Submarine mechanic. Commander of an electromechanical warhead Commanders of a warhead of 5 deep submersibles
a) lose ship property
“There was a loss at night. Last night, our fishermen hung a portable searchlight overboard - they lured the fish into the light. The fish didn’t get lured out, but the searchlight gurgled ... The searchlight disappeared somehow strangely: the mount was reliable, a metal bracket with two bolts. The loop at the end is whole , there is no bracket in it. Poltergeist, and only ... " And further, failures in the operation of the onboard equipment of two warheads at once - electromechanical and navigational units are described, repairs require a power outage, for an attempt to make repairs without power outage, one of the ship's electrical specialists pays with an injury. Permission to turn off the ship's power supply can only be given by the command of the fleet. The commander of the ship "beats" the telegram to the operational duty officer of the fleet, asking for the appropriate permission. “But the operative on the shore pulls the bagpipes, does not dare to give the go-ahead. There is no answer for five, ten, twenty, forty minutes ...(ship commander) spits(Dolzhikov S., No. 9, 2002, p. 21). Let us note for ourselves the colloquial units "beat / beat off the telegram", "the fish did not lure", "pulls the bagpipes", (the commander) "spits" (a characteristic gesture expressing feelings of indignation and annoyance). The units of military and naval jargon are:
operational- operational duty officer (at the headquarters of the fleet), in another place of the story we find in the same meaning operas
"give good"(give permission, possibly from the letter signal "D" of the naval code of signals, meaning, among other things, "Yes, I agree, I allow" - Dictionary of Naval Jargon N.A. Kalanova);
b) to shelter an owl on board
Senior midshipman Sh. tells how the sailors of one ship on which he served caught an owl that had flown onto the ship and placed it in a cage on the eve of a dead ship's parrot. After that, the endless misadventures of the ship's crew began: in a neutral port at the base of the fleet, the team was not given the required currency, but they were ordered to take on board "cargo 200". One of the main engines “flew” in the open sea, but they could not “scoop out” against the wind with one engine, the ship was “dragged” onto the rocks of some Greek island, they barely repaired it and escaped. A day later - a new storm, up to nine balls, from the impacts of the waves "led" the superstructure, in the cabin at the first mate the deck went in "waves". We give the ending of the sailor's story in full: "But the misadventures of the crew did not end there either. They sit a little later in the wardroom, have lunch. A sailor from the warhead-5 comes running, reports: Comrade commander, the VRSh (adjustable pitch screw) has broken! The commander could not stand it, as he bangs on the table:" Yes, finally, throw this owl overboard! "They report, Comrade Commander, the owl has been thrown out. And then the "maslopup" rushes about: Comrade Commander, the VRSh has become in service by itself! So don't believe in signs after that"(Dolzhikov S., No. 10, 2002, p. 11). Let's try to comment on the lexical composition of the sailor's story. The immediacy of the oral narration is achieved through the use of figurative phrases - the engine “flew” (the engine failed), “dragged onto the rocks” (carried onto the rocks), “pulled out” against the wind "(they row with oars, but here we are talking about that the remaining engine in the ranks does not have enough power to ensure the ship's movement against the wind), "led" superstructures "(the structures of the surface of the ship were deformed)," banged on the table "(hit the table with his fist - an energetic gesture expressing extreme indignation) In addition, the sailor's story is replete with vocabulary of military and naval jargon:
"cargo 200"- both a code name and a euphemism. "Gruz 200" is both a dead (deceased) soldier and his remains, placed in a sealed zinc coffin, which, in turn, is immersed in a voluminous wooden box. The weight of such a mournful structure is significant; from 6 to 8 people are involved to carry it;
"BCH-5"(be-che-five) is a code name expressed using the initial type abbreviation for " warhead(number) 5", in the dictionary of N.A. Kalanov there is a decoding of all warheads of the ship, in particular, BCh-5 is an electromechanical warhead;
VRSh(ve-er-she) is an abbreviation of the initial type of the name of one of the most important mechanisms for regulating the speed of a ship. The author every time gives a transcript - an adjustable pitch screw;
"maslopup"- machinist, bilge officer, sailor from BCh-5, we also note the borrowed from the jargon of the criminal environment "rushes" - resorts.
One of the forms of existence and oral transmission of units of naval jargon is their consolidation in subculture military sailors. Here are some examples:
abyrvalg- the inconsistent report of the orderly sailor at the appearance of high authorities. "... Somehow this very chief comes to check one of the ships. He goes down to the cockpit - and the local orderly, seeing the high authorities, was speechless. He tries to report something, but it turns out only "abyrvalg", as they say in the fleet "(Dolzhikov S., No. 9, 2002, p. 30);
jar- daily post. Among the numerous meanings of the word, we find "a piece of furniture on which you can sit (a chair, a stool)" (Korovushkin, 2000). S. Dolzhikov reproduces naval folklore: "I jar I stand / And look with all my eyes. / How does which boss go - / I open my breadmaker "(Dolzhikov S. No. 8, 2002, p. 10). "Standing on a jar" in the navy means the same as "standing on a bedside table" in army units - to perform the duties of an orderly in the inner attire, for example, to be orderly in the barracks.Our consultant, captain of the first rank A.G. Kuznetsov, recalling his cadet years in the navy, told us about the procedure known to him for initiation into sailors - applying several blows with a die "can" (barracks stool) in a bare place below the back. The dictionaries of V.P. Korovushkin and N.A. Kalanova indicate that a belt badge is used in the initiation described above;
to scrub- to clean in the ship's toilet (in naval jargon - in a latrine or iv.k. (from English. water closet ). V.P. Korovushkin registers a different spelling: duchka, -i, f. Point in the toilet. The word, according to him, was used in 1980-90. in one of the military schools in Poltava. S. Dolzhikov reflects on the different social significance of this inherently slang phraseological unit, depending on who uses it and in relation to whom. At the same time, let's pay attention to the word " pointer", not registered in the dictionaries of V.P. Korovushkin and N.A. Kalanov, which is used" years old"(old-timers in the navy) in the practice of hazing." Still a strange thing - military service. If K. cleaned up the latrine at someone's "instruction", it would be an accident, almost a crime. And if the commander of the department sent his "duchki to scrub" - this is called "disciplinary practice", worthy of any encouragement "(Dolzhikov S., No. 9, 2002, p. 41. "Disciplinary practice" - the application of the provisions of the disciplinary charter to subordinates. One of the punishments is an order out of turn for cleaning, including the toilet - B.B.);
ichthyander click - regurgitate the contents of your stomach. Let us explain with an extract from S. Dolzhikov’s story: “For lunch, borscht and cutlets. They cook deliciously. On the table - mayonnaise in Shrovetide, pickles, a pile of garlic cloves. "Ichthyander to click" and therefore constantly kept a canvas bucket next to him" (Dolzhikov S. No. 8, 2002, p. 13). Dictionaries V.P. Korovushkina and N.A. Kalanov do not register this euphemism, in them we find something known since the days of the sailing fleet " poison". In one of the paintings" Frigate "Pallada" I.A. Goncharov (the book was published in the first edition in 1879), we find an explanation of the verb "poison": "Soon, seasickness was discovered in young sailors who were prone to it or who had not been on the campaign for a long time ... here is a young man, a midshipman, turns pale, sinks into a chair; his eyes he is dimmed, his head tilts to the side. Here they changed the sentry, and, giving up his gun, he runs headlong to the forecastle. The officer wanted to shout something to the sailors, but suddenly turned his face to the sea and leaned on board ... "What is it, you, it seems, poisons?" - says another to him. ( Etch, Etch- means to release a little rope). You barely have time to bounce first from one, then from the other ... "(Goncharov, 1976, 17. The italics belong to I.A. Goncharov - B.B.);
a man with an ax crept up - the phrase, apparently, grows out of the figurativeness of the verb "cut down" (smb.), otherwise, "introduce someone into a state of shock, loss of consciousness (about physical or emotional impact" - Mokienko, Nikitina, 2000). A certain mythical "man with an ax" sneaks up behind the watchman who is struggling with sleep and hits the unfortunate man on the back of the head, "knocks out" him. A person is smeared, he literally falls into a dream. S. Dolzhikov writes out an amateur poet’s poems from a notebook: “You are sitting on the watch, your ears are swollen, / Thoughts about a girlfriend come, / And at this time behind your shoulder / A man sneaks with an ax. , / Pour a hundred grams and let me know, / When we need to be "knocked out ..." (Dolzhikov S., No. 11, 2002, p. 29;"ears swell" from head phones, in common parlance - headphones in which radio operators are on duty - B.B.);
"Drag…"- contraction of the statutory address, including "comrade" plus the name of the corresponding military rank, for example, "Comrade Lieutenant Commander". S. Dolzhikov overheard this simplified appeal to himself and other officers: "Drag, can I have some ice?", "Drag, give me a cigarette"(Dolzhikov S., No. 9 and 11. 2002, p. 41 and 30, respectively);
awl-alcohol.C. Dolzhikov explains: For a long time in the Navy, alcohol has had a strange slang name - "awl". This title is whole story. Once upon a time, back in the sailing fleet, vodka, a glass of which was certainly poured to sailors before dinner (who didn’t drink, they added a nickel to their salary every day), was stored in leather wineskins. The ties were somehow specially sealed there, so that it could be seen if someone encroached on the sacred. So the most cunning sailors got the hang of piercing wineskins. The alcohol obtained in this way was called "awl" or "awl". Well, the name has come down to our rocket times, although no one has been storing alcohol in wineskins for a long time - they now keep it in special stainless steel kegs(Dolzhikov S., No. 9, 2002, p. 23);
scab- a device with which the metal is cleaned of rust before painting. "Shkryabka", as some boatswain called this simple tool, probably at the dawn of the steam fleet, it is a small curved piece of iron with sharpened ends. They peel off and “tap” the old paint with it, cleaning the superstructures and sides to the metal "(Dolzhikov S., No. 11, 2002, p. 17.);
skerries– (Sw. sk ä r ) various cracks, narrowness, wider - secluded places where you can store various things and even hide for a leisurely conversation with a friend in a difficult maritime service: "Be strong, brother, the time will come - / There will be no" bastards "and shoulder straps, / And somewhere in a secluded" skerry "/ We will jam the moonshine" (Dolzhikov S., No. 11, 2002, p. 23).
The completion of the speech portrait a separate division military sailors and military sailors in general could serve as a sample of everything that generally characterizes the Russian colloquial speech, however, in its "literary" version: "to drive (into smth.)" (understand smth.), "cracker" (dry wine), "shake (smth. on smth.)" (make someone spend money), "buy (smth.)" (successfully play a trick on someone), "prick (smth. on smth.)" (deceive someone by getting he has smth.), "joke" (a joke on someone), "throw down on smth." (raise money for smth.), "immeasurably" (a lot), "talk about life" (talk heart to heart), etc.
The materials cited by us confirm the presence of stereotypes in the speech practice of military sailors, reflecting the communicative needs of society and, in their totality, forming a social and speech portrait of representatives of the named social group(Krysin in: Modern Russian language, 2003, 535).
Literature
Borovik A.G. Meet me at the three cranes. - In the book: Borovik A.G. Hidden War. - M .: Collection "Top Secret", 2000. S. 9-88.
Goncharov I.A. Frigate "Pallada". Travel essays in two volumes. M.: "Sov. Russia", 1976.
Dolzhikov S. Days and nights of naval special forces. Documentary story. - "Warrior of Russia", Nos. 8-11.
Kalanov N.A. Sea jargon dictionary. - M .: "Azbukovnik", "Russian Dictionaries", 2002. Korovushkin V.P. Dictionary of Russian military jargon. - Yekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House. un-ta, 2000.
Korovushkin V.P. Dictionary of Russian military jargon: non-standard vocabulary and phraseology of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations Russian Empire, USSR and Russian Federation XVIII - XX centuries. - Yekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House. un-ta, 2000.
Krysin L.P. Modern Russian intellectual: an attempt at a speech portrait // Russian language in scientific coverage. No. 1. 2001. S. 90-106.
Krysin L.P. Dictionary foreign words. - 2nd ed. add. – M.: Rus. yaz., 2000.
Mokienko V.M., Nikitina T.G. Big dictionary of Russian jargon. - St. Petersburg: "Norint", 2000.An exposition in journalism is a short text that precedes the main text of a publication. In some cases, this is a mini-abstract, in others - a statement of the central idea of the publication. Here, the exposition is made in the classical form of a publisher's annotation: it contains information about the author and a general assessment of the story, the meaning of which is to attract the reader's attention.
In its totality, the vocabulary of military and naval jargon forms an expressive component of the generalized speech portrait of modern military men in general and military sailors in particular. When analyzing the material, we rely on the text of the story, the above-mentioned dictionaries of military and naval jargons, consultations of the captain of the first rank A.G. Kuznetsov, our own more than thirty years of service in the armed forces, of which three years in lieutenant's shoulder straps we had the good fortune to serve among military sailors.
Can you smoke on the submarine?? How often and where??? If any special (special) recommendations?? and got the best answer
Answer from Alexander Ryaboy[guru]
Here is how smoking on submarines is described on the website avtonomka.org:
"It was hard for those who suffered from an addiction - smoking. Smoking is strictly prohibited underwater, and on the surface - only on the bridge. True," under the RDP "sailors still managed to smoke near working diesel engines. And so from 45 to 90 days.
Smoking on the 1st generation submarines was allowed only when surfaced on the bridge. If the commander of the warhead-5 or division commander -3 was the smoker, then some smokers managed to take a few puffs. In a submerged position, the boat was slightly "blown" and there was increased pressure in the compartments up to 800 mm Hg. pole or more. This was often artificially done by the aforementioned mechanics. To relieve excess pressure, a diesel engine was started for several minutes, near which smokers gathered. On boats of the 2nd and next generations, smoking rooms were provided, from the walls of which an unpleasant smell of tobacco emanated after a short time. "
And here is what is said about smoking in the Ship Charter of the Russian Navy (2001)
Chapter 11 Ship Rules
Rules of conduct for personnel on board:
453. Smoking on the ship is allowed only in places specified
ship order.
In addition, smoking is prohibited:
a) during reviews, alarms, exercises, classes and emergency work, and
also at the posts of service of ship outfits;
b) on boats and other watercraft, standing at the side of the ship;
c) on boats with engines running on light fuel.
Smoking areas should have
ashtrays or water containers. Smoking on the navigation bridge
is allowed to the commander of the ship and, with his permission, officers and
midshipmen, and on submarines, in addition, foremen and sailors.
“The time has come to recognize all submarine crews as special risk units, endowing their members with worthy social guarantees. We must finally realize that we live in a great maritime power. Great even in the grandeur of its maritime disasters, not to mention its indisputable great achievements ... Today, every Russian is simply obliged to know the names of his underwater aces, pioneers and martyrs ... "
Retired Rear Admiral Shtyrov A.T.
Answer from 2 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: ...Is it possible to smoke on a submarine?? How often and where??? If any special (special) recommendations??
Answer from ..
[guru]
they usually smoke when they rise briefly from the water, open the hatch, breathe air and smoke if allowed
Answer from Evgeny Kospersky[guru]
recommendations of submariners - a smoker to land overboard through the torpedo compartment
Answer from Obormot Cat[guru]
Eat special place, on a nuclear submarine, IT IS STRONG EQUIPMENT FOR AIR CLEANING AND A LONG TIME OF AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION, on diesel ones - it’s impossible (few opportunities for converting carbon monoxide) - you can endure,
Answer from Paul[guru]
The divers themselves organize such a place. Usually near ventilation. In the general ventilation of the submarine there are carbon filters. Then they smoke in turn, strictly observing the PB.
Lieutenant Satrapinsky V.P. with demobilized foremen say goodbye to the dead comrades
Fire on the nuclear submarine K-3 "Leninsky Komsomol". So much has been written on this topic that it seems: is it possible to find something new that will shed light on this event? Sometimes they refer to the opinion of the famous submariners Alexander Leskov and Yuri Nekrasov. These are respected people who gave their best years to the native navy in its most difficult section - submarines. Since then, a lot of time has passed and their memory sometimes, apparently, fails.
For example, A.Ya. Leskov confused the base at which the K-3 arrived after the accident. It was not Gremikha, but Malaya Lopatka Zapadnaya Litsa, from which all submarines based there were removed.
During the last trip on a boat with a sailor, a misfortune happened - appendicitis. The ship's doctor Fomin successfully performed the operation, but the difficult conditions in the submarine interfered with the healing process, which could lead to a difficult result, and a command was given from Moscow to meet with the passing ship and transfer the patient - he remained alive and met us in Zapadnaya Litsa in September, and according to A. Leskov, he was dead.
We went to the meeting place at a decent speed. I was on watch in the 7th compartment, when suddenly the boat went into depth with a large trim, a command was given from the central post to transfer the entire load to the starboard side, and the left turbine was reversed, but the boat could not be stopped, and they gave reverse and the right turbine, as a result of which all the energy fell on the battery.
I don’t remember exactly what the immersion depth was, but the squares on which the equipment and starters were attached deformed with a bang. The boat surfaced, and the reason was the work of the "Tourmaline" system, which was put on the boat in an experimental version.
The Tourmaline system was wrong and gave the command to dive - the boat dived and made us worry. On the way to the base, an order was received in the North Sea to wait for the beginning of the exercises of the NATO ships, but the weather did not allow the NATO ships to conduct the exercises due to a severe storm.
On September 5, an order was issued by the USSR Ministry of Defense on the dismissal of sailors and foremen who had served their term. On the boat, the mood was festive, I was asked to play the march "Farewell to the Slavyanka", since the ship's tape recorder was out of order. That evening, September 7, in the wardroom for officers, a film by the Kyiv studio "Star of the Ballet" was playing.
A colorful film, women's ballet on ice, everyone sat spellbound by beauty, sometimes someone made jokes to the lieutenants sitting on the deck under the table. I had an instruction behind my belt, and in the morning I had to pass a test on it to the commander of the BC-5 Zaitsev Vitaly Vasilyevich.
He was my countryman, and it was inconvenient for me to disgrace myself with uncertain answers in front of him. Having missed the film, I left the wardroom amid the witticism of my colleagues and headed to the energy compartment to read the instructions again and look at the equipment.
In the 4th compartment, I met motorist Viktor Taraban, who, after the shift, went to the first compartment to sleep. "Why did you change your habits of sleeping directly on the auxiliary diesels during the hike?" I asked him. He slyly replied: "I want to sleep like a human being." If only he knew how it would end. Before the trip, he received a letter from his mother, she asked him to come soon, because. the roof was completely leaky, and there was no one to help her.
I had trusting relationship with the personnel of the electrical engineering group and not only with them, I lived alone in the north, my wife had just given birth to my son and, interrupting her studies at the Pediatric Institute in Leningrad, left for the Volga, so I lived in the barracks and was a permanent support officer of the crew.
The guys in the crew were strong and strong, especially Taraban, Gaivas - they went with me on patrol and on duty at the commandant's office, and I was always sure that my back was protected. Most of the officers were athletes in the past, Zarembovsky V.L. was a vivid example. and Stepanov Yu.F., who replaced Pervushin G.S. a month before going to the Mediterranean.
The crew of the boat was the same as the other crews, only it was an honor to serve on K-3, and the previous trip under the ice of the Arctic Ocean to determine the thickness of the ice that the boat's hull could break to apply missile attack, proved that it was not by chance that this famous ship was entrusted.
In this campaign, Lieutenant Commander Leskov A.Ya. was not, and therefore it is not respectable to talk about some unprepared crew.
The emergency alarm caught me in the 8th compartment, it was really the voice of the assistant commander Leskov A.Ya. In a matter of seconds, I was in the 4th compartment and reported to the CPU. I immediately heard the voice of V.V. Zaitseva: "Everyone should wear IDA and ISP." The boat was going to the surface, the stormy sea immediately made itself felt: the boat began to rock longitudinally, i.e. a keel appeared.
At that moment, I heard Leskov's command to turn on the exhaust fan, which is installed in the 4th compartment, on the bow compartments. The sailors quickly complied with the command and opened the valve between the 3rd and 4th compartments. When the fan was turned on, smoke poured into the 4th compartment, because. the water had not yet left the wheelhouse.
Political officer, captain 2nd rank Zhilyaev L.A. first climbed to the bridge and took command of the ship, because. submarine commander Stepanov Yu.F. when opening the cockpit hatch, he broke his head and lost consciousness, so that at the same time we had three commanders at once: Zhilyaev, Leskov and Nekrasov. Is not it too much?
The survivability of the boat was commanded by V.V. Zaitsev, midshipman Lunya M. periodically put on a gas mask when he lost consciousness. The commander of the warhead-5 decided to flood 1 compartment, but in order for the boat not to dive into the depths, he threw out the bow horizontal rudders at his own peril and risk, and we immediately felt this through the strong impacts of the waves on the rudders.
Literally in the first minute Leskov A.Ya. lost consciousness, and at the command of PJ Nekrasov Yu.N. he was handed to me through the hatch of the third compartment, and I, the commander of the fourth compartment, V.P. until the end of the campaign, I did not leave the fourth compartment, and Leskov A.Ya. lay in the 8th compartment before arriving at the base.
In the seventh compartment, G.N. Borisov, my mentor in the specialty on this boat, most of the electricians died in the bow compartments.
In the third compartment, wet blankets were placed on the bulkhead of the second compartment in order to somehow bring down the temperature. Literally before the fire, V.V. Zaitsev reminded V. Mikhnin, the foreman of the team of electricians, to turn on the hydrogen afterburning furnaces and measure the density of the electrolyte, and he conscientiously performed this work, was captured in the compartment and was the last to report from the SPS post.
A day later, we were met by ships and a lifeguard, and immediately felt better at heart. True, we refused to be replaced by a reserve crew and insisted that the ships move to a safe distance from us.
Admiral Zarembovsky V.L. arrived in my compartment, he was all wet, I took out a set of diving underwear, and he changed into dry clothes. Vladislav Leonidovich was highly respected by many officers. He was a real erudite, versed in politics, art, music, was in excellent sports shape.
He addressed the officers politely, even knew the lieutenants by name and patronymic, and if he noticed any mistakes, he first told him how to do it, and this was more impressive than the punishment. The presence of Divisional Commander Ignatov, Zarembovsky and Zaitsev inspired us with confidence in the successful outcome of this struggle for the preservation of submarines and our lives.
In his speeches, A. Leskov often mentions that the crew was a team. Yes, it was true, instead of the assistant commander Gorev, who was seconded to another submarine, Leskov came two days before the trip, Tolya Mahler was also seconded instead of the group commander who had left for the basketball competition.
After graduating from college, I was sent to Northern Fleet. First, he was appointed commander of the ENG submarine, then he was transferred as the commander of the ETG in his specialty to another boat, but from the beginning of December 1966 he was sent to the Lenin Komsomol. Marines did not pay me, although the boat was in the company. Paid only for valid exits to the sea. This was beneficial to the financiers, and there were many such officers. At the commission after this accident, they asked me what I would like in the future, and I asked to serve where I stand on the state, to provide housing so that I could bring my family to the north.
I was transferred to another boat, where V.P. was the deputy commander for political affairs. Nekrasov, later a member of the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet, Vice Admiral. I went to another autonomy, but everything remained the same.
There was an unspoken order from the crew of the K-3 not to send them to autonomous units, but I insisted on my own and they allowed me. Frankly speaking, the campaign was tense for me, I automatically felt all the changes in the course and the depth of the submarine’s immersion, even in a dream, in order to be ready to instantly be on a combat post.
Our commander, Yu.F. Stepanov, when he arrived at K-3 after repairs, lost consciousness in the second compartment. I remember that smell of burnt meat, it was not interrupted even by fresh painting.
Many years later I met Captain 1st Rank Yu.F. Stepanov in Sevastopol. We froze for a moment, then hugged like brothers, however, we didn’t have time to say much, I hurried to the ship to go to sea for a test.
With V.V. Zaitsev, we met in Nikolaev and in Moscow and have maintained friendship to this day. In the city of Nikolaev, I worked on the rescue ships of the SS "Alagez" and "Elbrus".
Unfortunately, these unique rescuers of nuclear submarines with a powerful lifting system of retractable trusses and unique underwater vehicles capable of descending to depths of up to 4000 meters turned into a pile of metal in the nineties. Like the Berezina, and many other ships and submarines.
In conclusion, I want to say that if anyone is worthy of the title of hero from the crew " Lenin Komsomol"who saved the boat are: Zaitsev V.V., Stepanov Yu.F., Mahler A., Kamorkin L.
Memory
Forgive us, who have forgotten your faces,For the fleet that we loved
Forever standing at the entrance to our Face,
You who did not return from the northern depths.
By seniority in the ranks forever frozen:
Gorshkov, Kamorkin, Ganin and Smirnov
And the names of others who are not forgotten
In the houses of my father's Russian cities.
In houses where memory is like in the corners of an icon,
Over the years, becoming a type of saints,
And life goes by a ruthless law,
Young people were sent to replace us.
And again the movie "Ballet Star",
The swirling lieutenant, sitting under the table -
He looks at the screen like a child without a ticket,
We looked in the distant past.
I was sitting there on that fateful date,
Still not knowing that after only an hour
To all who sit here as soldiers,
We'll have to give our lives to save us.
You didn't have to hear those sobs
And a woman's cry among the gloomy rocks
The voices of relatives, grave suffering,
And the voice of the son that he was looking for his father.
He did not find, but still not believing
I tried to look into the hatch of the submarine,
He said that dad is there outside the door,
Help me get it back.
He promised, he gave a man's word,
What, when he returns, we go to the Urals,
But someone is inappropriate and harsh
He suddenly said: "Boatswain! Declare a job!"
Years have passed, the edges of pain have become equal,
But I can't get rid of the memory
When at that moment, against our will
Forced to believe the warhead-5.
We heard over the loudspeaker
Calm voice: "Everyone put on IDA",
And from the second lava burning
Trouble broke into the central post.
And maybe those calm words were enough
He helped us overcome our fear,
Hope came and strength returned
And staying power in such a short amount of time.
I was ready to rush into the heat of battle,
The irresistible tread of the sea.
To be with you, Painter Tolya,
Becoming a powerful flooding river.
So that you come out of the fire cheerful,
And the commander in the fire did not fall into oblivion,
So that mothers do not shed tears in the villages
And sad they were not housing.
So that over the planet in summer evening thunderstorms,
They gave moisture to the mountains and fields,
To men colorful roses
They were given to wives, sisters, mothers.
Many ship modellers or just those people who are interested in naval topics are probably aware of the existence of destroyers of the "Mechanical Engineer Zverev" type. Built (who would have thought!) In Germany, ten ships of this type served for a quarter of a century, first as part of the Russian Imperial, and then the Red Baltic Fleet, participated in the First World War and civil wars. From a technical point of view, the destroyers "Mechanical Engineer Zverev" were no different - ordinary 400-ton vessels with a crew of 70 people, armed with torpedoes and 75 mm guns. The workhorses of the fleet. But what kind of person was the mechanical engineer Zverev, whose name was given to a whole series of ships?
A hundred years ago, the position of a ship's mechanic was not at all held in high esteem - in the hot darkness of boiler rooms and engine rooms, only persons of "non-noble blood" worked. Even despite the assignment of officer ranks* to mechanics and a good education received within the walls of military engineering schools, they were not allowed to wear a dagger with a dress uniform for a long time. Construction workers, navigators and gunners treated their colleagues with some contempt - after all, until recently, the windlass for the anchor chain was the most complex ship mechanism.
*however, the ranks of the mechanics of the tsarist fleet also differed from the officer ranks and sounded completely different from the military: junior mechanical engineer, senior mechanical engineer, flagship mechanical engineer, chief inspector of the mechanical part.
By the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of steam engines and electric drives, mechanics became indispensable - now the outcome of a naval battle depended on the serviceability of the mechanical part, and as a result, the safety of the ship and the life of the entire crew. One of the brightest cases that forced the command of the fleet to reconsider its attitude towards ship mechanics was the feat of Vasily Vasilyevich Zverev.
On the night of March 14, 1904, the Japanese fleet attempted to sabotage the inner roadstead of the Port Arthur fortress. Four minelayers, under the cover of six destroyers, were supposed to break through to the inner roadstead in a suicidal attack and flood, blocking the entrance to the base.
The patrol destroyer "Strong" under the command of Lieutenant Krinitsky discovered the enemy crouching in the dark - the Russian sailors without hesitation rushed to the attack, turning the lead of the Japanese ships into a flaming torch. At the same moment, the Japanese discovered the "Strong", whose silhouette was brightly highlighted by the flames of a fire on a Japanese steamer.
And then the laws of drama came into effect: one against six. Miracles do not happen - a crazy Japanese shell pierced the skin in the area of \u200b\u200bthe engine room, shrapnel cut through the steam pipeline. The destroyer "Strong" turned into a stationary target.
Through the scalding steam, the senior mechanical engineer Zverev was the first to run up to the place of damage to the steam pipeline. Grabbing a cork mattress that fell under his arm, he tried to throw it over a torn pipe, from which a deadly jet of superheated steam was beating. In vain - the mattress was thrown aside. A moment to think, how can you securely fix the patch? - Mechanical engineer Zverev lifted the mattress and threw himself on the red-hot steam pipeline, tightly pressing his body against it.
The next day, the whole of Port Arthur came out to bury Vasily Zverev, the feat of the sailor received a response abroad, French newspapers called the mechanical engineer Zverev the pride of Russia.
V.V. Zverev was born in 1865 in the city of Murom, a graduate of the Kronstadt Naval School. In 1903 he was assigned to the destroyer Strong, where he was awarded the title of senior mechanical engineer. For his feat, he was posthumously awarded the Order of St. George IV degree.
The work of ship mechanics was dangerous and difficult. The bilge team, led by mechanical engineers, fought to the last for the survivability of the ship - often there was no time left to get out on the upper deck and take a place in the boats. Flipped in time Tsushima battle the battleship "Oslyabya" carried 200 people of the engine crew to the bottom in her womb.
It is terrible to imagine what these people experienced in the last minutes of their lives - when the ship capsized, the engine room turned into a hellish crush filled with screams of horror. In pitch darkness, a hail of loose objects fell upon the stokers and machinists, and the mechanisms that continued to rotate dragged and tore the sailors to pieces. And at that moment water poured into the engine rooms ...
The officers remained to the end with their subordinates - there was not a single mechanical engineer among the surviving members of the Oslyabi team. Here are the names of those who remained in their posts to the end: Senior Ship Engineer Colonel N.A. Tikhanov, assistant ship mechanic lieutenant G.G. Danilenko, junior mechanical engineer Lieutenant L.A. Bykov, bilge mechanic lieutenant P.F. Uspensky, junior mechanical engineer warrant officers S.A. Maistruk and V.I. Medvedchuk, engine conductors Evdokim Kurbashnev and Ivan Kobylov.
Longitudinal section of the battleship "Oslyabya". The location of the boiler rooms and engine rooms is clearly visible - in the event of a quick death of the ship, it is impossible to escape from there.
BC-5 - the heart of the ship
Nowadays, the engine-boiler team is called the "Electromechanical warhead" or briefly BCh-5. ** It is difficult to describe the merits of these sailors, given the amount of power and auxiliary equipment on modern ships Navy, tens of kilometers of cables and pipelines, hundreds of valves and electrical panels.
The service became even more dangerous and responsible with the advent of nuclear weapons on ships. power plants– how many times, risking their lives, turbinists, mechanics, instrumentation specialists eliminated serious accidents and emergencies. July 3, 1961 there was a depressurization of the reactor at the nuclear submarine K-19. Volunteers from the crew of the boat assembled a pipeline for emergency cooling of the reactor from improvised means. Within a few minutes, spent next to the blazing heat of the reactor, people's faces swelled up and foam came from the mouth, but they continued to work with the welding machine. The accident was liquidated at the cost of the lives of 8 submariners, including the commander of the movement division Yu.N. Povstiev.
Sailor Serezha Perminin
Or the feat of the 20-year-old sailor of the special hold group, Sergei Preminin, from the K-219 submarine, who manually extinguished the infernal nuclear flame. Having lowered all four bars, the sailor no longer had the strength to open the hatch of the reactor compartment, deformed from high temperature. He went down with the boat Atlantic Ocean at the point with coordinates 31°28′01″ s. sh. 54°41′03″ W d.
In October 2010, an accident occurred on the destroyer Bystry of the Pacific Fleet - a fuel line burst in the engine room. The hold flared up hot, there was a threat of detonation of fuel tanks - 300 people were one step away from death. Aldar Tsydenzhapov, a 19-year-old boiler room engineer, rushed headlong into the heat to cut off the fuel line. Burning alive, he managed to turn the valve. Later, the doctors established that Aldar received a 100% body burn. It is difficult to find words of consolation for the relatives of the brave sailor - they were waiting for a son from the army, and not the star of the Hero.
** The ship charter of the Naval Forces of the Red Army of 1932 established the following procedure for organizing the crews of ships:
BCH-1 - navigational,
BCH-2 - artillery (rocket),
BCH-3 - mine-torpedo,
BCH-4 - communication,
BCH-5 - electromechanical.
[i]
On the shore of Strelok Bay, near the pier of the destroyer "Bistry", a sign in memory of the Hero of Russia, sailor Aldar Tsydenzhapov
GENERAL PROVISIONS8. The main combat purpose of the ship is to defeat the forces and means of the enemy by combat impact.
The organization of a ship is built in accordance with its combat mission on the basis of the tasks solved by a given class (subclass) of ships. The organizational and staffing structure of the ship is established by its staff.
9. At the head of the ship is ship commander. To help the commander of the ship are assigned:
- senior assistant (assistant), who is the first deputy commander of the ship,
- deputies And assistants, determined by the state of the ship.
The entire personnel of the ship is its crew.
10. In order to best use weapons and the use of technical means in combat, combat units and services are created on ships:
On individual ships, depending on their specialization and design features, other services can be created.
11. Combat units and services, depending on the rank of the ship, are divided into divisions, groups, batteries and teams (departments) in accordance with the state of the ship.
At the head of combat units, divisions (groups, batteries) are their commanders, and at the head of services - chiefs.
12. On ships of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ranks, one officer may be entrusted with the command of two or more combat units or services.
13. The primary structural units of the ship's personnel are departments. They are led by squad leaders. Squads may be reduced to teams led by team leaders.
14. To ensure the daily activities of surface ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, subunits are created that are not part of the combat units (services).
The functions of the boatswain team on submarines are performed by a team of helmsmen-signalmen.
15. For combat, the personnel of the ship are distributed among command posts and combat posts.
Personnel who are not scheduled for combat alert at the combat posts of their combat units (services) sign for combat posts of other combat units (services). Since the announcement of the combat alert ( drill alert) he comes under the command of the chiefs according to the schedule for combat alert and after it is released, he returns to the command of the chiefs, under whose leadership he carries out daily service.
COMMAND POINTS AND BATTLE POSTS
16. Command post (CP) is a place equipped with the necessary controls, from where the commander directs the actions of the personnel of subordinate units, the use of weapons, the use of technical means and the fight for damage, and also maintains contact with the senior commander and interacting units.
The ship commander's command post is chief command ship item and is called GKP, and on ships of 4 ranks, where there is only one command post - KP.
In case of failure of the GKP, a reserve command post (ZKP) is created, which is equipped with redundant ship control and communication facilities. For the same purposes, combat units (services) may be equipped with spare points (SP).
On certain ship projects it is created central command point (CKP), designed to collect, process and analyze situational data and is headed by a senior assistant commander of the ship.
17. Combat post (BP) called a place on a ship with weapons or technical equipment on it that have a certain combat mission where personnel use and maintain them.
The combat post is headed battle station commander.
18. All command posts and combat posts on ships must have names, designations and serial numbers, which are defined in Appendix 1 to this Charter.
On submarines, command posts are numbered in each combat unit (service) in numerical order from bow to stern. Submarine combat post numbers consist of two or three characters (numbers or letters). The first digits (one or two) indicate the number of the compartment, the last character (the second or third digit or letter) indicates that the combat post belongs to the combat unit (service).
Combat posts of a missile warhead are assigned numbers regardless of their location in the compartments: 20, 30, 40, etc., starting from the bow of the submarine. The numbers of combat posts of auxiliary mechanisms correspond to the numbers of compartments.
On surface ships command posts and combat posts are numbered in each combat unit (service, division) in numerical order from the bow of the ship to the stern and from top to bottom along superstructures, decks and platforms.
On surface ships of the 4th rank, where combat units and services are not provided for by the state, combat posts are numbered in general order increasing numbers by ship.
BATTLE NUMBER
19. In accordance with the combat organization of the ship, midshipmen, foremen and sailors are assigned combat numbers, which are entered in personnel numbering sheet.
The combat number consists of three parts:
The first part (number or letter) indicates in which combat unit (service) the midshipman, foreman or sailor is located according to the combat alert schedule;
The second part (one, two or three digits) indicates the number of the combat post where the midshipman, foreman or sailor is located according to the combat alert schedule;
The third part (two digits) determines whether the midshipman, foreman or sailor belongs to the combat shift; the first digit indicates the number of the combat shift, the second digit - the serial number of the midshipman, foreman or sailor in the shift.
Combat shifts are assigned the following numbers:
First combat shift - 1, 5, 7;
Second combat shift - 2, 4, 8;
Third combat shift - 3, 6, 9.
20. The combat number for wearing on the work clothes of foremen and sailors is made of white durable fabric and sewn onto the left outer pocket, the inscription is applied in black paint.
For foremen and sailors who are not admitted to the performance of duties in their position, as well as for cadets and trainees undergoing practice on a ship, the first digit (letter) of the combat number is preceded by the number "0" (zero).
On the special uniforms of all officers and midshipmen, an inscription is made indicating the short name of the position.
The height of the numbers and letters of the combat number (inscription) should be 30 millimeters.
21. Midshipmen, foremen and sailors receive a "Combat Number" book, which indicates their place and duties for all ship schedules, as well as the numbers of personal weapons assigned to them, gas masks, etc.
Books "Battle Number" are strictly registered. When leaving ashore, the books are handed over to the persons on duty and are returned upon delivery of the leave note.
SHIP SCHEDULE22. Ship schedules are drawn up for the purpose of distributing personnel to command posts and combat posts for the use of weapons and the use of the ship's technical equipment, as well as for the performance of other systematically recurring ship activities and work.
Ship schedules are divided into combat and everyday.
23. The main document that determines the organization of the ship in battle is combat alert schedule. This timetable is the basis of all other ship timetables.
24. The personnel of the ship are distributed among command posts and combat posts, taking into account their specialty, level of training, and physical qualities. The purpose of the distribution is to ensure the most effective use of weapons and the use of the ship's technical means in combat, the struggle for the ship's survivability and the interchangeability of personnel.
25. Each officer of the ship in battle must have two deputies. This provision applies equally to midshipmen and foremen who perform especially responsible duties.
The remaining midshipmen, foremen and sailors should each have one deputy. Deputies are indicated in the combat alert schedule and are trained accordingly.
The commander of the ship in battle after the senior assistant (assistant) of the commander is replaced by the officers of the ship in the order determined by order ship commander.
26. The draft of the initial combat alert schedule for the lead ship of each series is drawn up by the General Staff Navy.
For non-serial ships, the initial combat alert schedule is developed by the ship's officers under the direction of the formation headquarters on the basis of the manning list included in the ship's technical documentation.
During the construction (modernization) of the ship, the commanders of combat units and chiefs of services, under the leadership of the senior assistant (assistant) of the commander of the ship and with the participation of flagship specialists and the deputy commander for the electromechanical part of their unit, finalize the combat alert schedule. At the same time, they take into account the changes that have taken place in weapons, technical means and in their location on the ship.
The modified combat alert schedule is approved by the formation commander.
On the basis of the approved combat alert schedule on the ship, all other shipboard schedules provided for and . of this charter, and combat instructions.
27. Corrections to ship schedules and combat instructions are made as the organization of ships is worked out and experience is accumulated, as well as with structural and staff changes in the amount determined for ships of the same type by the unit commander, and for non-serial ships - by the ship commander.
28. Battle schedules include:
Combat Alert Schedule ( combat readiness № 1 ) with diagrams of technical and visual observation of the underwater, surface and air situation, with time sheets command posts, combat posts and numbering of the ship's personnel;
Schedule by Combat Readiness No. 2 with schemes of technical and visual observation of the underwater, surface and air situation.
On submarines two combat alert schedules are compiled - separately for the underwater and surface positions and two combat readiness schedules No. 2 - also for the underwater and surface positions (the schedules for the underwater position are the main ones);
Schedule for preparing the ship for combat and cruise (for submarines - for combat, cruise and diving);
Schedule for the preparation, commissioning and withdrawal of the main power plant (for ships with nuclear power plants);
Ship damage control schedule;
Schedule for abandoning the ship in case of a threat of its destruction;
Schedule for combating underwater sabotage forces and means (PDSS) for combat readiness No. 1 and No. 2 with a visual observation scheme by armed watchmen for combating PDSS (and technical supervision on anti-sabotage GAS - for surface ships);
Schedule for the acceptance (delivery) of weapons and ammunition;
Schedule of the ship's demolition team;
Schedule for special processing of the ship with layouts of areas for special processing and movement of personnel, which determines the duties of personnel for decontamination, degassing, disinfection of the ship, dosimetric and chemical control and sanitization of the crew, as well as when quarantine (observation) is introduced on the ship.
A) on submarines:
Schedule for the use of diesel or air replenishment systems under water;
Watch schedule when a diesel submarine stays on the ground;
b) on surface ships:
Schedule for providing assistance to a ship or aircraft in distress, and the removal of rescue teams from the ship;
Schedule for the preparation of the ship to receive ships aircraft, flight support and management;
Schedule for setting and lifting outboard sonar devices;
Schedule for setting and hauling trawls and prospectors;
Schedule for the preparation and setting of mines with a personnel deployment scheme;
Schedule for the reception and landing of troops and the transport of ships airborne unit with the layout of the personnel and equipment of the landing.
On ships special purpose and support vessels, depending on their specialization, other schedules may be drawn up, the list of which is determined by the formation commander.
29. TO daily schedules relate:
Schedule for departments, for inspection and verification of weapons and technical means;
Schedule for anchoring (barrel, mooring lines) and anchoring (barrels, mooring lines);
Towing schedule with towing schemes;
Schedule for the reception and transfer of solid, liquid and explosive cargoes on the move;
Schedule for cabins and quarters for housing;
Instrument schedule.
In addition to these schedules, there are:
A) on submarines:
Schedule for battery charging;
Schedule for the work of personnel on the upper deck (superstructure, overboard);
b) on surface ships:
Schedule for darkening the ship;
Schedule for launching and lifting boats.
30. The schedules indicate the place of action (command post, combat post, compartment, premises, etc.), duties of personnel, positions of officers, positions and combat numbers of midshipmen, foremen, and sailors. The names of the personnel fit into the numbering sheet of the personnel of the ship.
In the combat alert schedule as additional responsibilities the actions of the personnel of combat posts for sealing the ship's hull are indicated, according to signals "Radiation Hazard" And "Chemical Alert", to provide assistance to the wounded and injured, when sailing in difficult conditions, as well as other duties that are performed by personnel on alert, but different from the main combat functions.
31. All schedules are included in ship schedule book .
In addition, the book should include:
Scheme of the combat organization of the ship;
Scheme daily organization ship;
Ship combat scheme;
Numbering of fire horns, fire extinguishers, valves of the water protection system;
List of water and gas tight doors, hatches, necks and ventilation closures with their marking.
The book must be accompanied A collection of combat instructions for the ship's personnel .
32. On the diagram of the combat organization of the ship command posts and combat posts are shown with an indication of their subordination on combat alert.
On the ship's combat scheme a longitudinal section of the ship shows the location of all command posts, combat posts, compartments and other premises of the ship.
In combat instructions the duties of midshipmen, foremen and sailors for combat alert, for the use of weapons and the use of technical means in battle and in the fight for their survivability, for urgent immersion, as well as additional duties for sealing the ship's hull, activating diesel operation systems and air replenishment under water, by setting on the depth stabilizer, by signals "Chemical Alert"
For combat;
With an actual increase in combat readiness;
b) « A drill":
To practice the actions of the ship's crew on combat alert;
When conducting naval combat exercises with the practical use of weapons;
To conduct shipboard combat exercises and training at combat posts, including damage control, with the participation of the entire ship's personnel;
When loading (unloading) ammunition;
When leaving (entering) the ship from the base (to the base), passing through narrow places, sailing in difficult conditions;
For emergency preparation of the ship for battle and campaign.
In other cases- by decision of the ship's commander. IN war time exit (entry) from the base (to the base), passage of narrowness, navigation in difficult conditions, as well as emergency preparation of the ship for battle and campaign are carried out on alert.
Simultaneously with the announcement of a combat or training alert, its purpose is announced on the ship's broadcast;
V) « Emergency alarm» - when water enters the ship, a fire occurs, explosions, dangerous concentrations of gases (harmful substances) and other emergencies outside the battlefield;
G) « Chemical alarm» - in case of threat or detection of chemical or bacteriological contamination;
e) « Radiation Hazard" - in case of an immediate threat or detection of radioactive contamination.
Sound signals for declaring an alarm are given in Appendix 2 to this charter.
