Collecting stitches - “silent hunt” or “Russian roulette”? What they look like, where they grow, and is it possible to eat autumn stitches? Autumn stitch description.

Edible mushroom black morel has fragile fruiting bodies 5-12 cm high, 4-7 cm wide. Cellular conical, ovoid or pear-shaped cap, occupying 2/3 of the mushroom in height, dark brown or black with light brown cells. The leg is hollow, fragile, white with a granular surface. The pulp is fragile, not bitter and not pungent. There is no milky juice.

Look at the edible morel mushrooms in the photo and remember what they look like in order to distinguish them from poisonous species:

Morel mushroom growing in mixed forest
Edible black morel mushroom

Grows in coniferous and mixed forests. Prefers limestone soil.
Black morel occurs in early spring. In central Russia, its fruiting occurs on May 10-20, immediately after the wave of fruiting lines. Black morel is quickly damaged by fungus gnats (“worms”), so you need to have time to collect it immediately after the start of fruiting. Fruits abundantly in pine forests after fires. It grows on or near fire pits.
Black morel poisonous doubles does not have.
No pre-boiling required. It tastes best after cooking for 10 minutes.

Common stitch mushroom (with photo)

The common string mushroom is conditionally edible, its fragile fruiting bodies are 4-12 cm high and wide, hollow with a brown, chestnut or yellow-chestnut cap. The cap is brain-folded, like the inside walnut, irregular in shape with internal cavities in fairly thick pulp. The pulp is light, without bitterness and odorless. The leg is white, sometimes pink, also with cavities.

It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, most often in small ravines and roadside holes.

Look at the photos of line mushrooms of this type - they show appearance at different periods of development:

Common stitch in mixed forest
Common stitch mushroom

Found from late April to mid-May.

There are no poisonous doubles.

In Russia they eat it. After pre-boiling for 15 minutes and draining, it is boiled in salt water or fried. The smell of boiled lines is mushroom. The taste of the boiled mushroom is good, the consistency is pleasant. In France and Germany, the common string is considered a poisonous mushroom.

Autumn stitch mushroom: photo and description

If you read the description, the autumn stitch mushroom is considered inedible. Fragile fruiting bodies are 6-15 cm high and 4-8 cm wide, hollow with a light brown, dark brown or purple-brown cap. The irregularly shaped cap consists of blades and cavities. The pulp is thin, fragile, light, without bitterness and odorless. The leg is light brown with a finely fleecy surface, also with cavities. The autumn stitching is not damaged by insects.

Look at this mushroom line in the photo and in the description, you should remember it and not try to eat it:

The autumn stitch mushroom grows on stumps overgrown with moss
String mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed forests

Grows in deciduous and mixed forests on destroyed stumps and trunks overgrown with moss or on the ground near them. Autumn stitch is a tree mushroom.

Found from late August until frost.

It has no poisonous counterparts.

The mushroom is considered inedible. However, in Russia they eat it. After pre-boiling for 15 minutes and draining the water, it is boiled in salt water or fried. The smell of boiled lines is mushroom.

Autumn line ( lat. Gyromitra infula).

Other names:

Autumn lobster
Infula infula-like
Gyromitra
Helvella infula
Helvella infula-like
String horned
Gyromitra inviolable
Smarzhok
Helvella infula

The autumn line is directly related to the genus of lobes (or Helvel). In Russia, this species (autumn line), and scientifically, it is the lobe-like infula or Helvella infula-like, is considered the most widespread of this entire genus of lobes (or Helvel). Therefore, unlike other mushrooms of this family, it has found its sonorous Russian name- autumn line. And this mushroom received the nickname “autumn” because of its peculiarity of growing in late summer - early autumn, in contrast to its fellow tribesmen, the “spring” lines (common line, giant line), which grow in early spring. And it has another difference from them - the autumn line contains a much larger amount of poisons and toxins.

The autumn line refers to marsupial fungi.

Cap: usually up to 10 cm wide, folded, brown, becoming brownish-blackish with age, with a velvety surface. The shape of the cap is horn-saddle-shaped (more often found in the form of three fused horns), the edges of the cap are fused with the stem. The autumn line hat is folded, irregular and incomprehensible in shape. The color of the cap ranges from light brown in young mushrooms to brown-black in adults, with a velvety surface.

Leg: 3-10 cm long, up to 1.5 cm wide, hollow, often laterally flattened, color can vary from whitish to brownish-grayish.
Its leg is cylindrical, thickened at the bottom and hollow inside, waxy white-gray in color.

Pulp: fragile, cartilaginous, thin, whitish, wax-like, without much odor, very similar to the pulp of related species, for example, the common string, which grows in early spring.

Habitat: Found sporadically in July, but active growth begins in late August. Often found in small groups of 4-7 specimens in conifers and deciduous forests on the soil, as well as on the remains of rotting wood.

Autumn moth likes to grow in either coniferous or deciduous forests, sometimes singly, sometimes in small families, and preferably on or near rotting wood. It can be found everywhere temperate zone Europe and Russia. Its main fruiting period occurs at the end of July and lasts until the end of September.

Edibility: Although it is possible to eat the autumn stitch, it is worth noting that, like the common stitch, it is deadly poisonous in its raw form. If prepared incorrectly, it can cause very serious poisoning. You should not eat it often, since the toxins it contains have cumulative properties and can accumulate in the body.
A conditionally edible mushroom, category 4, used for food after boiling (15-20 minutes, drain the water) or drying. In its raw form it is deadly poisonous.

Research carried out by mycologists different countries, showed that these lines contain toxic protein substances - gyrometrin and methylhydrazine, which, once in the human body, can cause poisoning and even death. It depends on the age of the mushroom. The fact is that the lines grow and ripen very slowly, so that both young mushrooms and overripe ones, several weeks old, can simultaneously fall into one basket. They apparently contain a higher content of toxic substances. The poison gyrometrin does not dissolve in hot water; it can only be removed by drying the mushrooms for 3-4 weeks. Remember, the stitches can be eaten only after drying.

Some primary sources even consider the autumn string to be a deadly poisonous mushroom. But this is not, at all, the case of poisoning with fatal autumn lines have not yet been registered. And the degree of poisoning by them, as well as by all mushrooms of this family, greatly depends on the quantity and frequency of their use. That’s why it is extremely undesirable to use autumn stitch as food, otherwise you can get serious food poisoning with very, very sad consequences. It is because of this that the autumn line is related to inedible mushrooms. Science knows that the toxicity of stitches is largely determined by temperature and climate indicators and directly depends on the places where they grow. And the warmer the climate conditions are, the more poisonous these mushrooms will become. That is why, in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, with their warm climate, absolutely all the lines belong to poisonous mushrooms, and in Russia, with its much colder climate, only autumn lines are considered inedible which, in contrast to the “spring” lines (ordinary and giant), growing early in the spring, begin their active development and maturation after period warm summer, on warm soil and, therefore, manage to collect enough a large number of dangerous, poisonous substances so that they can be declared unfit for human consumption.

Written by Nikolay Budnik and Elena Mekk.

The autumn line is also called the Blade. Both names reflect the characteristics of the mushroom. It grows in the fall in September - October, and its cap looks like the blades of some strange fan.

Although this mushroom is conditionally edible (conditionally poisonous), we do not collect it. At this time many others are growing delicious mushrooms. This mushroom contains poison - gyrometrin. Mandatory boiling is required, draining the water and rinsing in cold water, or drying followed by aging for several months. During this time, gyrometrine disappears.

1. Autumn stitch can sometimes be found on Ulom Zheleznaya.

2. This is a rather strangely shaped mushroom.

3. His hat curves bizarrely...

4. ...forming several blades.

5. That’s why the mushroom is also called the lobed mushroom.

6. It differs from spring stitching primarily in the shape of the cap.

7. It is not brain-shaped, but lobed.

8. And the leg is much longer than that of the spring stitch.

9. Although the autumn line is a large mushroom,...

10. ...it’s completely empty inside.

11. Therefore, there is actually very little “meat” in the mushroom...

12. ...and the mushroom itself is very light.

13. Sometimes autumn lines look like strange butterflies.

14. Despite their fragile appearance, mushrooms can withstand repeated frosts.

15. They grow until stable frosts.

16. Autumn lines love mixed forests.

17. They are usually found either on the edges,...

18. ...or in a thinned forest.

19. Most often, mushrooms can be seen on fallen trunks.

20. They also grow on stumps...

21. ...and on the ground near the rotting wood.

22. Even if the autumn line has grown on the soil, there are still remnants of rotten wood inside.

23. But most often the mushroom grows on an old aspen trunk...

24. ...or birch.

25. These can also be trunks of other deciduous trees.

26. Autumn stitch is a medium-sized mushroom.

27. This is the usual height of the mushroom.

28. Such huge monsters are rare.

29. Here you can compare the size of the mushroom with the size of the box.

30. I would like to look at this huge mushroom again.

31. Hat stitch autumn Brown.

32. Its shape is defined as saddle-lobed.

33. We don't know what to call the shape of this fancy hat.

34. For some reason they write about two or four blades of a mushroom.

35. But three-lobed specimens are also often found.

36. This is what happens to old mushrooms.

37. They might even get moldy.

38. The inner surface of the cap is smooth and light.

39. The hat itself is very thin and fragile.

40. The autumn morel has a pronounced stem.

41. The leg may be brownish,...

42. ...and almost white.

43. Sometimes the leg is stocky,...

44. ...but more often she is quite thin and tall.

45. The leg is uneven, slightly grooved.

46. It looks like it’s a little wrinkled.

47. This is how the legs are attached to the ground.

48. The leg is hollow inside.

49. This cavity is uneven along the length of the leg.

50. The pulp of the autumn line is very fragile.

51. She is thin and brittle.

(smoke)

or horned stitch, inviolable gyromitra

- inedible mushroom

✎ Affiliation and generic characteristics

Autumn stitch(lat. Gyromitra infula) is inedible species from the genus of marsupial mushrooms (lat. Gyromitra), the family Discinaceae (lat. Discinaceae) and the order Pezizales (lat. Pezizales).
The autumn line (no matter what online publications claim, indiscriminately ripping off each other’s text) has never had and is now not related to the genus Helvella (or lobes) and is not even included in the same family with them. It’s just that, together with the lobedworts (Helvella), it belongs to the order of Poles, which is why it is often called the autumn lobewort (infula-like), or Helvella infula-like. But it’s only more correct to call it (in exact accordance with tribal affiliation) - gyromytra inviolable.
In Russia, the autumn line is called differently - horned line, and among the people - smarzhok. And, unlike other species of its genus, it is given the epithet “autumn” for its peculiarity of growing in autumn, and not in spring, when almost all of its “spring” relatives grow:

And the autumn line has one more thing, perhaps the most important difference from other spring lines: the autumn line contains much more of any poison (gyrometrin) than its spring counterparts (possibly even combined). This is due to the fact that spring rows bear fruit in early spring, at the end of winter (during a colder period, on cold soil), and autumn rows ripen only at the end of summer (during a warmer period, on warm soil). In this case, its mycelium, grown in a warm summer environment, produces much more toxic gyrometrin and transfers it to its fruits than the mycelium of the earlier lines. That is why spring lines in Russia are used for food, and autumn lines are not used under any circumstances.
Not many sources consider the autumn line to be even deadly poisonous. But this is not at all true; no cases of fatal poisoning with autumn mushrooms have yet been recorded, and the degree of poisoning with them, like with all mushrooms of this family, strongly depends on the quantity and frequency of their use. For this reason, the autumn line is assigned to inedible mushrooms; it is not used as food, so as not to get poisoned.
Science has determined that the toxicity of stitches is largely due to temperature climatic conditions their growth and directly depends on the area of origin. And the warmer the climate, the more poisonous these mushrooms will be. Therefore, in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, with their climate, absolutely all lines refer to poisonous mushrooms, and in Russia, with its very cold climate, only autumn lines have always been considered inedible.

✎ Similar species

Autumn stitch(Gyromytra inviolable) is visually similar to some lobed mushrooms of the Helwellaceae family. You can confuse it:
- with curly lobed, which, like the autumn line, grows in autumn, is distinguished by a folded, two-four-lobed cap with wavy edges and a strongly ribbed leg with deep longitudinal grooves and folds;
- with elastic lobe, but it grows a little earlier and already leaves in September, it is distinguished by a saddle-shaped, two-lobed, but sometimes slightly wavy, cap with freely hanging edges and a short, slightly curved, and sometimes with deep, longitudinal grooves and folds, white, leg;
- with pitted lobe, which grows in early autumn and completely overlaps in time with the autumn line, but is distinguished by a folded, two-three-lobed and saddle-shaped, irregularly shaped cap and a short, pitted-furrowed leg consisting of fused parallel tubes;
- with black lobed, which grows in late summer or early autumn and also exactly intersects in time with the autumn line, and is distinguished by a small, saucer-like model with lobes, tubercles and folds on the surface, a cap and a small and usually curved, slightly noticeable pubescence, longitudinal ribs at the base or stripes along the entire length, stalk.
All other lobes bear fruit in the spring, being early species, or are extremely rare in Russia. In any case, any species of mushroom similar to the autumn string is either inedible or nutritional value in principle they do not. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of confusion; you just don’t need to select these or similar mushrooms.

✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality

Autumn grass (Gyromitra inviolable) is a common saprotroph that grows on soil or rotting decomposing wood and close to it, in deciduous and coniferous forests, sometimes singly, sometimes in small families.
Autumn stitch can be found in temperate climatic zone Europe and Russia, as well as in the northern United States of America and Canada.
The main fruiting period for the autumn line is at the end of August and lasts until the end of September, and sometimes until the middle or end of October.

✎ Brief description and application

The autumn line (Gyromitra inviolable) belongs to the section of marsupial fungi and it reproduces by spores that are located in the fruiting body, in a specialized spore-bearing “bag”. His fruiting body(apothecium) in the form of a cap on a stalk. The cap is saddle-shaped or irregular in shape, two to four lobed, with edges bluntly turned inward, growing to the stem. The outer side of the cap is wrinkled and less often smooth, radiant brown (in young fruits), red-brown and dark coffee (in mature fruits) in color, but the inner sphere is paler, velvety to the touch. The leg is cylindrical and slightly granular to the touch, slightly thickened at the base, hollow inside, waxy white-gray or pink-beige in color. The pulp is thin, brittle, translucent, grayish in color, tasteless and odorless.

Eating autumn stitch (in any form) is completely unsafe, and therefore highly undesirable!

Autumn Strochok is a fungus of the Strochok genus, bizarre in the shape of its cap, which received its name due to the time of its fruiting. And it’s not hard to guess that this time falls in autumn, unlike other lines (giant and spring). And also for the specific shape of the cap, it is sometimes called a horned stitch. This mushroom is poisonous, and it contains much more toxins than its spring “relatives”.

Latin name

Gyromítra infula

Synonyms: autumn lobe, autumn line, inviolable line, inedible line, infula-like lobe, gyromitra, Helvella infula, Helvella infula-like, horned line, inviolable gyromitra, smarzhok, Helvella infula

Appearance

The cap is a bizarre, irregular shape, in the shape of blades or horns (in the form of 2, 3 or 4 fused horns), wrinkled, velvety, with its edges fused with the stem. Up to 10 cm wide, brown in color, becoming black-brown with age.

The leg is hollow inside, sometimes curved or flattened on the sides, thickened towards the bottom, cylindrical. The color can range from whitish to pink or gray chestnut.

The consistency of the pulp resembles wax, thin, translucent, fragile, whitish, very similar to the pulp of related species.

Smell. They have no particular smell, or have a very weak mushroom aroma.

Spore powder whitish or light brownish.

Growth time

Sometimes the horned line can be found even in July, but already from the end of August the active fruiting period begins, which lasts until the end of September, and in some places until frost.

Spreading

Autumn line mushrooms grow throughout Eurasia and in North America, in deciduous, mixed and pine forests, as well as near roads, in clearings and on the edges. Sometimes you can find single specimens, and sometimes small groups of 5-7 specimens. Grows on fallen trunks, on missing, decaying trees or near them, as well as on stumps. The most common of its type is Helvel.

Edibility

Today there is no consensus on how poisonous autumn stitch is. In its raw form, it is definitely poisonous, and fatally poisonous. But in the finished form - with double boiling - some find it possible to use it.

But there is also an opinion that even with prolonged boiling, the poison of these mushrooms is not completely destroyed, and they remain dangerous to eat and can cause poisoning, quite severe ones, and this even after heat treatment. In addition, even if you risk consuming it after proper processing, remember that it is forbidden to eat it often, since the toxins in it tend to accumulate in the body.

Some studies have shown that in autumn lines the amount of toxic substances that can cause poisoning and even death depends on the age of the mushroom. And all because the lines ripen extremely slowly, and both young and overripe specimens can immediately end up in one basket. They actually contain more toxic substances. And the poison in them does not completely disappear when boiled; it can only be gotten rid of by drying the mushrooms for a month.

But for a lover of quiet hunting, it will hardly be possible to do a biochemical and toxicological analysis of the harvest on their own. Because the most effective method To protect yourself from severe poisoning - do not touch the autumn lines at all.

There is also an opinion that the toxicity of these mushrooms largely depends on the area where they grow and is determined by climatic conditions. And the warmer the climate, the more dangerous and toxic the lines will become. It is for this reason that in countries with the warm climate of Western and Eastern Europe, absolutely all mushrooms of the Strochok genus are considered poisonous. In Russia, with its colder climate, only autumn lines are considered poisonous. And all because they begin their active fruiting immediately after the hot summer, on heated soil and, therefore, manage to accumulate quite a considerable amount of dangerous substances, which makes them unsuitable for consumption.

Similarities with other species

The autumn line is similar to the dubious line (Gyromitra ambigua) - a poisonous mushroom. However, Gyromitra ambigua is smaller in size and purple-brown in color, and has large spores.

Medicinal properties

The main therapeutic effect of all mushrooms of the Strochok genus is analgesic. Most often, an alcohol tincture of these mushrooms is used to anesthetize joints and also restore their cartilage tissue. In general, joint diseases are the main area of application of the tincture.

In addition, the line tincture is excellent for the following diseases: various arthrosis, lupus erythematosus, osteochondrosis, rheumatism, radiculitis, polyarthritis. In addition, the tincture is used for rubbing for prolonged cough, bronchitis and pneumonia, as well as for any neuralgia and postoperative adhesions.

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