Narrow-nosed primates. Lesser narrow-nosed monkeys

Narrow-nosed monkeys, or old world monkeys (lat. Catarrhini) - steam squad ( lat. parvus- “small, little”) primates. Together with broad-nosed monkeys(monkeys New World) are included in the infraorder apes, and with tarsiers form a suborder dry-nosed primates.

Among the narrow-nosed, there are three main groups:

All narrow-nosed animals are diurnal animals. All are characterized by a complex social organization. Almost all are narrow-nosed, except fat carnivores, have a narrow nasal septum, and their nostrils point down. Body sizes range from 35 cm ( pygmy marmoset) up to 175 cm ( gorilla). Brain well developed. There are 32 teeth. Primates mainly eat mixed food with a predominance of plant foods, and less often they are insectivorous. Due to mixed nutrition stomach they have a simple one. Zubov four types - incisors , fangs, small ( premolars) and large ( molars) indigenous; molars with 3-5 cusps. In primates, there is a complete change of teeth - milk and permanent. There are throat pouches. Tail most have a long one, but it is never used for grasping. Some representatives ( lapunder , mandrill) tail short or missing ( magot , apes).

In most species, fangs grow throughout their lives and sharpen themselves against each other - they are used as weapon. In groups of narrow-nosed animals, which, as a result of changes, social organization males do not require physical superiority in order to achieve females and/or territory (magotes, bonobos , People), fangs have become smaller.

Narrow-nosed primates have well-developed five-fingered, grasping limb, adapted for climbing tree branches. All primates are characterized by the presence of a clavicle and complete separation of the radius and ulna, which provides mobility and a variety of movements of the forelimb. Thumb mobile and in many species can be opposed to the other fingers. The terminal phalanges of the fingers are equipped with nails. In those forms of primates that have claw-like nails or have claw on individual fingers, thumb finger always carries flat nail. Hairline and individual areas of the skin are sometimes brightly colored. Lesser monkeys have cheek pouches and ischial calluses.

Distributed in Africa and Asia (on Arabian Peninsula, V South And South-East Asia , China , Japan). One view narrow-nosed monkeys, magot, found even in Europe ( Gibraltar). Monkeys have settled all over the planet. They live in herds or family groups.

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Excerpt characterizing the Narrow-nosed Monkeys

“And then, we are a good sovereign,” he said, pronouncing e instead of e and ъ instead of ь. “Then that the emperor knows this. He said in his manifesto that he can look indifferently at the dangers threatening Russia, and that the safety of the empire, its dignity and the sanctity of its alliances,” he said, for some reason especially emphasizing the word “unions”, as if this was the whole essence of the matter.
And with his characteristic infallible, official memory, he repeated the opening words of the manifesto... “and the desire, the sole and indispensable goal of the sovereign: to establish peace in Europe on solid foundations - they decided to now send part of the army abroad and make new efforts to achieve this intention “.
“That’s why, we are a good sovereign,” he concluded, edifyingly drinking a glass of wine and looking back at the count for encouragement.
– Connaissez vous le proverbe: [You know the proverb:] “Erema, Erema, you should sit at home, sharpen your spindles,” said Shinshin, wincing and smiling. – Cela nous convient a merveille. [This comes in handy for us.] Why Suvorov - they chopped him up, a plate couture, [on his head,] and where are our Suvorovs now? Je vous demande un peu, [I ask you,] - constantly jumping from Russian to French, he said.
“We must fight until the last drop of blood,” said the colonel, hitting the table, “and die for our emperor, and then everything will be fine.” And to argue as much as possible (he especially drew out his voice on the word “possible”), as little as possible,” he finished, again turning to the count. “That’s how we judge the old hussars, that’s all.” How do you judge, young man and young hussar? - he added, turning to Nikolai, who, having heard that it was about war, left his interlocutor and looked with all his eyes and listened with all his ears to the colonel.
“I completely agree with you,” answered Nikolai, all flushed, spinning the plate and rearranging the glasses with such a decisive and desperate look, as if at the moment he was exposed to great danger, “I am convinced that the Russians must die or win,” he said. feeling the same way as others, after the word had already been said, that it was too enthusiastic and pompous for the present occasion and therefore awkward.
“C"est bien beau ce que vous venez de dire, [Wonderful! What you said is wonderful],” said Julie, who was sitting next to him, sighing. Sonya trembled all over and blushed to the ears, behind the ears and to the neck and shoulders, in While Nikolai was speaking, Pierre listened to the colonel's speeches and nodded his head approvingly.
“That’s nice,” he said.
“A real hussar, young man,” shouted the colonel, hitting the table again.
-What are you making noise about there? – Marya Dmitrievna’s bass voice was suddenly heard across the table. -Why are you knocking on the table? - she turned to the hussar, - who are you getting excited about? right, you think that the French are in front of you?
“I’m telling the truth,” said the hussar, smiling.
“Everything about the war,” the count shouted across the table. - After all, my son is coming, Marya Dmitrievna, my son is coming.
- And I have four sons in the army, but I don’t bother. Everything is God’s will: you will die lying on the stove, and in battle God will have mercy,” Marya Dmitrievna’s thick voice sounded without any effort from the other end of the table.
- This is true.
And the conversation focused again - the ladies at their end of the table, the men at his.
“But you won’t ask,” said the little brother to Natasha, “but you won’t ask!”
“I’ll ask,” Natasha answered.
Her face suddenly flushed, expressing desperate and cheerful determination. She stood up, inviting Pierre, who was sitting opposite her, to listen, and turned to her mother:
- Mother! – her childish, chesty voice sounded across the table.

Lesser narrow-nosed monkeys

The lower narrow-nosed animals have a somewhat elongated muzzle, the nostrils are close together and separated by a narrow partition. Some monkeys have a long tail, although it plays a minor role in climbing, others have no or short tail. The limbs are either equal in length or the forelimbs are shorter than the hind limbs. The thumb is usually opposed to the rest.

Characterized by strong development of cheek pouches. Many people have ischial calluses - bare areas of skin with a large fat lining. They lead a mainly arboreal lifestyle and live in small herds. Marmosets are predominantly African species, while macaques are South Asian monkeys.

Monkeys

Monkeys- These are medium-sized monkeys, body length from 20 to 70 cm, weight 3–6 kg, with a tail longer than the body.

Females are smaller than males. The fur is soft and thick, but short, its color varies greatly. Large cheek pouches. Ischial calluses are separate.

They live in rain, seasonal, mountain, tropical and savannah forests, and are very mobile. They feed on leaves, fruits, young shoots, and eat bird eggs and chicks.

Like other species of monkeys, marmosets raid gardens, fields and plantations. There are few enemies, they very deftly defend themselves against them with the whole herd.

Macaques- large monkeys, body weight from 3.5 to 18 kg. They have a dense build thumb small, opposed to the rest of the fingers; There is a leathery membrane between the fingers and toes. They are common in South and East Asia, and northern Africa.

Among macaques, the most famous is the rhesus macaque - a large monkey with dull greenish-yellow fur. The limbs are almost equal in length, the tail is short. The ischial calluses are bright red. The rhesus macaque lives in forests or on open mountain slopes in Southeast Asia.

Macaques keep in small herds - up to 20 individuals. These monkeys are very active and restless, constantly chasing each other, are not afraid of water, swim and dive well.

They feed on a variety of foods: fruits, roots, plant leaves, insects, mollusks.

Rhesus macaques are often kept in zoos and are often used for medical purposes.

From the book Moral Animal by Wright Robert

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From the book Animal Life Volume I Mammals author Bram Alfred Edmund

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Smart monkeys Chimpanzees use tools We will start with a story about an experiment that became widely known in its time. In 1917, German researchers expanded the premises of the Anthropoid Station on the island of Tenerife, adding spacious enclosures to it, and here

From the book Biology Tests. 6th grade author Benuzh Elena

PLANT KINGDOM DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS. LOWER AND HIGHER PLANTS. Gynosperms 1. Lower plants include: A. MhiB. AlgaeB. Mosses and algaeG. Ferns2. The following characteristics are characteristic of algae: A. They have leaves and stems.

From the book Biology Tests. 7th grade author Benuzh Elena

SUBKINGDOM LOWER PLANTS. GROUP OF DEPARTMENTS ALGAE Choose the correct answer.1. Unicellular algae include: A. ChlorellaB. Chlamydomonas B. LaminariaG. Spirogyra2. In fresh water bodies lives: A. SargassumB. PorphyraV. SpirogyraG. Volvox3. Algae cell

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Section narrow-nosed primates (Catarrhina) We continue the description of higher primates. This section includes not only lower monkeys, as in the previous one, but along with one superfamily lower apes(Cercopitliecoidea) - another superfamily of hominoids, or higher apes and humans

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Family Cercopithecoidea, or the lower narrow-nosed monkeys The only family of the superfamily of the lower narrow-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecoidea). Small and medium-sized primates. The forelimbs are either equal to the hind limbs or somewhat shorter. The foot is longer than the hand.

From the author's book

Lower, or primary-winged, insects There are many insects that are wingless from birth to death, at all stages of their existence. Lice, for example, fleas, lice. However, it has been proven that their distant ancestors had wings. Primary wingless insects, whose ancestors never

From the author's book

Marsupials, or Lower Animals Most species live in Australia and on the adjacent islands, some in South and Central America, and one species lives in North America. In marsupials, the placenta is poorly developed or completely absent. In this regard, intrauterine

From the author's book

Narrow-nosed monkeys The group of narrow-nosed monkeys includes the lower narrow-nosed monkeys (monkeys, macaques) and anthropoids

Among the narrow-nosed, there are three main groups:

  • parapithecus ( Parapithecoidea) - a completely extinct group of narrow-nosed monkeys;
  • marmosets ( Cercopithecoidea listen)) - a large group of narrow-nosed primates found in Africa, Asia and Europe (Gibraltar);
  • hominoids ( Hominoidea) - higher apes, to which modern man systematically belongs.

All narrow-nosed animals are diurnal animals. All are characterized by a complex social organization. Almost all narrow-nosed animals, with the exception of thick-bodied animals, have a narrow nasal septum, and their nostrils point downward. Body sizes range from 35 cm ( pygmy marmoset) up to 175 cm (gorilla). The brain is well developed. There are 32 teeth. Primates mainly eat mixed food with a predominance of plant foods, and less often they are insectivorous. Due to their mixed diet, their stomach is simple. There are four types of teeth - incisors, canines, small (premolars) and large (molars) molars; molars with 3–5 cusps. In primates, there is a complete change of teeth - milk and permanent. There are throat pouches. Most have a long tail, but it is never used for grasping. Some representatives (lapunder, mandrill) have a short tail or no tail (magot, great apes).

In most species, fangs grow throughout their lives and sharpen themselves against each other - they are used as weapons. In groups of narrow-nosed animals in which, as a result of changes in social organization, males do not require physical superiority in order to achieve females and/or territory (magots, bonobos, humans), the fangs have decreased.

Narrow-nosed primates have a well-developed five-fingered, grasping limb adapted for climbing tree branches. All primates are characterized by the presence of a clavicle and complete separation of the radius and ulna, which provides mobility and a variety of movements of the forelimb. The thumb is mobile and in many species can be opposed to the other fingers. The terminal phalanges of the fingers are equipped with nails. In those forms of primates that possess claw-like nails or have claws on individual digits, the thumb always bears a flat nail. The hair and individual areas of the skin are sometimes brightly colored. Lesser monkeys have cheek pouches and ischial calluses. They are widespread in Africa and Asia (on the Arabian Peninsula, South and Southeast Asia, China, Japan). One species of narrow-nosed monkey, the magot, is found even in Europe (Gibraltar). They live in herds or family groups.

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See what “Narrow-nosed monkeys” are in other dictionaries:

    Old World monkeys (Catarhina), section of great apes. Fossil forms are known from the second half of the Neogene beginning Quaternary periods East hemispheres. 4 families: apes, gibbons, pongids and hominids (last 3... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

    4 families of mammals of the primate order: apes, gibbons, pongids and hominids. The nasal septum is narrow, the nostrils are close together and point down... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

    4 families of mammals of the primate order: apes, gibbons, pongids and hominids. The nasal septum is narrow, the nostrils are close together and point downwards. * * * NARROW-NOSE MONKEYS NARROW-NOSE MONKEYS, 4 families of mammals of the primate order:… … encyclopedic Dictionary

    Narrow-nosed monkeys- (Catarrhini) higher primates of the Old World, Africa, Asia and Europe. The most ancient representatives are known from the Oligocene of Egypt. Among the narrow-nosed monkeys, there are three main groups: Parapithecoidea, a completely extinct group of narrow-nosed monkeys... ... Physical Anthropology. Illustrated explanatory dictionary.

    - (Catarrhini) three sem. monkeys (see) of the Old World, connected at the base of the trail. common features. The septum between the nostrils is narrow and the nostrils are directed forward, and not to the side, as in broad-nosed animals (see). Nails on the toes of the front and hind limbs... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    - (Simiae catarrhinae) group of monkeys of the suborder Greater Primates. U. o. (except for the thick-bodied ones) have a narrow nasal septum, their nostrils point downwards. Body sizes range from 35 cm (pygmy monkey) to 175 cm (gorilla). The brain is good... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    4 sem. mammals neg. primates: apes, gibbons, pongids and hominids. The nasal septum is narrow, the nostrils are close together and point down... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

    Lesser narrow-nosed monkeys, unlike American monkeys, have a narrow nasal septum and a protruding facial part of the skull. The tail varies from short (black baboon, mandrill, dril, pig-tailed macaque) to long, never... ... Biological encyclopedia

    great monkeys- žmoginės beždžionės statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas šeima apibrėžtis Šeimoje 4 gentys. Kūno masė – 5,300 kg, kūno ilgis – 45,180 cm. atitikmenys: lot. Pongidae English anthropoid apes vok. Menschenaffen rus. higher narrow-nosed... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas

    monkeys- šunbeždžionės statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas šeima apibrėžtis Šeimoje 10 genčių. Kūno ilgis – 32 110 cm, uodegos ilgis – 0 106 cm. atitikmenys: lot. Cercopithecidae engl. guenonlike monkeys; Old World monkeys; Old World... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas

Quite numerous: in given time Zoologists count 96 of their varieties. They settled exclusively in the Eastern Hemisphere (with the exception of Mona monkeys and green monkeys. They were brought from Africa in the 17th century and fully adapted to living on the tropical islands of the Caribbean). In contrast, narrow-nosed animals have anatomical features closer to humans. They have 32 teeth (the prehensile-tailed ones have 36), some of them are completely devoid of a tail, and those who still have one do not use it when climbing trees. In most species, the pelvis performs the same functions as in humans - it supports internal organs when walking upright. Narrow-nosed animals are divided into two main groups: marmosets and hominoids. There is also a third family, Parapithecus, which has become completely extinct.

The distribution area of ​​these primates is very wide and is not limited only to tropical zone. Of course, the narrow-nosed monkey prefers evergreen forests rich in fruits and plant food, but it is also found outside them. The northernmost species is considered to be the Japanese mago (39° N). Hot springs save these monkeys from winter frosts, which sometimes reach -12°C. In Europe, only one species has survived to this day - the tailless monkey, living on Gibraltar (36° N). Two breeds native to Tibet are also described: to withstand harsh continental climate Thick fur helps monkeys.

These are mostly small animals, although within the family there are their own maxims: the smallest is considered (35 cm), and the largest narrow-nosed monkey is the gorilla (a meter and 75 cm). All primates of this family have narrow nostrils (with the exception of thick-bodied primates, which have a wider nasal septum. All of them lead daytime look life. One more characteristic feature are the cheek pouches, where the animal stores food “in reserve.” In a calmer environment, when the individual is not afraid that its relatives will take the food, it takes it out, chews it and eats it.

The narrow-nosed monkey - both ape and a hominoid - has quite developed brain. She uses various devices to obtain food: stones for breaking nuts, clubs for hunting snakes. Primates clear young resinous shoots from the bark and push them into the anthill. The ants stick to the stick and the monkeys lick them off. They are especially striking with their mental abilities Gorillas and chimpanzees can learn deaf language and communicate with people.

The marmoset family is in turn subdivided into the marmosets themselves (they also include macaques) and the latter have a clearly protruding lower part of the face, which creates a resemblance to a dog’s muzzle. Baboons also have fangs, which they display as a symbol social status or in danger as a threat to the enemy. This narrow-nosed monkey lives in a society with an extremely developed hierarchy: in the pack, each individual is subjugated to someone and conquers someone. Zoologists believe that a similar hierarchy existed in the primitive herd of people.

Among hominids, the black monkey, also called the pygmy chimpanzee or bonobo, is of particular interest. For a long time it was considered a chimpanzee, and only in 1957 it was identified as separate species. Its skin is black (pink in a normal chimpanzee), sloping, narrow shoulders and long legs. Makes barking, sharp sounds. Bonobos live between the Lualaba and Congo rivers. Until now, this is a little-studied species, and its number does not exceed ten thousand individuals. Long black hair, parted in the middle, on a black face, and intelligent eyes give the animal a completely human appearance.

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