Separate electronic warfare center. Military units of Tambov

Location of the 15th separate brigade electronic warfare, or military unit 71615 is the village of Stroitel, Tambov region. The unit's activities are aimed at protecting troops' command and control systems from enemy attacks and reducing the effectiveness of their actions. Feature electronic warfare troops is that they do not come into combat contact with the enemy, and strikes only in virtual space and radio broadcasts.

The main types of electronic warfare are electronic suppression of enemy signals and electronic defense against them. The influence is carried out using electromagnetic fields special installations. Radio interference at the enemy frequency is created by active (jamming stations and transmitters) and passive (working on the principle of reflection) means.

Story

The predecessor of the brigade was the 225th separate regiment electronic warfare (military unit 64055), created in 2009. At that time, he was stationed in the city of Novomoskovsk, Tula region. In 2011, the division was reorganized, the entire military equipment and signal tracking consoles were transported to Tambov, to the territory of military unit 71615. In April 2011, the regiment was given the name of the 15th separate electronic warfare brigade, and was presented with a battle flag and other regalia.

Chevron 15th OBrREB

Eyewitness impressions

The village where the brigade is based is known among the local population as “Infantry” - the Tambov Infantry School was founded here (1932). Currently the premises educational institution allocated for barracks, administrative buildings and classrooms of such a unit as military unit 71615.
As for the conditions of service, conscript and contract soldiers live in comfortable, crew-type dormitories. There are separate accommodation buildings for contract soldiers and conscripts. Each barracks has four common showers, a rest room and a sports area. Civilian personnel are responsible for maintaining equipment and cleaning the external territory and barracks premises. Military personnel are used for the above-mentioned duties only on park and maintenance day on Saturdays.

During training specialization classes

Field exercises last about a month and are usually held at the Triguliai training ground. The exercises can take place jointly with cadets of the 1084th Interservice Training Center and combat use electronic warfare troops.

Cooking and catering is also entrusted to civilian outsourcing. Meals are served on a queuing system and are organized as a buffet (several dishes to choose from). Officers and soldiers eat in the same room. Every day, a doctor from the medical unit monitors the quality of food. In addition to the dining room, the garrison has a tea room.
According to eyewitnesses, there is no hazing, since the unit belongs to authorized units, and soldiers are physically examined every day.

Organization of meals in the canteen

The unit is currently being re-equipped, and those wishing to enter the contract service are subject to the following requirements:

• The applicant's age is from 18 to 40 years;
• Passing a multi-level selection (physical physical fitness standards, medical commission);
• Completion of retraining or training at a special training center (in Tambov this is the 1084th Interspecific Center for the Training and Combat Use of Electronic Warfare Troops).

Before starting military service, conscripts undergo a young fighter course (about 1 month), and then take the oath. Relatives and friends of the employee of military unit 71615 are allowed to come to this event. Soldiers are allowed to leave after taking the oath only on the security of the passport of their parents or wife. Relatives coming to the oath should know that it is held on Saturday at 9.00 am, but they should arrive at the checkpoint already at 8.00 and do not forget to take warm clothes for themselves and the serviceman.
The rest of the time, leaves of absence are issued to fighters upon application. It must be written on Thursday addressed to the unit commander, because... The dismissal order is signed on Friday. If the leave is denied, you can meet with the serviceman at the checkpoint of the unit (a special room is allocated for meetings).

Class

Contact with relatives mobile phone allowed only on weekends. Soldiers deposit their phones with the company commander, and their receipt is noted in the log. Mobile operators recommend MTS (Call Mom or Super 0 tariff) or Megafon (It's simple).

Soldiers of military unit 71615 receive their allowances on a VTB-24 card. The ATM is located at the checkpoint part. Contract employees are entitled to payments twice a month, and conscript soldiers - once. You can top up your VTB-24 card like this:

1. In one of the bank branches. To make a transfer, you need to know the fighter’s name and card number. The sender must have a bank card and passport with him.
2. Internet banking. The Telebank service can be activated at the bank office if you have a passport. After logging in Personal Area enter the recipient's card number and transfer amount.
3. Via terminal. Indicate the recipient's card number and insert the bills into the bill acceptor.
4. Through the Contact service. You need the recipient's details (bank name, card number and passport details).

Presentation of the battle flag to the 15th Brigade

Sick soldiers of military unit 71615 are sent to the infirmary, and from there to the garrison military hospital (branch No. 9 of the 1586th district military hospital), designed for 150 beds. Visitors can visit the soldier daily from 10.00 to 19.00. A one-time pass is issued to a visitor only upon presentation of a passport.

Information for mom

Parcels and letters

With a population of about 300 thousand people. Several units of the military space forces, ground forces, regional and district military registration and enlistment offices are located here.

Military units of Tambov and Tambov region

There are 6 military units located in the Tambov region:

• № 14272;
• № 6891;
• № 32217;
• № 10856;
• № 6797;
• № 2153.

There are 7 military units stationed in the city:

• one Interspecific center for training and combat use of electronic warfare troops - military unit No. 61460;
• one repair and restoration battalion (comprehensive repair) - military unit No. 11385-8;
• one separate electronic warfare brigade - military unit No. 71615;
• one separate self-propelled mortar division - military unit No. 64493;
• one separate self-propelled artillery division - military unit No. 52192;
• two bases: one for storing and repairing equipment and weapons, the second is engineering.

Interspecific center for training and combat use of electronic warfare troops

This military unit in Tambov is a center for training military specialists in the field of electronic warfare and radio intelligence. The center is interspecies. This is the only specialized educational institution in modern army Russia.

For those who wish to pass military service in a training center under a contract, you should contact the HR department, where, if there are vacancies, specialists will be sent for an interview with the head of the training center.

Address of the military training unit

Address: Commissar Moskovsky Street, building 1, Tambov, military training unit 61460. Index - 392006.

History of the center for training and combat use of electronic warfare troops

The Training Center was formed in 1962. IN Voronezh region, in the city of Borisoglebsk, the 27th specialized school for training radio intelligence and radio interference specialists was created. In 1975, the institution was moved to the village of Pekhotka (Tambov). In 2009, the school received the name 1084th Interspecific Electronic Warfare Troops Training Center.

Structure and life of the Tambov training center

The training of specialists lasts 5 months and they are distributed according to military units for further service. Only 5% of all cadets remain in the training center; they are awarded the rank of sergeant. The cadets learn how to fight the enemy in the electronic field, methods to reduce the quality of communications in enemy troops, and how to use their own means of destruction.

Cadets engage in physical and drill training 4 hours a day, the rest of the time is spent on exercises on virtual training simulators.

Field training for cadets is also taking place at a training ground near Tambov.

Traditionally, Saturday is a housekeeping and bathing day in school.

The soldiers live in barracks, the rooms are designed for 5-6 people, the block has a washing machine and a machine for drying things. The buildings also have a recreation room, gyms, and a library. Classrooms with the latest equipment and interactive visual aids are located on the territory of the unit.

The canteen, medical unit, and infirmary are located in separate buildings, but on the territory of the unit.

There is a VTB Bank ATM at the checkpoint.

Hazing in a military unit

They are not observed in military unit number 61460. Firstly, soldiers are examined every day for diseases or bodily injuries, and secondly, all military personnel are of the same age and conscription.

Event in honor of cadets taking the oath of office

Before taking the oath, soldiers are not allowed to make cell phone calls, and only a week before the ceremony they are allowed to call to inform relatives of information about the time and date of taking the oath. Typically the ceremony takes place on Saturday morning.

At the end of the official part of the event, a conversation is held with the parents of the conscripts, after which the soldiers receive a leave of absence (for several hours), which they spend with relatives and friends.

Communication with the conscript

Visiting military personnel is allowed on Saturday and Sunday, and on other days of the week, meetings are possible only at the checkpoint.

Conversations with cadets on a mobile phone are allowed on Sunday from morning until lights out. During training time, all of them are confiscated and are kept by the company commander.

If a soldier is placed in a military hospital or infirmary, he can be visited at any time with a pass.

How to get to the Tambov military unit - training center

Direct buses and trains depart from Moscow from Paveletsky and Kazansky railway stations to Tambov. The schedule can be found on site.

The military unit is located near railway station, about 10 minutes walk under the bridge. The unit's checkpoint is located to the right of the bridge.

You can get there using minibus No. 45, get off at the “Zheleznodorozhny Tekhnikum” or “Eletskaya” stop and walk a few blocks.

By car, you need to enter the city from Michurinskoe Highway, continue the journey all the way straight to the bus station, pass a controlled intersection there and drive straight another 500 meters to the airplane monument (next to it is the necessary checkpoint).

In the article above we looked at the military units of Tambov.

The emblem of the electronic warfare troops depicts a hand in a gauntlet, squeezing a beam of lightning. Perhaps these symbols accurately reflect modern challenges Electronic warfare - complete control over the main invisible factor modern warfare, defining the boundary between victory and defeat - ether.

April 15, 1904, two days after tragic death Admiral Makarov, the Japanese fleet began shelling Port Arthur. However, this attack, later called the “third switch fire,” was not successful. The reason for the failure is revealed in the official report of the acting fleet commander Pacific Ocean Rear Admiral Ukhtomsky. He wrote:

« At 9 o'clock 11 min. In the morning, the enemy armored cruisers Nisin and Kasuga, maneuvering south-southwest from the Liaoteshan lighthouse, began throwing fire at the forts and the internal roadstead. From the very beginning of the shooting, two enemy cruisers, having chosen positions opposite the passage of the Liaoteshan Cape, outside the shots of the fortress, began to telegraph, why immediately the battleship "Pobeda" and the Golden Mountain stations began to interrupt enemy telegrams with a large spark, believing that these cruisers were informing the firing battleships about the hit their shells. The enemy fired 208 large-caliber shells. There were no hits in the courts».

This was the first officially recorded fact in history of the use of electronic warfare in combat operations.

Weak link

Modern electronic warfare, of course, has come a long way from the “big spark,” but the main principle underlying it remains the same. Any organized area of ​​human activity involves a hierarchy, be it a factory, a store, and even more so an army - in any enterprise there is a “brain”, that is, a control system. In this case, competition comes down to a competition between control systems—information warfare. After all, today the main commodity on the market is not oil, not gold, but information. Depriving a competitor of his “brains” can bring victory. Therefore, it is the command and control system that the military seeks to protect first of all: they bury it in the ground, build layered defense systems for headquarters, etc.

Training class of the Interspecific Electronic Warfare Center

But, as you know, the strength of a chain is determined by its weakest link. Control commands need to be somehow transferred from the “brain” to the performers. " The most vulnerable link on the battlefield is the communication system“, explains Andrei Mikhailovich Smirnov, a cycle teacher at the Interspecific Center for the Training and Combat Use of Electronic Warfare Troops in Tambov. - If it is disabled, commands from the control system will not pass to the performers. This is exactly what electronic warfare does».

From reconnaissance to suppression

But in order to disable a communication system, it must be detected. Therefore, the very first task of electronic warfare is technical reconnaissance, which studies the battlefield using all available technical means. This makes it possible to identify radio-electronic objects that can be suppressed - communication systems or sensors.

Electronic warfare vehicle "Rtut-BM" designed to combat not communication lines, but guided weapons and ammunition with radio fuses. In automatic mode, the system detects ammunition and determines the operating frequency of its radio fuse, after which it creates high-power interference.

The Infauna electronic warfare system protects equipment on the move, suppressing communication lines and radio control of explosive devices.

Suppression of radio-electronic objects is the creation at the receiver input of a noise signal greater than the useful signal.

« People of the older generation probably still remember the jamming of foreign shortwave radio stations in the USSR, such as the Voice of America, by transmitting a powerful noise signal. This is just a typical example of radio jamming, says Andrey Mikhailovich. - Electronic warfare also includes the installation of passive jamming, for example, the release of clouds of foil from aircraft to interfere with radar signals or the creation of false targets using corner reflectors. The area of ​​interest of electronic warfare includes not only the radio, but also the optical range - for example, laser illumination of optical-electronic sensors of guidance systems, and even other physical fields, such as hydroacoustic suppression of submarine sonars».

However, it is important not only to suppress the enemy’s communication systems, but also to prevent the suppression of one’s own systems. Therefore, the competence of electronic warfare also includes radio-electronic protection of their systems. This is a complex technical measures, which include the installation of arresters and locking systems for receiving paths during exposure to interference, protection from electromagnetic pulse(including nuclear explosion), shielding, the use of packet transmission, as well as organizational measures such as operating at minimum power and the shortest possible time on air.

In addition, electronic warfare also counters enemy technical reconnaissance, using radio camouflage and various tricky types of signal coding that make detection difficult.

Jammers

« The short-wave "enemy voices" were an analog signal with amplitude modulation at known frequencies, so it was not so difficult to drown them out, explains Andrey Mikhailovich. - But even under such seemingly hothouse conditions, if you had a good receiver, listening to forbidden broadcasts was quite possible due to the peculiarities of the propagation of short-wave signals and the limited power of transmitters. For analog signals, the noise level must exceed the signal level by six to ten times, since the human ear and brain are extremely selective and can understand even a noisy signal.

With modern encoding methods, such as hopping, the task is more complicated: if you use white noise, the hopping receiver simply “will not notice” such a signal. Therefore, the noise signal should be as similar as possible to the “useful” one (but five to six times more powerful). And they are different in different communication systems, and one of the tasks of radio reconnaissance is precisely to analyze the type of enemy signals. Terrestrial systems typically use DSSS or frequency spread spectrum signals, so the most commonly used universal interference is a signal frequency modulated (FM) with a chaotic pulse sequence.

Aviation uses amplitude modulated (AM) signals because on FM the Doppler effect will be affected by a fast moving transmitter. Pulse interference, similar to signals from guidance systems, is also used to suppress aircraft radars. In addition, you need to use a directional signal: this gives a significant gain in power (several times). In some cases, suppression is quite problematic - say, in the case of space or radio relay communications, where very narrow radiation patterns are used».

One should not think that electronic warfare jams “everything” - this would be very ineffective from an energy point of view. “The power of the noise signal is limited, and if it is distributed over the entire spectrum, then at work modern system communications operating with HF signals will not be affected at all,” says Anatoly Mikhailovich Balyukov, head of the testing and methodological department of the Interspecific Center for the Training and Combat Use of Electronic Warfare Troops. - Our task is to detect, analyze the signal and literally “point” suppress it - precisely on those channels between which it “jumps”, and on no others. Therefore, the widespread belief that no communications will work while the electronic warfare system is operating is nothing more than a misconception. Only those systems that need to be suppressed will not work.”

Future War

In the 1990s, the military different countries the world started talking about a new concept of warfare - network-centric warfare. Its practical implementation became possible thanks to the rapid development of information technology.

“Network-centric warfare is based on the creation of a special communication network that unites all units on the battlefield. More precisely, in the battle space, since global satellite constellations are also elements of such a network,” explains Anatoly Mikhailovich Balyukov. - The United States has made a serious bet on network-centric warfare and has been actively testing its elements in local wars since the mid-1990s - from reconnaissance and attack UAVs to field terminals for each soldier, receiving data from a single network.

This approach, of course, allows for much higher combat effectiveness by significantly reducing the Boyd loop time. Now we are no longer talking about days, not about hours or even minutes, but literally about real time - and even about the frequency of individual stages of the loop in tens of hertz. It sounds impressive, but... all these characteristics are provided by communication systems. It is enough to degrade the characteristics of communication systems, at least partially suppressing them, and the frequencies of the Boyd loop will decrease, which (all other things being equal) will lead to defeat.

Thus, the entire concept of network-centric warfare is tied to communication systems. Without communication, coordination between network elements is partially or completely disrupted: there is no navigation, no identification of "friend or foe", no marks on the location of troops, units become "blind", automated fire control systems do not receive signals from guidance systems, and use many types modern weapons it is not possible in manual mode. Therefore, in a network-centric war, electronic warfare will play one of the leading roles, winning the airwaves from the enemy.”

big ear

Electronic warfare methods are actively used not only in the electromagnetic range (radio and optical), but also in acoustics. This is not only anti-submarine warfare (jamming and decoys), but the detection of artillery batteries and helicopters using an infrasound trail that extends far in the atmosphere.

Invisible signals

Amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation are the basis of analog communications, but they are not very noise-resistant and therefore are quite easily suppressed using modern electronic warfare equipment.

Scheme of operation of pseudo-random tuning of operating frequency (PRFC)

Boyd's loop

John Boyd began his career as a US Air Force pilot in 1944, and Korean War He became an instructor and earned the nickname "Forty Second Boyd" because none of the cadets could hold out against him in a mock battle for longer than that.

Located in the village of Stroitel, Tambov region, not far from the regional center. The unit is stationed 15th separate electronic warfare brigade(EW). It deliberately influences enemy radio-electronic targets and protects its own systems for command and control of troops and weapons using radio emission. Distinctive characteristic Electronic warfare is the remoteness of information operations, during which personnel are significantly removed from the target.

History of military unit 71615

The term “electronic warfare” first appeared in Russia in 1969, although radio communications began to be used to counter the enemy at the beginning of the 20th century. IN separate species troops, units and units of electronic warfare were allocated only 40 years later. In 2009 based on 225 separate regiment Electronic warfare, located at that time in military unit 64055, in Novomoskovsk, Tula region, the 15th electronic warfare brigade was formed. On April 21, 2011, she received a combat symbol - Battle Banner, and in the same year was relocated to the Tambov region in military unit 71615.

Service in the 15th separate electronic warfare brigade

Military unit 71615 was located on the territory of the former Tambov Military School, which is why, the village of Stroitel, local residents called “Infantry”. The premises of the educational institution were ideal for housing the administrative apparatus, classrooms and barracks. Accommodation in the barracks is quite comfortable, each has: 4 shower rooms, 1 rest room and a room for sports. Military personnel serving under contract are housed separately from conscripts. Some of the economic duties are performed by civilian workers. Fighters are involved in them only once a week - on Saturdays.

Upon arrival at the unit, within a period not exceeding 30 days, recruits master the young fighter course, after which they are sworn in. Traditionally, the military oath ceremony is held on Saturdays and relatives are allowed to attend.
Periodically, military personnel are taken to field exercises, which usually take place at the training ground in the village of Tregulyai, 5 km away. from Tambov.

Military personnel's allowances are transferred to the VTB Bank card, for "contract soldiers" - 2 times a month, for "conscripts" - once.

Medical care and nutrition

Every day, the unit conducts an inspection of the rank and file to identify diseases or bodily injuries, which is one of the measures to prevent hazing, which, according to those who have been to the unit, does not exist here. Medical care and treatment are carried out in the infirmary at the unit or in a military hospital in Tambov.
There is a canteen and a tea room in the part. Great importance We pay attention to the quality of food, so it is constantly checked for compliance with sanitary standards.

Leave and contact with relatives

Introduction

Strategic Missile Forces- these are not only missile regiments. IN 50th Missile Army there were also many other divisions. One of these divisions is 23rd separate electronic warfare battalion (EW), military 01091 , call sign " Attic", is directly related to Ruzhany.

A battalion was formed in May 1982 year in 49th Missile Division 50 RA. These kinds of units in Missile Forces ah, it wasn’t much, as a senior metrology engineer writes 49th rd lieutenant colonel Yu.Ya. Pokladnev [ 2] :

«... [ It was] a new special forces unit - a separate electronic warfare (EW) battalion. In the Strategic Missile Forces only in two divisions - in 7th (Vypolzovskaya) and in our 49th rd, there were such parts. The battalion was stationed at the positions of the former Ruzhansky shelf, was equipped the latest technology, working in the ultrahigh frequency (microwave) region. This technique required a completely new approach...."

What kind of battalion was this, what was its purpose and what relation did it have to the missile forces? To answer these questions, let's go back to the 70s...

How it all began...

Let us turn to the memories of the colonel V.S. Kuznetsova [ 2] :

"IN Armed Forces USSR, the concept of electronic warfare (EW) was included in the doctrine of the Armed Forces in 60s years XXth century. IN 1969 year at the Leningrad Military Engineering Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky trained the first electronic warfare specialists in the USSR Armed Forces. I was lucky to be among this first graduating class of Reb officers.”

But here they come 70s years. The rapid development of electronics at this time causes an equally rapid development of electronic reconnaissance means. And since the means of “receiving information” ( in simple words- means of electronic espionage) are improved, and naturally the race begins in the development of countermeasures. Let's add to this that the missiles themselves, the means for aiming and launching them, are increasingly saturated with electronics (namely electronics, and not the simple electrical control automation that was in the R-12 or R-14). On new base systems are also moving combat control and connections. High-precision weapons and guidance systems are appearing in NATO armies (primarily the United States). It becomes clear that the emergence of countermeasures in these years has become an absolute necessity. Electronic countermeasures are becoming "one of the types of combat support".

Exactly at 1970 year in 50 rocket army positions are being introduced head of the electronic countermeasures department (REC) of the association And Assistant Chief of Staff of the Electronic Countermeasures Unit. First boss army electronic warfare department V 1970 Lieutenant Colonel Engineer was appointed Kazantsev A.Ya.

IN 1971 year, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Missile Forces, “Manual on electronic countermeasures of the Missile Forces” (NREP-71).

IN March 1972 The General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces conducted a strategic exercise "Ether-72" on the topic “Organization and conduct of electronic warfare (EW) at the beginning and during combat operations,” which involved combat crews from army and division command posts. And the electronic warfare (EW) department is already appearing in the army.

It is this department 50th Army and has been working hard during these years to protect missile systems from detection by radio equipment of NATO front-line aviation.

Between the end 70s and during 80's years, several exercises were held by the USSR Ministry of Defense and the Strategic Missile Forces State Command on electronic warfare issues with the participation 50th RA. Here is just a list of these teachings (given according to the memoirs Yu.Ya. Pokladneva [ 2] ):

1. USSR Ministry of Defense exercise in the Western direction was held in 1976 year with the participation of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, the Northern Group of Soviet Forces in Poland, the Baltic, Belarusian, Moscow Military Districts and 50th Missile Army. It lasted more than 20 days!

2. Research exercise on stealth of the R-12 missile regiment in the 29th (Šiauliai) rd. Participants: Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment of the BVI(call sign "Compass") and 307th rp. The task of the aviation regiment is to reveal the true location of the missile divisions (RDN) and inflict conditional strikes on them.

3. USSR Ministry of Defense teaching. Management from the Strategic Missile Forces was involved 50th RA and missile regiments 7th row. Goal: Ensure the survivability of missile systems 7th row from high-precision weapons (HTO). Participants: Reconnaissance regiment "Shatalovo" and SU-24 fighters ( Lipetsk) - aces! Methods of combating are the broadest false means on PU in all frequency ranges (“white noise”).

4. Research exercise in the USSR Armed Forces on methods of survivability of troops from the WTO(First and last in Soviet army). Place: 1). Headquarters of the USSR Ministry of Defense Marshal Soviet Union D.F. Ustinova near the city Riga. 2). Headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces and 50th RA at headquarters Siauliai missile divisions. Condition of the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, Chief Marshal of Artillery Tolubko V.F..: “Suggest what comes to mind, don’t be afraid of nonsense in sentences, talk as much as you can in a time.” This teaching was a manifestation of the intellectual struggle between representatives of different services of the Republic of Armenia and the Strategic Missile Forces.

5. Final check of our army. Head - Chief of the GShRV Colonel General Vishenkov V.M. Assignment of the head of the GShRV: Methods of combating missile systems with cruise missiles.

To solve electronic warfare problems, integrated technical control units (UCCT) were created in the army administration, in 7th, 32nd And 49th rd. Their tasks were to assess the effectiveness and responsibility of commanders for carrying out measures to counter foreign technical reconnaissance equipment (PD IGR) in command and control bodies, units and institutions, and fulfilling information protection requirements.

The birth of the 23rd electronic warfare battalion...

Back to top 80's gg. command 50th missile army it becomes clear that electronic warfare systems need to be concentrated. That is why, for the purpose of electronic cover during 49th rd V May 1982 year is formed 23rd separate battalion electronic warfare. Initially, a vacant site was chosen as its location. 1st rdn 170th rp near the city Lida. But already February 14, 1984 in 403rd Ruzhansky shelf ground complexes are removed R-12, while a decision was made further to the site of the former 2nd Division Regiment Do not use for its intended purpose (for placing missile systems). In this regard, the vacant seat in in the middle 1984 year and redeployed 23rd Electronic Warfare Battalion. It was considered advisable to use the location of apartments for officers not Ruzhany, A Pruzhany. As V. Soroka writes, “...most of the officers and warrant officers lived in Pruzhany in two houses: st. Yubileinaya no. 8 and no. 12. These are typical five-story panel buildings...”. However, from the letters of those who served in the battalion it follows that some of the officers and warrant officers lived in Ruzhanakh. The first commander of the unit was SamaraV.P.

In 1986(?) to ensure the guaranteed delivery of orders and signals to the command posts of units and divisions of the division during combat operations, the formation was introduced into the combat structure 842nd mobile command post “Vybor”(PCP “Vybor”, military unit 34154-Shch, call sign “Galunny”). The temporary location is determined jointly with 23rd separate battalion REB-S, also on the funds of the former 2nd missile division of the 403rd missile regiment, with subsequent movement closer to the center of the division’s position area to the permanent deployment point of the 638th missile regiment (Slonim) for joint basing.

In 1993, in connection with the completion of the transfer of the facilities of the former 638th missile regiment to the municipal property of the Slonim district of the Grodno region, the 842nd command post again returned to the funds of the former 2nd division of the 403rd missile regiment near the city of Ruzhany, and 1171 was also redeployed there separate anti-aircraft missile division (1171st air defense division, military unit 55216, commander of the sub-command A.V. Blinov), armed with Igla MANPADS.

By the end of 1994, the 1171st airborne division and the 842nd command post will be relocated to the urban settlement. Gorny Uletovsky district of the Chita region (ZabVO) and disbanded.

In 1988 he became commander Dedurin Sergey Timofeevich.

Sergei Timofeevich Dedurin.

Electronic warfare battalion It was armed with the most modern and efficient mobile equipment, which made it possible to completely paralyze the work of on-board radar stations of front-line aviation.

Vasily Soroka, served in military unit 01091 from January 1989, first as the head of the electronic warfare station, and then as the head of the secret unit. From a letter May 2009:

“... Perhaps the order for formation was signed in May, but the unit celebrated its tenth anniversary August 29, 1992 g. The photo that I attached was taken precisely at this holiday. I can’t remember everyone, but in the center with his wife is the unit commander, Lieutenant Colonel Dedurin Sergey Timofeevich....

I will dwell on this event in more detail, especially since it was remembered from the best side. That day, officers and warrant officers with their families arrived at the unit (those who had served previously were also invited). It all started with the official formation on the parade ground and congratulations to those who distinguished themselves. After which the celebration moved to the shore of the lake. Tents were pitched in a clearing near the lake (separate for children). Dances were held right in the clearing to the rhythms of the VIA from the regiment. What I remember most was the pilaf that the chefs prepared; I have never tried anything like this in my life. It should be said that at that time there was intense heat for a long time, even the water level in the lake dropped very much. Everyone walking was thirsty. They brought a fire truck and everyone came and drank water from the water tap. We drank two cars in one day. The holiday ended in the dark, but it brought the unit together like nothing else..."

And again the memories Colonel V.S. Kuznetsova :

“...in the Strategic Missile Forces, and primarily in our 50th RA, the concept of electronic warfare began to be put into practice, as was repeatedly stated in the orders of the USSR Minister of Defense in 1984-1986. Yes, our army was an order of magnitude higher than military districts in terms of technical equipment with electronic warfare equipment and its practical use. .. »

“...The pride of our army was the formation of two electronic warfare battalions in the 49th and 7th rows. By the way, these were the first and last electronic warfare battalions in the Strategic Missile Forces. The process of their formation was complex. It was necessary to create new combat units and quickly master methods of combating the survivability of the SPU RSD-10 and OS missile systems...”

“...Having a separate electronic warfare battalion in the 49th (Lida) missile division, with the latest reconnaissance and jamming stations (they were the first in the USSR Armed Forces to enter our battalion), our army, in its tactical and technical capabilities, was capable of covering from enemy aviation strikes against the Lida, Postavy, Pruzhany, and partially Kaunas divisions, and, in general, the entire Belarusian Military District.”

Vasily Soroka, from letters 2008-2009:

“...served in a unit at the site of the second division. After rearmament, the regiment began to be located on the first site, and the electronic warfare battalion was redeployed to the second in 1986(?). From where he was taken to the territory of the Russian Federation on August 8, 1993...”

“... Maybe I’m wrong, but there were three battalions in the Strategic Missile Forces (Pruzhany, Bologoe. Pervomaisk). Ours was different in that it was located on a separate site...”

“...military unit 01091. It was a separate electronic warfare (electronic warfare) battalion and was intended to protect missiles from the air in the event of an attack. The location of the latter is exactly between Ruzhany and Pruzhany on the site of an old missile unit, 5 km from the highway next to some lake. The unit was framed, so there were about 120 soldiers and sergeants, 30 warrant officers and officers. I think the hospital was in Slonim. We didn’t have our own store; a border police officer came once a week. They didn’t go on layoffs or go AWOL because there was nowhere to go. During the entire period, we left the unit five times. Once to Brest, twice to Ruzhany and twice for exercises..."

“... Yes, the officers lived in Ruzhany. The unit was called the Separate Electronic Warfare Battalion, call sign (Attic). The place is absolutely correct, that’s where we were located...”

“... The battalion consisted of two companies and one platoon. An electronic reconnaissance company (short- and long-range radar), a jamming company (three platoons, each with two stations. One, when turned on, gave milk on the screen of the aircraft, the other multiple targets. According to the officers, the weapon is quite effective) and household equipment. platoon I was the ZKV of a short-range reconnaissance platoon (radar station P-19), unfortunately I don’t remember the other brands... Our company commander was Captain Kravchuk. Platoon Lieutenant Marorescu, immediate superior warrant officer Studenichnik. More names: Captain Verchenov, warrant officer Gaiduk... I don’t remember the unit commander (...). Before that, he was the commander of the unit (...), I found him only a week after his arrival at the unit...”

“... From the names, Sergeant Borshch from Sakhnovshchina, Sergeant Chomko, Sergeant Sery (my classmate), we were all in training in the city of Lida, as well as soldiers Vakulenko, Titenko, Roginsky.”

Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :

“...The difficulty was also that if the formation of new regiments and the development of a new rocket technology All army services were involved, then electronic warfare battalions were engaged for the most part head of the army's electronic warfare department, organizational department and personnel department. Young officers came from the Academy. A.F. Mozhaisk and Rostov Higher Engineering School. The command staff is from the ground forces of the Carpathian and Belarusian military districts. These were not the best officers. Ensigns and soldiers by order of the chief of staff, General G.V. Kozlov. They were collected in a hurry, within 2 days from all divisions. Well, which commander will send the best? Subsequently, these shortcomings in the selection of personnel created serious problems in maintaining statutory order and military discipline. However, the process of mastering technology was at a high level. The social and living conditions of the personnel were exemplary in comparison with many units of the 49th rd. In the city of Pruzhany, a 75-apartment building was built in a short time for officers, warrant officers and employees of the SA battalion. A freelance brass band has been created. A group of teaching staff from the Kyiv Higher Military School of Air Defense Forces was brought in to train battalion officers. Ground Forces, which conducted retraining courses directly in the battalion for a month. [as V. Soroka clarifies, subsequently station chiefs were trained in different places, and since 1989 in Tambov training center, - ed. ] The first exercise with the battalion was carried out when it was still based in Lida. A column of more than 100 cars stretched along the city streets and fanned out into the territory of the Brest, Grodno, Minsk and Gomel regions. The positions of the jamming stations were located at distances of up to 40 km from each other. At each position there are 6-8 personnel under the command of warrant officers and conscript sergeants, who have not yet been properly studied in a short time and are not technically trained enough. But overall, the exercise went well, and the battalion received initial practice across the entire army complex, incl. and professional activities.

After this exercise, the battalion was relocated to the vacated site of the 1st rdn of the 170th rp near the city of Lida. At one of the exercises, the Chief of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel General Vishenkov V.M. Having arrived at the position of the electronic warfare battalion of the 49th RD, deployed in the positional area of ​​the 32nd RD (and the battalion was “mocking around” among all divisions), I watched its practical actions against aircraft strategic aviation division of General D. Dudayev, based in Tartu. The head of the GShRV highly appreciated the actions of the personnel and equipment: “Yes, this is top-class electronics!”

This battalion, constantly participating in all exercises conducted Minister of Defense, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, showed the high efficiency of covering the military forces located in field positions. There were also incidents and preconditions for disasters.

Thus, during one of the exercises, the SU-24 aircraft lost its outboard fuel tank and could no longer return to its airfield. The pilot asked to land at Postavy airfield, but reported that he could not see anything due to strong interference. It was night. I immediately gave the order to clear the interference. All stations complied with the order, except one. She “pressed” this plane until it landed.

Of course, he was a high-class pilot. In the morning, the army commander, Colonel General N.N. Kotlovtsev. asked the pilot to come to the headquarters of the 32nd RD and talk about his feelings and the effectiveness of radio interference. A handsome young major arrived. He was emotionally overwhelmed and confirmed the strong and unexpected impact of the interference. The battalion did not have partners to practice practical tasks. At that time, we had an SU-24 aircraft with frequencies similar to Western ones. In agreement with the commander of the 50th RA and Vinnitsa air army two Su-24 regiments stationed at the Kalinkovichi airfield in Belarus, and our battalion became partners. For training, a combat position was created at the battalion station, through which they passed practical training all crews of the battalion, creating interference during training flights of aircraft of these aviation regiments.

One of the regiments carried out actual bombing at its training ground near the city of Ruzhany. At the request of the regiment commander, we brought 2 jamming stations to the training ground area. I was next to the regiment commander at the training ground command post.

When the planes entered the combat course, the pilots felt the effects of interference already 100 km away. For us, the task of disrupting the attack was to unexpectedly interfere with the attackers and to keep the distance from the aircraft to the target as short as possible.

But even when the pilots knew and saw the interference in advance, the results of the attacks remained negative. The regiment commander, seeing the effectiveness of jamming, asked me: “Give me the opportunity to carry out at least one attack with an A!” I remained inexorable: “I want to check the effectiveness of my battalion. And check the effectiveness of your preparation!” The pilots literally shouted on the air: “We see nothing! Remove the interference!"

The regiment commander, seeing this turn of events, said: “You know, tomorrow you and I will no longer be at our posts. At a distance of 10-15 km from the test site there are sleeping settlements. It is possible that bomb attacks will be carried out on them by mistake.” We had to remove the interference, say goodbye to the hospitable hosts of the test site, and the crews of the jamming stations had to return to the station... "

23rd about reb, V. Soroka with his subordinates 1989-1990

“... As for the electronic warfare battalion, the case when the pilots asked to turn off the interference actually happened and I was a direct participant. In the early 90s, a letter came from one of the aviation units with a request to put real interference during bombing. On the day of the flights, we took only one SPN-30 station from the platoon of captain Andrei Ambroshchuk, I went as a driver and operator and took several more soldiers to deploy the station. We clarified which side the attack would be from, chose a location and began to set up the station. They didn’t think of warning the range command about their presence. A UAZ vehicle immediately pulls up and Andrei is taken to the checkpoint. After some time he returned and we continued our work. Only the flight director demanded to establish a wired connection with them, so I had to take the coil and stomp to the control post. They also gave us the frequencies on which negotiations would be conducted with the crews, so that we would be aware, but we were unable to do this. As it turned out, the frequency range of our standard radio station did not coincide with the range of the aircraft.

The flights began in the middle of the day and while it was still bright summer sun They didn’t make any claims to us; they probably worked visually. It’s just not very pleasant to sit in the station and hear bombs falling somewhere a kilometer or two away. Towards evening, either the type of plane changed or visibility became worse, only then the guys started having problems. We took them at the maximum distance and led them until he flew over us. They immediately switched to the next one and everything was repeated. That's when the phone rang demanding to turn off the high. Then we worked without turning on the interference.

Perhaps this is not the case mentioned in the book, only for exercises the battalion usually dispersed throughout the area by platoon, without using the aviation training ground.

And this, of course, is not the last incident from service in the electronic warfare battalion, but more about them later.... "

Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :

“... Our electronic warfare battalion also participated in an experimental exercise with a division located in the village of Tatishchevo, Saratov region, which was led by the head of the Main Airborne Forces, Colonel General V.M. Vishenkov.

We relocated to the training area by rail. The train consisted of 90 cars. It was good training for the personnel of the electronic warfare battalion.

The division was located for at least 100 km along the Volga River. There are no forests, plains and heights; on some of them, pulling 20-ton stations along slopes covered with an oil layer was dangerous and difficult. And this was also a study! Night. Clear sky. Bombers from the Lipetsk training center attack the launchers of the missile division. The pilots are aces!

Over the course of 3 nights, planes in 3 echelons approached the launch pads on the road from south to north and back. The electronic warfare battalion's technical equipment was controlled automatically by computers that issued targets to radio jamming stations. And if they “grabbed” this goal, they would never let it go.

Virtually it looked like this: 3 echelons of planes flying from each other at intervals of 10-15 minutes. Then they turn around and walk along the missile division again. The stations “grab” the targets and accompany them with interference. The station's antennas automatically monitor aircraft in altitude and direction. And now the second echelon is rolling in. And again they make a second pass, then a third. “Electronic porridge” is on the air. What is the purpose of “pressing”? Station antennas shake due to 180° turns in height and 360° turns in direction...

The actions of our battalion during this exercise were assessed very positively and became the “highlight” of this exercise. At this major exercise, many options for the survivability of missile systems against high-precision weapon strikes were tested...”

Since the 23rd electronic warfare battalion fully justified the hopes placed on it and clearly carried out the assigned tasks, it was decided to create another similar unit in the 50th Missile Army. So in December 1985, the 11th separate electronic warfare battalion (military unit 52949) was formed to provide electronic cover for the 7th Missile Division.

Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :

“... The 11th electronic warfare battalion in the Strategic Missile Forces was planned to be formed in the Pervomaisk division of the Vinnitsa army. Considering that our army already had this experience, it was formed in the 7th rd. Part of the equipment was transferred there from the 49th rd and officers were selected from the 23rd electronic warfare battalion...”

Thus, the 23rd electronic warfare battalion became the basis of the new, 11th battalion. Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :

«... Combat training the personnel of electronic warfare battalions was not inferior to other parts of the divisions. And on the parade ground (especially in the 7th row), the electronic warfare battalions were distinguished by excellent drill training and sang their own “electronic warfare” songs. The personnel were proud to belong to the electronic warfare service, and the merit for this, first of all, was the commanders and officers: Major V.I. Pridybaylo. (later chief of staff of the Chita RA), captain Kubay A.V. (after the disbandment of our army - deputy head of the Smolensk customs, and then a representative Russian Federation in Belarus), captain G.N. Sankuev (now Colonel of Justice, awarded the Weapon of Honor for participation in the fight against terrorism in the Chechen Republic), Captain Rastyapin V.V., chiefs of electronic warfare divisions Lieutenant Colonels Rozhko P.P., Shelukhin V.V., Kolchugin E.N., Chernyavsky V.N., Baranova V.N. A good memory remains of the first chief of the army's electronic warfare, Colonel Alexander Yakovlevich Kazantsev, as a bright and talented personality who laid a solid foundation for the formation and development of the army's electronic warfare service. I had to become his successor and continue his initiatives and developments to improve the electronic warfare system in our army. These were the years of rapid development of electronic warfare in the Armed Forces, which left a positive imprint on the formation of the electronic warfare service in our army and in the Strategic Missile Forces. This is the undoubted merit of the personal merit of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army and the Chief of the General Staff, officers of the electronic warfare department of missile forces, Colonel S.P. Galaktionov, Major General O.N. Karshulin, Colonels E.M. Khromenkov, V.N. Rakov, V.V. Burdonsky ., Agapov I.I., as well as the officers of the electronic warfare laboratory.

Colonel V.N. Vidov served in the army's electronic warfare service. (became head of electronic warfare of Irkutsk V.A.), Lieutenant Colonel Verlyudov (finished his service as chief of electronic warfare of Omsk RA), Major Kostyuchkov V.A., the previously mentioned captains Kubai A.V. and Sankuev G.N., captains Turkov A.V. and Gromov V.N.

In conclusion, I want to express gratitude and pay tribute to all commanders, chiefs, officers of services and departments of our missile army, officers of divisions and regiments, units and subunits for their understanding and practical implementation of electronic warfare methods and techniques...”

23rd about reb, V. Soroka with his subordinates 1989-1990

Showing concern about the vulnerability of the PGRK, one of the military experts writes: “... It is naive to believe that in modern conditions it is possible to reliably hide a mobile missile system from modern detection means even in the vast expanses of our country. A mobile launcher is, first of all, a metal object more than 24 meters long, about 3.5 meters wide and almost 5 meters high, which also emits a large amount of heat and is a source of electromagnetic radiation simultaneously in a dozen frequency ranges. It must be remembered that a mobile launcher does not have protection even from conventional weapons...” [2].

“... I selected from photo albums all the photos related to my service in the battalion. I’ll scan it and send it in the next letters, I’ll write about the command staff. About half of the battalion left for Russia. The former commander of the electronic warfare company, Captain Andrey Ambroshchuk, lives in Mogilevtsy. There are several more station chiefs in Ruzhany: Yura Zhukovsky and Volodya Krysko. In Pruzhany former boss club ensign Yura Osadchiy (all the photographs that I will send were taken by him). I’ll try to meet with them, maybe they can share some information.

I tried to find those who left for Russia through the Odnoklassniki website. I would very much like to know what happened to the fate of the commander, Lieutenant Colonel Sergei Timofeevich Dedurin, the head of communications, Sr. Lt. Dima Vasiltsov, Andrei Morarescu (he left either as chief of staff or deputy for armaments), platoon commanders Sr. Lt. Alexei Verchenov, Volodya Popov , former head headquarters of Simon Pavel Olegovich (he, as far as I remember, transferred to Krasnodar region or Stavropol region)..."

Withdrawal of the battalion to Russia...

The year 1991 could not but influence the fate of the unit... As V. Soroka writes, “... after the collapse of the USSR, there were not enough soldiers in the unit. When the parade of sovereignties began, the majority of our soldiers were Ukrainians and Moldovans. For them, the main thing was to get home. (On vacation, or even relatives came and picked them up by car.) There they were registered with the military registration and enlistment office, included in the national armed forces, and it was impossible to snatch them from there. It was at such a time that drivers in the support platoon, SA employees, telephone operators and many conscripts began to appear in the army ...»

“... When the troops began to be withdrawn, the battalion was among the first to be withdrawn. August 8, 1993. All equipment, property and personnel were loaded onto the train and sent to a new duty station on the territory of the Russian Federation. Many translations were carried out in last days before the withdrawal, so I don’t remember exactly who went with whom. ... "

“... The battalion was withdrawn to the Kostroma area. As far as I know, a barracks was allocated for housing for officers, warrant officers and conscripts. Some of the officers rented housing in Kostroma and traveled about 70 km by rail to their unit every day. ... "

According to some reports, the battalion was subsequently disbanded altogether, but this information has not yet been reliably confirmed.

___________________

P.S. New documentary evidence has emerged about future fate battalion

It was indeed redeployed to Russia (near Kostroma, 10th Missile Division) in accordance with Defense Ministry Directive No. 314/4/0788 dated June 29, 1993, receiving the conditional unit number of military unit 02004….