Jungle animals. Rainforest Animals

Correct answers to the game 100 to 1 to the question Who lives in ...?:

The most popular answer lives in the jungle - Mowgli- seventy-two points;

In second place, the correct answer lives in the jungle - monkey- forty-two points;

In third place the correct answer is - Tarzan- thirty-four points;

In fourth place the answer lives in the jungle - a lion- fourteen points;4

In fifth place the answer is - tiger- sixteen points;

In sixth place the correct answer is - elephant lives in the jungle - eight points.

I just want to shout in the words of the Russian president - Banderlog!

But it would be correct:

MOWGL

Living in the forests with Mowgles are:

MONKEY

And of course there is:

TARZAN

In addition to these representatives of our fauna, they chew in the forest:

SNAKES

Of all the monkeys the most:

MACACA

And how can the forest manage without:

TIGER

But there’s probably a mistake here, how can this live in the jungle:

ELEPHANT

And the most last inhabitant jungle:

PARROT

Game 100 to 1.

Who can live in the jungle? Probably Papuans can definitely live there.

Animals such as tigers, monkeys, snakes can also live there. various insects.

Indians can probably live in the jungle too. A city dweller will definitely not be able to live in the jungle.

An excellent question from the famous and popular game 100 to 1 and we must answer the question of who can live in the jungle. And most likely every player knows this answer. Because we studied and studied this in geography. And of course there are many people who live in the jungle various animals.

And in order to pass the level we must answer as follows:

Mowgli is a famous character from a fairy tale.

Monkey - many species live there

Tarzan - he lived there and jumped on the vines

Lion is the king of jungle beasts

The tiger is a very beautiful animal from there

The elephant is a powerful animal and lives it in the jungle.

Answer this way and collect your bonus points at this level in the game, good luck.

And what difference does it actually make whether he lives or inhabits? People usually answer, everything is the same, what they have is associated with creatures that can be found in the jungle. This:

• Monkey.
• Parrots.
• Crocodiles.
• Hippos.
• Elephants.
• Tigers.
• Snakes.

Tarzan lives in the jungle.

Mowgli lives in the jungle.

Monkeys live in the jungle.

Porcupines live in the jungle.

Tigers live in the jungle.

Lemurs live in the jungle.

Crocodiles live in the jungle;

Elephants live in the jungle.

1) Monkeys

4)insects

Answer the question Who lives in the jungle? in the most popular game 100 to 1 people offered the following options:

2.Monkeys

8.Parrot

Good luck in this game!

Mowgli lives in the jungle. Monkeys can live in the jungle. Tarzan might live there. It is possible that there are snakes in the jungle. You can also note the option about macaques. The tiger lives in the jungle. Other options in the game: elephant and parrot.

The first thing that comes to mind is the wonderful comedy Hello, I'm your aunt, in which they discussed the jungle of Brazil, where many, many wild monkeys live.

But among the most popular answers, monkeys were only in second place:

monkey

To answer this question correctly and be a winner in the game 100 to 1, you need to offer the following options as answers:

monkey;

These are the species that are found most often in the jungle, according to respondents.

In a 100 to 1 game, when answering the question of who lives in the jungle, you should give the following versions of the answers:

• 40 points - Mowgli(the hero of Kipling’s book and many cartoons based on this book),
• 80 points - monkeys,
• 120 points - Tarzan,
• 160 points - snakes,
• 200 points - macaques,
• 240 points - tiger,
• 280 points - elephant,
• 320 points - parrot.

I would answer that Papuans, parrots, blacks, tarantulas, all sorts of sores, Chinese, monkeys, dragons live in the jungle :-), and the correct answers.

You can spend a whole day in the untouched jungle and not see a single animal larger than a mouse. There really aren't many of them here. There are especially few large ones.

By weight, animals make up only 0.02 percent of the total forest biomass. This is 2-3 times less than the similar ratio for the entire total biomass of the Earth. In absolute figures, about 200 kilograms per hectare, with no less than a third of the animals tropical forest(again by weight) lives in soil and litter.

But you need to keep in mind that hiding in the jungle is not at all difficult. There are so many suitable shelters for this! In addition, many animals behave in a crepuscular or night look life, showing its activity only in pitch darkness.

The story of the okapi illustrates how difficult it is to see jungle creatures. This huge beast, the closest relative of giraffes, with almost the same long legs and neck, which the natives of the virgin forest knew well, skillfully hid from the eyes of Europeans until 1901. Only thanks to the efforts of the pygmies, touched to the quick by distrust of their stories about amazing inhabitant thicket, the Royal Zoological Society in London received the skin and two skulls of the mysterious invisible creature. However, over the next 80 years, only a few jungle explorers were lucky enough to see okapi in the wild.

The life of any forest animal is necessarily connected with a tree. This connection is especially noticeable in the jungle. Almost all of their inhabitants live in trees - on trunks and in the crowns, in extreme cases they huddle near the roots in the forest floor and in the soil, but there are few who independently build burrows or constantly use them. Among land animals, only a few are unable to climb trees. Tropical wilds are the patrimony of the most skilled steeplejacks.

Large land animals, unable to climb to the upper floors, face two important problems: how to move in the chaos of the thickets and what to eat here. Large creatures require significant amounts of food, and there is little of it on the ground floor.

The problem of movement is even more complex. Of the large animals, the living bulldozer, the huge forest elephant, is best adapted to life in the impenetrable jungle. Crushing everything in its path, a herd of giants is capable of tearing through any thicket, maneuvering among huge trunks, which serve as an insurmountable obstacle for them.

However, even elephants gravitate toward forest edges, clearings, and grass-covered meadow lowlands that are regularly flooded with water along the banks of forest rivers and streams. Like other jungle inhabitants, they need sunbathing, especially baby elephants, otherwise they may develop rickets.

There are few ungulates in rain forests. There are no animals here crowned with such spreading antlers as our European red deer and elk. With such a decoration on your head you won’t be able to get through the thicket. Mazama, or spoke-horned deer, native to Central and South America, wear small, straight horns on their heads. The American Pudu's horns are so small that they do not protrude from their thick fur. The deer themselves are also small. The size of the different species of mazama varies from a large hare to a small fallow deer. The common Pudu is a dwarf, 30-35 centimeters high and weighing 7-10 kilograms.

Of the 14 species of African crested duiker, unique forest antelopes, 12 prefer to live in tropical rainforests. Their slightly backward-curved horns rise only slightly above the high tuft of thick fur growing between them. The small antelope has horns no more than 10 centimeters, and the very miniature dwarf antelope, barely reaching a quarter of a meter at the withers, has very tiny horns - only 1.5-2 centimeters.

Among the few exceptions horned antelope. Bushbucks have spiral-shaped horns that can reach a length of 55 centimeters, and the larger bongo can reach a meter in length. But they are directed backwards and do not interfere with pushing through the thickets. Moreover, when running, antelopes throw their heads back. How often bongos have to do this is evidenced by the bald patches on the back behind the shoulder blades, rubbed by the horns.

Most of the ungulates of the dense tropical forest are pygmies compared to their relatives from other areas of the planet. The jungle is characterized by deer and antelope as tall as a small dog. The small kancil, a resident of the island jungles of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Java, is the size of a rabbit and runs on pencil-thin legs, and weighs 2-2.5 kilograms. It is nocturnal and appears timid and defenseless. At the slightest danger, the deer disappears into dense thickets, but if a predator overtakes it, it desperately bites, inflicting serious wounds on the enemy. Dwarfism is an adaptation to dense vegetation. It is characteristic of bulls, bears and other animals.

The red subspecies of the African buffalo, which lives in the jungle, can easily pass for the calf of its huge black brother living in the savannah. The baby's height is 100-130 centimeters, and he weighs four times less. Even smaller is the dwarf anoa buffalo from the forests of Sulawesi. His height is 60-100 centimeters. These bulls have short, backward-curving horns, while on the black African buffalo they form an intricate figure eight on the animal's head, and the distance between their tips can reach a meter. The same living conditions caused unidirectional adaptations: they were similarly reflected in the appearance of most jungle ungulates and required their miniaturization, which affected not only the body, but also the horns.

The same applies to bears. If you compare the sizes of animals living on open plains and in various forests, it is easy to notice that they gradually become smaller as the forests become denser. Polar polar bear weighs up to a ton. Almost as large is the subspecies of brown land bear from Kodiak Island, located off the coast of Alaska. In the forests of our country, brown bears rarely reach a weight of 750 kilograms; more often they are much smaller. Himalayan bear, more closely related to wood, cannot be heavier than 140-150 kilograms. North American baribal, South Asian sloth bear and South American spectacled bear are slightly smaller. And the smallest Malayan bear, or biruang, is very tiny, weighing up to 65 kilograms! It lives in tropical rain forests and spends most of the day in trees. There it sleeps or feeds on leaves, fruits and all kinds of living creatures.

Among the ungulates of the tropical rainforest, tapirs are the most distinctive. These large creatures weighing up to 300 kilograms, their appearance resembles pigs, ideally suited for life in the bush. They have relatively short legs and an elongated body, so that the animals at the withers do not exceed 1 meter. The elongated muzzle and narrow-browed head allow tapirs to easily fit into any spaces between branches. A torpedo-shaped body with a narrow shoulder girdle, slightly widening towards the pelvic region, which is dressed in thick skin covered with short, smooth hair, allows one to squeeze through the thicket. Like elephants, tapirs gravitate to open clearings, mainly to the banks of water bodies. Animals like to spend hot time in water. In the territory occupied by tapirs, a system of paths and holes is created, which the animals use every day. However, if the owner of the site is attacked by a jaguar, the only predator dangerous for an adult animal, the tapir turns off the established path and dives into the thicket. Here the peace-loving animal receives some advantages, and this often saves his life.

Life is much more difficult in the okapi jungle. Younger brother The long-necked giraffe is deprived of the ability to disappear into the thickets, like tapirs and small deer. Okapi are extremely attached to thickets, and prefer not to use wide country roads and open clearings. To pave the way in the wilds, they have only one device - a massive chest, hanging slightly over the front legs. This allows the animal to bring down the entire weight of its body on the obstacle, and the head raised high and pushed forward makes it possible to look behind the obstacle and assess how surmountable it is.

Pigs are well adapted to life in the jungle. The large forest pig, discovered only in 1904, lives in the mountain forests of Africa. This is the largest member of the pig family. More widespread are the brush-eared or river pigs - large, beautiful animals of a bright yellow color, with a white mane-strap on the back, with white sideburns and tufts on the ears. Unlike most forest ungulates, brush-eared pigs live in herds, sometimes up to 100 animals, but are so careful that it is difficult to meet them in the jungle.

The bearded pig, so named for the abundant thickets of light bristles covering its face, lives in the jungles of the Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and the small islands of the Indian Ocean. It is the size of a European wild boar and also lives in families and herds. On the island of Sulawesi lives the babirussa, an almost hairless pig of medium size, with two pairs of large tusks, curved back and intended only for decoration. The lower pair takes its place between the teeth of the lower jaw. The upper one does not grow from the mouth, but sticks out directly on the muzzle. In old males, their tips almost reach the forehead or bend 180 degrees and grow back into the skin of the snout. In the shape of the upper fangs there is a clear analogy with the horns of forest ungulates.

The body shape and mass of large pigs and tapirs turned out to be suitable for life in the jungle. Given their size, they do not yet get stuck in the tangles of vines, and their solid weight allows them to break through the thickets.

About the same dimensions pygmy hippopotamus. Pygmy again! His height at the withers does not exceed 80 centimeters. It is the size of a large pig, and weighs 10 times lighter than its large relative. The “baby” lives in the tropical forests of the Niger Delta. Adapting to life in the wilds, he not only changed his size, but borrowed the most typical forms of behavior from the indigenous inhabitants of the forest. Animals do not gather in herds, but live alone or in pairs, are less associated with water and trample paths in coastal bushes.

Most arboreal rodents, in the process of adaptation, like other jungle mammals, turned into pygmies. Let's take protein as an example. In the mountain jungles of Panama, located on the slopes of the Chiriqui volcano, live bright red dwarf squirrels measuring about 15 centimeters in size. In the thickets of the Amazon basin live midge squirrels with a body length of 10-11, and in South Asia, on Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and other Indo-Pacific islands, tiny squirrels are only 7-10 centimeters tall.

Some terrestrial rodents adapted to the wilds by increasing their size. It is in tropical rainforests that the most major representatives this squad. There are very few of them. The largest is the capybara, or capybara. Externally the animals are exact copy guinea pigs, magnified 10 times. Males reach 1.5 meters in length and weigh 60-70 kilograms. The body is covered with long, thick brown bristles, which do a good job of protecting the skin from numerous thorns.

Capybaras do not like recluse, are very sociable and live in groups, sometimes quite large. The capybara has swimming membranes on its paws, between its toes, so it, like tapirs, swims and dives. It is not surprising that capybaras settle along the banks of rivers and other bodies of water. Most of all, capybaras like areas of the shoreline covered with tall grass, which they feed on.

Two other giant rodents - paca and agouti - look like large rabbits, only their ears are short. They are much smaller than capybaras, but have similar habits to pei, swim well, and pacas can even dive. In case of danger, the animals rush to the water and plop down there with a terrible noise, which for the rest of the group serves as a signal of extreme danger.

These are the requirements in the jungle for the shape and size of animals that cannot climb trees. It doesn't pay to be too big or too small. For life in the wilds, a golden mean is good. Apparently, body size in the range from agouti (up to 50 centimeters long) to capybaras and large pigs does not yet impose serious restrictions on movement in the dense thickets of the rainforest, but sharply reduces the number natural enemies. After all, there is little here large predators, so capybaras, pigs and tapirs have almost no enemies. This is where dwarfism arose among traditionally large animals and gigantism among small fry.

Jungle, or scientifically, rainforests, from the treetops to the forest floor, are filled with life. Found here animals, about each of which you can write a separate report: a crocodile, an anteater, a hippopotamus, a bat, a sloth, a koala, a chimpanzee, a porcupine, a gorilla, an armadillo. Insects: termites, tropical butterflies, mosquitoes. Tarantula spiders, hummingbirds and parrots. Hundreds of species of plants, birds, and animals feel comfortable in the tropical forest.

Select a report about a tropical forest inhabitant:

What does "tropics" mean?

The tropics are the forests that grow near the equator. These forests are the most important ecosystem on Earth. Coast Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, South American shores, the islands of the West Indies, part of Africa, the island of Madagascar, and some Asian countries and islands Pacific Ocean- occupied by tropical thickets. The tropics make up only 6 percent of the landmass.

High humidity and hot climate- the main features of the fabulous diversity of forms of local life. Constant warmth, frequent, heavy, short-lived tropical showers contribute to the rapid growth and development of flora. And the fauna, thanks to the abundance of water, also does not suffer from drought. Tropical forests have red or spotted soils, and the forest itself is multi-tiered, with each level densely populated. Such a diversity of flora and fauna is possible due to ideal living conditions.

Who lives in the tropical forest and how?

The wilds of the forest are inhabited by a variety of animals. Giant elephants and small insects, birds and medium-sized animals can live simultaneously in one area of ​​the forest, but at different levels, finding their own forest areas shelter and food. No other place on land has such a wealth of ancient life forms - endemics. Thanks to the dense foliage cover, the undergrowth in the rainforest is weak and animals can move freely.

The diversity of animals in the tropical forests is amazing: along with reptiles (turtles, crocodiles, lizards and snakes), there are many amphibians. The abundance of food attracts herbivores. Predators come after them (leopards, tigers, jaguars). The color of the inhabitants of the tropics is rich, since spots and stripes help to better camouflage in the forest. Many types of ants, tropical butterflies and spiders provide food for hundreds of bird species. The tropics are home to the largest number of monkeys on the planet; there are more than one and a half hundred parrots and 700 species of butterflies, including giant ones.

Unfortunately, many representatives of the jungle fauna (antelope, rhinoceroses, etc.) were exterminated by humans during colonialism. Now many animals that previously lived freely in tropical forests remain only in nature reserves and zoos. Human destruction of forests leads to a reduction in fauna and flora, soil erosion, and loss of the ecological balance of our planet. Tropical forests - the "green lungs of the planet" - have been sending us a message for decades that signals that humans must be held accountable for their actions.

If this message was useful to you, I would be glad to see you

The rainforest is very rich in animals. There are many different types of monkeys living in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. In their structure they differ from the Old World monkeys living in Africa and India. Old World monkeys are called narrow-nosed monkeys, American monkeys are called broad-nosed monkeys. A long, prehensile tail helps monkeys climb trees deftly. The spider monkey has a particularly long and prehensile tail. Another monkey, a howler monkey, wraps its tail around a branch and holds it like a hand. The howler was named for its powerful, unpleasant voice.

The most powerful predator in the rainforest is the jaguar. This is a large yellow cat with black spots on its skin. She is good at climbing trees.

America's other big cat is the puma. It is distributed in North America to Canada, in South America it is found in the steppes to Patagonia. The puma is yellowish-gray in color and somewhat resembles a lion (without the mane); This is probably why it is called the American lion.

Near ponds in the thicket of the forest you can meet an animal that resembles a little horse and even more like a rhinoceros. The animal reaches 2 m in length. His muzzle is elongated, as if extended into a trunk. This is an American tapir. He, like a pig, loves to wallow in puddles.

Nutria lives along lakes in reed thickets on the plains of Patagonia and on the mountain slopes of the Andes - swamp beaver, or koipu, - large rodent the size of our river beaver. Nutria's life is associated with water. Nutria feeds on the roots of succulent aquatic plants and makes nests from reeds and reeds. The animal produces valuable fur. The nutria were transported to the Soviet Union and released in the swampy thickets of Transcaucasia. They have acclimatized and are reproducing well. However, they suffer greatly during the cold winters that occur in Azerbaijan and Armenia, when the lakes freeze.

Unadapted to life in freezing bodies of water, nutria, having dived under the ice, do not find a way back. At the same time, their habitats become accessible to jungle cats and jackals, which walk across the ice to the nutria nests.

In forests South America live armadillos, sloths and anteaters.

The armadillo's body is covered with a shell that slightly resembles a turtle's shield. The shell consists of two layers: inside it is bone, outside it is horny - and is divided into belts, movably connected to each other. A giant armadillo lives in Guiana and Brazil. The largest of the armadillos reach one and a half meters in length. Armadillos live in deep burrows and only come out at night to hunt for prey. They feed on termites, ants and various small animals.

Sloths have a monkey-like face. The long limbs of these animals are armed with large sickle-shaped claws. They received their name for their slowness and clumsiness. The dull greenish-gray protective coloring of the sloth reliably hides it from the eyes of the enemy in the branches of trees. The coloring of the sloth is given by green algae that live in its rough and shaggy fur. This is one of the wonderful examples of cohabitation between animal and plant organisms.

Several species of anteaters are found in the forests of South America. The average anteater is very interesting - the tamandua, with a prehensile tail. It runs superbly along inclined trunks and climbs trees, looking for ants and other insects.

Marsupials in the forests of Brazil are represented by long-eared and water possums. The water possum, or swimmer, lives near rivers and lakes. It differs from the long-eared one in its coloring and swimming membranes on its hind legs.

South America is home to many bats various types. Among them are blood-sucking leaf-nosed insects that attack horses and mules, and vampires.

Despite their ominous name, vampires feed exclusively on insects and plant fruits.

Of the birds, the hoatzin is of great interest. This is a variegated, rather large bird with a large crest on its head. The hoatzin's nest is placed above the water, in the branches of trees or thickets of bushes. The chicks are not afraid of falling into the water: they swim and dive well. Hoatzin chicks have long claws on the first and second fingers of the wing, which help them climb branches and twigs. It is curious that the adult hoatzin loses the ability fast movement through the trees.

Studying the structure and lifestyle of hoatzin chicks, scientists came to the conclusion that the ancestors of birds also climbed trees. After all, the fossil first bird (Archaeopteryx) had long fingers with claws on the wings.

There are more than 160 species of parrots in the tropical forests of South America. The most famous are the green Amazon parrots. They learn to speak well.

Only in one country - in America - live the smallest birds - hummingbirds. These are unusually brightly and beautifully colored fast-flying birds, some of them the size of a bumblebee. There are over 450 species of hummingbirds. They, like insects, hover around flowers, sucking out flower juice with their thin beak and tongue. In addition, hummingbirds also feed on small insects.

There are many different snakes and lizards in tropical forests. Among them are boa constrictors, or boa, anaconda, reaching 11 m in length, and bushmaster - 4 m in length. Many snakes, due to the protective coloring of their skin, are little noticeable among forest greenery.

There are especially many lizards in the tropical rainforest. Large, broad-toed geckos sit in the trees. Among other species of lizards, the most interesting is the iguana, which lives both in trees and on the ground. This lizard has a very beautiful emerald green color. She eats plant foods.

Lives in the forests of Brazil and Guiana big frog - Surinamese pipa. It is interesting in its special way of reproduction. The eggs laid by the female are distributed by the male on the female's back. Each egg is placed in a separate cell. Subsequently, the skin grows and the cells close. The baby frogs develop on the female's back; when they grow up, they come out of their cells. Nutrients, necessary for frogs during development, are transmitted from the mother’s body by blood vessels that branch in the walls of skin cells.

Found in rivers of tropical America big fish- an electric eel with special electrical organs. With electric shocks, the eel stuns prey and scares away its enemies.

In many rivers of South America there lives an unusually predatory fish - the piranha, 30 cm long. Her strong jaws contain teeth as sharp as knives. If you drop a piece of meat into the river, piranhas immediately appear from the depths and instantly tear it apart. Piranhas feed on fish and attack ducks and domestic animals that carelessly enter the river. Even such people suffer from piranha large animals like tapirs. Pisces damage lips drinking water animals. Piranhas are also dangerous to people.

The tropical forests contain a diverse world of insects. Very large diurnal butterflies are numerous. They are very beautifully and richly colored, varied in shape and size. In Brazil there are over 700 species of diurnal butterflies, and in Europe there are no more than 150 species.

Ants are very numerous. Penetrating into a person’s home, they eat his reserves and thereby cause significant harm. Umbrella ants live in underground galleries. They feed their larvae with fungal mold, which they grow on finely chopped leaves. Ants bring pieces of leaves to the anthill, moving along strictly constant paths.

IN tropical zone South America has a lot of spiders. Among them, the largest is the tarantula spider. Its size is more than 5 cm. Its food is lizards, frogs, and insects; Apparently, it also attacks small birds. Just as big earth spiders found in New Guinea and Java.

In the tropical forests of Africa live elephants, various monkeys, okapi - an animal related to the giraffe; in the rivers - hippopotamuses and crocodiles. The most interesting are the great apes - gorillas and chimpanzees. The gorilla is a very large monkey, the height of males reaches 2 m, weight - 200 kg. They live in the most remote parts of the tropical forest and in the mountains, inaccessible to humans. Gorillas make their dens in trees or on the ground in dense bushes. Gorillas have been severely exterminated by humans and are now preserved only in two areas tropical forests Africa - south of Cameroon to the river. Congo and the country of lakes Victoria and Tanganyika.

Chimpanzees are smaller than gorilla. An adult male is no higher than 1.5 m. They live in families, but sometimes gather in small herds. Descending from the trees, chimpanzees walk on the ground, leaning on their hands clenched into fists.

There are many species of monkeys in the tropical forests of Africa. These long-tailed small monkeys have greenish fur. Interesting are the toeless monkeys (Colobus), which lack thumb on hands. The most beautiful of these monkeys is Gveretsa. She lives in Ethiopia and in the forests to the west of this country. Macaques, related to African monkeys, live in tropical Asia.

Dog-headed monkeys - baboons - are very characteristic of the African continent. They live in the mountains of Africa.

The fauna of Madagascar has some peculiarities. For example, lemurs live on this island. Their body is covered with thick fur. Some have bushy tails. Lemurs' faces are more animal-like than monkey-like; That's why they are called prosimians.

There are many different species of parrots in the African rainforests. The most famous is the gray parrot, the gray parrot, which imitates the human voice very well.

In some places, crocodiles survive in large numbers. They especially love rivers whose banks are covered with dense tropical forest. Nile crocodile reaches 7 m in length.

The forests of Africa are home to large, up to 6 m long, boa constrictors - pythons.

Among the fish, the lungfish Protopterus, which inhabits muddy lakes and swamps, attracts attention. These fish, in addition to gills, have lungs with which they breathe during drought. The lungfish Lepidosirene lives in South America, and the ceratod lives in Australia.

In the humid dense forests of the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (Kalimantan) lives the great ape orangutan. This is a large monkey, covered with coarse red fur. Adult males grow a large beard.

Close to great apes The gibbon is smaller in size than the orangutan, its body length is 1 m. The gibbon is distinguished by long limbs; with their help, swinging on the branches, he very easily jumps from tree to tree. Gibbons live on the island of Sumatra, on the Malay Peninsula and in the mountain forests of Burma.

A variety of macaques live in the forests of the Greater Sunda Islands - Sumatra and Borneo - and in Eastern India. The long-nosed monkey lives on the island of Borneo. Her nose is long, almost trunk-shaped. Old animals, especially males, have significantly longer noses than young monkeys.

The Indian elephant is often found in the forests of India and on the nearest large islands. Since ancient times, it has been tamed by humans and used in various jobs.

The common one is well known Indian rhinoceros- the largest one-horned rhinoceros.

A relative of American tapirs lives in Asia - the black-backed tapir. It reaches 2 m in height. His back is light, and other parts of his body are covered with short black hair.

Among the predators of southern Asia, the most famous Bengal tiger. Most tigers are preserved in India, Indochina, on the islands of Sumatra and Java.

The tiger is a crepuscular animal; he hunts for large ungulates. A tiger, if wounded by an unsuccessful shot from a hunter, sick or an elder, or generally for any reason has lost the ability to hunt ungulates, which constitute its main food, attacks people and becomes a “man-eater.”

Here, tigers are found in Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Primorye and in the south of the Ussuri region.

The leopard is distributed in southern Asia, in the forests of the Greater Sunda Islands and in Japan. It is found in the Caucasus, in the mountains of Central Asia and in Primorye. We call him a leopard. Leopard attacks domestic animals; he is cunning, brave, and dangerous to humans. Black leopards are often found on the Greater Sunda Islands; they are called black panthers.

The sloth bear and the Malayan bear, the biruang, live in South Asia. The sloth fish is a large, heavy animal, armed with long claws that allow it to climb trees well. Its fur is black and has a large white spot on its chest. Its large lips are mobile, they can stretch into a tube, and with its long tongue the bear takes insects out of the crevices of trees. The sloth fish lives in tropical forests on the Indian subcontinent and on the island of Ceylon. It feeds on plants, fruits, berries, insects, bird eggs and small animals.

The Malayan bear has short, black fur. It spends most of its life in trees, feeding on fruits and insects.

There are many birds in tropical Asia. One of the most beautiful is considered to be the peacock, living in the wild in Java, Ceylon and Indochina.

In the forests of the Sunda Islands, Ceylon and India live bank or bush chickens - wild ancestors domestic chickens, many types of pheasants and other chickens.

The waters of South Asia are inhabited by long-snouted crocodiles - gharials. They live in the river. Ganges.

There is a snake on the Malay Peninsula reticulated python, reaching 10 m in length.

There are many in the forests of India poisonous snakes, from whose bites the big number of people. The most dangerous cobra, or spectacled snake. It gets its name from the spots behind its head that look like glasses.

The tropics are inhabited by many amphibians, or amphibians. Among them is the Javan flying frog. Strongly developed membranes between the toes of the front and hind paws allow it, while gliding, to jump from one tree to another.

Having become familiar with the distribution of animals on the globe, it is easy to notice that different continents Similar animals live under similar living conditions. Some species have adapted to life in the tundra, others in steppes and deserts, and others in mountains and forests. Each continent has its own animal world- species of animals that live only on this continent. The animal world of Australia is especially unique in this regard, which we will consider below.

By studying the Earth's past through the fossil remains of animals that once inhabited continents and islands, scientists came to the conclusion that the composition of the fauna, that is, the animal world, was continuously changing in all geological eras. Connections arose between continents; for example, between Asia and North America there was a connection. Animals that inhabited Asia could penetrate into America; Therefore, in the fauna of America and Asia we still see a lot of similarities. Geological history The Earth helps to clarify some features in the distribution of animals across the continents. Thus, the remains of marsupials are found in the ancient layers of the earth in Europe and America. Nowadays, these marsupials live only in Australia and only a few species in America. Consequently, marsupials were previously much more widespread on the globe. This confirms the opinion of geologists about the connection that existed between these continents.

Having studied the composition of the animal world of individual continents and islands, scientists divided Earth into areas characterized by animal species found only in that area.

The main regions are: Australian, Neotropical (South and Central America), Ethiopian (Africa), Eastern or Indo-Malayan, Holarctic (Northern Asia, Europe and North America).

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On Earth, which supports a huge amount of fauna. One of the reasons for such a wide variety is the constant warmth. Tropical rainforests also contain enormous reserves of water (2,000 to 7,000 mm of rainfall annually) and diversity food base for animals. Many small animals, including monkeys, birds, snakes, rodents, frogs, lizards and insects, found in tropical forests have never set foot on land. They use tall trees and undergrowth for shelter from predators and to find food.

Because there is a huge diversity of animals (40-75% of Earth's animal species) competing for food, many species have adapted to eat certain foods that others do not. For example, toucans have a long, large beak. This adaptation allows the bird to reach fruits on branches that are too small to support the bird's weight. The beak is also used to extract fruit from trees.

Sloths use behavioral adaptation and camouflage to survive in the rainforest. They move very, very slowly and spend most of their time hanging upside down. Blue-green algae grows on their fur and gives sloths their greenish color and also protects them from predators.

This article examines the structure of the rainforest and some of the animals that live in its layers, from the forest floor to the upper layer.

forest floor

The forest floor is the lowest layer of the rainforest, receiving only about 2% of sunlight. Thus, the plants growing here are adapted to low light conditions. Thus, on lower level tropical forests are home to relatively large animals such as okapi, tapirs, Sumatran rhinoceroses, etc. This layer also contains a large number of reptiles, insects, etc. Organic substances (plant and animal origin) are collected in the forest floor, where they decompose, such as and.

Okapi

Okapi (Okapia johnstoni listen)) is a unique species of mammal that is native to the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. Although okapi have characteristic zebra-like stripes on their limbs, they are more closely related to giraffes. Okapi are diurnal and solitary in nature. These rainforest animals feed on tree leaves and buds, fruits, ferns, and mushrooms.

Tapir

Tapir ( Tapirus sp.) - pig-like herbivores mammals with a short, tenacious muzzle. These rainforest animals are found in the forests of South and Central America, as well as Southeast Asia.

Sumatran rhinoceros

One of the five extant species of rhinoceros, ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) lives in the tropical forests of Borneo and Sumatra. It is the smallest species of rhinoceros in the world and has two horns. The Sumatran rhino is on the verge of extinction as poachers actively hunt for its horns, which are used to prepare traditional medicines in China and Vietnam.

Western gorilla

Western gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla) is found in the forests of Central Africa. These animals are extremely intelligent and can use tools to obtain large amounts of food. The western gorilla is now critically endangered. Hunting for gorilla meat and reducing them natural environment habitats are the two main threats to these amazing primates.

Undergrowth

The rainforest understory is located between the forest floor and the canopy, and it receives only about 5% of the sunlight. This level is home to a large number of small mammals, birds, reptiles and predators such as the jaguar. The undergrowth contains small trees, shrubs and grasses. Typically, plants at this level rarely reach 3 m in height and usually have wide leaves to provide more surface area for the plant.

Jaguar

(Panthera onca) - most great view in the Americas, and the third largest in the world after and. The jaguar prefers to live in tropical forests and is distributed from Central America to Argentina and Paraguay. It is very similar to a leopard, but more muscular and bigger size. The jaguar is a solitary superpredator in which it lives.

Tree frogs

About three species of frogs from the dart frog family are deadly. The terrible leaf climber is considered the most dangerous among the three species and one of the most poisonous animals on Earth. These frogs are brightly colored, including gold, red, green, blue and yellow, to protect them from predators. This feature is known as aposematic coloration.

South American nose

Also known as coati ( Nasua nasua), this animal lives in the tropical forests of South America. Most of range is in the lowlands east of the Andes. This is a diurnal animal that lives both on the ground and in trees. The diet includes fruits, other small animals and bird eggs.

Common boa constrictor

Common boa constrictor ( Boa constrictor ) is a massive snake that is found in forests throughout the Americas, as well as on the islands of the Caribbean. Although boas live in a wide range of habitats, they prefer tropical forests due to the high humidity and suitable temperature. Additionally, rainforests provide ample shelter and plenty of food sources for these snakes.

Forest canopy

The forest canopy (or canopy) is the most distinctive level of the rainforest, forming a roof over the understory and forest floor. The canopy houses most of the most big trees tropical forest, growing up to 30-45 m in height. Broad-leaved evergreen trees dominate the canopy, making it the densest part of the rainforest. It is home to more than 20 million species and a large number of birds, as well as mammals, invertebrates and reptiles.

Jaco

Gray parrots or African gray parrots Psittacus erithacus) are medium-sized, grey-black birds common in equatorial Africa. The birds are currently classified as Near Threatened and number between 120,100 and 259,000.

Rainbow toucan

Rainbow toucan ( Ramphastos sulfatus) common in tropical forests Latin America. In this environment, it settles in tree holes, often with other toucans. Crowded roosting sites force toucans to tuck their beaks and tails under their bodies to save space.

Koats

Koats are a genus belonging to the family of spider monkeys. They live in the tropical forests of Central and South America, from Mexico to Brazil. All seven koat species are endangered to some extent. These primates live in large groups about 35 individuals and are divided into smaller groups to search for food during the day.

Three-toed sloths

Three-toed sloths are a family of arboreal mammals found in the Southern and Central America. These rainforest animals are so named because of their slow gait, which is an adaptation to conserve energy. Sloths have the body size of a small dog or large cat, and have three clawed toes on each limb.

Golden-helmed kalao

Golden-helmeted kalao ( Ceratogymna elata) lives in tropical forests West Africa. This is one of largest birds in this environment, which lives in forest canopies and rarely feeds on the ground. Birds of this species live in small family groups consisting of an adult pair and several chicks.

Kinkajou

The kinkajou is one of the rainforest animals that is mistaken for a monkey or ferret. The tropical forests of Central and South America are considered the homeland of kinkajou. These nocturnal animals are arboreal and have an omnivorous diet. Unfortunately, they are hunted for their valuable wool.

Upper tier

There are several in this rainforest level giant trees, reaching a height of about 45-55 m or even higher. Thus, these trees rise above the canopy. They are well adapted to withstand strong winds And high temperatures over the canopy. When such trees die, holes are formed in the canopy, allowing sunlight reach the lower layers of the tropical forest.

Crowned eagle

Crowned Eagle ( Stephanoaetus coronatus) is a massive and fierce carnivore common in the upper layer of tropical forests. The eagle primarily feeds on mammals, including small ungulates, small primates, birds and lizards. It is one of the largest eagles in Africa, but is now classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to large-scale habitat destruction.

Royal colobus

Royal colobus ( Colobus polykomos) is one of the rainforest animals that is found in the tropical forests of Africa in countries such as Senegal, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau and Ivory Coast. The royal colobus lives in the upper layer of the forest, but feeds usually on the ground.3 to 4 females and 1 to 3 males form together one social group.

Giant flying fox

Giant flying fox ( Pteropus vampyrus) is one of the largest bat species in the world. It lives in tropical forests, where it feeds exclusively on nectar, fruits and flowers. Although these bats do not have the ability to echolocate, they use their sharp vision to locate food sources.