Edible and non-edible mushrooms. Presentation on the topic "the world of mushrooms" The world around mushrooms

Dear Guys! Today we will talk about mushrooms.

Have you picked mushrooms?

Tell us where and what mushrooms you found.

Try to remember what mushrooms you know.

Right! White mushroom, boletus, boletus, honey agaric, butterdish, russula, camelina ...

Mushrooms grow in forests and in fields, meadows and swamps. They appear on the ground among fallen leaves, stick around mossy stumps and tree trunks, mushrooms are found even underground.

What is a mushroom?

A mushroom is a plant, but a plant is special. It has no branches, no leaves, no flowers.

Mushrooms reproduce by spores. Spores are tiny particles that hide in mushroom caps. When the mushrooms ripen, the spores spill out onto the ground, they are picked up by the wind and spread through the forest or meadow. New young mushrooms grow from spores.

Mushrooms have a mycelium. It looks like a felt nest and consists of a huge number of densely interwoven threads. These threads, as thin as cobwebs, are called hyphae. Mushroom threads go deep into the ground. In appearance, they resemble tree roots and penetrate the underground space around the fungus. Through the thread-hyphae, the fungus receives water from the soil and the useful substances dissolved in it that it needs for growth. The mushroom picker and the threads diverging in all directions under the ground can be compared with the trunk and roots of a tree. The mushroom picker is the trunk, and the threads are the roots.

The fruit of this extraordinary tree is a mushroom, which we gladly put in a basket or basket. The mushroom has a cap and a leg.

Imagine that in the early morning you went to the forest for mushrooms. Silence still reigns in the forest, a silvery-white mist creeps between the tree trunks. But then the first rays of dawn broke out, they flare up brighter and brighter, illuminating the clouds with a pink glow. The fog dissipates, the contours of the trees become clearly visible, and an oriole flies out of the green grassy tower and loudly sings its morning song.

Song Orioles

"Fiu-liu, fiu-liu, -

The oriole whistles loudly. —

Summer morning is beautiful

The dew shines with fire.

The ravines smell of prel,

Hear the singing of springs,

Under the pine and under the spruce

A lot of mushrooms have grown!

For a long time, people not only hunted animals and birds in the forests, but also collected forest gifts - mushrooms. Picking mushrooms is called "silent hunting".

“Among the various human hunts, there is a humble hunt to pick mushrooms, or to take mushrooms. I am even ready to give preference to mushrooms, because they must be found, therefore, it is possible not to find them; here some skill is mixed in, knowledge of the field of mushrooms, knowledge of the area and happiness. No wonder the proverb says: “With happiness it’s good to pick mushrooms.” These words belong to Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, a writer, an expert on Russian nature.

With the light hand of Aksakov, picking mushrooms was called " silent hunting».

Why do experienced mushroom pickers go out on a “quiet hunt” in the early morning, and not in a hot afternoon or evening?

Yes, because:

"At dawn dewy

Mushroom strong, fragrant,

And on a hot day -

Like a rotten stump."

This proverb was made by the people.

They also say this: “He who gets up earlier will pick mushrooms, and only nettles remain drowsy and lazy.”

Many mushroom pickers know the joyful feeling when they find the very first forest trophy - a stately strong mushroom!

“For me, the most expensive thing is to enter the forest when it is still gloomy in the forest, and quiet, and untouched, and under the very first spruce your first mushroom is waiting for you, as if he deliberately went closer to the edge, in order to be the first to catch your eye and please”, - noted the writer Vladimir Soloukhin.

forest trophy

Dawn hidden, timid,

Pleasant forest chill.

Under the spruce, by the very path

Pick a young fungus.

What a strong, vigorous man he is!

Wants to please me.

Dew on green grasses

Like crystal beads.

I love a little

Gift of gnomes and fairies

And I'll put it in a basket

Your first forest trophy.

How to dress properly when going to the forest for mushrooms?

You need to put on rubber boots with woolen socks on your feet, because on an early dewy morning in the forest it is also damp and cool. It is better not to wear anything rustling in the forest, so as not to scare away the forest inhabitants, and bright, so as not to attract insects. Bees and wasps can take you for a big elegant flower and inadvertently sting you!

The most suitable clothing for a mushroom picker is a sports suit and a light hat.

The main thing is that the head, arms and legs are covered with clothes. Do not forget that in the forests there are dangerous insects- ticks, the bites of which can cause serious illness.

But imagine that you dressed according to all the rules of "mushroom hunting" and thought about what you will put the mushrooms in.

No buckets, no bags, no backpacks are suitable for picking mushrooms! After all, mushrooms are tender, soft. Their hats break and crumble easily. In addition, cut mushrooms need to “breathe”, and in buckets and backpacks they will not only break, but also “suffocate” - they will quickly lose their bright forest beauty, become dark and caked.

No, baskets or baskets woven from flexible willow branches, covered with fragrant moss, and baskets made of white birch bark, the top layer of birch bark, are best suited for picking mushrooms. Mushrooms "breathe" through the holes in them, preserving fragrant freshness and beauty.

I'll put the mushroom in a basket

I'll put the mushroom in a basket,

What was woven from willow branches.

Let the mushroom "breathe" a little,

Let it stay beautiful!

Many mushroom pickers have their own treasured places - edges, glades, where they gather a rich mushroom harvest every year. But mushrooms are tricky! They love, as the people say, "to lead by the nose." Either they will hide under a dense dark spruce, or they will bury themselves in tall grasses near a mossy stump, or they will hide behind a fallen leaf. You walk by and you don't notice!

Many mushroom pickers know that if there are dry, hot days, the mushrooms hide together under the bushes, and after the rains they cheerfully scatter through the clearings and forest edges.

Do you guys know how to properly cut mushrooms? Can mushrooms be uprooted?

Right! Mushrooms cannot be pulled out of the ground along with the mycelium! Having killed the mycelium, you will not find more mushrooms in this place. But the mycelium of some mushrooms live hundreds of years!

If you find a forest treasure - a young fresh mushroom, you need to cut it with a knife, and lightly sprinkle the mycelium with earth, cover it with fallen leaves or a sprig of needles and press it firmly with your palm so that the mushroom grows here again next year.

A real mushroom picker, having found a good mushroom, will first admire it, remember where this mushroom grew, and only then carefully cut it off and put it in a basket with a hat down on a soft moss feather bed.

A lot of Russian folk signs related to where and when to look for mushrooms. People noticed: if “there are a lot of midges, you need to cook a lot of baskets for mushrooms,” and “the first fog of summer is a sure sign of mushrooms.”

tricky fungus

Tricky little fungus

In a round red hat

He does not want to box

He plays hide and seek.

Hiding near the stump -

Call me to play!

Where to find fungus

If the day is dry and hot,

That in the pine forest, resinous, coniferous

All mushrooms - under the bushes,

under the green leaves.

If the rain roars,

If the forest is washed with moisture,

Instantly chanterelles and waves

They scatter along the edge.

Enjoy the beauty!

Before the fungus

Put in a container

Don't rush, stay

Enjoy beauty.

And then don't be lazy

Bow low to the mushroom.

Cut it under the spine

In winter there will be a pie!

Advice for a mushroom picker

Sprinkle mycelium

raw earth,

cover with leaves

Yes, fragrant pine needles.

A year will pass -

The fungus will grow again!

Mushrooms grow especially quickly in forests after warm summer rains. Such rains are often called "blind", or "mushroom". “If it rains, there will be fungi, and if there are fungi, there will be boxfish,” says folk wisdom.

Mushroom rain

Close to rain. It smelled of moisture

Fine water dust.

I see, in the haze, behind the ravine

Mushroom rain is falling obliquely.

Slowly enters the forest

Paw touches hairy

Stems of strong nettles,

Bluebells and mint.

He sits on a fallen trunk,

Where there is moss and humus,

And conjures over the mycelium:

After all, it’s not for nothing that he is a mushroom!

What months do mushroom pickers pick mushrooms?

The earliest mushrooms are oyster mushrooms, they are harvested in the spring.

“Spring hung oyster mushrooms on trees - the earliest spring mushrooms, early ripening,” writes an avid mushroom picker, geologist and writer Pyotr Sigunov about oyster mushrooms, “Oyster mushrooms, like jumping squirrels, love to climb trunks. They will climb onto a dry rotten aspen and sit there on short felt paws, hanging their thick, lopsided ears ... Oyster mushrooms smell of wheat flour. No wonder they are also called buns.

But most mushroom harvest begin to shoot from mid-summer until autumn days. They go for autumn mushrooms in September. The people remarked: "If the fungus is late, there will be a late snowball."

In the old days in Rus' there were many dense forests, and these forests are full of mushrooms! “With the onset of the season, whole families left smoky huts, hung large deep baskets behind their backs, picked up sticks to feel mushrooms under the humus of fallen leaves and “disappeared” until the cold autumn. These " forest people lived exclusively by picking mushrooms. They built booths and huts for themselves, they went out of their thickets only to sell their goods to buyers waiting for them at the edge of the forest” (K. Serebryakov).

In the midst mushroom season mushroom pickers scatter through the forest. Every now and then their voices are heard: calling to each other, haunting. Sometimes people wander into remote thickets and lose the familiar path.

How not to get lost in the dense forest?

It turns out that you can find the way to the house and mushrooms! No wonder they are called "living compasses". Of course, you know that a compass is a device that indicates the location of the cardinal points: North, South, West, East. Such a compass can be a mushroom - an ordinary forest camelina!

These mushrooms usually grow under fir trees. The saffron mushrooms growing north of the spruce have large, bright orange caps, like cast copper, while the saffron caps growing on the south side have small, greenish caps.

Edible mushrooms that we collect in the forests are tubular and lamellar.

In tubular mushrooms, the lower surface of the cap looks like a porous sponge. It is permeated with thin tubes in which fungal spores ripen. TO tubular fungi relate White mushroom and boletus, butterdish and flywheel.

In agaric mushrooms, the lower surface of the cap is covered with ribs-plates. Spores are attached to each plate. When the fungus matures, the plates move apart and the spores spill out onto the ground. Lamellar mushrooms - milk mushrooms, mushrooms, chanterelles, russula, honey mushrooms.

Except edible mushrooms found in the forest and poisonous mushrooms. Better to avoid them! Neither touch them with your hands, nor cut them with a knife, nor put them in a basket!

They call them "forest werewolves" because these mushrooms look like edible ones.

Poisonous mushrooms include the well-known handsome fly agaric and false mushrooms, which are cleverly faked as real mushrooms. But the most dangerous poisonous mushroom is death cap! Even a small piece of this mushroom can kill a person. The pale grebe contains several deadly poisons at once.

You will learn about poisonous mushrooms and how to distinguish them from edible ones a little later.

Let's think together why edible good mushrooms are so fond of people.

They are tasty and healthy. They can be boiled, fried, salted, marinated and dried. Mushrooms give a special taste and aroma to all dishes! Soups are cooked with mushrooms, pies are baked, roasts are cooked.

Mushrooms contain many useful substances, so they have been used in the treatment of diseases since ancient times.

Many mushrooms have antimicrobial activity, they contain antibiotics.

Not only people, but also animals love to eat mushrooms. Squirrels and chipmunks store mushrooms for the winter in different ways. Squirrels prick mushrooms on branches, scatter them into chipmunks and badgers to dry on the trunks of trees fallen by bad weather.

What mushrooms are especially fond of forest dwellers?

Squirrels like boletus, boletus, boletus and mushrooms. Moose love to treat themselves to porcini mushrooms, and they are treated with fly agaric. reindeer butterflies are eaten with appetite. Boars - milk mushrooms. Before eating milk mushrooms, wild boars trample them with their hooves, crush them with fangs and roll in the mud. They love this dish! Chipmunks and badgers dry milk mushrooms, chanterelles and russula for the winter.

How do mushroom pickers know where to look for their "forest happiness"? They have their own little tricks. Avid lovers of "silent hunting" know when and under which trees to look for forest treasures. For example, white mushrooms do not grow in young forests, they appear in pine and spruce forests that are at least fifty years old. They like porcini mushrooms to grow near anthills. Tireless worker ants loosened the earth there. Chosen by "colonels"-boletus and shady glades.

Butterflies often grow in young forests, copses, in sunny dry pine forests. Russula decorate birch forests with colorful hats, and mushrooms appear on stumps.

Mushroom pickers know that if there are waves, milk mushrooms will soon go. If mushroom pickers bring porcini mushrooms in baskets from the forest, then in three weeks mushrooms will grow up. If autumn mushrooms stuck around the stumps and trunks of trees, it means that soon snowflakes will flutter in the air, like white moths.

Have you ever wondered where mushrooms got their names from?

It turns out that some mushrooms are named after their place of growth. For example, honey agaric has chosen rotten stumps, and moss mushroom grows in mosses.

Other mushrooms are named after the trees under which they grow. The boletus grows under a birch, the oak grows under an oak, the boletus grows under an aspen.

Still others look like some kind of animal. Red chanterelles - for a chanterelle-sister, a pig - for a plump pig, and a blackberry mushroom - for a prickly hedgehog.

Mushroom picking rules

It seems to be a simple matter to cut a mushroom and put it in a basket, but lovers of "quiet hunting" must remember and observe a few important rules mushroom picker, so that forest gifts bring joy, not trouble.

FIRST, learn to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible ones. If you notice a poisonous mushroom, do not pick it, do not cut it with a knife, do not knock it down with a stick. Better bypass it. By the way, some poisonous mushrooms, dangerous to human health, cure diseases of animals and birds.

SECONDLY, collect only those mushrooms that you are familiar with. Never cut unfamiliar mushrooms!

THIRD, do not put wormy, slug-eaten, overripe mushrooms in the box. Poisonous substances are formed in such mushrooms, these mushrooms can be poisoned!

FOURTHLY, never pick mushrooms in city squares, parks, front gardens, on boulevards, as well as mushrooms that have grown near highways.

Why?

Yes, because mushrooms, like sponges, absorb all the harmful substances that accumulate in the soil and are found in polluted air.

In order not to frighten off good luck, friends jokingly wish the hunters: “No fluff, no feather”, fishermen: “No tail, no fin”, and let's wish the mushroom pickers: “No hat, no root”. Let the mushrooms catch your eye, and do not hide under leaves and needles, do not run away for stumps and trees.

Questions for consolidation

1. What is a mushroom?

2. How mushrooms differ from other plants.

3. What mushrooms do you know?

4. Why is mushroom picking called "silent hunting"?

5. How to dress properly when going to the forest to pick mushrooms?

6. Where better to put harvested mushrooms? Why?

7. How to cut mushrooms?

8. In what months of the year do mushroom pickers harvest mushrooms?

9. Why are mushrooms called "living compasses"?

10. What mushrooms are called tubular?

11. What mushrooms are called "forest werewolves" and why?

12. What mushrooms do squirrels and badgers store?

13. What animals like to treat themselves to mushrooms?

14. What little secrets do mushroom pickers know?

My favorite mushroom is camelina Report to the topic: Mushrooms. The world. Grade 3

My favorite mushroom is ginger

I love pickled mushrooms. And camelina is the best mushroom for pickling. Grandmother salts mushrooms in large glass jars. And then, in winter, we eat them with the whole family.

Ginger - very beautiful mushroom. It is bright orange in color. For this he was called a redhead.

It belongs to the hat mushrooms because it has a hat and a stump.

Ryzhik belongs to agaric mushrooms, because it has plates at the bottom of the cap.

When cut or broken, it releases orange juice. In the air, the damaged hemp or cap turns green.

Ryzhik is an edible mushroom. It belongs to the first category of mushrooms. This is one of the most valuable mushrooms. It can be eaten salted, pickled and pickled.

You can collect mushrooms from July to October. Grow mushrooms in pine forests. But there are also spruce mushrooms.

Despite the bright coloring, it is not easy to find a camelina in the forest. Mushrooms hide in thick grass. However, they do not grow alone. Therefore, if there is one saffron milk cap, there will definitely be a whole family nearby.

You need to choose not the largest mushrooms, because not only people love mushrooms, but also worms. They are usually found in large old mushrooms.

Ryzhik must be carefully cut with a knife so as not to damage the mycelium. Then in a year new mushrooms will grow in the same place.

Back forward

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Back forward

Target: To promote the formation of ideas about mushrooms as a special kingdom of wildlife.

Tasks:

To study the types of mushrooms (hat, moldy, yeast)
To form students' knowledge about the structure of the fungus and its functions.
To promote the formation of skills to recognize mushrooms.
Encourage students to take care of nature.
To promote the development of cognitive interest and creative imagination.

During the classes

I. Motivational and organizational moment.

Long awaited call
The bell rings for the lesson
Every day, always, everywhere
In the classroom and in the game,
We speak boldly
And we sit quietly.

Knowledge update.

1) Illustration “Forest” (Presentation 1, slide 2)

What is shown in the illustration? (forest, nature)

What nature is depicted? (living and non-living)

What is depicted from the world of wildlife? (plants, animals)

(the diagram is drawn up on the board during the lesson)

2) Definition of the topic of the lesson. (Presentation 1, slide 3)

The gifts of the forest are rich. But in the forest among the grass, under the roots, on fallen trees, in the hollow of a tree, an extraordinary kingdom was hidden.

What kind of kingdom could this be? (children's suggestions are heard)

Words will help to unravel the name of this kingdom.

What assumptions arise?

What is the name of this group of words?

What can you say about them?

What unites words?

From what word did they form?

What conclusion can be drawn?

What kingdom is hidden in the grass, under the roots of trees? (mushrooms)

Did you make correct guesses at the beginning of the lesson?

Who can name the topic of the lesson?

Lesson topic: “Mushrooms”

What is a mushroom? (we listen to the assumptions, opinions of students)

What words can't explain the meaning? (mycelium)

(put a question mark over words whose meaning is unknown)

Which of you collected mushrooms?

Let's see what mushroom pickers you are.

What mushrooms do you know?

Are all mushrooms the same?

To which world of nature do we attribute mushrooms? Why?

II. Goal setting. (Presentation 1, slide 4)

What else can we to know about mushrooms?

What questions arise?

What learning objectives will we set for ourselves in the lesson?

1. Find out what mushrooms are?

2. Find out where you can find mushrooms? Where do they grow?

3. Find out what a mycelium is?

4. Find out what parts the mushroom consists of?

5. What world of wildlife do they belong to?

6. Can mushrooms be grown at home?

What can we learn ? (Presentation 1, slide 5)

1. Distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible mushrooms.

2. Learn to recognize mushrooms.

III. Executive block.

1. - Where do mushrooms grow? (Presentation 1, slide 6)

What parts of plants do you know? (root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits)

Do mushrooms have these parts?

What is the dominant color in plants?

Do mushrooms have this color? (Do not have a green color)

Plants create themselves nutrients for your growth. Fungi cannot make their own food. They feed on ready-made nutrients.

Can we attribute mushrooms to the plant world?

Conclusion: We cannot attribute mushrooms to either the plant world or the animal world. Mushrooms are a separate large group of wildlife.

How can we check the correctness of our assumption? (output)

(refer to textbook)

Work on the textbook "The world around" p.23. We prove the correctness of the conclusion by getting acquainted with the rule.

Which of the learning tasks were you able to answer? (Mushrooms are mushrooms, in nature this is a separate kingdom - kingdom mushrooms.) We supplement the scheme.

2. Work in pairs. (Presentation 1, slide 7)

1) Classification.(Each desk has an envelope with illustrations of mushrooms).

Target: To promote the formation of skills to recognize various groups of mushrooms: hat, moldy, yeast.

Guys, we found out that you know a lot of mushrooms. You are good mushroom pickers. It is very important for each mushroom picker to be able to recognize and distribute mushrooms into groups, which ones are for salting, which ones are for drying and cooking.

Your tasks now are:

distribute mushrooms into groups;
find out what mushrooms are.

Look carefully at the illustrations.

What groups did you get?

Do all the illustrations fit the theme of our lesson?

What illustrations do not suit you? Why do you think so?

Who doubts?

Who thinks that all illustrations are suitable?

How can we resolve our conflicts?

Where can we find an explanation for the contradiction that has arisen?

(Refer to the tutorial for help)

2) Work on the textbook "The world around" p.21.

Look at the illustrations (the illustrations in the textbook correspond to the illustrations for working in pairs). Read the inscriptions.

Textbook page 22.

Can we say that all the illustrations depict mushrooms?

Can we call mold a fungus? Why do you think so?

Conclusion:

All illustrations in the textbook depict mushrooms. This means that there are no extra pictures with the image of mushrooms for classification. All pictures are related to the topic of our lesson.

Who can now correctly distribute pictures of mushrooms into groups?

How many groups did you get? (It turned out three groups: yeast, hat and moldy mushrooms)

What was the purpose of the task? (distributed mushrooms into three groups and found out what mushrooms are) (Presentation 1, slide 8)

We add the scheme.

Where do the mushrooms of each group grow?

Where can you find moldy mushrooms? (We show students an apple, moldy bread, food at home)

Used in medicine for the manufacture of medicines.

What mushrooms can be grown at home? (moldy)

Which hat mushrooms shown in the pictures?

Where do they grow?

What learning problem could you answer? (Learned what mushrooms are. Did you find out where you can find mushrooms and where they grow? We note)

3) Study.

Guys, do you think we can grow mushrooms now in the lesson?

I suggest doing research.

How is research done?

Research structure.

1. Selection of a hypothesis.

2. Selection of material.

3. Testing the hypothesis.

(The structure is written on the blackboard)

Hypothesis: during the lesson we will grow mushrooms (or not).

Target: find out if you can grow mushrooms during the lesson?

Tasks:

1. Find out which mushrooms you can grow.

2. Learn what you need to grow mushrooms at home.

3. Determine how long it will take us to grow mushrooms.

4. Have time to grow mushrooms during the lesson.

What can you say about yeast mushrooms?

Who knows the word yeast? Where did you hear?

(We show a bag of baker's yeast)

What can be associated with the word "yeast"? Where is it used? What is yeast used for?

Conclusion: yeast is used by mothers and grandmothers, cooks in the preparation of dough for pies, bread.

Guys, I have a glass of warm water.

What do you think will happen if we pour the yeast from the bag into a glass of water into it? Let's find out.

(The teacher pours yeast into the water. Puts the glass aside. Continues the lesson.)

Fizminutka (Presentation 1, slide 9)

What questions were answered?

What have you already learned?

What's left to know?

4. Work in groups. “The structure of the mushroom” mini-project

I found them in the forest
And now I'm taking it home
You see a full basket.
Let's fry them with potatoes.

(teacher shows a basket with mock mushrooms)

A whole basket of mushrooms. What beautiful mushroom caps!

What else is a mushroom made of?

Guys, we need to determine the structure of each mushroom in the basket.

How do we organize the work in order to quickly learn the structure of the fungus? (work in groups)

What was the purpose of the groups? For what? (Find out the structure of mushrooms.)

Let's complete the mini-project “Structure of mushrooms” (Presentation 1, slide 10)

Target: create a poster “The structure of mushrooms”

1) (A representative from each group comes up and chooses a mushroom. Receives an envelope with an illustration of a mushroom. (N / a: “Boletus”, “Cep mushroom”).

The envelope has a group work plan and a work presentation plan: (slide 11)

1. Consider and study the illustration “Structure of a mushroom” in the textbook p.22.

2. Gather your mushroom.

3. Draw the missing part of the mushroom.

4. Determine and write the name of the mushroom (textbook), sign the name of the parts of the mushroom.

5. Tell us about the mushroom according to the plan: the purpose of the work, the name of the mushroom, the subject, what it consists of, what the mycelium is used for, edible or inedible.

Let's repeat the rules of working in a group.

Rules.

We work together; we don't make noise; we speak and listen to the opinions of others.

How would you rate the work of your group?

Excellent - show the blue circle;
something went wrong - red.

2) Performance of groups, presentation of work. ( Appendix 2)

(We repeat the rules of listening.)

Did we manage to find out the structure of the fungus?

What is the part of the fungus that grows on the ground called? (Presentation 1, slide 12)

What does the underground part of the fungus look like?

What question did you find answered? (Did you find out what parts a mushroom consists of? Did you find out what a mycelium is?)

3) Edible and non-edible mushrooms.

Are all mushrooms edible in our mini project?

What other edible mushrooms do you know?

What poisonous mushrooms do you know?

Where can we find more detailed information to a question? (in textbook)

(Work according to textbook p.23)

We add the scheme.

What edible mushrooms are mentioned in the textbook? (tinder, butterdish, morel, white mushroom, chanterelles, boletus, honey mushrooms, boletus, volnushka) (Presentation 1, slide 13)

What poisonous mushrooms are found in nature? (pale toadstool, satanic mushroom, gall mushroom, fly agaric) (Presentation 1, slide 14)

Can you tell edible mushrooms from non-edible ones?

Can poisonous mushrooms be beneficial?

Staging "Amanita" (presentation of a creative project)

And why am I not good? What other mushroom has such a beautiful hat? Red with white spots...

You still don’t forget to say about the ring on the leg, just like a skirt.

Well, there is so much anger in me, it’s scary to think! Even flies die from me. They fall dead. Therefore, I am poisonous. I'm called fly agaric. At one time, Baba Yaga instead of flypapers from flies hung in her hut.

Yes, since you are like that, no one wants to be friends with you! Mushroom pickers bypass. Not that we are russula - they immediately notice and stack the basket.

I dream of getting into a basket with edible mushrooms at least once.

If they weren’t so poisonous, the mushroom pickers would put you in a basket, and the animals wouldn’t pass by, otherwise you were of no use.

And that's not true! For some animals, I am the cure. They are treated by me, for example, moose. I help pines, firs, birches and other plants to grow, absorb water from the soil and send water with dissolved salts to the tree. I also decorate the forest. This is also important. Therefore, we cannot be trampled and kicked!

(“Amanita” shows signs, “Russula” poster with an inscription)

What did you learn from the scene?

Can poisonous mushrooms be useful?

What questions have we not answered? (learned to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible mushrooms. Learned to recognize mushrooms)

What question remains to be answered? (Is it possible to grow mushrooms at home?)

(Let's guys continue our research and see what happens in a glass of yeast.)

What do we see? (Yeast rose in a glass. We poured dry yeast into a glass of water. Thanks to the water, yeast fungi began to grow, they say they still rise. They grew and filled the entire glass. They are edible, you can taste them).

What did we learn from the research?

As a result of the research, we learned that yeast mushrooms can be grown during the lesson. To grow mushrooms at home, you need warm water and dry yeast. It took us 15 minutes.

Conclusion: we were able to grow mushrooms during the lesson.

Our hypothesis was confirmed (or not confirmed).

IV. Control and evaluation block.

Guess the riddle, color the riddle (each student has a card with the image of mushrooms Fig. 1)

Let's check what hat mushrooms you know.

I'm growing up in a red cap (Slide 15)
Among aspen roots
You will recognize me from a mile away
My name is ... (Boletus)

Red mushroom on a thin stalk (Slide 16)
Ran up the slope
And he said: “I want a basket” -
And in response to him Antoshka
We don’t need ... (Fly agaric)

I do not argue - not white. (Slide 17)
I, brothers, are simpler.
I usually grow
In a birch grove. (boletus)

They walk in red-haired berets (Slide 18)
Autumn is brought to the forest in summer
Very friendly sisters
Golden ... (chanterelles)

To which group do these fungi belong? (hatted)

Choose the correct answer. (Slide 19)

(students choose an answer and show a signal card with a red, blue or green circle)

hat, leg, mushroom
cap, trunk, mushroom
cap, mushroom body, mycelium

Independent work. (Slide 20)

Match the picture with the view. Color the circle with the desired color.

moldy
yeast
hat

4) Solve the crossword . (Presentation 2, Annex 1)

1. A mushroom that grows under an aspen.

2. He loves birches.

3. Red mushroom.

4. This mushroom has a wave on its hat.

5. This mushroom can be eaten raw.

(1. boletus, 2. boletus, 3. camelina, 4. volnushka, 5. russula)

V. Summary. Reflection

What questions were answered in the lesson?

What did you find out?

What have you learned?

Did you find answers to all questions?

What was the most interesting?

What difficulties did you encounter?

Tell us what we learned today in the lesson about the special kingdom of mushrooms, based on the helper diagram. (Scheme 3)

1. Everything worked out, I am satisfied with myself, I learned a lot of new things and I can tell another.

2. I understood, I learned something new, I worked well, but I can’t tell another.

3. I did not understand anything, it was not interesting.

Homework.

1. Textbook pp. 21-24

2. Try growing moldy mushrooms at home.

3. Make a book - baby "Forest basket", "Unusual mushrooms", "Poisonous mushrooms" (optional)

Literature

1. Vinogradova N.F. The world around: textbook. for grade 2 for students of educational institutions: at 2 pm / N.F. Vinogradov. - 2nd ed., - M .: Ventana - Graf, 2011 - ( Primary School XXI century).

2. N.F. Vinogradova World around: Grade 2: Workbook for students of educational institutions: at 2 o'clock - M .: Ventana-Count. 2011 - (Elementary school of the XXI century).

3. I'm going to a lesson in elementary school: Natural history. The book for the teacher. - M. Publishing house "First of September", 2001.

Internet resources

http://kladraz.ru/ - riddles
- boletus
www.liveinternet.ru - fly agaric
- boletus
https://www.google.ru/search?q - tinder fungus
- wave
www.udec.ru - boletus
u - boletus

The kingdom of mushrooms is very diverse. Scientists know about 100 thousand species of these organisms.

The mushrooms that we usually see in the forest consist of a cap and a stem. And under the ground, thin white threads stretch in different directions from the legs. This is a mycelium - the underground part of the fungus. It absorbs water from the soil with mineral salts dissolved in it. Fungi cannot make their own food like plants can. They absorb nutrients from the dead remains of plants and animals in the soil. At the same time, fungi contribute to the destruction of the remains of organisms and the formation of humus.

Many mushrooms in the forest are closely related to trees (see Figure 2). The threads of the mycelium grow together with the roots of trees and help them absorb water and salt from the soil. In return, fungi receive from plants the nutrients that plants produce in the light. So mushrooms and trees help each other.

And the forest also needs mushrooms because many forest animals feed on them. Mushrooms are the wealth of the forest. Treat them with care! Some types of mushrooms are included in the Red Book of Russia. They need special protection.

Mushrooms from the Red Book of Russia

Mushrooms edible and non-edible

Many edible and non-edible mushrooms are very similar, so children can only pick mushrooms with adults. Compare and learn to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms.

1. Read the descriptions of twin mushrooms carefully. Find them in the picture. Highlight the distinguishing features.

Porcini.

Gall fungus (false white). The hat is pink below, on the leg there is a pattern in the form of a black mesh, the flesh turns pink on the cut. Not poisonous, but very bitter mushroom!

Autumn honey agaric.

False honeycomb brick-red. The hat is dark below, there is no ring on the stem, the flesh is yellowish with an unpleasant odor. Poison mushroom!

Champignon.

Death cap. The hat is white below, with a torn pouch on the stem below. Deadly poisonous mushroom!

2. Read the mushroom picking rules. Which of them are already known to you, and which are new? Always follow these rules.

How to pick mushrooms

Collect only those mushrooms that you know well. After all, there are many poisonous mushrooms.
When looking for mushrooms, do not tear or scatter foliage, moss. The mushroom picker, being under the rays of the sun, can dry out and die.
In order not to damage the mycelium, it is best to cut the mushrooms with a knife.
No need to take old mushrooms. They can be poisonous to humans.
You can not pick mushrooms near highways and industrial enterprises, in city squares. These fungi accumulate harmful substances that are emitted into the environment by cars and enterprises.

check yourself

What are the parts of a mushroom? Find these parts on the diagram.
How are mushrooms related to trees?
What is the importance of mushrooms in the forest?
What are edible and inedible mushrooms?
How to pick mushrooms correctly?

Homework assignments

Write in the dictionary: mycelium, edible mushrooms, inedible mushrooms.
In the book "The Giant in the Clearing" read the story "Who needs a fly agaric." Did Seryozha want to do well?
Using the atlas-determinant, mold several edible and inedible mushrooms from plasticine. Try to convey their distinctive features.

Pages for the curious

Who are microbes?

Microbes (microorganisms) are tiny creatures not visible to the naked eye. Their name comes from the Greek word "mik-ros" - small.

Microbes include bacteria, tiny fungi (not the ones we see in the forest) and some other organisms.

Among the bacteria are dangerous to humans, such as bacteria that cause tonsillitis or dysentery. But not all bacteria are pathogenic. So, in the human intestine live bacteria that help digest and assimilate food. If they die, the person will get sick.

Some products - curdled milk, yogurt - are obtained as a result of the work of bacteria that settle in milk.

The most famous microscopic fungi are yeasts. They are added to the dough when baking bread, pies, pancakes.

In the next lesson

We learn that every living being participates in a single circulation of substances on our planet. Let's learn how to build a model of the circulation of substances.

Remember what kingdoms scientists divide living nature into.

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