants it can eat berries and fruits.
A hedgehog can be a carrier of diseases such as dermatomycosis, yellow fever, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, and rabies. There are large numbers of ticks and fleas on them. In forested areas, hedgehogs collect ticks, including encephalitis, on themselves more than any other animals, since their prickly cover, like a brush, scrapes hungry ticks from the grass. The hedgehog is unable to get rid of ticks that have gotten between the needles.
Many have an unusually weak effect on hedgehogs strong poisons: arsenic, sublimate, opium and even hydrocyanic acid. They are quite resistant to viper venom. The widespread belief that hedgehogs use needles to prick food is erroneous.
Harvest mouse
More often, mice dig deep holes in which they build nests from grass. Depending on the species, mice can be active during the day or at night. They feed on roots, seeds, berries, nuts and insects. They can be carriers of pathogens of tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia, rickettsiosis, Q fever and other diseases. The meat is suitable for human consumption.
