What kind of poison quickly kills a person. Varieties of poisons: inorganic, systemic and natural
Residents of city apartments and gardeners always deal with insecticides - thiophos, karbofos, chlorophos, metaphos, whose brand names can be very bizarre and even poetic. Their essence, however, does not change - they all belong to organophosphorus compounds, being direct relatives of nerve gases. And they also act by selectively disrupting the work of the cholinesterase enzyme and, thus, "paralyzing" the nervous system.
According to the degree of toxicity, these insect control agents do not look very "modest" - thiophos has a lethal dose when taken orally 1-2 g, and according to some reports, only 0.24 g (less than 10 drops). Metaphos is about five times less toxic (though not only for humans, but also for insects). Among household poisons, both of them are included in the "leading" group in terms of toxicity.
The most dangerous poisoning is for children, who often hang around bottles of organophosphorus insecticides and can use them on their own at any time. Few adults follow the instructions placed on the bottles: "Keep out of the reach of children!". In addition, in the struggle for the consumer, firms rarely objectively talk about the toxicity of the products they produce, so that adults have a very vague idea about it. Phosphorus organic insecticides are absorbed rapidly - already in the nasal cavity and pharynx.
Poisons penetrate through the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes. All this makes it difficult to provide assistance in case of acute poisoning, especially for a child who cannot really even explain what happened.
But even the correct, according to the instructions, the use of "home" insecticides can lead to many troubles. So, companies guarantee that 1-3 hours after airing a room sprayed with insecticides, you can enter it without any health consequences. Recent studies have debunked this misconception. It turned out that even after two or three weeks, insecticides remain in tangible amounts on the surface of the sprayed objects. At the same time, their highest concentration was determined on toys (!) - both soft and plastic, which absorbed poisons like a sponge. The most striking thing is that when completely clean toys were introduced into the sprayed room, after two weeks they were completely saturated with insecticide to a level 20 times higher than the permissible one.
No less serious is the problem of exposure to pesticides on children in the womb. Even negligible concentrations of these poisons lead to serious violations of the physical and mental development of children. Children exposed to their attack in utero have a weakened memory, poorly recognize objects, and learn various skills more slowly. Both in children and adults, DDT and its related compounds disrupt the exchange of sex hormones, which adversely affect the formation of sexual characteristics in adolescents and sexual function in adults.
ACID
Acid poisoning (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, zinc chloride solution in hydrochloric acid (soldering liquid), a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids ("aqua regia"), etc.) occurs when they are mistakenly ingested, usually in a state of alcohol or drugs intoxication. All acids have a cauterizing effect. Sulfuric acid has the most destructive effect on tissues. Burns are found everywhere where acid has come into contact with tissues - on the lips, face, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach. Very concentrated acids can cause destruction of the walls of the stomach. When exposed to the outer skin, acids cause severe burns, which (especially in the case of nitric acid) turn into hard-to-heal ulcers. Depending on the type of acid, burns (both internal and external) differ in color. When burned with sulfuric acid - blackish, hydrochloric acid - grayish-yellow, nitric acid - a characteristic yellow color.
Victims complain of excruciating pains, they do not stop vomiting with blood, breathing is difficult, swelling of the larynx develops, suffocation. With severe burns, a painful shock occurs, which can cause death in the first hours (up to a day) after poisoning. In later periods, death can occur from severe complications - severe internal bleeding, destruction of the walls of the esophagus and stomach, acute pancreatitis.
First aid is the same as for poisoning with acetic acid.
DYES
The list of dyes and pigments used in everyday life and industry is updated every year. What they are not used for - they are part of paints, used for tinting food products and drugs, in medicine and printing, for the manufacture of inks and coloring pastes.
They contain almost the entire Periodic Table and are very dangerous if ingested in the form of dust or aerosol. Contacting with open parts of the body and eyes, dyes cause severe dermatoses and conjunctivitis. The latter also occur in contact with painted objects. Dyes often contain very toxic compounds used in their synthesis: mercury, arsenic, etc. Many dyes are extremely insidious, causing cancer.
To prevent poisoning during painting work, it is necessary to use gloves, goggles, if possible sealed overalls, do not eat or drink, after painting, wash your hands thoroughly, wash clothes. If the ink comes into contact with the skin, it must be removed immediately using suitable solvents (eg kerosene) or soapy water.
COPPER AND ITS SALT
Copper salts are widely used in the paint and varnish industry, in agriculture and everyday life to combat fungal diseases. In acute poisoning with them, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain immediately occur, jaundice and anemia develop, symptoms of acute liver and kidney failure are pronounced, hemorrhages are observed in the stomach and intestines. The lethal dose is 1-2 g, but acute poisoning also occurs at doses of 0.2-0.5 g (depending on the type of salt). Acute poisoning also occurs when copper dust or copper oxide enters the body, which are obtained by grinding, welding and cutting products made of copper or copper-containing alloys. The first signs of poisoning are irritation of the mucous membranes, a sweet taste in the mouth. A few hours later, as soon as the copper "dissolves" and absorbs into the tissues, a headache, weakness in the legs, redness of the conjunctiva of the eyes, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, severe chills with an increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees appear. Poisoning is also possible when the dust of copper salts enters the body during crushing and pouring them in order to prepare plant protection products (for example, Bordeaux mixture) or "stain" for building materials. When dry grain is treated with copper carbonate, after a few hours the temperature can rise to 39 degrees and above, the victim is shivering, sweat is pouring from him, he feels weak, aching pain in the muscles, he is tormented by a cough with green sputum (the color of copper salts), which lasts a long time. persists even after the cessation of the fever. Another scenario of poisoning is also possible, when the victim gets a little chilly in the evenings, and after some time an acute attack develops - the so-called copper pickle fever, which lasts 3-4 days.
In chronic poisoning with copper and its salts, the work of the nervous system, kidneys and liver is disrupted, the nasal septum is destroyed, teeth are affected, severe dermatitis, gastritis and peptic ulcer occur. Every year of work with copper reduces life expectancy by almost 4 months. The skin of the face, hair and conjunctiva of the eyes at the same time are painted in a greenish-yellow or greenish-black color, a dark red or purple-red border appears on the gums. Copper dust causes destruction of the cornea of the eye.
Urgent Care. Same as with mercury poisoning.
DETERGENTS (WASHING POWDERS, SOAPS)
The incredible variety of detergents and soaps used in everyday life makes it impossible to create any general picture of their poisoning. Their toxic effect also depends on the way they enter the body - through the respiratory system in the form of dust when pouring or aerosol when dissolved, through the mouth when accidentally ingested (this is typical for small children left near soaked linen), in contact with the skin during washing, with poorly rinsed clothes.
In case of contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, conjunctivitis occurs, clouding of the cornea and inflammation of the iris are possible (see Alkalis). Inhalation may cause respiratory complications, including burns and pneumonia. In case of ingestion, work is disrupted digestive system, vomiting occurs, which is dangerous because the foam formed during it can enter the respiratory tract. In severe cases, the nervous system is affected, blood pressure decreases, oxygen deficiency occurs. Constant contact with detergents leads to the development of allergic dermatoses, in particular, urticaria. An additional danger is counterfeit detergents, which may contain the most unexpected toxic substances, so you should avoid buying uncertified products with dubious origin. Thus, bleach is added to some "home-made products", which, when in contact with water, begins to exude poisonous chlorine (see Chlorine).
Urgent Care. If detergents come into contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, they should be rinsed with a strong stream of water. In case of ingestion, rinse the stomach with water, whole milk or an aqueous suspension of milk and egg whites. The victim is given plenty of fluids, mucous substances (starch, jelly). In severe cases, you need to see a doctor.
MERCURY AND ITS SALT
People's attitude to mercury at all times was almost mystical - it was known to the ancient Romans and Greeks, and alchemists also preferred it. Already in those days, it was well known about its toxicity.
Mercury poisoning in our time is possible both with "entertainment" with mercury balls that fell out of a broken thermometer, and with poisoning with mercury-containing substances widely used in medicine, photography, pyrotechnics, and agriculture. The high danger of mercury itself is associated with its ability to evaporate (in laboratories and in production, it is stored in specially equipped rooms under a layer of water).
The toxicity of mercury vapor is unusually high - poisoning can occur even at a concentration of just a fraction of a milligram per cubic meter. meter of air, with possible fatal outcomes. Soluble mercury salts are even more poisonous, the lethal dose of which is only 0.2-0.5 g. In chronic poisoning, there is increased fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, indifference to the environment, headaches, dizziness, emotional excitability - the so-called "mercury neurasthenia" . All this is accompanied by trembling ("mercury trembling"), covering the hands, eyelids and tongue, in severe cases - first the legs, and then the whole body. The poisoned person becomes shy, timid, timid, depressed, extremely irritable, whiny, his memory weakens. All this is the result of damage to the central nervous system. There are pains in the limbs, various neuralgia, sometimes paresis of the ulnar nerve. Damage to other organs and systems gradually joins, chronic diseases become aggravated, resistance to infections decreases (mortality from tuberculosis is very high among people in contact with mercury).
Diagnosis of mercury poisoning is very difficult. They hide under the guise of diseases of the respiratory or nervous system. In almost all cases, however, there is a small and frequent trembling of the fingers of the outstretched hands, and many have trembling of the eyelids and tongue. The thyroid gland is usually enlarged, the gums bleed, sweating is pronounced. In women, menstrual irregularities are observed, and with prolonged work, the frequency of miscarriages and premature births progressively increases. One of the important diagnostic criteria are significant changes in the blood formula.
Urgent Care. In the absence of special drugs that bind mercury (for example, unitiol), it is necessary to wash the stomach with water with 20-30 g of activated carbon or other enterosorbent, protein water is also effective. Then you need to give milk, egg white whipped with water, laxatives.
Further treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician, especially since in cases of acute poisoning intensive therapy is required. The victims are shown a milk diet and taking vitamins (including B1 and C).
Prussic acid (CYANIDES)
Hydrocyanic acid and its salts, cyanides, are among the most toxic substances and cause severe poisoning both when taken orally and when inhaled. Hydrocyanic acid vapors have the smell of bitter almonds. Hydrocyanic acid and cyanides are widely used in the production of synthetic fibers, polymers, plexiglass, in medicine, for disinfection, rodent control, fumigation fruit trees. In addition, hydrocyanic acid is a chemical warfare agent. But it can also be poisoned in completely harmless situations - as a result of eating the grains of some fruits, the seeds of which contain glycosides that release hydrocyanic acid in the stomach. So, 5-25 of these bones can contain a dose of cyanide that is fatal to small child. It is believed that a lethal dose of the cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin, which is only 1 g, is contained in 40 g of bitter almonds or 100 g of peeled apricot pits. The stones of plums and cherries are dangerous.
There are frequent cases when, when consuming plum and other compotes with seeds not removed from the fruit, severe and sometimes fatal poisoning is observed.
Hydrocyanic acid and its salts are poisons that disrupt tissue respiration. A manifestation of a sharp decrease in the ability of tissues to consume the oxygen delivered to them is the scarlet color of the blood in the veins. As a result of oxygen starvation, the brain and central nervous system are primarily affected.
Poisoning with cyanide compounds is manifested in increased breathing, lowering blood pressure, convulsions and coma. When taking large doses, consciousness is immediately lost, convulsions occur and death occurs within a few minutes. This is the so-called lightning-fast form of poisoning. With a smaller amount of poison, gradual intoxication develops.
Emergency care and treatment. In case of poisoning, the victim should immediately be allowed to breathe in vapors of amyl nitrite (several minutes). When taking cyanides inside, it is necessary to wash the stomach with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or a 5% solution of thiosulfate, give a saline laxative. Intravenously introduce sequentially a 1% solution of methylene blue and a 30% solution of sodium thiosulfate. In another option, intravenously inject sodium nitrite (all operations are carried out under strict medical supervision and with monitoring of blood pressure). Additionally, glucose with ascorbic acid, cardiovascular drugs, B vitamins are administered. The use of pure oxygen gives a good effect.
TEAR SUBSTANCES (LACHRIMATORS)
During the First World War, about 600 tons of lachrymators were used. Now they are used to disperse demonstrations, to hold special operations. In addition, lachrymators (from the Greek "lacrime" - a tear) are the main type of substances pumped into cans for self-defense. The effect of these substances on the body is to irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and nasopharynx, which leads to profuse lacrimation, spasm of the eyelids, and profuse discharge from the nose. These effects appear almost instantly - within a few seconds. Lachrymators irritate the nerve endings located in the conjunctiva and cornea of the eyes, and they cause a protective reaction: the desire to wash away the irritant with tears and the closing of the eyelids, which can turn into a spasm. If the eyes are closed, then the tears are removed through the nose, mixing with the secretions from the nose itself. The destruction of the mucous membranes under the action of low concentrations of tear gases does not occur, therefore, after the termination of their action, all functions are restored. However, prolonged use of lachrymators can lead to the development of photophobia, which lasts for several days.
The sequence of appearance of signs of damage depends on the type of lacrimator, its dose and method of application. First, there is a slight irritation of the mucous membranes, weak lacrimation, then severe lacrimation with copious discharge from the nose, pain in the eyes, spasm of the eyelids, and with prolonged poisoning - temporary blindness (when using lachrymators of blistering action, partial or complete loss of vision is possible). A direct hit of a strong jet of some types of lachrymators directly into the eyes is quite dangerous - the principle of the damaging effect of gas cartridges is based on this. The best known lachrymators are cyanogen chloride, used as a chemical warfare agent in the First World War (since 1916), chloroacetophenone, widely used by the Americans in Vietnam and the Portuguese in Angola, bromobenzyl cyanide, and chloropicrin. In addition to tearing, these substances also have a general poisonous (cyanogen chloride), suffocating (all lachrymators), skin-abscess (chloroacetophenone) action.
Symptoms of the lesion quickly disappear when the action of lacrimators ceases. It alleviates the condition of washing the eyes with boric acid or albucide, and the nasopharynx with a weak (2%) solution of baking soda. In severe cases, strong analgesics are used - promedol, morphine, a 1% solution of ethylmorphine is instilled into the eyes. Measures must be taken to remove drops of low-volatile tear substances from the surface of the body and clothing into which they are intensively absorbed, otherwise poisoning may recur.
CARBON MONOXIDE (CARBON OXIDE)
One of the most common sources of poisoning in everyday life. It is formed during improper use of gas, malfunction of chimneys or inept heating of stoves, as well as in the process of heating the interior of cars in winter time as a product of incomplete combustion of carbon and its compounds. Car exhaust gases can contain up to 13% carbon monoxide. In addition, it is formed by smoking, by burning household waste, its concentration is high near chemical and metallurgical industries.
The essence of poisoning lies in the fact that carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in the blood coloring matter hemoglobin and, thus, disrupts the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen to body tissues, resulting in their oxygen starvation. The picture of poisoning depends on the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. When inhaling small amounts of it, one feels heaviness and pressure in the head, severe pain in the forehead and temples, tinnitus, fog in the eyes, dizziness, redness and burning of the skin of the face, trembling, a feeling of weakness and fear, coordination of movements worsens, nausea and vomiting appear. . Further poisoning, while maintaining consciousness, leads to numbness of the victim, he weakens, is indifferent to his own fate, which is why he cannot leave the infection zone. Then confusion increases, intoxication intensifies, the temperature rises to 38-40 degrees. In case of severe poisoning, when the content of hemoglobin associated with carbon monoxide in the blood reaches 50-60%, consciousness is lost, the functioning of the nervous system is seriously impaired: hallucinations, delirium, convulsions, paralysis develop. The feeling of pain is lost early - poisoned with carbon monoxide, not yet losing consciousness, they do not notice the burns received.
Memory is weakened, sometimes to such an extent that the victim ceases to recognize loved ones, the circumstances that caused the poisoning are completely erased from his memory. Breathing is upset - shortness of breath appears, which can last for hours and even days and end in death from respiratory arrest. Death from asphyxiation in acute carbon monoxide poisoning can occur almost instantly.
In severe cases, after recovery, the "memory" of the poisoning "remains" and can manifest itself in the form of fainting and psychosis, decreased intelligence, and odd behavior. Possible paralysis of the cranial nerves, paresis of the extremities. For a very long time there are violations of the function of the intestines, bladder. The organs of vision are severely affected. Even a single poisoning reduces the accuracy of visual perception of space, color and night vision, and its sharpness. Even after mild poisoning, myocardial infarction, gangrene of the extremities and other deadly complications can develop.
With prolonged chronic carbon monoxide poisoning, a whole "bouquet" of symptoms develops, indicating damage to both the nervous system and other organs and systems of the body. Memory and attention decrease, fatigue, irritability increase, obsessive fear, melancholy appear, unpleasant sensations arise in the heart area, shortness of breath. The skin becomes bright red, coordination of movements is disturbed, fingers tremble. After a year and a half of "close contact" with carbon monoxide, persistent disorders of cardiovascular activity occur, heart attacks are frequent. The endocrine system suffers. For men, sexual disorders are typical, in some cases there is severe pain in the testicles, spermatozoa are inactive, which, ultimately, may result in infertility. In women, sexual desire decreases, the menstrual cycle is disturbed, premature births, abortions are possible. Even after single carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy, the fetus may die, although the woman herself can endure it without visible consequences. In case of poisoning in the first three months of pregnancy, fetal deformities or the development of cerebral palsy in the future are possible.
Urgent Care. The victim must immediately be taken out in a supine position (even if he can move himself) to fresh air, free from clothing that restricts breathing (unbutton the collar, belt), give the body a comfortable position, provide him with peace and warmth (for this you can use heating pads, mustard plasters to legs). When using heating pads, care must be taken, as the victim may not feel the burn. In mild cases of poisoning, give coffee, strong tea. Remove nausea and vomiting with a 0.5% solution of novocaine (inside with teaspoons). Subcutaneously introduce camphor, caffeine, cordiamine, glucose, ascorbic acid. In case of severe poisoning, oxygen should be applied as soon as possible; in this case, intensive care in a hospital is necessary.
ACETIC ACID (VINEGAR)
Most often, burns and poisoning are caused by vinegar essence used in everyday life - an 80% solution of acetic acid. However, they can also be obtained from 30% acid. Both its 2% solution and vapors are dangerous for the eyes.
Immediately after taking vinegar essence, there is a sharp pain in the mouth, pharynx and along the digestive tract, depending on the extent of the burn. The pain intensifies when swallowing, passing food and lasts more than a week. A stomach burn, in addition to a sharp pain in the epigastric region, is accompanied by excruciating vomiting with an admixture of blood. If the essence enters the larynx, except pain, hoarseness of voice appears, with massive edema - difficult, wheezing breathing, the skin turns blue, suffocation is possible. When taking 15-30 ml, a mild form of poisoning occurs, 30-70 ml - medium, and at 70 ml and above - severe, in which deaths are frequent. Death can occur on the first or second day after poisoning due to burn shock, hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) and other intoxication phenomena (40% of cases). On the third or fifth day after poisoning, the cause of death is most often pneumonia (45% of cases), and in longer periods (6-11 days) - bleeding from the digestive tract (up to 2% of cases). In acute poisoning, the causes of death are acute renal and hepatic failure (12% of cases).
First aid. In case of contact with eyes - immediate, prolonged (15-20 minutes) and abundant (stream) washing with tap water, then instillation of 1-2 drops of a 2% solution of novocaine. Subsequently, instillation of antibiotics (for example, a 0.25% solution of chloramphenicol).
Irritation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract can be eliminated by rinsing the nose and throat with water, inhalation with a 2% soda solution. A warm drink is recommended (milk with soda or Borjomi). In case of contact with skin, rinse immediately with plenty of water. You can use soap or a weak solution (0.5-1%) of alkali. Treat the burn site with disinfectant solutions, for example, furacilin.
In case of poisoning by mouth - immediate gastric lavage cold water(12-15 l) using a thick probe lubricated with vegetable oil. You can add milk or egg white to the water. Soda and laxatives should not be used. If gastric lavage fails, then the victim should be given 3-5 glasses of water to drink and induce vomiting artificially (by inserting a finger into the mouth). This procedure is repeated 3-4 times.
Emetics are contraindicated. Inside give beaten egg whites, starch, mucous decoctions, milk. It is recommended to swallow pieces of ice, an ice pack is placed on the stomach. To eliminate pain and prevent shock, strong analgesics (promedol, morphine) are administered. In a hospital setting, intensive care and symptomatic treatment.
ALKALI
Poisoning with caustic alkalis (caustic soda, caustic potash, caustic soda), as well as ammonia (ammonia) occurs both with erroneous ingestion and with improper use. For example, ammonia is sometimes used to eliminate alcohol intoxication (which is completely wrong), resulting in severe poisoning. Even more often, poisoning with soda solutions is observed. When ordinary baking soda is dissolved in boiling water, it begins to bubble due to the release of carbon dioxide. The reaction of the solution becomes strongly alkaline, and rinsing the mouth or swallowing such a concentrated solution can lead to severe poisoning. In this case, children often suffer, often swallowing soda solutions. Poisoning often occurs when the dosages and time of taking alkaline drugs for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastritis associated with increased acidity of gastric juice are not observed.
All caustic alkalis have a very powerful cauterizing effect, and ammonia is a particularly sharp irritating effect. They are deeper than acids (see Acids), penetrate the tissues, forming loose necrotic ulcers covered with whitish or gray scabs. As a result of their ingestion, there is a strong thirst, salivation, bloody vomiting. A strong pain shock develops, from which already in the first hours death may occur as a result of a burn and swelling of the pharynx, asphyxiation may develop.? After poisoning, a lot of side effects develop, almost all organs and tissues suffer, massive internal bleeding occurs, the integrity of the wall of the esophagus and stomach is violated, which leads to peritonitis and can be fatal. In case of poisoning with ammonia, due to a sharp excitation of the central nervous system, the respiratory center is depressed, pulmonary and cerebral edema develops. Deaths are very common. With the combined use of alcohol and ammonia, supposedly intended for sobering up, the toxic effects of both poisons are summed up and the picture of poisoning becomes even more severe.
First aid is the same as for acid poisoning, with the exception of the composition of the gastric lavage liquid: in order to neutralize alkalis and ammonia, a 2% solution of citric or acetic acid is used. You can use water or whole milk. If it is impossible to wash the stomach through a tube, then it is necessary to drink weak solutions of citric or acetic acid.
A serious problem is superficial burns caused by alkalis (which happens much more often than poisoning after ingestion). In this case, there are long non-healing ulcers. With constant work with alkalis, the skin softens, the stratum corneum of the skin of the hands is gradually removed (this condition is called "washerwomen's hands"), eczema occurs, the nails become dull and exfoliate from the nail bed. It is dangerous to get even the smallest droplets of alkaline solutions into the eyes - not only the cornea is affected, but also the deep parts of the eye. The outcome is usually tragic - blindness, and vision is practically not restored. This must be taken into account when inhaling soda solutions, especially concentrated and hot ones.
In case of contact with the skin - washing the affected area with a stream of water for 10 minutes, then lotion from a 5% solution of acetic, hydrochloric or citric acid. In case of contact with eyes, rinse thoroughly with water for 10-30 minutes. Washing should be repeated in the future, for which you can use very weak acidic solutions. If ammonia gets into the eyes after washing, they are instilled with a 1% solution of boric acid or a 30% solution of albucid.
CHLORINE
With this extremely dangerous gas, fate confronts a person more often than we would like. One of the most common reagents in the chemical industry, it enters our lives in the form of chlorinated water, bleach and detergents, disinfectants, such as bleach ("bleach"). If acid accidentally enters the latter, a rapid release of chlorine begins in quantities sufficient for severe poisoning.
High concentrations of chlorine can lead to instant death due to paralysis of the respiratory center. The victim begins to quickly suffocate, his face turns blue, he rushes about, makes an attempt to escape, but immediately falls, loses consciousness, his pulse gradually disappears. In case of poisoning with slightly smaller amounts, breathing resumes after a short stop, but becomes convulsive, the pauses between respiratory movements are longer and longer, until after a few minutes the victim dies from respiratory arrest due to a severe burn of the lungs.
In everyday life, there are poisonings with very low concentrations of chlorine or chronic poisoning due to constant contact with active chlorine-releasing substances. A mild form of poisoning is characterized by redness of the conjunctiva and oral cavity, bronchitis, sometimes slight emphysema, shortness of breath, hoarseness, and often vomiting. Pulmonary edema rarely develops.
Chlorine can stimulate the development of tuberculosis. With chronic contact, the respiratory organs are primarily affected, the gums become inflamed, the teeth and nasal septum are destroyed, and gastrointestinal disorders occur.
Urgent Care. First of all, you need clean air, peace, warmth. Immediate hospitalization for severe and moderate forms of poisoning. In case of irritation of the upper respiratory tract, inhalation of a sprayed 2% solution of sodium thiosulfate, solutions of soda or borax. Eyes, nose and mouth should be washed with a 2% soda solution. Plentiful drink is recommended - milk with Borjomi or soda, coffee. With persistent painful cough inside or intravenously, codeine, mustard plasters. With narrowing of the glottis, warm alkaline inhalations, warming of the neck area, subcutaneous 0.1% atropine solution are necessary.
Some animals have the amazing ability to kill with toxic chemicals or poison. This method is considered one of the most cowardly, insidious and effective. In this article, you will discover 11 poisonous animals in the world that can easily kill an adult human.
There are "passively" venomous animals (which transfer their venom when eaten or attacked by other animals) and "actively" venomous animals (which inject venom into their prey using stingers, fangs, or other devices.
Most Venomous Amphibian: Dread Leaf Climber
Lives only in rain tropical forests western Colombia. The poison of one frog can kill 10 to 20 people. (Only one kind of snake Liophis epinephelus, is resistant to the venom of the dread leaf climber, however, if exposed to a sufficiently large amount of the toxin, the reptile may die).
Interestingly, the terrible leafcreeper produces poison from its diet of native ants and beetles; individuals kept in captivity and feeding on fruit flies and other common insects are completely harmless.
Most Venomous Spider: Brazilian Wandering Spider
If you suffer from arachnophobia (fear of spiders), there is good and bad news for you about Brazilian wandering spiders. The good news is that these spiders live in the tropics. South America, and not always during a bite they inject a full dose of poison, and also rarely attack people; more the best news that an effective antidote (if given quickly) avoids death. The bad news is that spider venom contains powerful neurotoxins that slowly paralyze and suffocate their victims, even in microscopic doses.
Men bitten by Brazilian wandering spiders often experience painful erections.
Most Venomous Snake: McCoy's Taipan
The venom of this Australian snake is the most powerful among land snakes. Toxic substances contained in one individual can kill hundreds of adults. (Its venom consists of neurotoxins, hemotoxins, mycotoxins, and nephrotoxins. This means it can dissolve your blood, brain, muscles, and kidneys before you hit the ground.) Luckily, this poisonous snake rarely comes into contact with humans, and even when she does (if you know how to interact with her), she becomes quite meek and easily tamed.
Most Poisonous Fish: Warthog
This fish lives in shallow waters in the South Pacific. It looks ominous, like a stone or a piece of coral (disguise is meant to protect against predators) and if stepped on, the wart injects a powerful dose of toxins into the human foot.
The Australian authorities are actively replenishing stocks of antidotes, so there is a high probability of saving lives (provided that the antidote is administered in a timely manner).
Most Poisonous Insect: Maricopa Ant
Ants Maricopa ( Pogonomyrmex maricopa) enough dangerous insects. About 300 bites from these ants can cause death in an adult. Their venom is much stronger than that of hornets and honey bees. One bite of such an ant causes acute pain that lasts about 4 hours.
Fortunately, it is nearly impossible to accidentally step on a Maricopa ant colony and receive hundreds of stings; these insects are known to build nests with a diameter of about 9 m and a height of up to 2 m!
Most poisonous jellyfish: Sea wasp
Box jellyfish (jellyfish, characterized by a rectangular bell shape) are by far the most dangerous invertebrates in the world, and the sea wasp ( Chironex fleckeri) is considered the most poisonous kind jellyfish on the planet. tentacles sea wasp covered with nematocytes - stinging cells that, on contact, cause burns.
Most people who come into contact with the tentacles of a sea wasp experience excruciating pain, but a close encounter with a member of this species can kill you in five minutes.
Most venomous mammal: Platypus
Of course, the poison of a platypus will not cause the death of a person, but it will bring severe pain and swelling. Its venom can kill small animals. On the hind limbs of males there are spurs (about 15 mm long) that contain poison. Most often, males use these spurs to fight each other during the breeding season.
Other poisonous mammals are: 3 species from the shrew family and the Cuban flint tooth ( Solenodon cubanus).
Most Poisonous Clam: Marble Cone
If you have never had to use the phrase "predatory sea snail", then you obviously do not know enough marine animals that can kill you with a single bite. This mollusk is able to paralyze its prey (including other snails of the genus Conus) with a toxic poison that can easily kill a careless person.
Unfortunately, no one has ever calculated how much poison can harm an adult.
Most poisonous bird: Bicolor thrush flycatcher
The two-colored thrush flycatcher from New Guinea contains a powerful poison called batrachotoxin. It is found in the skin and feathers of birds, and can cause mild numbness and tingling in humans, but is much more dangerous for small animals. (Apparently, thrush flycatchers synthesize poison from beetles that are part of their diet (these beetles are also included in the diet of poison dart frogs).
Another well-known poisonous bird is the common quail, whose meat (if the bird has consumed a plant of a certain species) can lead to a non-fatal disease for humans called "cothurnism".
Most poisonous octopus: Blue-ringed octopus
Blue-ringed octopuses live in the Indian and Pacific oceans and are quite modest in size (the largest individuals rarely exceed 20 cm). Their bite is virtually painless, but the venom causes paralysis and can kill an adult human in just a few minutes.
Currently, there is no antidote for the bite of the blue-ringed octopus.
Most poisonous turtle: Bissa
Unlike some of the other animals on this list, the hawksbill turtle is not miniature: adults weigh around 80kg, about the same as the average human. These turtles are distributed throughout the world, and individuals from Southeast Asia that eat toxic algae have poisonous meat that can cause poisoning in humans (poisoning symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other intestinal ailments).
These turtles are endangered and protected by law.
Poison is a toxin that can cause severe poisoning or even death. The impact on a person depends on the amount of poison, as well as its type. It can enter the body through the mouth, respiratory organs and skin. Symptoms of poisoning may appear immediately after contact or several hours later. It is necessary to provide first aid immediately after the onset of signs of intoxication.
Classification
The following types of poisons are distinguished:
- Poisons of local action, which include substances that act only with direct contact. These are mercury, arsenic, alkalis and acids.
- Poisons of systemic action. After entering the body, they are sent with blood to all organs. This potassium cyanide, strychnine, sleeping pills.
- Chemical poisons, which are classified as acids, alkalis, salts, gases. These are various organic and inorganic compounds.
Poisons are also household, that is, they are found in the immediate environment of a person. These are paints, herbicides, insecticides, rat poisons and other substances. Therefore, when using such means, care must be taken - wear a mask on your face and rubber gloves on your hands.
The most dangerous poisons
There is a list of the most dangerous poisons in the world. Moreover, their danger lies in various reasons:
- Methyl alcohol. Such a substance after entering the human body causes intoxication. And if you drink it in in large numbers, irreversible blindness or even death is possible. Therefore, at the first symptoms of poisoning, the patient must be assisted and taken to the hospital. The danger of such a poison is that it appearance, taste and smell are completely identical with ethyl alcohol, so they can be easily confused.
- Mercury. It is contained in mercury thermometers. And if you break 2 thermometers in a room, then all the people in it will receive serious poisoning. The same substance is found in fluorescent lamps. Therefore, care must be taken when handling such items.
Mercury vapor is dangerous, and it begins to evaporate at room temperature. Therefore, if you break a thermometer or a lamp on the street in winter, it is not scary - mercury balls can be collected and thrown away.
- Snake poison. Approximately 250 species of snakes are venomous. However, the antidote for each variety of reptile should be separate. This is the danger - after the poison enters the bloodstream, the antidote must be administered as soon as possible, otherwise after 20 minutes - 4 hours (depending on the type of snake) a fatal outcome will occur.
- Potassium cyanide is the fastest acting poison in the world. Moreover, they can be poisoned both by touching, and by inhalation, or by ingestion through the mouth. Under its influence, iron binds in the blood cells, as a result of which the supply of oxygen to vital organs stops. Death comes within minutes. The substance has an odor of bitter almonds. It is neutralized by glucose, therefore it is ineffective in a sweet environment.
Available Poisons
Amanitas can also be edible if cooked properly. They must be boiled during the day, draining the water as often as possible. But it’s better not to take risks and eat mushrooms, russula, boletus and other edible mushrooms.
Potatoes can also contain dangerous poisons for the human body. If potatoes are stored incorrectly (when sunlight hits the root crop), solanine is formed in it. This substance causes severe intoxication in humans. It is not difficult to identify low-quality potatoes - as a rule, their peel acquires a greenish tint.
At home, you can also easily poison yourself with chemical fertilizers. For example, potassium chloride is very dangerous, because once it enters the bloodstream, the substance blocks the activity of the heart. Death occurs in just a few minutes.
Deadly poisons in nature
Scientists have compiled a list of poisons, after entering the body of which there is a high probability of death:
- A neurotoxin found in the venom of some snakes. Immediately after the bite, the victim becomes inactive and drowsy. But after a while, muscle cramps appear, breathing quickens. Death occurs within 20-30 minutes due to respiratory paralysis. Moreover, hematomas or tumors do not appear at the site of the bite. However, such a snake bites very rarely. It is immediately necessary to introduce the antidote Anticobra to the patient. If serious respiratory problems are observed, ventilation is performed.
- Alpha-latrotoxin, which is contained in the spider venom of the karakurt genus. At the time of the bite, a burning sensation is observed, and after 20-30 minutes the pain spreads throughout the body of the victim. Improving the patient's well-being occurs after a few days, and after 2-3 weeks, he fully recovers.
- Alpha-conotoxin, found in the venom of some mollusk species (eg geographic cone). If you take a shell with a mollusk in your hand, it immediately pierces it with spikes. In this case, the victim feels unbearable pain, as a result of which he loses consciousness. After a few minutes, the heartbeat quickens, the fingers go numb, shortness of breath and paralysis of the limbs appear. Reported deaths after injection geographic cone. Moreover, there is no antidote. The patient can be saved only with the help of profuse bloodletting from the injection site.
- Titiutoxin, which is produced by the yellow fat-tailed scorpion. The poison is so toxic that it kills even an adult. It is with the bite of this scorpion that 95% of all deaths from this poison are associated. They are found in Africa and the Middle East. It is immediately necessary to introduce the Antiscorpion serum, which will help save the life of the victim.
- And finally, the most deadly poison in the world is diamphotoxin. It is the most powerful poison on our planet. Contained in the blood of the larvae of the leaf beetle, common in the territory South Africa. The insect belongs to the same family as the Colorado potato beetle. The poison is intended only for protection from predators - after eating a beetle, it dies from excruciating pain. After entering the victim's body, the poison reduces the hemoglobin content by about 75%, since red blood cells are intensively destroyed. Poison can enter the human body only through the mouth. There is no antidote.
All poisons are very dangerous, deadly, so if you need to contact them, you need to do this as carefully as possible. If symptoms of poisoning with toxic substances are detected, it is urgent to call an ambulance. In some cases, even minutes decide the outcome of the situation. Therefore, if the poison is very dangerous, it is necessary to take an antidote as soon as possible. Otherwise, the likelihood of death is high.
In the world there are many poisons of very different nature. Some of them act almost instantly, others can torment the victim of poisoning for years, slowly destroying it from the inside. True, the concept of poison has no clear boundaries. It all depends on concentration. And often the same substance can act both as a deadly poison and as one of the most necessary components for sustaining life. Vitamins are a vivid example of such duality - even a slight excess of their concentration can completely destroy health or kill on the spot.
Here we offer a look at 10 substances that are pure poisons, and are included in the group of the most dangerous and fastest acting.
Cyanide
A fairly large group of salts of hydrocyanic acid is called cyanides. They are all, like the acid itself, extremely poisonous. In the last century, both hydrocyanic acid and cyanogen chloride have been used as chemical warfare agents, and have accounted for tens of thousands of lives.
Potassium cyanide is also famous for its extreme toxicity. Just 200-300mg of this white powder resembling in appearance granulated sugar, enough to kill an adult human in just a few seconds. Due to such a low dosage and incredibly quick death, this poison was chosen to die by Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Goering and other Nazis.
They tried to poison Grigory Rasputin with this poison. True, the senders mixed cyanide into sweet wine and cakes, not knowing that sugar is one of the most powerful antidotes for this poison. So in the end, they had to use a gun.
Anthrax bacillus
Anthrax is a very serious, rapidly developing disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. There are several forms of anthrax. The most "harmless" is skin. Even in the absence of treatment, mortality from this form does not exceed 20%. The intestinal form kills about half of the sick, but the pulmonary form is almost certain death. Even with the help of the latest treatment methods, modern doctors manage to save no more than 5% of patients.
Sarin
Sarin was created by German scientists who were trying to synthesize a powerful pesticide. But this deadly poison, which causes a quick but very painful death, acquired its gloomy glory not in agricultural fields, but as a chemical weapon. Sarin was produced by the ton for military purposes for decades, and it was not until 1993 that its production was banned. But despite calls for the complete destruction of all stocks of this substance, in our time it is used by both terrorists and the military.
Amatoxins
Amatoxins are a whole group of poisons of a protein nature contained in poisonous mushrooms of the amanite family, including the deadly pale grebe. The particular danger of these poisons lies in their "slowness". Once in the human body, they immediately begin their destructive activity, but the victim begins to feel the first ailment no earlier than 10 hours later, and sometimes even after several days, when it is already very difficult for doctors to do anything. Even if such a patient can be saved, he will still suffer for the rest of his life from painful violations of the functions of the liver, kidneys and lungs.
Strychnine
Strychnine is found in large quantities in nuts. tropical tree chilibuha. It was from them that it was obtained in 1818 by the French chemists Pelletier and Cavantou. In small doses, strychnine can be used as a drug that increases metabolic processes, improves heart function and treats paralysis. It was even actively used as an antidote for barbiturate poisoning.
However, it is one of the most strong poisons. Its lethal dose is even less than that of the famous potassium cyanide, but it acts much more slowly. Death from strychnine poisoning occurs after about half an hour of terrible torment and severe convulsions.
Mercury
Mercury is extremely dangerous in all its manifestations, but its vapors and soluble compounds are especially harmful. Even small amounts of mercury that enter the body cause severe damage to the nervous system, liver, kidneys and the entire gastrointestinal tract.
When small amounts of mercury enter the body, the process of poisoning proceeds gradually, but inevitably, since this poison is not excreted, but, on the contrary, accumulates. In ancient times, mercury was widely used for the production of mirrors, as well as felt for hats. Chronic poisoning with mercury vapor, which was expressed in a disorder of behavior up to complete insanity, at that time was called the "disease of the old hatter".
Tetrodotoxin
This extremely strong poison is found in the liver, milk and caviar of the famous puffer fish, as well as in the skin and caviar of some species of tropical frogs, octopuses, crabs and caviar of the Californian newt. Europeans first became acquainted with the effects of this poison in 1774, when the crew ate an unknown tropical fish on the ship of James Cook, and the slop from dinner was given to the ship's pigs. By morning, all the people were seriously ill, and the pigs were dead.
Tetrodotoxin poisoning is very severe, and even today doctors manage to save less than half of all poisoned people.
It is interesting to note that the famous Japanese delicacy fugu fish is prepared from fish in which the content of the most dangerous toxin exceeds the lethal dose for humans. Lovers of this treat literally entrust their lives to the art of the cook. But no matter how hard the chefs try, accidents cannot be avoided, and every year several gourmets die after eating an exquisite dish.
Ricin
Ricin is an extremely powerful plant poison. A great danger is the inhalation of its smallest grains. Ricin is about 6 times stronger poison than potassium cyanide, but as a weapon mass destruction it was not used due to purely technical difficulties. But various special services and terrorists are very "loving" this substance. Politicians and public figures receive letters stuffed with ricin with enviable regularity. True, it rarely comes to a fatal outcome, since the penetration of ricin through the lungs has a rather low efficiency. For a 100% result, it is necessary to inject ricin directly into the blood.
VX (VX)
VX, or, as it is also called, VI-gas, belongs to the category of military poison gases that have a nerve-paralytic effect. He, too, was born as a new pesticide, but soon the military began to use it for their own purposes. Symptoms of poisoning with this gas appear within 1 minute after inhalation or contact with the skin, and death occurs after 10-15 minutes.
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which are the causative agents of the most dangerous disease - botulism. It is the most powerful organic poison and one of the strongest poisons in the world. In the last century, botulinum toxin was part of the arsenals chemical weapons, but at the same time, active research was carried out regarding its use in medicine. And today, a huge number of people who want to at least temporarily restore the smoothness of the skin experience the influence of this terrible poison, which is part of the most popular Botox drug, which once again confirms the validity of the famous saying of the great Paracelsus: “Everything is poison, everything - medicine; both are determined by the dose.
Excerpts from the book by Alexei Gorbylev "Claws of the invisible"
“Our destiny is to be invisible, we are knights of the order of invisible deeds, we are a caste of ghosts standing above mere mortals,” the well-known Soviet writer Roman Nikolaevich Kim puts such words into the mouth of a ninjutsu mentor in his story about the ninja “School of Ghosts”. Reading these lines, I immediately remember poisons - the most insidious, invisible weapon. Here is a man reading a book, admiring the sunset, basking in sunshine, feasting with friends ... And suddenly he starts shaking, faints and dies in a few minutes. Yes, poison is a serious thing!
Ninja, the invisible assassins of medieval Japan, were well versed in poisons, knew how and when to use them. Of course, science has come a long way since then. But, despite the fact that the "night demons" did not know the sophisticated synthetic poisons of our days, their
the arsenal was no less effective and intimidating.
The ninja made many demands on the quality of the poison. They needed poisons that killed instantly, and poisons that killed the victim after many days, so that the shadow of suspicion would not fall on the spy, and he would have time to get out of enemy territory. They needed poisons for which there were no antidotes, poisons that didn't work like poison. There is no doubt that over the long centuries of searching, the “night demons” managed to find both, and the other, and the third. Probably, we will never be able to find out how many prominent politicians and generals were killed by invisible poisoners so that their death did not arouse suspicion in anyone.
DEADLY POISONS (ANSATSUYAKU)
The deadly poisons described in the ninjutsu instructions are divided into four categories:
1. slow-acting poisons mixed with food;
2. poisons that kill after a short period of time, mixed with food;
3. instant poisons mixed into food;
4. poisons that kill when they enter the blood.
1. Delayed Poisons
A typical example is the poison, which was extracted from green tea of the highest grade with the poetic name "Gyokuro" - "Jasper dew". Thanks to their unique properties he was very popular among the "night demons". Gyokuro tea was brewed very strongly, poured into a bamboo container, tightly closed in it and buried for thirty to forty days under the veranda of the house for rotting. The resulting liquid black gruel was to be mixed into the food of the victim for several days, 2-3 drops per day. As a result, the average healthy man became seriously ill on the 30th day, and by the 70th day he was sent to the next world. A person weakened by illness gave his soul to God much earlier. So much so that later no doctor could determine that the patient's death
caused by poisoning. Of course, over time, the secret of the gyo-kuro poison was unraveled by physicians, and even a special medical term “shukucha no doku” appeared - “poisoning with tea infused at night”.
American journalists Al Weiss and Tom Philbin tell a legend about how one ninja, who settled under the guise of an ordinary resident in an enemy city, slowly but surely poisoned the local "mayor" with gyokuro poison for several months. At the same time, he himself drank the same green tea, to which he added poison, as the mayor did, and thus averted suspicions that could creep into the soul of the enemy. But... after every tea party, he took the antidote. As a result, the "mayor" died, as it seemed to everyone, a natural death, and no one suspected a spy. Al Weiss and Tom Philbin also suggest that the ninja used bamboo, which is abundant in Japan, as a poison, although this is not specifically mentioned in the literature. As National Geographic wrote, “The stems of many types of bamboo have a skin covered with fluffy fine hairs. Be careful not to touch them. They penetrate the skin and cause severe irritation. Indeed, these hairs are the perfect poison. “The bacteria on the hairs can even cause blood poisoning. I read, - the author continues, - that in ancient times, hairs from the skin were mixed into food in order to send the enemy to the next world.
2. Poisons that kill after a short period of time
Poisons of this action were made from mineral, vegetable or animal raw materials. An example of poisons of the first kind are copper oxide (green; green coating formed on copper as a result of oxidation) and rat poison (arsenic).
Plant poisons were extracted from such plants as licorice (higambana; fig. 231), caustic buttercup (kimpoge, umanoashigata; fig. 232), etc.
As for the poisons extracted from animals, here the ninja preferred the poison obtained from the sand beetle hammyo (Fig. 233).
3. Instant Poisons
Such ninja poisons were poetically called "zagarashi-yaku" - "poisons that dry right on the spot." The most popular version of this poison was made from the seeds of green plum and green peach fruits, which were taken in equal proportions. In order to get poison, the bones were boiled for a long time (necessarily together). This poison was secretly mixed into the food of the victim or sprayed into the air in the form of the smallest dust so that it entered the respiratory tract. In the latter case, in a matter of seconds, it was possible to send to the next world with
a dozen enemies crammed into a small Japanese room.
In the Bansenshukai there is a paragraph called "Ho-ken-jutsu" - "Technique for meeting with a dog", which explains the technique of poisoning a four-legged friend of a person: "When entering a house in which there is a dog, two or three days [before operation] should be mixed with yakimeshi rice (fried boiled rice)[poison] matin [in proportion] 1 pound (1 pound = 0.375 g) per bun and put a few buns in the place where the dog may appear. 
The poison matin mentioned in the Bansensukai is nothing but strychnine. Strychnine is an extremely dangerous deadly poison. In order to kill a person, only 0.98 milligrams of this substance is enough. When ingested with food, it causes
characteristic convulsions, when the victim seems to lean back. The poisoned person experiences terrible pain and after a while dies from paralysis of the respiratory system.
Strychnine is an alkaloid. It was obtained from dried seeds tropical plants from the genus strychnos (chilibuha), containing up to 3% of poisonous alkaloids (Fig. 234).
In Japan, strychnine was widely used during the Edo period as an ingredient in rat poison. It came to Europe only in the 16th century, but its production was strictly prohibited due to the increasing cases of poisoning.
4. Poisons that kill when they enter the blood
It was with such poisons that the ninja smeared their “death stars” with shurikens, arrowheads, fukibari arrows. When they enter the bloodstream, they cause almost instantaneous paralysis of the respiratory system and heart, which leads to the death of a person. Such poison was obtained from the juice of the tori-kabuto plant (Japanese wrestler; Fig. 235). It is believed that the poison of torika-buto was invented by the ancient inhabitants. Japanese islands Ainu
(edzo), who processed their arrowheads with it and with their help felled bears. 
In the absence of torikabuto poison, the victim could be sent to the next world with the help of a shuriken smeared with horse manure. Horse manure contains many pathogenic bacteria that cause erysipelas (erysipelas), often resulting in the death of the patient. It is interesting that American soldiers were able to get acquainted with this poison, which is called “on their own skin”, during Vietnam War: The Vietnamese, just like the ninja, dipped their knives and bayonets in horse dung and blood.
In addition to deadly poisons, ninjas knew recipes for sleeping potions, drugs that cause paralysis, insanity, and inadequate reactions.
SLEEPING (NARCOTIC) DRUGS (MASUYAKU)
In the instructions for ninjutsu, recipes for three poisons of this kind are given.
The first remedy has already been described in chapter 2 in the section "Poisonous agents". It was made from the blood of the imori red-bellied newt, the blood of the Japanese moger mole, the blood of a snake, and some secret drug, the composition of which has not yet been clarified by researchers. Paper was impregnated with this mixture, which was twisted into paper twine, set on fire and thrown to the enemy. It could also
quietly throw a piece of paper into the brazier in the guardroom or into the fire at the enemy's bivouac. After inhaling poisonous soporific smoke, the enemy soon fell into a deep sleep.
Another sleeping potion was made from bat, leaves of the aogiri tree (firmiana, sterculia), centipede, sandal and paper tree pits, clove, evergreen aquilaria, mercury and ox dung. All this should have been ground into powder, mixed (often small balls were molded from the resulting substance) and set on fire. Having swallowed the smoke of this terrible mixture, people soon fell into a deep sleep.
The recipe for the third sedative, described in the secret instructions of the ninja, was as follows. It was necessary to dry in the shade and grind hemp leaves into flour. Then the flour was boiled. The resulting broth was mixed with weak tea, which was eventually fed to the chosen victim. From one sip, a person fell asleep, from 2-3 - he fell into a dream, accompanied by fever. If a person is forced
drink the drug for several days in a row, he just went crazy.
POISONS CAUSING PARALYSIS (SIBIREYAKU)
The texts describe two poisons of this effect, which should be mixed with food. The first ninja poison was obtained from a liquid that
was mined from the growths above the eyes of the giant Japanese toad hikigaeru (bufo marinus), considered the largest toad in the world (Fig. 236): its body length, not counting the length of the legs, is 22.5 cm! This liquid is so toxic that even with a single touch of it with a finger, the finger immediately begins to go numb.
Hikigaeru poison causes high blood pressure, headache and paralysis. Its action resembles the effects of taking an excessive amount of heart medication. To extract the poison, the toad is put on a skewer and roasted. Blisters form on the skin of the toad, and the poison flows out of the glands. It is collected in a container and allowed to ferment. The second paralysis-causing poison was extracted from the liver of the poisonous puffer fish (Fig. 237). Pufferfish are often referred to as "exploding" or "puffing" fish because they puff up when angered or when looking for food. Despite the fact that almost all Japanese are aware of the poisonousness of fugu, from year to year in the country rising sun dozens of people die from her hell. The fact is that fugu is considered a delicious delicacy served in the most expensive and sophisticated restaurants. Top class chefs working in them are able not only to prepare fugu in food, but also to remove its hell, which is certified by the state
license. But not everything is so simple. Fugu poison, which chemists call "tetradoxin", retains its properties even when the fish is cooked, and it takes quite a bit, from 8 to 10 milligrams, to be fatal. In addition, hell can be found in any organ of the fish. 
The result - multiple deaths caused by the use of fugu in food. In one of postwar years 250 accidental poisonings of this kind have been reported. At the same time, more than half of the victims died. Poisoning most often occurs in winter, when puffer fish is the most delicious and at the same time the most poisonous.
To destroy the enemy, extracting hell from the fugu was not at all necessary. It was enough, under the guise of a cook, to slip a "tidbit" piece of undercooked fish onto the victim's plate. And that's it. The poison affected the respiratory center of the brain and paralyzed the respiratory muscles.
POISONS THAT CAUSE TEMPORARY INTERNALITY (KYOKIYAKU)
In order to cause insanity in the victim, it was enough to crush the seeds of white dope (chosen asagao, mandarage; Fig. 238) into dust and mix them into the victim's food.
A few hours after ingesting 5-10 seeds, a person either fell asleep or went crazy.
POISONS THAT ALLOW TO CAUSE IN THE VICTIMS A STATE OF ANXIETY, WORRY, INADEQUATE REACTIONS (SOJO-YAKU)
Poison that causes severe itching This poison was extracted from the thorns of the herb kaikaigus (a type of irakus-Tumberga nettle; Fig. 239). Of them
the smallest powder was made, which was sprinkled on the underwear or neck of the victim, who was then ready to tear his skin to shreds from a terrible itch.
Poison that causes unreasonable laughter
As such a means, the poisonous hallucinogenic mushroom waraidake was used (Fig. 240). It was finely chopped and mixed into the food of the victim, who as a result began to roll on the floor, shaking with unreasonable laughter in the complete absence of self-control.
Al Weiss and Tom Philbin tell in their book about a strange incident that occurred when two princes were fighting for control of one of the provinces. One of them, in front of a large gathering of people, declared that he was a god and could strike with blindness anyone who stood in his way. The second prince reacted to this statement with laughter. However, shortly after dinner, he began to go blind and announced to the whole world that his opponent was indeed a god. In fact, the creator of the "deity" was a ninja who poisoned the prince's bath towel with a poison that causes temporary blindness.
