Wild-growing fruit and berry trees and shrubs of the Crimea. Medicinal and nutritional value

Evergreen shrubs differ from trees in both size and structure - they have several thick shoot branches extending from a common base, while trees have only one trunk.

However, in different conditions growth deciduous woody plants can take the form of a bush, tree or tree, that is, the division into trees and shrubs is not clear; this is observed, for example, in the holly, ernobothria. The division into high and low shrubs is even more conditional - their size depends on both growth conditions and age. But long-term observations in the Crimea make it possible to determine the size and structure of evergreens prevailing here. hardwood and - within the common identification table - to distinguish between two groups with indication of ranges and deviations.

The main types of evergreen shrubs in the Crimea

1. Tall shrubs and trees, above 1.8 meters: brilliant privet, wrinkle-leaved viburnum, cotoneaster willowleaf, round-leaved cotoneaster, medicinal laurel cherry, Portuguese laurel cherry, oleander, scarlet pyracantha, Tobira pittosporum, Japanese eriobothria.
2. Low shrubs, below 1.8 meters: Japanese akuba, Juliana's barberry, Souli's barberry, Japanese euonymus, shrub volodushka, St. , variegated osmanthus, pharmacy rosemary, common buxus, needle-leaved sarcococcus.

Eriobothria japonica, or "medlar" Japanese

Natural area - China (Himalayas).

It has long been cultivated in Southeast Asia as a fruit tree (Japan, China, India), as well as in the USA, Georgia (Adzharia).

In Crimea, about 150 years old - like a beautiful park plant that blooms in winter; used for group and solitary plantings. The ovaries are often damaged by short-term cold snaps in December-February, so the fruits develop only occasionally - medium-sized, but with normal germinating seeds (fruits in the Caucasus are called "lokva").

Oleander

It has been cultivated since ancient times - there are many colored forms, terry varieties.

In Crimea, about 200 years old, usually as an elegant landscape gardening plant of the South Coast. There is an extensive collection of forms and varieties. It is popular outside the range as indoor and tub culture. It should be remembered that all parts of this well-known ornamental plant are poisonous.

Natural habitat - Western China.

Cultivated for about 150 years. In the Crimea - since 1930 as a profusely flowering ornamental shrub with elegant foliage.

It has been cultivated since the beginning of the 20th century as a peculiar and stable park plant.

In the Crimea, since 1929, it has been observed in the collections of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and beyond. It tolerates significant cold snaps and is found in park plantings from Sevastopol to Karadag. Yes, it's abnormal. Cold winter in January-February 2006, it was not detrimental to viburnum wrinkled-leaved in Sevastopol (the arboretum of the Musson plant named after Kalmykov).

Pittosporum, or Tobir's resin seed (Pittosporum Chinese)

Natural habitat - China, Japan.

It has been cultivated for a long time within the range - as a park and flavoring plant (for tea, cosmetics, etc.).

In the Crimea - about 150 years old, where it is used for group plantings in parks from Foros to Alushta.

Natural range - the Balkans, Asia Minor, Western Transcaucasia (Georgia), Iran.

It has long been cultivated in Europe, many garden forms.

In the Crimea, it has been grown for almost 200 years as a stable park breed. Common on the South Coast and in the adjacent area (Sevastopol - Alushta - Privetnoe); occasionally in Evpatoria, Sudak, Feodosia.

You should know that the leaves and berries contain poisonous hydrocyanic acid.

Natural range - Southeast Asia (China, Korea, Japan).

Privets are close relatives of lilacs; the genus includes about 50 species growing in the subtropics of the Old World (Southern Europe - Southeast Asia).

Long known as decorative and vintage medicinal plants; a group of closely related species from China-Japan has been cultivated for over 200 years.

In the Crimea - about 170 years. Brilliant privet, oval-leaved privet, Japanese privet and their hybrids are common in park and city plantings from Sevastopol to Feodosia, including the South Coast.

Natural habitat - Southwestern China.

Cultivated as a sustainable park breed. In Crimea - more than 150 years; used in group and alley plantings.

Laurel cherry Portuguese, or Lusitanian

Natural range - North-Western Mediterranean (Portugal, southern Spain).

Cultivated in Southern Europe for over 350 years. It was introduced in the Crimea at the beginning of the 19th century and is used in the south coast parks for group plantings. Outside the South Coast - singly (vicinities of Balaklava).

Pyracantha bright red, or scarlet

Natural range - Southern Europe, Crimea, Caucasus, Western Asia.

Cultivated as a sustainable background breed for over 350 years. In the Crimea, it grows wild, in some places, on the southern slopes - along the beams and cliffs. Elegance in flowers and fruits, bright autumn coloring of leaves and endurance allow pyracanthus to be widely used in roadside, street and group park plantings.

Varieties have been bred (according to fruit color) and cultural forms(enlarged sizes).

The natural range is the northwestern United States.

Cultivated in Europe as an unpretentious ornamental plant; berries have nutritional value - tinting wines, drinks, etc.

In the Crimea since the beginning of the 19th century - as the most resistant evergreen shrub, widely used for landscaping throughout the peninsula (known as such in central Ukraine, Russia and Central Asia).

The natural range is the northern Mediterranean, Crimea, the Caucasus, Iran.

Cultivated as an unpretentious graceful plant for over 250 years. In the Crimea, it grows wild in the mountains and foothills - in semi-shady places, light forests, along the slopes; common from Laspi to Sudak. In this zone, it was preserved in park areas or transferred to them from natural habitats (domestication).

Shrub jasmine is often found in the parks of the Crimea in the form of curtains (Foros, Alupka, Massandra, Karasan, Nikitsky Botanical Garden).

Barberry Juliana, or Julia

Natural area - Central China. In the world flora there are about 500 species of barberries, among them there are many evergreen species; cultivated in dry areas.

In Crimea - since the beginning of the 20th century; more often two species are used - the barberry Juliana (Julia) named above and the barberry Souli with reddish berries, otherwise they are difficult to distinguish. Known in fencing, roadside and group plantings from Sevastopol to Alushta.

Natural habitat - Japan.

Cultivated for about 175 years. In the Crimea - from the middle of the 19th century, it is found in the southern coastal parks (Livadia, Nikitsky Garden, Karasan, the park of the Utyos sanatorium and others). There are variegated garden forms.

Natural range - South China (Himalayas), South Japan.

Cultivated for over 150 years. In the Crimea - since the beginning of the 20th century, it often grows in the south coast parks and urban plantings from Foros to Alushta, where the upper branches sometimes freeze slightly - they are cut off, and the osmanthus remains low. There is also another species - fragrant osmanthus, which looks like a tree with spreading branches, more than 3 meters high.

The natural habitat is the Mediterranean.

Cultivated since ancient times. There are industrial plantations in France, Spain, Transcaucasia.

In the Crimea - almost 200 years, widely used in landscaping from Sevastopol to Karadag; there are experimental plots and industrial plantations on the South Coast.

The natural area is the western Mediterranean.

Since ancient times, wild lavender has been used here as a fragrant and medicinal plant. There is evidence that in France (the province of Provence) it was collected as early as the 12th century; attempts to establish plantations were made in Burgundy in the 14th century; only in 1890 did special industrial plantings appear.

In the Crimea - since 1812, as a decorative and essential oil culture. Industrial plantations of lavender were laid in 1930-1932 (Alushta essential oil state farm-plant - 40 hectares; in the 1980s - 365 hectares). Lavender oil and lavender seeds are exported; essential oils lavender and rosemary are essential raw materials for high-quality perfumes and are used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Natural area - South Korea, Japan (except for the island of Hokkaido). It has been cultivated for over 200 years in warm areas with sufficient moisture. In the Crimea, it appeared in the collection of the Nikitsky Garden more than 185 years ago. Garden variegated forms are known - the "golden tree" (yellow spots), marble (white spots). As an original noticeable plant, it is planted in small groups in parks and boulevards from Foros to Alushta; the experience of planting in Sevastopol (1980s) had a negative result.

The natural area is southwestern China.

Cultivated for over 120 years. In the Crimea - from the beginning of the 20th century, where it is used in park and city plantings for arranging open decorative curtains (rocky gardens and hills). Known from Sevastopol to Sudak.

Natural habitat - Southwestern China. Cultivated since the beginning of the 20th century as a stable shrub of the original appearance among large group decorative cotoneasters tested in the last century (the genus includes about 50 species). In the Crimea, it has been introduced into park and city plantings (groups on lawns, dry slopes, etc.).

Natural range - Southern Europe, Asia Minor.

Cultivated since the beginning of the 18th century. In Crimea - more than 100 years. Occasionally found in parks - in the area from Sevastopol to Alushta as an excellent ground cover plant, like periwinkle, but more thermophilic.

Viburnum evergreen, or laurel

The natural habitat is the Mediterranean.

Cultivated for a long time - domesticated in the zone of wild growth. In the Crimea - about 200 years; very unpretentious and has become common in park, roadside and urban plantings from Sevastopol to Sudak. In parks, it is often presented in the form of trimmed bushes - trellises, spheres and other figures.

The natural range is the western Mediterranean, including the islands and North Africa.

Cultivated since 1600. In Crimea - from the beginning of the 19th century; easily runs wild, forming stable thickets in light forests, along the beams. It is used as a drought-resistant shrub for landscaping slopes, coastal and roadside areas in the area from Evpatoria to Kerch.

Natural area - China, Korea, Japan.

Cultivated for over 200 years. In Crimea, about 180 years - in park and city plantings (groups, sheared borders); found in parks from Evpatoria to Sudak. There are garden forms with spotted and bordered leaves.

Buxus ordinary, or evergreen (boxwood)

The natural area is the Mediterranean, including the Caucasus. Cultivated since antiquity in Greece, Italy. In the Crimea - more than 200 years as a popular park breed from Evpatoria to Kerch, known in Bakhchisarai (territory museum complex"Khan's Palace"). It can grow as a tree, but more often than other evergreen buxus-boxwood is used for trimmed borders (0.5-1 meter high), trellises (for example, in Alupka and Gurzuf parks). In Alupka, more than 150 years ago, a grove of 60 trees was created.

Natural habitat - Southwestern China.

Cultivated in Europe for less than 100 years. In Crimea - since the 1930s; rarely found in parks - only on the South Coast. Her presence in the landings betrays winter time strong aroma; known in Nikitsky Garden (Lower Park), in Alushta (sanatorium "Slavutich") and other places; there were landings in Sevastopol (1980s).

February 19th, 2017 admin

Spring is the most best time to visit the Crimea, this is the time when the peninsula especially pleases the eye with bright and fresh greenery of forests, fields, plains, gardens and parks. The flora of Crimea is very unusual and diverse. There are 2,500 varieties of wild plants on the peninsula. There are 250 endemics in Crimea, that is, such unique plants that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Crimea is rich in relics - plants that have been preserved for millions of years and have survived to this day without any changes.

In Crimea, there are a lot of plants related to the neighboring Black Sea regions, since for thousands of years Crimean peninsula many times it was separated from the mainland, then rejoined by land isthmuses from the Caucasus, or the East European Plain. Of course, such geographical changes led to changes in the flora and fauna of the Crimea. We should also not forget that more than a thousand species of exotic plant specimens were brought to the Crimea over the past thousand years of the history of this land. All these factors that influenced the nature of the Crimea created that amazingly diverse and colorful world of vegetation that we see today on the peninsula.

Many unique plants of the Crimea are under state protection, and more than 250 plants of the horsetail, gymnosperms, angiosperms, mosses and algae families have long been listed in the Red Book. We list only a few of them: River horsetail. The bone is graceful. North Kostenets. Juniper deltoid. Maple Steven. Ira is beautiful. The cuff is oak. Red onion. Cuneiform hawthorn. meadow sage. Crimean dandelion. Tulip Bibirshtein. Forest grapes. Sea rock. Cystoseira bearded and many others.

Among the diverse vegetation of the Crimea, there are quite a few plants that are quite attractive in appearance, but very dangerous for humans. As long as these plants and flowers grow in the Crimean forests and fields, they are quite safe. The danger arises when their juice, roots, leaves or other parts come into contact with a person. Not only the inhabitants of the peninsula, but also those who come to visit us should know about dangerous plants. Every traveler unknowingly can pick a poisonous flower or eat a life-threatening berry.

In general, look at them carefully and avoid mindlessly picking these plants.

1. Delphinium or larkspur

Larkspur causes depression of the central nervous system with simultaneous action on the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. At toxic doses, respiratory paralysis occurs, accompanied by damage to the heart.

2. Cicuta (lat. cicuta)

Perennial herbaceous plant of the umbrella family, with the smell of parsley or celery. This plant looks so innocent: white flowers, collected in idyllic umbrellas. But when drinking the juice of this plant, severe abdominal pain, salivation, vomiting and diarrhea will begin, followed by convulsions, which can lead to respiratory and cardiac arrest.

3. Spotted hemlock (lat. Conīum maculātum)

This is a poisonous plant with an intoxicating smell, it should be collected only with rubber gloves. hemlock has long been used for two opposite purposes: with the help of tincture, death sentences were carried out, or they were prepared from it medicines. Once in the human stomach, the juice (or decoction) of hemlock causes nausea, often vomiting and diarrhea. There is a loss of sensation and a gradual paralysis starting from the legs. It only takes a hemlock two hours to finish off its prey.

Most often, foxglove flashes in the detective stories of Agatha Christie. In her short story "Dead Grass", foxglove caused the death of a young girl and the illness of other characters. The plant was mixed with onions, and the duck was stuffed with the resulting mixture.

The plant, especially the leaves, contains the well-known atropine, as well as asparagine, then lime and other alkaline substances. Belladonna is highly poisonous to humans, although herbivores eat it with impunity.

6. Aconite or wrestler

In the beech forest of the Crimea, you can find a very beautiful perennial herbaceous plant from the buttercup family with bright blue or purple flowers. Its most popular names are aconite or wrestler. IN ancient Greek mythology it is told that the wrestler appeared from the poisonous saliva of the formidable guardian of the underworld of Hades - three-headed dog Cerberus, who was brought to earth by the great hero Hercules. This suggests that aconite has long been considered one of the most poisonous plants. The ancient Greeks used aconite juice to carry out death sentences. There is a case when the legionnaires of the Roman emperor Mark Antony, having eaten several tubers of aconite, lost their memory and soon died. In many countries, the very possession of aconite root was considered a serious crime and was punishable by death. According to one of the ancient legends, the famous conqueror Tamerlane died, poisoned precisely by the poison of aconite, with which his skullcap was soaked. Aconite juice was used in ancient times to apply it to arrows. The ancient Germans compared aconite flowers with helmet god Thor, they soaked weapons - spears, swords and daggers - in aconite juice before going into battle or hunting. The plant contains a deadly poison - aconitine.

This flower is the perfect candidate for decorating any suburban area. Unfortunately, Colchicum is extremely poisonous. Moreover, all parts of the plant are poisonous, both external and underground. Even picking up a flower should be in mittens, so as not to get burned. Light purple or pink flowers, who opened their buds in the fall, on the eve of the winter cold and gave the name to the flower - colchicum. But their innocent defenselessness is very deceiving - the flower is very poisonous. There are over 20 toxins in Colchicum sap, some of which are deadly. Gardeners are advised to work with colchicum with gloves. The literature describes cases of death of people who were treated as prescribed by healers with a decoction of colchicum. Another name for this plant is colchicum. According to ancient Greek myth, this plant sprouted from the drops of blood of Prometheus, who was chained to a rock in the mountains of the Caucasus, and tormented by an eagle. Colchicum, according to legend, adorned the garden of the goddess Artemis in Colchis. On the Crimean peninsula, there are two similar types of colchicum: shady, which blooms in autumn, and winter Ankara. Moreover, the shady colchicum, which blooms only in autumn, is often confused with a harmless plant more common in the Crimea - beautiful crocus, which blooms only in spring.

The plant is dangerous from the roots to the tips of the leaves, but the most dangerous part is the bud. The consequences of ingesting even a piece of this plant will be the same as when consumed. potassium cyanide! Choking, loss of consciousness, convulsions, rapid pulse, falling blood pressure and even death - that's the price of careless handling of this lovely flower.

Bringing a bouquet of daffodils into the house, know that if you taste it, the consequences can be sad: nausea and vomiting, convulsions and loss of consciousness, with increased sensitivity, paralysis and death are not excluded.

If you taste any part of this plant, the sad consequences will not keep you waiting. The first symptoms will be salivation and tearing, then all this will turn into vomiting, slowing of the pulse and a drop in blood pressure.

Crimea is a completely unique and amazingly beautiful place, striking with the extraordinary richness of the plant world. There are not many places on our planet that could boast of such a species richness of flora brought from other regions and successfully taking root in a new place.

11. Datura common

Those who read Bazhov's fairy tales in childhood can remember the famous stone flower - the ideal bowl that the master Danil created according to the almost unattainable image of the Datura flower. The inhabitants of Crimea have appreciated its beauty for a long time. Datura, which grows everywhere in the Crimea, is often used by local residents as an ornamental plant. Dangerous plant of the Crimea - dope ordinary. Even more often in the Crimean gardens and parks you can find large white Indian Datura gramophones. But this poisonous plant became famous not only for its beauty, but also for its other properties. Only the folk names that indicate them, what they are worth: dope grass, mad potion, bad drunk, crazy grass ... And all these names are well deserved, since the plant is poisonous and is a strong hallucinogen. Therefore, shamans and priests of some tribes and peoples, knowing safe dosages, took it to enter a trance. In India, there was even a profession - a dope poisoner. The “professional” blew powder from dope seeds into the nose of a sleeping person through a tube, which made him fall asleep even more soundly, and the thieves easily, without any obstacles, took property out of the house.
12. Belena.

The very name of this plant in many causes a vivid association with the poison, which was discussed in the brilliant work of the great English playwright William Shakespeare "Hamlet". After all, it was the poison of henbane that poisoned the king - the father of Prince Hamlet. In Russian folklore, the name of henbane is associated with the expression: “Are you overeating henbane?”, Which is undoubtedly associated with the expressive symptoms of henbane poisoning. famous doctor and the scientist Avicena described the characteristic symptoms of poisoning: "Harbane is a poison that often causes insanity, deprives memory and causes suffocation and demonic possession." A rather bright and noticeable henbane flower is often found in the Crimea, a plant with not very catchy, but very attractive flowers. Also common cause poisoning is the similarity of henbane seeds, similar to safe poppy seeds. Dr. Mettesi noted: “Children, having eaten henbane, fall into such folly that their relatives, not knowing the reasons, begin to think that these are the machinations of evil spirits.” In pharmacology, henbane is used to prepare some anti-asthma drugs and painkillers.

13. White-winged aronnik

In April-May, an exotic aronnik flower, a bit like kala, appears in the forests of Crimea. Its single petal is compared to a wing, hence the name of the rarest of the three species growing on the peninsula, the white-winged aronnik. Dangerous plant of the Crimea - aronnik Despite the peculiar decorative effect, the Crimean aronnik has not received popularity because of the sharp and very unpleasant smell. However, to flies - their pollinators, the ambergris that comes from these flowers seems to be a very attractive aroma.
Unusual Aronnik orientalis flowers have two flowering phases - male and female. Insects, having visited a plant with a male flowering period, after a while they sit down on a female one and slide inside. At the same time, filamentous outgrowths that are directed downwards prevent them from getting out of the flower, and they have no choice but to crawl along the cob located at the base of the flower, pollinating it with pollen brought. After that, the aronnik enters the male phase of flowering, removes all its traps and releases insects to freedom.
All types of Crimean aronnik (Arum italicum) are toxic . In summer, their ears ripen and are covered with attractive orange berries. If you eat them, at least a few pieces, then there is a strong inflammation of the oral cavity and appear characteristics poisoning. In some places of the Crimea, aronniks are called forest pencils for the ability of the rod located in the center of the inflorescence to color surfaces, for which it is called "forest pencils".

14. Yew berry

In ancient times, whole woodlands yew berry, but at present there are very few old trees left. The age of the yew berry can be very respectable - some trees have more than a thousand years. The widespread destruction of the yew led to its beautiful, eternally strong wood, painted in different shades of red, which is why it is also called mahogany. IN Ancient Egypt the sarcophagi of the Egyptian pharaohs were made from yew. In ancient times, the best bows were made from the unusually strong wood of the yew berry. But the craftsmen working with the toxic wood of the yew berry did not live long, and those who trimmed the branches of the yew felt a strong headache. Ancient legends have been preserved that in the old days beautiful cups were created from yew berry, which were then presented as a gift to enemies in the hope of poisoning them. In Europe, yew wood was used to make very expensive furniture. The toxicity of the yew berry was mentioned by Pliny the Elder. Everything is poisonous in a tree: wood, seeds, needles, bark, roots. The exception is juicy shells similar to berries. Sweetish, but not distinguished by exquisite taste - they are completely harmless. The danger lies in the fact that if they are eaten together with the fruit - the bone, then poisoning will inevitably occur.
15. Peonies

Like many medicinal plants of the Crimea, peonies are poisonous. Everything in it is toxic - from the rhizome, petals, seeds. Vegetable world peninsulas are decorated with two types of peonies, which compete with each other with their magnificence. Peonies are listed in the Red Book, as their number is decreasing throughout the Crimea. Two millennia ago, delicate peony flowers adorned the imperial gardens of China. Peonies were brought to the court of the emperor from the south of the country in specially made bamboo baskets, and to protect against withering, each stem of the flower was covered with wax. In ancient Greece, the peony flower was considered a symbol of longevity. There is an opinion that the Greeks valued the peony not only for its beauty, but also for its amazing healing properties, the flower got its name from the Greek word "paionios", which in translation sounds like a healing one. Ancient Greek doctors were called peonies. IN ancient greece there was a myth about a disciple of the god of healing Aesculapius - Pion, who surpassed his mentor in the art of healing. This aroused the wrath of the god Zeus, and he ordered Hades to poison Peony, however, the lord of the underworld took pity on the dying young man and turned him into a peony flower of extraordinary beauty.

15. Heracleum (Heracleum L.), hogweed - a large umbrella plant.

White caps of inflorescences against the background of beautiful carved leaves already clearly distinguish this plant from all others. But even more impressive is its majestic size. Dangerous plant of the Crimea - heracleum Under favorable conditions, some types of hogweed grow up to 4 meters with a leaf area of ​​up to 1 square meter. In this case, the diameter of the inflorescence often reaches 60 centimeters. For such a powerful and very high growth rate - 10-12 centimeters per day, he received his Latin name - Heracleum. Surprised by his extraordinary appearance, the inhabitants of central Russia brought his seeds from the Caucasus, the Urals and other regions. Having settled in a new place as an ornamental plant, the cow parsnip soon got out of obedience and, conquering the surroundings of the peninsula, began to displace many local species, becoming a malicious weed. It soon became clear that the handsome Heracleum not only prolific, but also very poisonous. Even touching this plant can cause a serious chemical burn, so remember it well and try to admire its beauty from afar during the flowering period.
16. Ranunculus oxyspermus.

The affectionate-sounding name of the plant "buttercup" actually comes from a formidable, even ferocious epithet - fierce. Bright yellow buttercup flowers, as if varnished, received another popular name - night blindness . This happened, apparently, due to the irritating effect of the juice on the mucous membranes, including the eyes. Of the beautifully flowering toxic plants of the Crimean peninsula in terms of the number of species - buttercup is a true champion - of the 23 species of this plant, all buttercup flowers are poisonous. Contact of the plant with the skin can cause severe dermatitis, and the likely outcome of its ingestion will be fatal. In antiquity, the buttercup was a symbol of malevolent banter and served as the emblem of the formidable god of war Ares, and in In ancient Rus', buttercup was considered a flower Thunderer Perun . And according to one of the Christian legends, escaping from the Archangel Michael, Satan hid among the buttercup thickets, which is why the flower became so evil. Ottoman Empire ranunculus leaves were widely used in greenhouses and became a symbol of the greatness of the sultans.

17. Lily of the valley

This plant from the lily family, despite its modest appearance, has won the hearts of all many peoples. Medicinal properties of lily of the valley have been widely known since ancient times. In medieval Europe, it became a symbol of medicine. However, lily of the valley is completely poisonous. Few people know that this plant ripens bright red, appetizing-looking fruits in the fall, which, if eaten, can seriously poison you. There are even cases of lethal outcome when water was accidentally drunk, in which there was a bouquet of lilies of the valley.

Medium-sized snow-white, graceful lily-of-the-valley flowers, like magic bells, exude a delicate, refined aroma that leaves no one indifferent. By the number of legends and myths, he is unlikely to have competitors. In a Christian legend, lilies of the valley grew on the tears of Mary that fell to the ground, mourning her crucified son. In Russian legends and epics, the lily of the valley is associated with the appearance of the sea princess Mermaid. fairy tale hero Sadko rejected the love of the sea maiden for the earthly love of Lyubava. The bitter tears of the sea princess sprouted into tender and a little sad flowers - lilies of the valley, intoxicating with their smell. Little Russian legends say that. that lily of the valley flowers appeared from the happy laugh of Mavka in love, and scattered like white pearls throughout the forest. In Western Europe, it was believed that lily of the valley flowers serve as lanterns for gnomes, and miniature elves hide under lily of the valley flowers from the rain. Lily of the valley flowers are still loved today. In France, on the first Sunday of May, the lily of the valley is celebrated, and the Finns even consider it their national flower.

What to do in the spring in the Crimea? Enjoy the nature of the peninsula and this wonderful time of the year, when it is still not hot to walk, the first leaves appear on the trees, everything around is blooming, the sun and the blue sky are getting more and more.

mountain peonies

Photo by Victoria Stupina

Photo by Victoria Stupina

Photo by Victoria Stupina

Crimean spring continues with mountain peonies. They are often confused with poppies. But these flowers appear much earlier, and they look very different. One of the downsides is that peonies fade so quickly that it is sometimes even difficult to find the place where they were. This is exactly what happened to us in 2016 on. Blooms in mid-April.

Where: White rock and its environs, Ai-Petri, Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, Koktebel environs.

When: second half of April.

Wisteria

In the second half of April, a honey aroma reigns in the narrow streets of Yalta. It's all because of the blooming wisteria. She braids houses and arbors and burns with a bright purple fire from afar. Small flowers are collected in large clusters that hang down like grapes.
The smell of wisteria extends for a couple of blocks. Usually, I use it to determine where to go to admire the flowering and smell the aroma to the point of dizziness. My only regret is that the fragrance of wisteria cannot be sealed in a bottle and always carried with you.

When: second half of April.
Where: Yalta, Simeiz, park of the sanatorium "Dnepr" (estate Kharaks).

Poppy madness starts in May. Photographers and tourists hunt for poppy fields, someone willingly shares coordinates, someone, on the contrary, is hiding.

If hunting for huge fields is not your format, then I advise you to take a walk in. There are poppies there, and in in large numbers. And this gives the reserve a very special look.

Where: Tauric Chersonese in Sevastopol, Bakhchisarai region, surroundings of the cave towns of Mangup-Kale and Eski-Kermen.

When: May.

roses

Crimea in June pleases not only with lavender fields, but also with rose plantations. They bloom at the beginning of the month. Pink fields are located in the Alushta region. Roses are grown for the Alushta essential oil state farm-factory. So if someone wants to give a girl a million roses, then for this you do not need to be a millionaire. One has only to bring the girl in early June to the pink field. And delights will be provided, as well as beautiful photos.

When: the beginning of June
Where: Pink village in the Alushta region.

Lavender

Soviet past left Crimea great gift- your own Provence with lavender fields. Then they occupied 2.5 hectares of the Crimean land, and the aromatic oil made on the peninsula was bought even in France. Now the fields are much smaller, some of them have become abandoned.

Lavender blooms in mid-June and blooms until August. However, the peak of flowering falls on the period from mid-June to mid-July, then the flowers become dry and not so bright, although the aroma continues to dizzy.

Where: Turgenevka, Lavender, Uchkuevka and the Mekenziev mountains in Sevastopol, the vicinity of Alushta and Big Yalta, Bakhchisaray district.

When: June.

If, after my stories, you have planned a trip to the Crimea in the spring, but do not know where to go and what to see first of all, then I can create a personal guide for you. All details on .

Spring in Crimea is my thing favorite time of the year. If you haven't bought your tickets to the peninsula for spring yet, then it's time to do it now.

If tickets have already been purchased, then it is most convenient to book accommodation on booking.com.

P.S. Photos used in the article Ekaterina Dmitrenko.

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How will a tourist see the Crimean peninsula, who decided to relax here in June, what blooms in the Crimea in the first month of summer? To be honest, there are so many things that it is impossible to list, so in this article we just tried to convey the atmosphere of June in Crimea.

In the first half of the month, the poppy remains the main flower of the fields and roadsides. However, if you are lucky, you can meet its smaller and more delicate relative - the hybrid poppy.

If you didn’t make it in time for the poppies to bloom, don’t worry, Crimea has prepared many other places for photo sessions. These are bright yellow fields of mullein, rapeseed, turnip:

White - coriander and chamomile. This photo was taken near Vulkanovka:

But the most popular, of course, is lavender.

Its lilac fields have been preserved near the village of Turgenevka near Bakhchisaray. And in the midst of flowering of this fragrant plant (approximately the first half of June), a real pilgrimage begins there.

What blooms in Crimea in June - trees, shrubs, flowers

At the same time, spreading a delicate honey aroma around, the narrow-leaved goof (wild olive) blooms.

This is one of the most noticeable plants of the Crimean coast, practically the only thing that gives shade on the beaches of the east and west of the peninsula. Loch is extremely unpretentious, heat and salt resistant, so it feels great on the sand, literally at the edge of sea water.

The Crimean roadsides are again in pink - the April almond and the May tamarisk have been replaced by the skumpia. Her clouds of all shades of pink will accompany you throughout the Crimea.

However, the yellow color is not forgotten - the gorse is blooming, and in some places it is a continuous carpet.

Yellow blooms, a tree with a completely unpronounceable name, panicled kelreuteria (soap tree).

Its round crowns are bristling with large loose tassels, which by autumn will turn into bright three-leaved boxes, similar to Chinese lanterns. By the way, the Kölreuteria comes from China.

Flowerbeds are decorated with lavender, a variety of stonecrops and other drought-resistant plants.

You can often find an artichoke, and not only in the flower beds. It seems that he approved of the Crimean climate, took root and decided to run wild.

Arriving in Crimea in June, you will definitely meet yucca, one of the plants that say - you are in the south!

front gardens local residents resemble branches of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden due to the many varieties of roses, lilies, daylilies,

Pleased with oriental poppy, rudbeckia, escholzia, bluebells, etc.

June, the time of flowering mallow, and the shades of this flower are innumerable - from white to black. By the way, wild mallow grows in the Crimea - a stock-rose, of a modest yellow color.

wild plants of june

In the forests, almost everything has faded, so we get out to the edges, to the steppe, mountains and the ruins of archaeological sites. At this time of the year they have cheerful chintz colors - the flowers are small, modest, but there are a lot of them and mixed.

They were chosen by mullein and bruise. By the way, a bruise is not necessarily blue, in the Crimea you can find a pale blue one - an Italian bruise and, much less often, a Russian red bruise. This one was found in .

Once upon a time, a carmine-red dye for woolen fabrics was obtained from this plant.

In the mountainous Crimea in June, sage and thyme set the tone. More precisely, sage - whorled, meadow, hormine, oak nutmeg, etc., and thyme, of which there are 13 species in the Crimea and not all of them have a pronounced aroma.

Mixed with them grow Austrian and veiny flax, motley elm, larkspur, whole-leaved, istod, St. John's wort, etc.

Here one of the Crimean orchids is sometimes found - anakamptis pyramidal:

The flowers of mariannik (Ivan da Marya) are clearly visible in the meadow:

There are 21 species of broomrape in the Crimea, but usually they are much less noticeable than this bush on the cliff at.

Higher on the rocks, the meadows are more modest, wormwood, thyme, flax, bindweeds, and navels reign here:

And a feather grass creeps over them.

However, even here you can find large bright flowers, for example, glacium:

Crimean zopnik blooms nearby. These elegant bushes will turn into "tumbleweeds" by autumn.

Right on the bare rocks, a capitate, a modest Red Book plant, found a place for itself.

An interesting feature of June is the flowering thorns. At this time, the whole future weeds - thistles, tatars, thistles, scolimus pleases with lush flowering:

With them, complementing the steppe bright colors, adjoin Tatar lettuce, scabiosa, sage, chicory:

Almost everywhere from the above places you can find prickly pear - a cactus that blooms in June in large yellow flowers, and by autumn it is covered with dark pink sweet fruits from which you can cook compote or jam.

It was brought to us by the Italians, who, after the Crimean War, reburied their compatriots on Mount Gasforte under. Their fighting positions were nearby earlier. And in memory of the homeland they planted prickly pear brought from Sicily in the cemetery. She liked the Crimea, and gradually it spread throughout the peninsula.

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The flora of Crimea is very unusual and diverse. There are 2,500 varieties of wild plants on the peninsula. This is an impressive number. It is necessary to note the uniqueness of the flora. There are 250 endemics here, that is, plants that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. In addition, the Crimea is rich in relics - plants that have been preserved without any changes for millions of years.

Historical digression

The plants of the Crimea have been thoroughly studied. But, nevertheless, discoveries of new species are regularly made. And the reason for this is the uniqueness of the peninsula. As we have already noticed, the plants of the Crimea are very diverse. An interesting fact is that everywhere on the peninsula plants are very different origin. Among them there are relics and endemics. In addition, there are a lot of related plants from completely different Black Sea regions: the Caucasus, the Balkans, Asia Minor. A similar phenomenon is associated with the history of the Crimea.

After all, initially it was a mountainous secluded peninsula, which over the course of millennia was joined and then separated by land isthmuses from the mainland (with the lands of the Caucasus, Asia Minor, the Balkans, the East European Plain). Therefore, the plants of the Crimea also changed. We should also not forget that more than a thousand species of exotic specimens have been brought by man over the thousands of years of the history of this land. So it turned out that the flora of the peninsula acquired such a colorful and diverse look.

Change of belts of vegetation

Another feature of the Crimea is a very clear change of vegetation from north to south.

The northern part of the peninsula is hilly steppes. At present, most of them have long been plowed up, and therefore these lands have lost their natural appearance. The original appearance was preserved only by those areas that are unsuitable for Agriculture. These are solonchaks, beams, ravines, rocky plains.

In the area of ​​the foothills, the steppes change into forest-steppes. Here, in addition to steppe plants, such species as juniper, fluffy oak, shaggy pear, wild rose, hornbeam, etc. grow.

With height, oak forests are replaced by beech ones. 200-250-year-old trees amaze with their power and primordial gloomy beauty. It is always very gloomy here, there is not even undergrowth and grass cover, there is only a thick layer of fallen leaves. At an altitude of about a thousand meters, huge mighty beeches give way to gnarled, undersized trees.

At the very top, the forests give way to flat peaks, which are separated from each other by very deep passes. Outwardly, the yayla look like steppes. It is here that a quarter of all endemics of the peninsula are located.

Further, closer to the sea, there is a belt of beech-pine and pine forests, which consists of Crimean pine and Scotch pine. There are also oaks, beeches, hornbeams here. Natural pine forests are more pronounced on south coast, which cannot be said about the southeastern part.

South coast

Even further south, the shilyak belt begins, consisting of hornbeam, downy oak, juniper, small-fruited strawberry, pistachio and many others. In the southeast, the climate is very dry, so shilyaks are very rare.

But on the South Coast they are quite thick. In general, the vegetation of the South Coast is close to the Mediterranean, but very much changed by man. Most the territory is occupied by health resorts, gardens, vineyards, roads. And also by human hands, extensive parks have been created here, in which species brought to the peninsula grow. Imagine that many plants have been living here for about 200 years. At present, all parks have become an integral part, and among them are the famous Alupkinsky, Forossky, Livadia, Massandrovsky, and what is the well-known one in which not only Crimean plants are collected (photos are given in the article), but also many imported exotic varieties.

I must say that the parks themselves have long merged with evergreen natural thickets and form a single whole.

Reserves of Crimea

Crimean plants are protected by laws. Four completely new nature reserves and sixteen sanctuaries have been created on the peninsula. Natural monuments, reserved tracts, protected parks are also under protection.

Near Nikitsky botanical garden the reserve "Cape Martyan" is located. Also on the peninsula is Yalta in which are collected rare plants Crimea. This is just a small part reserved places this edge. All of them are unique and interesting in their own way, each has its own task of preserving relic and endemic plants. In our article we want to give a description of some of them.

Beech

Beech is a genus of the Beech family. Two species grow in Crimea: common and eastern. Both of them have a regal appearance and play a great soil and water protection role. The tree lives from 250 to 350 years. It blooms for the first time at the age of 30, and maybe even at 60 or 80 years. It blooms in April with the simultaneous opening of the leaves. Nuts appear on the tree in autumn. They feed on squirrels, roe deer, wild boars, deer. Beech oil is very valuable, its properties are not inferior to olive oil.

Well, there is no need to talk about wood. Thanks to special property it is used to make barrels for expensive wines, parquet, musical instruments, yachts. In the distant past, trees in the Crimea were mercilessly cut down. And now they are under protection. The grove on Ai-Petri is generally a protected area.

Oak

Oak belongs to the Beech family. In total, there are approximately 450 varieties of this plant in the world. The bark and wood of the tree are highly valued. In Crimea, there is a rather rare fluffy oak that has been living for more than a thousand years. Such a thousand-year-old plant is located near Foros. Its girth is five and a half meters. And in the Bakhchisarai region, a tree with a girth of eight meters was found. Back in 1820, a cork grove was laid in the Nikitsky Garden, which still feels great to this day. Scientists of the garden were settled throughout the South Coast. Now it is a plant of the Southern Crimea.

Strawberry small-fruited

Plants and animals of the Crimea are so diverse that they never cease to amaze. And the South Coast is a unique place, a piece of the subtropics, where very special plants grow, which, in principle, could not take root in these parts, but thanks to the unique microclimate created by the mountains, they feel great here.

One of these plants is the small-fruited strawberry. This evergreen tree, numbering more than twenty species growing in North America and the Mediterranean. In Crimea, the plant is found only on the southern coast. It has been preserved in these places since the Tertiary period, and is currently listed in the Red Book. The tree reaches a height of six meters. It is characterized by a bizarrely curved trunk and winding tips of branches. On the tree, fruits are formed that are very similar to strawberries. They are quite edible. Since the plants have a decorative appearance, they are cultivated in the parks of the peninsula. And in the vicinity of Gaspra there are several trees, whose age, according to scientists, is approaching a thousand years.

figs

Figs are also called differently. His homeland is the Mediterranean. I must say that this is an evergreen plant, there are more than 800 of its species. For a person, fruits are of particular value. They are eaten fresh, dried, and jam is made from them. In general, this is a very ancient plant on earth, it has been cultivated since time immemorial. However, it is not known exactly when and by whom this tree was brought in. Currently, there are 300 species of figs in the famous Nikitsky Garden. The tree has a strong root system. There are no flowers familiar to us on the tree. But the fruit looks like a bag with seeds inside.

cypress evergreen

It is a coniferous evergreen tree. It came to the Crimea from Greece. It acclimatized here in antiquity. But it became widespread in the 18th century, when many plants were brought on the orders of Potemkin. The evergreen cypress has a pyramidal shape. Its needles are very soft to the touch. The cones are small and have a round shape, like a soccer ball. Cypress seeds are food for many birds: grosbeaks, woodpeckers, finches, robins. In addition, the tree is known for its medicinal properties.

Even the ancient Greeks noticed the positive effect of cypress on people with diseased lungs. Modern scientists have proven that the essential oils of the tree have the strongest bactericidal effect, which can suppress staphylococcus aureus, Koch's bacillus and other bacteria. IN medicinal purposes tree cones are also used. The wood is particularly durable, resistant to decay and has a wonderful aroma. She has been valued since time immemorial.

Orchid

Orchids are very common in the tropics. This species includes the well-known spice vanilla and a great variety of cultivated species in greenhouses. In the Crimea, there are 39 varieties of this plant, 20 of which can be found in Laspi. According to meteorologists, this is the most warm place throughout the South Coast. It is also jokingly called "Crimean Africa". It is for this reason that many endemic plants are found here.

Red Book of Crimea. Plants included in it

Crimea is a completely unique place that has collected truly innumerable riches in the form of flora and fauna. Any tourist who has visited the peninsula for the first time never ceases to admire its beauties and amazing plants. And there really is something to see, something to admire. What is worth only richest history this edge.

If we talk about the unique plants of the peninsula, then many of them are under protection and have long been listed in the Red Book. The plants of the Crimea, the description of which we have given in the article, are very interesting and worthy of detailed attention. We would also like to dwell on those species that, for one reason or another, have already been included in the Red Book. There are more than 250 of them in total. We list just a few of them:

1. River horsetail.
2. The bone is graceful.
3. North Kostenets.
4. Juniper deltoid.
5. Maple Steven.
6. Ira is beautiful.
7. The cuff is oak.
8. Red onion.
9. Cuneiform hawthorn.
10. meadow sage.
11. Crimean dandelion.
12. Tulip Bibirshtein.
13. Forest grapes.
14. Sea rock.
15. Cystoseira bearded.

Instead of an afterword

Crimea is a completely unique and amazing place. In addition to extraordinary beauty, it strikes with the riches of the plant world. On the whole planet, perhaps, there are not so many places that can boast of such a species richness of flora brought from other regions and taking root in a new place.