What kind of bird is called a puffball? Black-headed tit: description, features and interesting facts

One of the most common birds from the tit family is the brown-headed chickadee or puffy tit. The bird got its second name due to the fact that during cold weather it fluffs up its feathers very much. IN last years Zoologists are inclined to believe that birds should be classified as a separate family - chickadees.

Brown-headed Chickadee on the load.
Brown-headed Chickadee on a sunflower.

Geography of residence

Brown-headed chickadees are inhabitants of Europe and Asia, they are distributed in the Eurasian forest zone to the Pacific coast and Japanese Islands. In the north, these birds can be found on the Scandinavian Peninsula and Finland in the south on the outskirts of the Alps and the Balkan Mountains; beyond the mainland, birds live on the islands of Great Britain, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and Honshu.

The puffball leads both a sedentary and migratory lifestyle. It is quite difficult to meet these birds near human habitation; usually their habitat is conifers and mixed forests mountains and plains, usually these are wetlands of forest, they also live in thickets of willow and alder, the main condition is a large number of rotten or dead trees in which to build nests. In the mountains, drill chickadees live at altitudes up to 3800 meters above sea level.

The black-capped chickadee is a small bird from the tit family that lives in North America.

Appearance

The photo shows that brown-headed chickadees have a dense build, they have a large head and a short neck. Their body length does not exceed 14 cm, and their weight is only 8-15 grams. Their plumage is rather inconspicuous - brown-gray in color. On the top and back of the head the feathers are matte black, the plumage of most of the back, shoulders and lower back is brownish-gray. On the sides of the neck the plumage is whitish with an ocher tint. The beak is dark brown, the legs are dark gray. There is no sexual dimorphism.

Nutrition and behavior

However, puffballs can eat plant foods, usually these are:

• Seeds of Christmas tree, cedar and yew,
• wheat,
• hop,
• hemp,
• corn,
• oats,
• barley,
• rowan berries, cranberries, blueberries, etc.

These birds are very suspicious of people, so they do not approach human feeders, even when they are very hungry.

Throughout the year, the chickadee actively stores for the winter; to do this, it hides prey in crevices of tree bark, under lichens and mosses, and sometimes hides reserves several times.

Brown-headed tit, in autumn they usually join with tits, blue tits, and coal tits in mixed flocks.

The brown-headed chickadee or puffy chickadee has fluffed up.

Reproduction

Brown-headed chickadees are monogamous birds; having created a pair, they do not part until the death of one of the partners. The breeding season begins at the end of April, only the female is involved in the construction of the nest, usually it takes her up to three weeks, nests are made in rotten tree trunks or dead stumps, at a height of up to three meters above the ground, sometimes she uses old woodpecker hollows or nests as nests. protein. The inside of the hollow is trimmed with pieces of bark, feathers, and birch bark.

The clutch usually contains 5-9 old eggs with brown-red spots. While the eggs are incubating, the male is responsible for feeding the female, and after two weeks the chicks are born. If you look at the photo of the chicks, you can see that for the first three days after birth they are covered with brownish-gray down on their head and back. Both parents are responsible for feeding newborns, flying out for prey up to 300 times a day. After 20 days, the chicks begin to fly, but their parents will feed them for about two more weeks.

The average lifespan of brown-headed nuts is two to three years, and the maximum is up to 9 years.

In winter, there is a strict hierarchy in a flock of birds - females are subordinate to males, and young pairs are subordinate to older ones.

The chickadee (brown-headed chickadee) eats burdock seeds.
The chickadee (brown-headed chickadee) is swollen.
Chickadee (brown-headed tit) on a branch.

More types of tits.

Brown-headed Chickadee BIRD OF THE YEAR 2017

Neverova N.F. - biology teacher of MBOU secondary school No. 17

city ​​of Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region.

Dear friends!

Happy New Year!

May all the best come true this year cherished desires May the year be peaceful, successful and prosperous!

And if any trouble happens, let us wish each other not to lose heart, just as a chubby man never loses heart in the most severe winter frosts.

Happy New Year 2017, the year of the plump and the rooster!

Russian Bird Conservation Union

Brown-headed Chickadee – Bird of the Year 2017

2016 is over, and the title of bird of the year is moving from the bright and flashy hoopoe to the humble brown-headed chickadee, or puffy chickadee.

What did this little bird do to deserve such an honor?

Despite its fragile build, it can be a symbol of successful resistance to difficulties: this small bird winters not only in central European Russia, but also in Yakutia, at the “Pole of Cold”, where frosts down to minus 50 degrees are not uncommon. Harsh winters The brown-headed chickadee is saved by food reserves created in warm weather. Ornithologists have calculated that from spring to autumn, one chickadee stores up to 15 kg of winter reserves (mainly spruce seeds) in secluded places - about half a million food items. To successfully overwinter, 300,000 such objects are enough, but instinct tells you to play it safe - some of the reserves will not be found in winter.

This bird received the popular name “puffy” because in the cold it fluffs up its plumage, turning into a plump, loose ball. The brown-headed tit is a typical forest dweller; in cities it can only be found in forest parks.

Inexorable statistics show that in the first year of life, out of 1000 chickadees, only a third survive, about 50 birds manage to live up to 5 years, and only three manage to live up to 6-7 years. The maximum known lifespan of a puffball is 9 years.

The breeding season begins in April - May, with flight chicks appearing in July. The nest is made in a rotten trunk or stump of a dead tree (usually birch, aspen, alder, larch) at a height of up to 3 m above the ground. Like the tufted tit, the brown-headed tit prefers to hollow out (or rather pluck out) the nest on its own, but if that fails, it can use ready-made natural voids or old nests of tufted tits, lesser spotted woodpeckers, or its own, having previously deepened and cleaned the hollow.

REPRODUCTION

Basic construction material- pieces of bark, birch bark, strips of soaked bast, sometimes wool and a small amount of feathers. After construction is completed, a break is taken for 1-5 days. Clutch of 5-9 eggs, with rare exceptions once a year. The eggs are white with reddish-brown spots and speckles, often thicker at the blunt end. Egg dimensions: (15-16) x (12-13) mm. The female incubates for 13-15 days, while the male feeds her and guards the territory. Sometimes the female leaves the nest and gets food for herself.

Chicks hatch asynchronously, usually over the course of two or three days.

NUTRITION

It feeds on small invertebrates and their larvae, as well as seeds and fruits. In summer, the diet of adult birds is divided approximately equally between animal and plant foods, and in winter up to three quarters consists of food of plant origin, mainly seeds. coniferous trees- pine, spruce and juniper.

The fact is that the brown-headed chickadee reacts more sharply than all hollow-nesting birds to a picnic holiday with bonfires (since in this situation, the small dry trees it needs for nesting are cut down first). The brown-headed chickadee disappears from forests in which sanitary felling was carried out after drainage work, and does not tolerate park landscaping carried out in its habitat.

In 2017, declared in Russia the Year of Specially Protected natural areas and the Year of Ecology, caring for the brown-headed chickadee will help us all not only shape ecological culture population, but save the world for people and birds.

LET'S FIND THE BEAK OF THE BROWN-HEADED CHICKEN

nuthatch

WE WILL ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS

• What does the brown-headed chickadee eat?
• Why it deserves the title "Bird of the Year"
• Did you like the brown-headed chickadee? What exactly?

Tit family (Paridae)

Other species in this family:

Black-headed Chickadee

crested tit

Moskovka

Blue tit

Great tit

Black-headed Chickadee

The chickadee is very similar to the black-headed chickadee, differs from it in its voice and some coloring features: the “cap” on the back of the head extends further to the neck and is matte, not shiny; the black spot under the beak is wider and resembles a “bib”; there is a light area on the wing formed by the light edges of the secondary flight feathers. There is no sexual dimorphism.

The chubby bird's song is a repeating sequence of gentle and sad sounds; more typical is a ringing, slightly nasal call (usually expressed in the syllables: “tsitsi-dzhee-dzhee”), which the bird uses very often.

DRAW THE BIRD OF THE YEAR

Grayish-brown plumage

The “cap” on the back of the head is matte black.

black spot under beak

Cheeks are whitish. The sides of the neck are also whitish, but have a slight buffy tint

light area on the wing,

light edges of the secondary flight feathers.

Name the bird with the number of the New Year's toy

brown-headed chickadee

waxwing

nuthatch

big tit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

• AND drain
• http http://www.rbcu.ru/news/press/32900 /
• Wikipedia. Brown-headed Chickadee
• Personal observations.
• Internet pictures

Hello dear readers of the site about animals. Alexandra is in touch with you. You know, by chance I just remembered how recently I was delighted by the flight of beautiful birds to our feeder on a tree in the garden near the house. We always hang a large number of them on every tree in winter.

And this time, beautiful birds, which we had not seen before in the summer, flew to the feeders. These were the birds - tits. So beautiful, you can’t take your eyes off them. In this article I will tell you what types of tits there are and look at their photos.

Types of tits photos and names

Yellow-chested titmouses are hard to miss, as they fly away to the forest in summer and live there until the onset of cold weather.

But as soon as the first frost hits, timid snowflakes will appear in the air - titmouse will reach for human habitation. Near a person you can always find a crumb for food. Yes, and a person remembers birds: he prepares feeders, hangs a piece of unsalted bacon. Everything for them, for the tits and their brothers.

Small birds gather in groups during the arrival of cold weather, because it is more fun to spend the winter, there are also more chances to survive.

At first glance, it seems that all the birds are the same, except that they can be distinguished by their height. Actually this is not true. Here's the usual one titmouse nicknamed bolshak. She's big. Her plumage is bright: her belly is yellow with a black stripe in the middle. The titmouse's cap is also black. It creates a sharp contrast with white cheeks. The back of the bird is colored in different shades of green.

Great tits are very lively birds in terms of movement. They scurry along the tree trunk, looking for hidden insects under the bark. At the same time, the birds talk loudly among themselves. In summer, the nearby forest serves as their home.

Smaller birds are jumping next to the big tits. They differ from large ones in the color of their plumage. This blue tits. They have blue caps and no black stripe on the chest and abdomen. Due to their low weight, blue tits can perch on the very tip of a thin branch. It cannot be said that their character is modest. Blue tits do not allow themselves to be offended; they make noise at the feeders and drive away other birds.

Blue tits are related princeling. The prince is truly unusual. He is “dressed” in a striped blue and white tailcoat. This bird is rare, and information about it is recorded in the Red Book.

In the dark coniferous forests lives a bird similar in plumage to a highway - a bird nicknamed Moscow. Apparently, due to the gloom of its habitat, its plumage is dull. It looks like the bird was sprinkled with grains of coal. It can be recognized by the white spot on the neck.

Muscovites are neighbors chubby And brown-headed tit. These are also titmice. Their backs are gray-brown, their abdomens are light, there is a black spot on the head, the same under the beak. The sisters differ in their voices and preferences: the puff can be found among the trees, the black-headed tit in the deciduous forests near the floodplain of the reservoir.

It is very rare, but you can still see a cute bird with a crest. For the presence of a crest, the bird is called grenadier. Once upon a time in the 18th century, grenadier headdresses had similar crests. The grenadier also has a common name - the tufted tit.

What all these birds have in common is that they live in hollows. They inhabit hollows abandoned by woodpeckers or voids formed by nature in a tree. Their food is insects and seeds. Those who live in a spruce forest naturally feed on seeds from spruce cones. If the cone harvest is poor, tits become nomads.

Other tits thriftyly store insects and seeds. Birds often forget about their pantries, but supplies do not go to waste. Those who are the first to discover such a pantry feast on them.

It can be said that tits have cousins, forming a separate family. This long-tailed tits. They are also called ladles because they look like little ladles with a long handle. These “ladies” are good builders.

The building material for them is moss. It makes strong and good-quality round houses, which can only be entered through a side door. As a rule, these houses are well camouflaged.

In winter, long-tailed tits form a group independent from the rest. They can accompany the woodpecker if they are weakened. Then the titmice have the opportunity to look for insects under the bark torn off by the woodpecker.

In winter, birds place their greatest hope on humans. If he supports the birds in winter, they will repay him with kindness in summer. Dear readers, I wanted to ask you, do you feed the birds in winter and make feeders? Please report it in the comments to this article. And then we will somehow tell and show in the following articles how to make bird feeders. Would you be interested?

Tit (previously - Tit)

syn. Poecile montanus

The entire territory of Belarus

Tit family - Paridae.

In Belarus - P. m. borealis.

Common breeding, sedentary and partially nomadic species.

Externally, both in size and color of plumage, it is extremely similar to the black-headed chickadee. It is distinguished by a brownish tint of black in the plumage of the top of the head, a slightly longer beak and the presence of noticeable light edges on the outer webs of the upper wing coverts. The beak is brown, the cheeks are white, on the throat black spot, the abdomen is dirty, the back is gray with a brownish tint. Weight of male 10-11.5 g, female 10-12 g. Body length (both sexes) 12-14 cm, wingspan 16.5-22 cm, wing length 6-6.5 cm, tail 6 cm, tarsus 1 cm.

Inhabits mainly coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of the taiga type. Typical habitats are pine forests, pine forests with an admixture of various deciduous species, often located near sphagnum swamps, spruce and spruce-deciduous forests with old trees and rotten stumps. In mixed forests, it selects areas with a predominance of pine or spruce trees. Found both near the edges and in the depths forest areas. Occasionally it settles in the vicinity of humans, sometimes nests in large forest parks if there are hollow trees or the opportunity to hollow out a hollow in rotten alder or birch wood.

Outside the breeding season during the autumn-winter migrations, they are often found in various types forests in gardens and parks and holiday villages in flocks with other tits looking for food.

The spatial niche of this species is the crowns of trees (pine, oak, aspen, birch, alder), shrubs and grass cover.

In March - April, the formation of pairs is observed, at this time it is most often possible to hear the male singing - monotonously repeated melancholic whistles. The singing bird constantly moves in the crowns of trees. The call is not whistling, like that of the black-headed chickadee, but sharper, conveyed by the sounds “ji-ji-jzhe...”. In May–June, the intensity of singing decreases sharply, then increases by the time the chicks fly out of the nest, while both males and females sing.

They nest in separate pairs in hollows, which they usually hollow out and pluck out themselves in rotten stumps, broken off dry or rotten tree trunks at a height of 0.5-1.5 m. Both the male and the female take part in the construction of the hollow. Rarely uses ready-made rotted cavities, but always clears and deepens them. The construction of a hollow lasts 5–20 days, nests - 4–6 days.

The diameter of the tap hole does not exceed 25-35 mm. At the bottom of the hollow, a miniature nest is built from pieces of tree bast, pieces of bark and panicles of cereals. This material also distinguishes the nest of the chickadee from the nest of the black-headed chickadee, which is very similar in appearance. For lining it uses animal wool and hair, adding plant fluff and cobwebs to it. In exceptional cases, very little material is used to build a nest, or the bird does without it at all, and then there is nothing in the hollow except wood dust. The diameter of the tray is about 5 cm.

The clutch consists of 6-9 (usually 7-8), occasionally 5 or 10 eggs. The shell is shiny, milky white, covered with sparse or denser surface spots of rusty brown color, often forming a corolla at the blunt end. Deep spots have a reddish-purple tint. Egg weight 1.3 g, length 14-17 mm, diameter 11-13 mm.

Egg laying occurs in the third ten days of April - the first ten days of May. There is one brood per year, but sometimes there are two. The laying of eggs of the second cycle in the south-west of Belarus is observed until the 1st half of July.

The female incubates for 14-15 days, during which time the male regularly brings her food.

The chicks are fed by both parents. At the age of about 18 days, the chicks leave the nest. The parents feed the fledglings that fly out of the nests for 7–11 days near the hollow. About a week after hatching, the chicks try to get food on their own. For about a month after departure, the broods stay together, then they break up, and the young birds migrate, only moving to a sedentary life by mid-winter.

In southwestern Belarus, the number of chicks in a nest is 4–8, with an average of 6.2.

According to observations of two nests in which there were 6 and 7 chicks of 8–10 days of age in the Tomashovsky forestry (Brest district), the number of food brought by parents to the nest was 220–280 times a day. Food is collected near the nest. The area of ​​the hunting area ranged from 4.5 to 11 thousand m², with an average of 8.7 thousand m².

Brown-headed chickadees' diet consists of insects and other small invertebrates, including aphids, spiders, egg-laying insects, small molluscs and worms. They also eat seeds of conifers and other plants (seeds of spruce, pine, juniper, fruits and seeds of rowan, blueberry, alder, birch) and even feed them to their chicks. In spring, birds include aspen and alder anthers in their diet and drink birch sap.

Chickadee chicks are fed with butterfly caterpillars, spiders and their cocoons, and small insect larvae. Shortly before leaving the nest, the parents begin to feed the chicks seeds.

In autumn, these birds make a large number of small storehouses (one or several seeds in each), hiding them in crevices of the bark, under lichen and in other secluded places. Surprisingly, every bird remembers its numerous pantries, regularly checks and often hides their contents. Reserves are used mainly during periods of temporary shortage of feed, which is used by both the owners and other birds.

The number in Belarus is stable, estimated at 400–600 thousand pairs.

The maximum age recorded in Europe is 11 years 4 months.

Osokina Vera, 7 "A" kl

This project can be used in extracurricular activities, as well as in biology lessons as additional information.

Download:

Preview:

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Sukhobezvodnaya school"

District design competition - research work"Bird of the Year 2017 - Brown-headed Chickadee"

Nomination "Design work"

The title of the work is “Meet! Bird of the Year 2017!”

The work was completed by 7th grade student Vera Osokina, 13 years old.

Scientific supervisor: Golubeva Natalya Nikolaevna, biology teacher

R.p. Sukhobezvodnoye-2017

1. Introduction

2Theoretical part:

2.2.Distribution area

2.3.External structure

2.4.Reproduction

2.5.Food

2.6. Systematics and subspecies

2.5.Interesting facts

3. Practical part:

3.1. Sociological survey of students

4.Security

5.Conclusion

6.Literature

1. Introduction

What a small bird,

Fussy singer

Alive in mixed forests no

Near rivers and swamps?

Why the red cap flies,

It stores food for winter.

This bird is a jackass,

What is it called? ...(Gaichka)

(Vladimir-Georgy Stupnikov)

For 20 years in our country, every year passes under the sign of a bird chosen by the Russian Bird Conservation Union. In the Year of Ecology and the Centenary of the Conservation Society protected areas(SPNA) the bright hoopoe, the symbol of 2016, was replaced by the modest brown-headed chickadee.

The Russian Bird Conservation Union has chosen the Bird of the Year for the 22nd time. The symbol of this year was to be the most widespreadѐ A bird found throughout the country. The great tit already held this title, so it is fitting that it went to the second most numerous and widespread brown-headed tit. The Latin name of this bird isParus montanus ("mountain tit"), and its popular name -"puffy" - she received it because in the cold her feathers puff up, turning into a plump, loose ball.

Purpose My project is to familiarize myself with theoretical material: the bird of the year is the brown-headed tit.

I have to decide tasks:

1. Study theoretical material.
2. Conduct a sociological survey of students on this topic
3. Identify the importance of caring for and protecting birds.

Object My research is material about birds.

Item research - the brown-headed chickadee as a symbol of the year.

Hypothesis: Birds will live because people take care of them!

2 Theoretical part

2.1Systematic position of the brown-headed tit

Kingdom - Animals

Type - Chordata

Subphylum - Vertebrates

Class - Birds

Order - Passeriformes

Family - Tits

Rod-Gaichki

Species: Brown-headed Chickadee

2.2 Distribution area of ​​the brown-headed chickadee

The brown-headed tit is widespread in the lowland and mountain forests of the northern hemisphere: in North America, Europe (except for its southern regions), in the northern parts of Asia, in the Caucasus, Sakhalin and the Japanese Islands.

The main biotope is mountain and lowland coniferous and mixed forests with pine, spruce and larch, often deaf, wetlands and floodplains. In central Europe it is found mainly in floodplain forests among shrub vegetation, in small groves, and on the edges.

In central Europe it is found mainly in floodplain forests among shrub vegetation, in small groves, and on the edges. In the mountains it is found up to the border of tree vegetation - in Europe on average up to 2000 m, onAltai up to 2300 m, in ChineseTien Shan up to 2745 m above sea level. Outside the breeding season it rises significantly higher - for example, inTibet encounters of puffballs have been recorded at an altitude of 3840 and 3960 m above sea level.

2.3 External structure

A small, densely built bird with big head, short neck and nondescript grayish-brown plumage. Body length 12-14 cm, wingspan 16-22 cm, weight 9-14 The top of the head and the back of the head are matte black (but not brown, as can be determined by the name), while the cap extends far back to the front of the back. The rest of the upperparts - most of the back, shoulders, middle and lesser wing coverts, loin and rump - are brownish-gray. The greater coverts have the same color, but are darker in the middle part. The cheeks covering the ears are whitish. The sides of the neck are also whitish, but have a slight buffy tint. The front of the throat is marked with a large black spot - a “bib”. The underparts are off-white, with a slight buffy coating on the sides and undertail. The beak is dark brown, the legs are dark gray.

2.4 Reproduction

The breeding season begins in April - May, and flight chicks appear in July. Couples are formed in winter in the first year of life and, as a rule, persist until one of the partners dies. During courtship, the male sings and chases the female, both birds shake their wings and arch. Mating is preceded by a demonstrative offering of food, accompanied by the murmur of the male and the calls of the female.. Nests in the same area.Nest nests in a rotten trunk or stump of a dead tree (usuallybirches , aspen , alder , larches ) at a height of up to 3 m above the ground. Often the nest is located very low, at a height of no more than a meter. The brown-headed chickadee prefers to hollow out (or rather pluck out) the nest on its own, but in case of failure, it can use ready-made natural voids or old nests of tufted chickadees,lesser spotted woodpecker or your own, having previously deepened and cleaned the hollow. The construction and arrangement of the nest is carried out exclusively by the female; This activity usually takes from 4 to 12 days, but under unfavorable conditions it can take up to 25 days. The depth of the hollow is 100-200 mm, the diameter of the flight hole is 25-35 mm. The main building material is pieces of bark,birch bark , strips of soaked bast, sometimes wool and a small amount of feathers. After construction is completed, a break is taken for 1-5 days. The arrangement of the tray is resumed with the beginning of laying - having laid the first egg, the bird continues to bring soft material to the nest. As a result, at the beginning of incubation, the eggs are covered with a layer of litter. Clutch of 5-9 eggs, with rare exceptions once a year. Eggs
white with reddish-brown spots and speckles, often denser at the blunt end. Egg dimensions: (15-16) x (12-13) mm. The female incubates for 13-15 days, while the male feeds her and guards the territory. Sometimes the female leaves the nest and gets food for herself.

Chicks usually appear within two or three days. In the first days they are covered with sparse brownish-gray down on the head and back, and have a yellow or brownish-yellow beak cavity. Both members of the pair feed the offspring, bringing prey up to 250-300 times a day. At night and on cool days, the female sits incessantly in the nest, warming the chicks. The ability to fly appears after 17-20 days, however, even after this, for 12 days the chicks are unable to obtain food on their own and are completely dependent on their parents. Starting from mid-July, the chicks, together with their parents, flock together in mixed flocks. In winter, in a group of chickadees there is always a certain hierarchy, in which males dominate over females, and pairs of adult birds dominate pairs of young ones. Maximum known age puffy - 8 years 11 months. Throughout its life, the bird sticks to the same area, rarely moving more than 5 km from its place of birth..

2.5 Power

Feeds on smallinvertebrates and their larvae, as well as seeds and fruits. In summer, the diet of adult birds is divided approximately equally between animal and plant foods, and in winter, up to three quarters consists of food of plant origin, mainly seeds of coniferous trees -pine trees , ate And juniper . The young animals are being fedcaterpillars butterflies , spiders and larvae sawflies followed by the addition of plant feed. Adults eat large quantities of spiders, smallZhukov , butterflies at all stages of development,Homoptera , Hymenoptera (bees, wasps), (flies, mosquitoes, midges)

From plant foods, in addition to the above, he eats grain crops -wheat , barley , oats , corn . Feeds on seeds and fruitsburdock , birches , alder , hops , meadow calico , meadow cornflower , pikulnik , reed grass , horse sorrel , flax , berries mountain ash , cranberries , blueberries , lingonberries , cotoneaster .

It feeds in the middle and lower tier of the forest, including among low-growing shrub vegetation and undergrowth, but rarely falls to the ground. This bird can often be seen hanging head down from a very thin branch. In winter, it looks for sleeping insects in secluded places on tree trunks and needles. It actively makes reserves throughout the year, hiding seeds in crevices of the bark, between the needles, and under lichens. He immediately hides some of the food he finds, even during the winter hungry period. Occasionally visits bird feeders.

2.6 Systematic and subspecies

Brown-headed tit under the Latin nameParus cinereus montanus was first described in1827 Swiss naturalistThomas Conrad von Baldenstein .

The guide to the birds of the world identifies 14 subspecies of the brown-headed tit.

2.7 Interesting facts

The chickadee is the most numerous species of tit, after the great tit. It is a small bird with a wingspan of 16-22 cm and a weight of 9-14 g.

Contrary to the name of the bird, its head is not brown, but black, although duller than that of the black-headed, or marsh, chickadee. Black color takes up everything top part heads and even slightly grabs the neck. The rest of the upper body plumage, as well as the wings and tail, are gray, while the cheeks, chest and belly are white.

Since autumn, these tits often stay in common flocks with other tits, pikas and nuthatches. They inspect both coniferous and deciduous trees and, more often than other tits, jump to the ground to look for food among fallen leaves in the fall, and on the surface of the snow in winter.

In the summer, you won’t find a puffball near human habitation. Until July, young titmice are tied to the nest; later they will unite in noisy, cheerful flocks with kinglets and other small birds. Until winter they wander from place to place. In winter, when there is not enough food for birds, they can be seen in city parks, gardens, and near reservoirs.

Like some other species of tits, chickadees store food in the summer and early autumn. The tendency to hoard food is very pronounced in chubby goats. Throughout the year they hide some of the food they find. Food storage can be observed even in winter, seemingly under the most unfavorable feeding conditions. Young plumes begin to hide food as early as July.

Powderfish hide their reserves in a wide variety of places: on coniferous and deciduous trees, less often on bushes, stumps and even on the ground at the base of trunks. Hidden food is sometimes covered with a piece of bark or lichen. However, chickadees apparently do not remember the location of supplies and find hidden food by accident. The use of reserves sometimes begins almost immediately after they are stocked. Birds eat some of the found reserves, and hide some again.

3.Practical part

Sociological survey among class students

I decided to conduct a sociological survey among students in our class. To do this, I compiled questions for the questionnaire. 20 students took part in the survey.

Survey questions:

1.2017 is the year

• Ecology
• Literatures
• Cinematography

2. Which bird is the symbol of 2017:

• Hoopoe
• Lapwing
• Brown-headed Chickadee

3What do these letters of protected areas mean?

4.When is Bird Day celebrated:

• April 1
• June 5
• August 3rd

5How do you understand the expression “Sedentary birds”

6. How do you understand the expression "Migratory birds"

7. How do you understand the expression "Wandering birds"

8. Birds are called differently:

• Our feathered friends
• Our winged friends

Survey results:

As a result of the survey, I came to the following conclusions:

The students responded as follows:

1 question - 100%

Question 2-95%

Question 3-23%

Question 4-86%

Question 5 - 84%

Question 6 - 100%

Question 7-82%

8 question - 100%

The students in my class are quite knowledgeable and well-read, because... many are interested in biology, and also receive important and interesting information during conversations, oral journals on the classroom clock.

4 Security

Brown-headed chickadees are very useful because... bring enormous benefits to forest ecosystems. They are playing important role in regulating the number of various insects. Therefore, it is imperative to take care of these small creatures doing a great job.

How can we help the bird of the year?

• Organize winter feeding. But in order to help the chickadees survive the winter, the feeder should be hung on the outskirts of the village or village, and for city dwellers - in a park or forest park. And don’t forget to replenish food supplies in it!
• It is of little use to build titmice for the bird of the year - brown-headed chickadees, unlike other types of tits, live in hollows, which they independently pluck from rotten wood.
• Change human behavior in nature during picnics.

The fact is that the brown-headed chickadee reacts more sharply than all hollow-nesting birds to a picnic holiday with bonfires (since in this situation, the small dry trees it needs for nesting are cut down first).

The brown-headed chickadee disappears from forests in which sanitary felling was carried out after drainage work, and does not tolerate park landscaping carried out in its habitat.

Wikipedia. Brown-headed Chickadee

Internet pictures

Experience working with schoolchildren, Volgograd, 2010