How chemistry manifests itself in our lives. What role does chemistry play in human life and why is it needed

The development of the chemical industry brings human life to a completely new qualitative level. However, most people consider chemistry to be very complex and impractical science engaged in abstract things that are completely unnecessary in life. Let's try to dispel this myth.

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Why does humanity need chemistry

The role of chemistry in the modern world is very great. In fact, chemical processes surround us all the time, this applies not only to industrial production or domestic moments.

Chemical reactions in our own body take place every second, decomposing organic substances into simple compounds like carbon dioxide and, as a result, we get energy to perform elementary actions.

In parallel, we create new substances necessary for the life and work of all organs. Processes stop only after the death of a person and its complete destruction.

The food source for many organisms, including humans, are plants that have the ability to produce organic substances from water and carbon dioxide.

This process includes chain of complex chemical transformations, the result of which is the formation of biopolymers: fiber, starch, cellulose.

Attention! As a fundamental science, chemistry is engaged in the formation of ideas about the world, about the relationships in it, the unity of the discrete and the continuous.

Chemistry at home

Chemistry in human life is present daily, we are faced with the implementation of a whole chain of chemical transformations with:

  • using soap;
  • making tea with lemon
  • extinguishing soda;
  • lighting a match or gas burner;
  • cooking sauerkraut;
  • using powders and other detergents.

All this chemical reactions, during which others are formed from some substances, and a person receives some benefit from this process. Modern powders contain enzymes that, when high temperatures decompose, so washing in hot water is impractical. The effect of eating away spots will be minimal.

The action of soap in hard water is also significantly reduced, but flakes appear on the surface. You can soften the water by boiling, but sometimes this is only possible with the help of chemicals that are just added to the washing machine products that reduce the scale formation process.

Chemistry and the human body

The role of chemistry in human life begins from breathing and digestion.

All processes occurring in our body are carried out in a dissolved form, and water acts as a universal solvent. Its magical properties once allowed origin of life on earth and are now very important.

The basis of the chemical structure of a person is the food that he consumes. The better and more complete it is, the better the well-coordinated mechanism of life functions.

With a lack of any substance in the diet, processes are slowed down and the functioning of the organism is disturbed. Most often, we consider vitamins to be such important substances. But these are the most noticeable substances, the lack of which manifests itself quickly. The lack of other components may not be as visible.

For example, vegetarianism has negative aspects associated with the lack of food intake of some complete proteins and the amino acids contained in them. In such a situation, the body cannot synthesize some of its own proteins, which leads to various violations.

Even salt must be included in the diet, since its ions help to carry out osmotic pressure, are part of the gastric juice, help work.

With various deviations in the activity of organs and systems, a person first of all turns to a pharmacy, which acts as the main promoter of human achievements in the field of chemistry.

More than 90 percent of medicines displayed on the shelves of pharmacies are artificially synthesized, even if they are present in nature, today it is easier to create them in a factory from individual components than to grow them in natural conditions. And although many of them have a side effect, positive value from the elimination of the disease is much higher.

Attention! Cosmetology is almost entirely built on the achievements of chemists. It allows you to prolong the youth and beauty of a person, while simultaneously bringing substantial income to cosmetic companies.

Chemistry at the service of industry

Initially, the science of chemistry was driven by people who were curious, as well as greedy.

The former were interested in finding out what everything consists of and how it turns into something new, the latter wanted to learn how to create something valuable that would allow them to acquire material wealth.

One of the most valuable substances is gold, followed by others.

Exactly mining and processing of ore for the production of metals - the first directions in the development of chemistry, they are very important today. Because they allow get new alloys, use more effective ways metal cleaning and so on.

The production of ceramics and porcelain is also very ancient, it is gradually being improved, although it is difficult to surpass some of the old masters.

Oil refining today shows a huge h the meaning of chemistry, because in addition to gasoline and other types of fuel, several hundred different substances are created from this natural raw material:

  • rubbers and rubbers;
  • synthetic fabrics such as nylon, lycra, polyester;
  • car parts;
  • plastics;
  • detergents and household chemicals;
  • plumbing;
  • stationery;
  • furniture;
  • toys;
  • and even food.

The paint and varnish industry is completely based on the achievements of chemistry, all its diversity is created by scientists, synthesizing new substances. Even construction today is in full swing using new materials that have properties that are uncharacteristic natural substances. Their quality is gradually improving, proving that chemistry is necessary in human life.

Two sides of the coin

The role of chemistry in the modern world is enormous, we can no longer live without it, it gives us a lot of useful substances and phenomena, but at the same time it causes certain harm.

Harmful effects of chemicals

As a negative factor, chemistry in a person's life appears constantly. Most often we celebrate environmental impact and public health.

The abundance of materials alien to our planet leads to the fact that they contaminate soil and water without being subjected to natural decay processes.

At the same time, during decomposition or combustion, they release a large amount of toxic substances further poisoning the environment.

And yet, this question is quite resolvable with the help of the same chemistry.

A significant part of the substances can recycle, again turning into the desired goods. The problem, rather, is connected not with the shortcomings of chemistry as a science, but with the laziness of a person, and his unwillingness to spend extra effort for the processing of waste products.

The same problem is associated with industrial waste, which today is rarely processed efficiently, poisoning the environment and human health.

The second point, saying that chemistry and the human body are incompatible, is artificial food, which many manufacturers are trying to stuff us with. But here the question is not so much the achievements of chemistry as the greed of people.

Chemical advances make human life easier, and perhaps the role of chemistry in solving the food problem will be invaluable, especially when combined with the achievements of genetics. The inability to use these achievements and the desire to earn - that's the main enemies of human health rather than the chemical industry.

Application a large number preservatives in food has become a problem in some countries, where the inhabitants are so saturated with these substances that, after death, the processes of decomposition in them are greatly inhibited, as a result the dead just don't rot and lie in the ground for many years.

Household chemicals often become a source allergic reactions and poisoning organism. Mineral fertilizers and means for treating plants from pests are also dangerous for humans, and they are also harmful to nature. have a negative impact gradually destroying it.

The benefits of chemistry

In psychology, there is such a concept - which consists in removing internal stress through redistribution, to achieve a result in some available area.

In chemistry, this term is used as a designation for the process of obtaining from solid gaseous without a liquid stage. However, in this industry, you can apply the approach of psychology.

Redirecting energy towards achievements in various industries related to chemistry brings a lot benefit to society.

Speaking about why chemistry is needed in human life or industrial production, we recall many of its achievements that have made our life comfortable and longer:

  • medicines;
  • modern materials with unique properties;
  • fertilizers;
  • energy sources;
  • food sources and more.

Chemistry in human life

If chemistry didn't exist. Why Study Chemistry

Conclusion

The role of chemistry in the modern world is undeniable, it took important place in the system of human knowledge accumulated over millennia. Its active development in the 20th century is somewhat frightening and makes people think about the ultimate goal of applying their knowledge. But without knowledge, humanity is only a separate group of individuals with not the best characteristics.

Glycine was the first of twenty different amino acids isolated in the next century from natural proteins.

The French chemist Michel Eugène Chevrel (1786-1889) devoted the first half of his very long creative life the study of fats. In 1809 he treated soap (made by heating fat with alkali) with acid and isolated what we now call fatty acids. Later, he showed that, turning into soap, fats lose glycerol.

Berthelot in 1954, by heating glycerin with stearic acid (one of the most common fatty acids derived from fats), obtained a molecule consisting of the remainder of a glycerol molecule and three residues of stearic acid molecules. This tristearin, which turned out to be identical to the tristearin obtained from natural fats, was the most complex analogue synthesized up to that time. natural products. A chemist can synthesize from products inanimate nature a compound that is organic in all its properties. It is with the synthesis of analogues of natural products that the greatest achievements of organic chemistry in the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries are associated.

The role of chemistry in the modern world and its future.

In an atmosphere of "chemiphobia", one must be fully aware of the impossibility of social progress without the development of chemistry and the application of its achievements to solve the problems of energy, ecology, national defense, healthcare, industrial development, and agriculture.

Suffice it to say that 92% of the energy currently consumed by society, we receive by carrying out chemical processes. And if modern energy creates ecological problems, then it is not chemistry that is to blame, but the illiterate or unfair use of the products of its activity (chemical processes, products, materials).

It must be remembered that chemistry is not only DDT, defoliants, nitrates and dioxins. But also sugar and salt, air and validol, milk and magnesium, polyethylene and penicillin.

Everything we use, wear, live in, move about, play with is produced by controlled chemical reactions.

The occupation of a chemist is the invention of reactions that transform the substances around us into those that serve to satisfy our needs.

We need to have an effective remedy for Parkinson's disease. Chemists synthesize carbidofa, a compound that is not found in nature, but has a high therapeutic activity.

Millions of cars pollute the atmosphere. This problem is partly helped to solve the automotive catalytic converter of exhaust gases.

Now there are more than 8 million synthesized compounds. Chemistry plays a role in solving the problems of providing people with food, clothing and housing, new energy sources, in creating renewable substitutes for depleting or rare materials, in strengthening human health, in monitoring the state of the environment and protecting it.

Since all life processes are caused by chem. changes, knowledge of chemical reactions provides the necessary foundation for comprehending the essence of life. Thus, chemistry contributes to the solution of problems of universal philosophical significance.

The tragedy in Bhopal (India) clearly shows the two sides of chemistry. Thousands poisoned toxic substances used to produce food, saving millions of people from starvation every year.

"Chemistry in human life" message Grade 8 will briefly talk about the chemical processes that surround us and affect our life. Also, the message "The role of chemistry in human life" can be used to prepare an essay on a given topic.

Message "Chemistry in human life"

Why is chemistry needed in human life and in nature? Look around and you will see that our world almost entirely consists of it. The most striking example of this is oxygen, a substance without which living beings could not exist on the planet. He is involved in such important processes as:

  • Breath
  • Combustion
  • rotting

And this is only the smallest part. Chemistry covers all branches of industry and influences all processes occurring in nature.

  1. Chemistry in industry

Industries such as manufacturing depend on chemical products. building materials, engineering, Agriculture, metallurgy, electronics manufacturing, light industry, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, petrochemistry. Thanks to chemistry, medicines and food products are produced that are necessary for our life. The chemical industry has made significant progress in the production of weapons. But at the same time, industrial enterprises harm the environment, they gradually poison us, provoke the emergence of new diseases.

  1. Casual life

It is difficult to imagine everyday life and life of a person without chemistry and the benefits of chemical production. Cleaning and detergents, lipstick, a credit card, headphones, glasses, a computer, these are the things that have tightly entered our lives and which are the brainchild of chemical production (or rather, the oil refining industry). It should be noted that more than 6,000 items of products are produced from oil. The most popular and used by us are:

  • Plastic. It is present in industrial and household appliances, trains, cars, food containers, stationery.
  • Petrolatum. It is an important part of medicine, cosmetology and food industry.
  • Synthetic fabrics. Among them are pleasant and soft acrylic, elastic lycra, durable nylon, wrinkle-resistant polyester.

Oil is also used in food products, where it replaces animal protein.

  1. Chemistry and food

Did you know that drinking water this is pure chemistry, the formula of which everyone remembers from school times. Drinking a glass of water, a person consumes a real cocktail of inorganic substances: iodine, fluorine, calcium, selenium, and so on. If we talk about food, then the first thing that comes to mind is the word "monosodium glutamate" - a substance that will make almost everything tasty. It is found in chips, seasonings, sausages, sausages, milk, fish, soy products, and so on. There are a huge number of such substances, and they are not always useful.

Thus, chemistry has been our companion since the creation of the world. Man has learned to run complex chemical processes that we do not even think about. Without chemistry modern world would not exist in the form in which we see it now.

We hope that the "Chemistry in Human Life" message summarized in this article helped you prepare for the lesson. A short story about chemistry in human life, you can add through the comment form below.

Presentation on chemistry by student 8 "A" Fedotova Elizabeth on the topic: "The role of chemistry in people's lives"

Chemistry is very important in human life, because these processes surround us everywhere: from cooking to biological processes in the body. Achievements in this field of knowledge brought damage to humanity (creation of weapons mass destruction), and gave salvation from death (the development of medicines for diseases, the cultivation of artificial organs, etc.). Knowledge of this science is necessary: ​​so many contradictory discoveries have not occurred in any other field of knowledge.

Life Chemical processes: when we set fire to a match; personal hygiene when a person uses soap that foams when interacting with water; washing with the use of powders, rinses to soften linen; when a person drinks tea with lemon, the color of the drink weakens; when people make repairs and knead cement, burn bricks, quench lime with water. The most complex chemical processes take place, which in Everyday life we do not think, but not a single person would have managed without them.

Medicine By mixing substances, medicines are obtained, and when they react with the cells of the body, recovery occurs. Chemistry can play both a creative role in medicine and a destructive one, because not only medicines are created, but also poisons - toxic substances that are harmful to human health. There are such types of toxic substances: harmful; annoying; aggressive; carcinogenic.

Biological side of life Assimilation of food, breathing of man and animal is based precisely on chemical reactions. Photosynthesis, without which people cannot live, is also accompanied by chemical processes. Some scientists believe that the origin of life on our planet took place in an environment consisting of carbon dioxide, ammonia, water and methane, and the first organisms received energy for life by decomposing molecules without oxidation. These are the simplest chemical reactions that accompany the origin of life on Earth.

Production Even in ancient times, crafts were widespread, which were based on chemical processes: for example, the creation of ceramics, metal processing, the use of natural dyes. Today, the petrochemical and chemical industry is one of the most significant sectors of the economy, and chemical processes and knowledge about them play an important role in society. It depends on humanity how to use them - for constructive or destructive purposes, because among the variety of chemicals one can also find dangerous ones for humans (explosive, oxidizing, flammable, etc.). Chemistry in human life is a panacea for diseases, and weapons, and the economy, and cooking, and, of course, life itself.

Andriyanova Elizaveta, Mankova Valentina

Chemistry is wonderful world mysteries and discoveries. It is she who allows a person to extract from mineral, animal and vegetable raw materials substances, one more amazing and wonderful than the other.

Look around you and you will see that life modern man impossible without chemistry. Its role is huge.

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Municipal educational budgetary institution

Tyukalinsky municipal district Omsk region

"Tyukalinsky Lyceum"

Project theme: "Chemistry in our life"

Educational research work

Scientific direction: chemistry grade 9

Completed:

9b grade students

Andriyanova Elizaveta and

Mankova Valentina

Project Manager:

Khinevich Tatyana Vasilievna,

chemistry teacher

Tyukalinsk - 2017

I Introduction …… ……………… ……………………………… 3

1. Relevance of the topic, purpose, tasks, methods ....................... 3

II Main part………………………………………… 4-18

2. Theoretical material……………………………… 4-9

2.1 Water …………………………………………………. 4

2.2 Chlorine………………………………………………… 4-6

2.3.Baking soda…………………………………… 6-7

2.4 Acetic acid……………………………………. 7-8

2.5 Citric acid……………. …………………… 8

2.6 Iodine ……………………………………………………….8-15

2.7. Ammonia ……………………………………………………

2.8. Hydrogen peroxide ………………………………………

III Conclusion…………………………………………………19-22

5. Conclusions……………………………………………………… 19

7. Job prospects………………………………………. 21

8. Literature………………………………………………… 22

I Introduction

  1. Relevance of the topic, purpose, tasks, hypothesis, methods

Chemistry spreads its hands wide in human affairs... Wherever we look, wherever we look, the successes of its diligence turn before our eyes.

(M.V. Lomonosov)

Chemistry is a whole wonderful world, a world of mysteries and discoveries, a world of the past, present and future. It is this that allows a person to extract substances from mineral, animal and vegetable raw materials, one more wonderful and amazing than the other. She not only copies nature, imitating it, but also - every year more and more begins to surpass it. Thousands and tens of thousands of substances are born, unknown to nature. With properties very useful and important for practice, for human life.

Take a look around and you will see that the life of a modern person is impossible without chemistry. We use chemicals in production food products. We move around in cars whose metal, rubber and plastics are made using chemical processes. We use perfumes, eau de toilette, soaps and deodorants, the production of which is unthinkable without chemicals.Chemistry surrounds us at every turn. Its role is huge. Many life and natural processes associated with chemistry. At all times, chemistry has served man in his practical activities, and serves to this day. Knowledge of chemistry will certainly help to maintain health, to find a non-standard way of solving domestic problems, will give answers to many of our questions, chemistry will reveal the secrets of not only things familiar to us, but also distant stars ...

Goal of the work: Explore the chemicals that help us in our lives.

Tasks: 1. To identify the degree of information content about chemicals used in our lives among parents and students of the 9th grade of the Tyukalinsky Lyceum.

2. Analyze information about chemicals on the Internet and popular science literature.

3. Process the results and draw conclusions.

Hypothesis: Not all substances are needed in human life.

Subject of study:chemical substances

Object of study:Samples of chemicals

Research methods:

1. Collection of information on the topic

2. Analysis of information on the topic

3. Surveillance

II main part

  1. Theoretical material
  1. WATER

Water (hydrogen oxide) - binary inorganic compound With chemical formula H 2 O. At normal conditionsis transparent colorless liquid (with a small layer thickness), smell and taste. The solid state is called ice. (ice crystals can form snow or hoarfrost), and in gaseous - water vapor . Water can also exist in the formliquid crystals.

The properties of water are used by living beings. In a living cell and in the intercellular space, solutions of various substances in water interact. Water is necessary for the life of all unicellular and multicellular living beings on Earth without exception.

A living human body contains between 50% and 75% water, depending on weight and age. Loss of more than 10% of water by the human body can lead to death. Depending on temperature and humidity environment, physical activity, etc. a person needs to drink different amounts of water.

Growing enough crops in the open drylands requires a significant amount of water irrigation reaching up to 90% in some countries.

Water is a solvent for many substances. It is used to clean both the person himself and various objects of human activity. Water is used as a solvent in industry.

Among the liquids that exist in nature, water has the highest heat capacity. Its heat of vaporization is higher than the heat of vaporization of any other liquids. As coolant water is used in heating networks , for heat transfer heating mains from heat producers to consumers. Water in the form of ice is used for cooling in catering systems, in medicine. Majoritynuclear power plantsuse water as a heat transfer medium.

Many sports are practiced on water surfaces, on ice, on snow and even underwater. Thisdiving, hockey , boating sports, biathlon, short track, etc.

Water is used as a tool for loosening, splitting and even cutting rocks and materials.

Water is used aslubricant for bearing lubrication from wood, plastics, textolite, bearings with rubber linings, etc. Water is also used in emulsion lubricants.

2.2 CHLORINE

Chlorine (from the Greek. χλωρός - "green") -chemical element with atomic number 17 .Simple substance chlorine, at normal conditions- poisonous gas yellowish green colors , heavier than air, with a sharp smell and sweetish, "metallic" taste. Molecule diatomic chlorine (formula Cl 2 ).

Chlorine is used in many industries, science and domestic needs: In productionPVC, plastic compounds, synthetic rubber, from which they are made: insulation for wires, window profile,packaging materials, clothing and footwear, linoleum and gramophone records, varnishes, equipment and foam plastics , toys, instrument parts, construction materials.

Window profile made of chlorine-containing polymers

The bleaching properties of chlorine have been known since ancient times.

Production of organochlorine insecticides - substances that kill insects harmful to crops, but are safe for plants. One of the most important insecticides.

For water disinfection - chlorination ". In chemical production of hydrochloric acid , bleach, poisons, medicines, fertilizers.

2.3.BADING SODA

Sodium bicarbonate (Natrii hydrocarbonas) 3 (other names: drinking soda, baking soda , sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate) - acid salt carbonic acidand sodium. Usually a fine crystalline powder white color. It is used in the food industry, in cooking, in medicine as a neutralizer of burns of the skin and mucous membranes of a person with acids and a decrease in the acidity of gastric juice.

Applies in the chemical industry - for productiondyes, foam plastics and other organic products, fluorine reagents, household chemicals, fillers in fire extinguishers, for separating carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide from gas mixtures.

In light industry - in the production of sole rubber and artificial leather, leather production (tanning and neutralization of leather), textile industry (finishing silk and cotton fabrics).

In the food industry - baking, confectionery, beverages.

Sodium bicarbonate is part of the powder used in powder systems firefighting , utilizing heat and displacing oxygen from the combustion source with the emitted carbon dioxide.

2.4. ACETIC ACID

Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 COOH. Weak, unilateralcarboxylic acid.

Acetic acid is colorless liquid with characteristic sharp odor and sour taste. Hygroscopic, i.e. absorbs water.

Aqueous solutions of acetic acid are widely used in the food industry ( food additive E260 ) and household cooking, as well as in canning.

Acetic acid is used to obtain medicinal and aromatic substances, as solvent. It is used in printing and dyeing.

Acetic acid is used to get rid of scale.

Acetic acid is used as a reaction medium for the oxidation of various organic substances.

Since acetic acid vapor has a strong irritating odor, it can be used for medical purposes as a substituteammoniato bring the patient out of a fainting state.

Vapors of acetic acid irritate the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. The effect of acetic acid on biological tissues depends on the degree of its dilution with water. Dangerous are solutions in which the concentration of acid exceeds 30%. Concentrated acetic acid can cause chemical burns.

2.5. LEMON ACID

Lemon acid(C 6 H 8 O 7 ) White crystalline substance. Well soluble in water.

Citric acid crystals under the microscope.

It is widely used in the food industry and in household chemicals as a cleaning agent.

Citric acid is dangerous only in very large quantities, as it leads to burns of the digestive tract.

2.6. IODINE

iodine

126,9045

4d 10 5s 2 5p 5

Iodine (from other Greek ἰώδης - "violet ( violet )") .

simple substance iodine at normal conditions- black-gray crystals with purple metallic glitter , readily forms purple couples , which have a sharp smell.

Iodine is poisonous. Lethal dose - 3 g . Causes damage to the kidneys and the cardiovascular system. When iodine vapor is inhaled, headache, cough, runny nose, maybe pulmonary edema . When it comes into contact with the mucous membrane of the eyes, lacrimation, eye pain and redness appear. When ingested, general weakness, headache, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, brown coating on the tongue, pain in the heart and increased heart rate appear. A day later, blood appears in the urine. After 2 days, kidney failure appears and myocarditis . Without treatment, death occurs.

5% alcohol iodine solution is used for disinfection skin around an injury (torn, cut or other wound), but not for ingestion with iodine deficiency in the body.

In forensics, iodine vapor is used to detectfingerprinton paper surfaces such as banknotes.

Iodine is used inlight sources:

halogen lamps- as a component of the gas filler of the flask for the precipitation of evaporated tungsten filament back to it.

Iodine is used as a component of the positive electrode (oxidizing agent) in lithium-iodine accumulators for cars.

IN last years demand for iodine from manufacturers of liquid crystal displays has sharply increased.

In animals and humans, iodine is part of the so-called hormones produced bythyroid gland,that have a multilateral effect on the growth, development and metabolism of the body.

The human body (body weight 70 kg) contains 12-20 mg of iodine. The daily human need for iodine is determined by age, physiological state and body weight. For a middle-aged person of normal build, the daily dose of iodine is 0.15 mg.

Lack or deficiency of iodine in the diet (which is typical in some areas) leads to diseases (endemic goiter, cretinism, Graves' disease).

Also, with a slight lack of iodine, fatigue, headache, depressed mood, natural laziness, nervousness and irritability are noted; memory and intellect weaken. Over time, arrhythmia appears, increases arterial pressure the level of hemoglobin in the blood falls.

2.7.AMMONIA

Ammonia (nitride hydrogen) is a chemical compound with the formula NH 3 , at normal conditionsIt is a colorless gas with a pungent characteristic odour.

Liquid ammonia is a good solvent for very a large number organic, as well as for many inorganic compounds. Solid ammonia - colorless cubic crystals.

According to the physiological effect on the body, it belongs to the group of substances with an asphyxiant and neurotropic effect, which, when inhaled, can cause toxic pulmonary edema and severe damage to the nervous system.

Ammonia vapors strongly irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory organs, as well as skin. This is a person and perceives as a pungent smell. Ammonia vapors cause profuse lacrimation, pain in the eyes, chemical burns of the conjunctiva and cornea, loss of vision, coughing fits, redness and itching of the skin. When liquefied ammonia and its solutions come into contact with the skin, a burning sensation occurs, a chemical burn with blisters and ulcerations is possible.

Mainly used for the production of nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate and sulfate, urea ), explosives and polymers , nitric acid, soda (ammonia method) and other products of the chemical industry. Liquid ammonia is used as solvent.

IN refrigerationused asrefrigerant(R717)

In medicine 10% ammonia solution, more commonly calledammonia, is used for fainting (to excite breathing), to stimulate vomiting, as well as externally - neuralgia, myositis, insect bites, to treat the surgeon's hands.

The physiological effect of ammonia is due to the pungent smell of ammonia, which irritates specific receptors of the nasal mucosa and excites the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the brain, causing increased breathing and increased blood pressure.3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Due to its strong oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide has found wide application in everyday life and in industry, where it is used, for example, as bleach in the textile and paper industries.

Used as rocket fuel, as an oxidizing agent. Used inanalytical chemistry, as a foaming agent in the production of porous materials, in the productiondisinfectantsand bleaching agents.

Although dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide are used for small superficial wounds. While providing an antiseptic effect and cleansing, it also prolongs the healing time. While having good cleansing properties, hydrogen peroxide does not actually speed up wound healing. Sufficiently high concentrations to provide an antiseptic effect may also prolong the healing time due to damage to the cells adjacent to the wound. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide can interfere with healing and promote scarring due to the destruction of newly formed skin cells. Without preliminary treatment with hydrogen peroxide, the antiseptic solution will not be able to remove these pathological formations, which will lead to a significant increase in the time of wound healing and worsen the patient's condition.

Hydrogen peroxide is also used for bleaching hair and teeth whitening , however, the effect in both cases is based on oxidation, and consequently - the destruction of tissues. INFood IndustryHydrogen peroxide solutions are used to disinfect technological surfaces of equipment that are in direct contact with products. In addition, at enterprises for the production of dairy products and juices, hydrogen peroxide solutions are used to disinfect packaging (technology " Tetra Pak "). For technical purposes, hydrogen peroxide is used in the production of electronic equipment.

In everyday life, it is also used to remove MnO stains. 2 , formed during the interaction of potassium permanganate ("potassium permanganate") with objects (due to its reducing properties).

A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is used in the aquarium trade to revive suffocated fish, as well as to clean aquariums and control unwanted flora and fauna in the aquarium.

III Conclusion

5. Conclusions

  1. There are a lot of chemicals in our life that we need.
  2. In order to use chemicals in everyday life, you need to know about them: how they are used, what properties they have, what safety rules must be observed.
  1. Save water, use only the amount you need.
  2. Read the instructions carefully before using any chemical.
  3. Do not use expired chemicals.

7. Job prospects

Analyze other chemicals found in our lives.

8. Literature

  1. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
  2. Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Young Chemist Kritzman V.A., Stanzo V.V., M, Enlightenment, 1990.
  3. I know the world: Children's encyclopedia. Plants. M. AST, 1996.
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