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Reserve Stolby Spitsyn Yuri, 8th grade, GBOU school No. 104, Vyborg district of St. Petersburg. Teacher Shizhenskaya N.N.

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What is a reserve? reserve - one of the categories of specially protected natural areas exclusively federal significance, completely removed from economic use in order to preserve natural processes and phenomena, rare and unique natural systems, plant and animal species;

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Location State nature reserve“Pillars” - located on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan, bordering the Central Siberian Plateau.

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The natural boundaries of the protected area are the right tributaries of the river. Yenisei: in the northeast - the Bazaikha river, in the south and southwest - the Mana and Bolshaya Slizneva rivers. From the northeast, the territory borders the city of Krasnoyarsk; a city bus runs to the border of the reserve. The reserve was founded in 1925 on the initiative of city residents to preserve natural complexes around the picturesque syenite outcrops - “pillars”. Currently, its area is 47,219 hectares. Submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage List, awaiting its turn.

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Flora The flora of the reserve includes about 740 vascular plants and 260 species of mosses. Prevails fir taiga, typical for the middle mountains of the Eastern Sayans. Species listed in the Red Book of Russia: Plants: calypso bulbosa, lady's slipper and grandiflora, palmate root, cape flower, captillus orchis, feather grass;

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Fauna 290 species of vertebrate animals have been identified on the territory of the reserve. The fauna has a pronounced taiga appearance ( forest voles, sable, musk deer, hazel grouse, etc.) with the inclusion of forest-steppe species (Siberian roe deer, steppe polecat, long-tailed gopher, etc.). Species listed in the Red Book of Russia: Birds: osprey, golden eagle, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, etc. sable peregrine falcon

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Relief The Lower Devonian pink-red syenite rocks took on the most bizarre shapes as a result of erosion. Their height above the plateau is 40 - 100 meters. One of the pillars looks like a giant bird and is called Golden Eagle, the other - like the half-opened wing of a bird - Feathers, the third - like a statue of a bearded old man in a hat with earflaps - Grandfather. The Lion Gate pillar, formed by a vault of interlocking blocks, resembles the Cyclopean Lion Gate in ancient Mycenae. Lion Gate

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Climate The climate of the reserve is determined by its position on the spurs of the Eastern Sayan and is noticeably different from the climate of Krasnoyarsk, which lies nearby, but in the steppe basin. The average annual temperature in Stolby is -1.2o, i.e. 2.1o lower than in Krasnoyarsk, mainly due to summer period. Winter in the reserve, on the contrary, is milder due to winter inversions.

Abstract on the topic:

Stolby (reserve)

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Flora and fauna
• 2 Tourism
• 3 History of research
Notes
Literature

Introduction

State Nature Reserve "Stolby"- located on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan, bordering the Central Siberian Plateau.

The natural boundaries of the protected area are the right tributaries of the river. Yenisei: in the northeast - the Bazaikha river, in the south and southwest - the Mana and Bolshaya Sliznyovka rivers. From the northeast, the territory borders on the city of Krasnoyarsk. The reserve was founded in 1925 on the initiative of city residents to preserve natural complexes around the picturesque syenite outcrops - “pillars”. Currently, its area is 47,219 hectares.

Submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage List, awaiting its turn.

1. Flora and fauna

"First pillar"

The flora of the reserve includes about 740 vascular plants and 260 species of mosses. The fir taiga, typical of the middle mountains of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, predominates.

290 species of vertebrate animals have been identified on the territory of the reserve. The fauna has a distinct taiga appearance (forest voles, sable, musk deer, hazel grouse, etc.) with the inclusion of forest-steppe species (Siberian roe deer, steppe polecat, long-tailed ground squirrel, etc.).

Species listed in the Red Book of Russia:

• Plants: calypso bulbosa, lady's slipper and grandiflora, palmate root, cape flower, orchis caprata, feather grass;
• Birds: osprey, golden eagle, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, etc.

2. Tourism

The main attraction of the reserve are the rocks. The common name for all rocks is “Pillars,” although all rocks and even some stones have their own names. A distinction is made between "Pillars" - rocks open to tourists, and "Wild Pillars" - rocks located in the depths of the reserve, access to which is limited.

Residents of Krasnoyarsk have been visiting Stolby for more than 150 years to active rest, playing sports. During this time, stolbism arose and took shape.

The places visited by tourists can be divided into three areas.

• Funpark "Beaver Log", a chairlift starting in the valley of the Bazaikhi River, runs along the ski slope and ends at the top of the ridge, from where a magnificent panorama of the reserve and many rocks opens. The largest rock complex in the reserve, Takmak, is located in close proximity.

Rock "Feathers"

• “Central Pillars” is an area 7 km from the border of the reserve, accessible by public transport, occupying an area of ​​approximately 5x10 km. Here are unique rocks of their kind: Grandfather, Feathers, Lion Gate, Pillars I to IV and many others. The most popular passages to the top of the rock have their own names: “Blue Coils”, “Chimney”. Stolbists say that before the revolution, the Bolsheviks wrote the word “Freedom” on the largest Second Pillar (now it is periodically updated by enthusiasts), and due to the complexity of the path to the top, the guardians of the law were unable to erase this inscription.
• The “Chinese Wall” is located in the valley of the Bazaikhi River, at the foot of Takmak. Mostly columnists come here. In addition to the “China Wall” itself, in this area there is the Ermak rock and a group of small rocks “Sparrows” - Tsypa, Zhaba, etc.

In the part of the reserve immediately adjacent to the city, in the Bazaikhi valley, there are several ski slopes. The main ones are “Beaver Log” and “Kashtak”.

3. History of research

"Second pillar"

"Pillars" was visited by Daniil Gottlieb Messerschmidt in 1720-1727. During his 7-year exploration of Siberia, he stopped in Krasnoyarsk three times.

1733-1734 Vitus Bering visits Stolby.

In 1735, “Pillars” were visited by members of the land detachment of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, naturalists, naturalists, Academician Johann Georg Gmelin and his assistant (future academician) Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov (Kamchatsky).

1771-1773. The largest researcher of Siberia, professor, visits Stolby natural history Peter Simon Pallas. Lived in Krasnoyarsk for about a year, working on the monographs “Travel to Different Provinces” Russian Empire", "Description of plants of the Russian state" "Russian-Asian zoogeography".

In the 30s of the 19th century, a gold rush began in Siberia. Gold is mined at Stolby. The name “Roev Ruchey” remains from the activities of the prospectors - from the word “ dig».

1833 Inventory of furs obtained at Stolby: 67 sables, 43 foxes and up to a thousand skins of other animals.

In the 70-80s of the 19th century, teacher of the Krasnoyarsk gymnasium I. T. Savenkov began school excursions to “Pillars”. Savenkov creates a topographical sketch of the outskirts of Krasnoyarsk, which will later become the starting work for all aspiring geologists in Siberia. In 1886 he published a work on geological structure outskirts of Krasnoyarsk.

From the late 1940s to beginning of the XXI century, 16 collections of scientific works were published. The influence of atmospheric pollution and recreational use on taiga ecosystems.

In 2000, the “Living Corner” of the Stolby Nature Reserve became the basis of the Roev Ruchey Zoo.

Notes

1. 1 2 State Nature Reserve "Krasnoyarsk Pillars" - www.stolby.ru/GPZ/

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/10/11 20:14:53
Similar abstracts:

What is a reserve? A reserve is one of the categories of specially protected
natural areas exclusively federal
values, completely removed from the economic
use for the purpose of preserving natural processes
and phenomena, rare and unique natural systems,
species of plants and animals;

Location

State natural
reserve "Stolby" - located
on the northwestern spurs
Eastern Sayan, bordering
Central Siberian Plateau.

The natural boundaries of the protected area are the right tributaries of the river.
Yenisei: in the northeast - the Bazaikha river, in the south and southwest - the Mana and
Big Slizneva. From the northeast, the territory borders with the city of Krasnoyarsk, up to
There is a city bus running along the borders of the reserve. The reserve was founded in 1925
on the initiative of city residents to preserve the natural complexes around
picturesque syenite remains - “pillars”. Currently it
area - 47,219 hectares.
Submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage List, awaiting its
queues.

Flora

The flora of the reserve includes about 740
vascular plants and 260 species of mosses.
Fir taiga predominates, typical of
middle mountains of the Eastern Sayans.
Species listed in the Red Book of Russia:
Plants: calypso bulbosa,
real and large-colored shoes,
May palm root,
nest flower,
helmeted orchis, feather feather grass
;

Fauna

On the territory of the reserve
290 species identified
vertebrates.
The fauna is bright
pronounced taiga appearance
(forest voles, sable,
musk deer, hazel grouse, etc.) with
inclusion of forest-steppe
species (Siberian roe deer,
steppe polecat,
long-tailed ground squirrel, etc.).
Species listed in the Red
book of Russia:
Birds: osprey, golden eagle, saker
n, peregrine falcon, etc.
sable
Peregrine Falcon

Steppe polecat
Musk deer
Grouse
Wood vole

Golden eagle
Saker Falcon
Long-tailed
gopher
Siberian roe deer

Osprey

Relief

Lower Devonian pink-red syenite rocks in re
As a result of erosion, the most
bizarre shapes. Their height
over the plateau - 40 - 100
meters. One of the pillars looks like
on a giant bird and
called Berkut, the other is called
half-opened wing of a bird
- Feathers, the third - for the statue
a bearded old man in a hat - Grandfather. Lion Pillar
Gate formed by a vault
of closed blocks, reminds
Cyclopean Lion Gate
in ancient Mycenae.
Lion Gate

Climate

Climate of the reserve
be determined by its position
on the spurs of the Eastern Sayan
and noticeably different from
climate of Krasnoyarsk,
lying nearby, but in
steppe basin. Average
annual temperature in
“Stolbakh” -1.2o, i.e.
2.1o lower than in
Krasnoyarsk, main
way due to the summer
period. Winter in
reserve, on the contrary,
softer thanks to winter
inversions.

The soil

The composition of the soil cover, except for zonal
mountain podzolic soils, includes intrazonal
soil types, namely: mountain sod-podzolic,
developed mainly under aspen forests on
valley gentle slopes; mountain podzolic gley soils occupying the lower parts of the slopes,
adjacent to the riverbeds mountain rivers, and thalwegs
temporarily flooded valleys; mountain swamp
soils stretching in narrow strips along river beds,
and mountain underdeveloped soils with moss cover
on well-drained positive forms
relief.

Important!

Let's take care and love together
the nature of our country, to live in
harmony with it, create conditions
for flora and fauna

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were a legend of Stolbov. It should be noted that they did not wear bright Stolbov outfits. These guys wore civilian clothes. Lukanin always wore trousers, and Borodushkin sported checkered breeches. Lukan's silk shirt was always fresh and looked like it had just been ironed. When they reached the cordon where the forester Uncle Kolya Tyamyshev lived, Vena cut a branch, made “hangers”, hung a shirt on it and carried it to Perushka. There the shirt hung on a nail in a certain place. And only when on the way back we entered “the civilized world” did Lukanin solemnly put it on. Borodushkin always wore a white T-shirt, which amazed us with its whiteness and did not have a single spot on it. He tied a colored silk scarf around his neck. In this outfit, he most closely resembled a rich Yankee who had arrived at Stolby on an excursion. He even asked me to teach him a few phrases in English, which he said loudly as we passed by a group of random tourists. This plunged them into a state of complete amazement.