Position of Brazil in climatic zones. Economic and geographical characteristics of Brazil
The most football, temperamental and festival country in the world is Brazil. On a vast territory fit everything: the most a large number of football stadiums and relic forests, new wonders of the world and ancient monuments. Under the hot Brazilian sun, they hold the largest carnivals in the world, arrange national holidays and bask on the best beaches. Nature has rewarded Brazil with everything - from beautiful nature to a difficult but surprising climate. The country of eternal summer, where all the seasons are reversed - welcome to Brazil!
Climatic zones of Brazil
Three climatic zones. In the largest state in South America, occupying almost half a continent, the following main climatic zones dominate:
- Equatorial. This is the north-east of the country, a territory that includes the Amazon River basin. Here is the driest hot climate, especially pronounced in the second half of summer and autumn, when the average temperature reaches +34°C, and it can rain only three days a month.
- Tropical. 90% of Brazil is located in this climate zone. weather features pronounced geographically. In the capital, the cities of Sao Paulo, Belo Horizonte - in spring and summer up to + 30 ° C. But on the coast, where Rio de Janeiro is located, El Salvador is hotter: in the daytime up to + 34 ° C in summer period, plus - high humidity.
- Subtropical. Predominant in southern Brazil. In the state of Santa Catarina, for example, it is the coolest in the summer - only up to + 19 ° C. But the greatest heat comes in winter time- in January-February, when the thermometers show up to + 29 ° C.
For those who go to Brazil without knowing Portuguese at all, unpleasant news awaits - English is used here only in large tourist centers and hotels. On the streets and shops, even in big cities, and especially in the outback, they almost do not know the international language of communication.
These climatic zones are the main ones, but, given the vast territory, as well as the significant influence of fronts air masses, relief, several more separate climatic regions can be distinguished:
- Amazonia with its humid equatorial climate is considered a special place. A large amount of precipitation all year round, the imperceptible change of seasons, high humidity and high air temperature contribute to the establishment of a special microclimate and unique natural beauties in this area.
- The subequatorial climate can be distinguished on the territory of the Brazilian and Guiana highlands.
- The most arid and unbearably hot area is the northeastern part, where temperatures rise to +38 degrees.
- Separately, mountainous terrain is ordered. On the uplands, the zonation of the high-mountain climate is clearly traced.
- average temperature in the country - always not lower than + 20 ° C.
Drinking coffee is a national tradition. Coffee machines are installed everywhere, in any institution you will be served the best Brazilian coffee, and even the Portuguese word for "breakfast" is translated as "to take coffee." More than 2.5 million tons of coffee, mostly Arabica, Brazil annually supplies to the world market.
A main feature, which sharply distinguishes Brazil from the climate that is so familiar to us - the opposite of European seasons. The country lies in the Southern Hemisphere, which means that when it is summer in Europe, it is winter in Brazil. But the great advantage of Brazil is that there are practically no significant differences between the seasons. The water temperature in the ocean for most of the year is kept in the redistribution of + 26 + 29 ° C.
Tourist seasons in Brazil
The water temperature, often the main reason to visit the endlessly beautiful beaches of Brazil, is high almost all year round:
- January-May - up to +27°C
- June-August - up to +26+27°C
- September-October - up to +28°C
- November-December - maximum +29+30°C
The hottest time in most of the territory is the winter-spring months. This is the Brazilian summer, but in order not to get caught in storms and downpours, it is better to choose resorts in subequatorial or tropical Brazil for a trip.
The largest influx of tourists occurs at Christmas, New Year and the time of Carnival in Rio (February).
Tourist Features
Brazil is visited by about six million tourists a year, beachgoers, football and coffee lovers, Brazilian dance and culture. More than two thousand beaches, more than a hundred nature reserves and dozens national parks- Brazil will have something to surprise. The heritage of the culture of different civilizations and ancient settlements, bright holidays and no less magnificent praise of work - Brazilians know how to have fun and meet tourists.
April, May, June, August, September, October - these months are the best to visit the resort of Rio de Janeiro, the first capital of Brazil. At the same time, you can visit the Amazon (do not forget the prophylactic course against malaria in advance).
June-August is the time for trips to the Pantanal lagoons.
Your list of "must-see" properties in Brazil should include:
- The statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio - a man-made wonder of the world
- Iguazu Falls - gallons of water fall from a height of 72 meters for three kilometers
- Amazonia
- Snake Reserve "Butantan"
- Palace of the Palacio Negro in Manaus
- The Solimões and Rio Negro rivers, whose confluence is a magnificent creation of nature - due to the different density of water, the two channels never mix, but flow side by side with two multi-colored ribbons
During your first trip, don't try to cover everything! To see the symbols of Brazil, you should definitely visit Rio de Janeiro, see the very Copacabana beach and the magnificent statue of Christ the Redeemer on Corcovado. From natural wonders- This, of course, is the complex of Iguazu Falls, which unites almost 250 huge rivers rumbling from a height.
During your stay in the Pantanal reserve, you can experience an extreme activity - piranha fishing.
The apogee of everything Brazilian is Carnival in Rio - a celebration of samba, talent and popular fun. Four days of festivities - all of Brazil at this time, it seems that they started dancing.
Brazil has spread its territories across four time zones, and some regions even switch to winter/summer time. To visit Brazil, it is worth having a "tidy sum" - the flight is expensive, since it is transatlantic. It is better to plan a vacation for at least two to three weeks. You don’t have to take cash into the country with you - in Brazil it is customary to pay with a card everywhere. For this, terminals are installed everywhere.
What clothes to take with you
Sunglasses are a must, as is sunscreen. The Brazilian sun is especially merciless to tourists unaccustomed to such a climate. Traditional Brazilian flip flops, oversized T-shirts and caps are a traditional style in everyday wear. Considering that due to the heat and high humidity you will have to take a shower several times a day, there should be a lot of change of clothes. Also bring a pair of sneakers and good boots for hiking and hiking in mountainous areas, as well as playing football - National treasure Brazil.
Brazilians have a passion for football. Everyone is rooting for a team. In Brazil, the largest number of football fields, one of the most famous is in Sao Paulo - Pacaembu, where Pelé often played at one time. And yet - the largest and world-famous stadium "Maracana".
When collecting a first aid kit, do not forget about the preparations necessary for sunstroke, headaches, all kinds of protective equipment against sunburn and insects.
If your vacation falls during the rainy season or a cool season, stock up on a few long-sleeve sweaters and jeans - wet weather in Brazil also happens.
For walks in the jungle, you definitely need closed things - long sleeves, sturdy boots, and a hat.
And of course, you can’t do without bathing accessories in Brazil - you determine the thickness of the “strings” yourself, there are also nudist beaches in Brazil.
For lovers of yachting and diving, there is a magnificent bay with picturesque islands in the area of the municipality of Angra dos Reis (south of Rio). Here you can go sailing on a yacht, and go diving, snorkeling. You can also swim here, since the bay is separated from the "big water", there are no strong currents and huge waves. You can also go to the famous Brazilian resorts of Cabo Frio dos Buzios.
Weather in Brazil by months
January
In the equatorial climate zone (northeast) during the day up to 30 degrees Celsius, not very hot compared to the tropical coastal part, where up to 32 + 34°C. January is a rainy month, and if not it's raining, then the humidity is increased in any case.
The length of the coastline is more than 7000 kilometers! The beaches of Pernambuco, a state located in the northeastern region of Brazil, are considered the best. The safest are the beaches of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, as there are no strong waves near the coast. The city of Salvador is the most stable in terms of temperature, which stays at + 30 ° C all year round.
February
This month is an analogue of our July, that is, the height of the Brazilian summer in winter. It is hottest in the southeast. During the day up to +38+40°C. At the same time, the humidity is almost one hundred percent for more than half a month, it often rains. Hot and parky - this weather is very exhausting, so for families with small children it is better to refrain from traveling to Brazil at this time.
February in Brazil is marked by the world-famous carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Hundreds of schools of this dance pass along the sambadrome, showing their skills. This carnival is unparalleled among holidays and festivals in terms of scale and brilliance. Carnival is a national holiday, so at this time the country has a public holiday.
March
Brazilian autumn comes in March. Rain is still frequent, and the temperature of the water in the ocean is almost equal to the temperature of the air. The harvest season is starting, so there are not so many fun activities. Coffee beans, apples, bananas, exotic cocoons, noni - fruit abundance in local markets at this time.
April
Still humid, but not so hot in the Rio de Janeiro area. On the territory of the equatorial climate, it is also the time of rains, bringing coolness at night.
May
The rains almost stop, in the flat areas the temperature is about +30°C, while the difference between day and night temperatures is noteworthy, which can reach 12-15 degrees. On the coast, the sea breeze is well felt, creating comfortable conditions to stay even at +32°C. Rainy season begins in the Amazon.
The Amazon River Basin is an amazing place, which has no equal anywhere on earth. All this territory was once the bottom of the oceans, and today it is a huge green "lungs" of the planet.
June
Preparations for the Brazilian winter begin. While the heat on the plains is up to +30°C, in the coastal part (Rio de Janeiro, in particular) and in the south it becomes sharply cool - up to +20°C. If your vacation coincides with this period, it is better to go to the southeast coast of Brazil, where the weather is comfortable for walking, and you can swim in the ocean, where the water at this time is warmed up to + 25 + 26 ° C.
Bahia do Sancho is considered the most picturesque Brazilian beach. But if the open ocean seems dangerous to someone, you can always go to Lake Araruama. warm water. But on the world famous Copacabana beach, you should not count on excellent swimming - there are strong waves, currents and not very warm water.
July
Welcome to Brazilian February. July is the height of winter. This time in the country is characterized by cool weather, but at the same time, there is almost no precipitation. Ideal time for sightseeing and trips to Brazil. It rains in the northeast, and in the mountains, there were cases, even snow fell. A great time for educational excursions through the jungles of Brazil.
August
Precipitation continues to fall only in the northeast, in other regions there is dry weather. You can still relax in the southeast, where warm weather and even warmer water.
September
In September, the Brazilian spring comes into its own. In the territory subject to the equatorial climate, it is worth hot weather– in the northeast up to +34°C. Comfortable weather - in the tropics, up to + 30 ° C during the day. On the coast, in the Rio area, there is a pleasant coolness, up to + 27 ° C. Swimming is worth going to the southeast, where the water in the Atlantic Ocean is already warmed up to + 28 ° C by September. This time is the time of flowering in Brazil. September 7 is the national holiday of Independence Day.
October
Most hot region in October - the northeast, where the thermometers show up to + 40 ° C, while it is unlikely that there will be more than 2-3 rainy days in a month. The capital is the driest period, it is not recommended to go there on vacation during this time.
In a country with a population of 200 million people and a not very high standard of living, crime is difficult to control. Therefore, safety on the streets of even large cities and tourist centers leaves much to be desired. In the evenings and nights it is better not to tempt fate.
November
The middle of spring in Brazil is characterized by the fact that in the northeast there is still unbearable heat with high humidity. But in the south it's time natural disaster caused by the weather: heavy rains, hurricanes and, provoked by this, landslides.
December
The rainy season and the beginning of the Brazilian summer. High air temperature and high humidity. For recreation - extremely uncomfortable conditions. However, this is the season for many festivals, holidays, and vacations. On the night of December 31 to January 1, Brazilians widely celebrate the onset of the New Year, or Reveillon. It is worth joining after the chimes and grandiose fireworks in the tradition of throwing white flowers into the ocean waters. But the New Year is not celebrated as much as Christmas, as most Brazilians are Catholics.
Weather in cities and resorts by months
Brasilia
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 26 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 17 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | |
| Rain, mm | 247 | 218 | 181 | 124 | 39 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 55 | 167 | 231 | 246 |
Angra dos Reis
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 30 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 29 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 23 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 22 |
Belo Horizonte
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 28 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 27 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 19 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
Curitiba
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 27 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 25 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 16 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Manaus
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 31 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 31 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | |
| Rain, mm | 264 | 290 | 335 | 311 | 279 | 115 | 85 | 47 | 74 | 113 | 174 | 220 |
petropolis
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 27 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 26 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 18 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
| Rain, mm | 311 | 156 | 149 | 64 | 39 | 17 | 29 | 24 | 51 | 104 | 188 | 251 |
Porto Alegre
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 30 | 30 | 28 | 25 | 22 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 27 | 29 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 21 | 21 | 19 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 19 |
Recife
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | |
| Rain, mm | 108 | 148 | 257 | 338 | 319 | 378 | 388 | 205 | 122 | 63 | 36 | 57 |
26.07.2013
Brazil is the largest country in South America. In addition, she is one of the five most huge countries peace. In terms of area, this country is second only to Russia, the USA, China and Canada. The vast expanses of Brazil amaze with the diversity of nature. Everything is here: rainforests, impenetrable jungle, majestic mountains, waterfalls of unique beauty, arid deserts, full-flowing rivers, cozy bays and wonderful golden beaches. The climate in Brazil is no less diverse.
The main part of the country is located between the equator and the southern tropic. This has a significant impact on climatic features. In addition, an important role is played by the fact that almost the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe state rises significantly above sea level. Therefore, almost throughout the entire territory, the only exception is the extreme southern regions, very hot weather reigns.
The average annual temperature in Brazil is from +14.7 to +28.3ºС. The maximum temperature is observed in the northern part. The closer to the south, the lower it is. The highest average annual rates are registered in the Middle and Eastern Amazon. And the lowest - in the central part of the states of Santa Catarina and Parana. Winter frosts are not uncommon here, although residents of other regions are characterized only by positive thermometer readings.
Annual temperature fluctuations are very small. For the northern regions, this figure is one and a half - two and a half degrees, for areas located in the Brazilian highlands - four to seven degrees, for states in the eastern part of the country - two to six degrees. The central regions (12 ºС) are characterized by the maximum annual temperature fluctuations.
Quite different indicators of temperature fluctuations during the season or day. Moreover, they differ greatly depending on the location of the area. For example, if in the Amazon this value is in the range of 5-6ºС, then in the southern regions it is 40ºС.
Influence the climate in Brazil and regular rainy seasons. This country is distinguished by an increased amount of precipitation falling during the year. The annual average for all states is often higher than 1000 millimeters. It rains most abundantly in the Eastern and Western Amazon. Here the annual rainfall is 2000 millimeters. The driest is the northeast (less than 500 millimeters).
From early October to late April, there is a long rainy season. At this time, the humidity of the air rises significantly. The northeast coast is characterized by autumn and winter rains. But in the southern part of the state, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year.
Climatic conditions Brazil is less monotonous. The country lies in the equatorial, subtropical and tropical zones. The country is constantly hot and humid, seasonal changes practically not observed. Climatic conditions were influenced by a combination of mountains and plains, as well as other natural features terrain. The driest regions of Brazil are in the north and east, where precipitation reaches up to 600 mm per year.
In Rio de Janeiro, the most warm month- February with a temperature of +26 degrees, and the most cold weather happens in July, when the heat drops to +20 degrees. For us, this weather is unusual not only because of the heat, but because of the high level of humidity.
equatorial belt in brazil
The area where the Amazon Basin is located lies in equatorial climate. There is high humidity and high rainfall. About 3000 mm falls here annually. Most high temperatures they come here from September to December and reach +34 degrees Celsius. From January to May, the average temperature is +28 degrees, and at night it drops to +24. The rainy season here lasts from January to May. In general, frosts never occur in this area, as well as dry periods.
Subtropical zone in Brazil
Most of country lies in subtropical climate. From May to September, the highest temperatures are recorded in the territory, exceeding +30 degrees. And during this period, it almost never rains. During the rest of the year, the temperature drops by only a couple of degrees. There is much more rainfall. Sometimes it rains all December. There is about 200 mm of precipitation per year. Always in this area high level humidity, which ensures the circulation of air currents from the Atlantic.
Tropical climate in Brazil
The tropical zone is considered the coldest climate in Brazil, located on the Atlantic coast of the country. The lowest temperatures were recorded in Porto Alegre and Curitibu. It is +17 degrees Celsius. Temperature regime winter varies from +24 to +29 degrees. Precipitation is negligible: there can be about three rainy days in one month.
In general, the climate of Brazil is quite uniform. This is a warm and humid summer period, as well as dry and barely cool winters. The country is in the tropical, subtropical and equatorial belts. Here such weather, which are not suitable for all people, but only for connoisseurs of warmth.
Brazil is interesting and unique at any time of the year. Paradise, where you want to return again and again. In the north of the country stretches the line of the equator, and in the south - the Tropic of Capricorn. Water Atlantic Ocean washed by the eastern shores. The vast territory of the country is occupied by the Amazonian lowland.
Weather in Brazil now:
According to archaeologists, the Amazon was once the bottom of a vast sea. And now it is the most mysterious lowland on our planet, which has not been fully explored. Interestingly, there are still many places in the Amazon where the foot of a civilized person has not set foot.
Proximity to the equator determined the average air temperature. Needless to say, summer is here all year round: an average of 25-28 degrees at any time of the year! In the south, in the mountains, it is a little cooler, in the central part it is more arid, and on the coast there is always high humidity. Winter differs from summer only in a large amount of rain.
Climate of Brazil by months:
Spring (Brazilian autumn)
Since Brazil is located in the southern hemisphere, the seasons here are turned upside down. Autumn (in the understanding of the Brazilians) comes in March-April. There are few holidays at this time, because the entire population is busy harvesting. What grows in Brazil? That's right, coffee, and the best in the world. It is all the more surprising that the Brazilians themselves prefer cocoa.
In addition to coffee, Brazil exports a huge number of apples. And fruit abundance can be observed in local markets: from bananas, of which there are more than 30 varieties, to exotic cherimoya, cocoon, jaboticaba and noni.
Summer (Brazilian winter)
Winter lasts from May to August. This best time to travel through the Amazon jungle, because wild animals are less aggressive in winter. Ocelots, jaguars and cougars hide in dense thickets of trees. And there are really a lot of monkeys: howler monkeys and monkeys, bald uakari and pygmy marmosets. In addition, in the jungle you can see a sloth sleeping peacefully on the branches, meet a capybara or a South American harpy - the most predatory bird. And, of course, caimans and huge anacondas.
Autumn (Brazilian Spring)
When autumn comes in the northern hemisphere of the globe, spring comes in Brazil in September. The rainy season begins, with its heavy tropical downpours, stormy thunderstorms. Nature is renewed, and the lush vegetation of the tropics turns into a carpet of flowers. Especially a lot of orchids, their heady aroma is dizzying. There are more than 100 species of cacti and palm trees in bloom, hevea (a valuable supplier of rubber) and insanely beautiful water lilies.
On September 7, Brazilians celebrate Independence Day. Well, something, but this people loves and knows how to celebrate. In the morning, a festive military parade takes place in the capital, and festivities throughout the country last until the morning.
Winter (Brazilian summer)
The hot Brazilian summer begins in December. This period - from December to March - is the best time for swimming. The most important holiday of the summer is the New Year, or Reveillon. The Brazilians do not have a traditional chiming clock. On December 31, it is customary to dress in white clothes, give each other gifts, drink champagne and forgive old grievances. And at midnight, the people of Rio go to the coast, admire the fireworks and throw white flowers into the waves of the ocean. An unforgettable sight!
Another grand event takes place in February - the carnival in Rio. A global event, because this week of samba, unbridled fun and tequila attracts millions of tourists.
Impenetrable jungle, winding full-flowing rivers, exotic animals, warm sea and the most famous beaches - this is how the description of Brazil usually sounds. It is also one of largest countries world by area, leader in the cultivation of coffee and sugar cane. Want to know more? In this article, we will talk about the main characteristics of Brazil.
General information
The Federative Republic of Brazil is one of the largest states in the world. With an area of 8,515,770 km², it occupies approximately 5.7% of the entire land area of the Earth. Where is Brazil located? It is located on the continent of South America. From the east and partly from the north, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to Ecuador and Chile, it borders on all countries on the mainland.
Brazil has 212 million people. In the past, it was a colony of Portugal, and now it is one of the few countries in the world where Portuguese is the official language. The country gained independence in 1822 and has been on its own ever since.
Favorable for Agriculture Brazil's climate, subsoil rich in minerals, and a skillfully built economy have made it the most developed among the Mercosur countries, and indeed throughout Latin America. The republic exports coffee, orange juice, sugar, soybeans, iron ore, niobium, steel, footwear, manufactures automobiles, aviation and computer equipment.
Climate of Brazil
The country has equatorial, subtropical and tropical natural zones. Although this is too rough division. In general, Brazil's climate can be described as hot and humid, with an average national temperature of 20°C. However, even within one natural area it varies greatly and varies from northwest to southeast.
In the area of the Amazonian lowland, conditions practically do not change throughout the year. Average temperatures fluctuate by a maximum of 2-3 degrees and stay at the level of 24-26 °C. Humidity in this region is extremely high (80-98%), and showers last 18 days a year, without stopping from season to season.
A similar type of climate covers the entire coast, but here it is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Rainfall is half that of the Amazon, and temperatures range from 18 to 26 °C. On the southeastern coast, precipitation intensifies by summer, on the northeastern coast - by autumn and winter.
On the Brazilian and Guiana plateaus, along the outskirts of the Amazonian lowland, the climate varies by season. Winters are usually dry and relatively cool. Summer, on the contrary, is humid and warm. The dry season lasts for about 5 months a year with extremely little rainfall.
Most arid place in Brazil, it is the extreme northeast. Here, average temperatures reach 27 ° C, rain falls irregularly and extremely rarely. In the high-altitude areas of the Atlantic Plateau, the climate of Brazil is also not easy. It usually rains in the summer. The temperature rises to a maximum of 22 °C. In winter, there are even frosts.
Relief
The relief of Brazil is uneven and is represented by alternating hills, mountains and valleys. The lowlands are located in the northwest of the country. It covers the Amazon Valley and covers an area of 1.8 km2.
To the northeast, the lowland passes into the Guiana Highlands. In the south, east and in the center is the Brazilian Plateau. Its heights increase to the east and range from 500 to 2000 meters. The highest point, Mount Bandeira, reaches 2897 meters.
The Atlantic Plain stretches along the coast. Near the ocean, it is represented by swamps, sandy beaches and lagoons. To the southwest is the vast Pantanal, a floodplain that is used as pasture.
The biggest river
The territory where Brazil is located is covered by dense river system. Most of the country belongs to the Amazon Basin, stretching across four more countries. This is the most deep river with the world's largest swimming pool.
The Amazon stretches for almost 7,000 km and, together with all its tributaries, covers
7,180,000 km². Its regime is influenced by ocean tidal waves. Periodically, the river overflows its banks, flooding the valley within 90 km.
Northern and southern tributaries rivers are located in different hemispheres, which is reflected in its full flow. When the floods end on one side, they begin on the other. The yellow and muddy Amazon annually replenishes the World Ocean with 7 thousand cubic meters of water. Its flow is 15% of the total flow of all the rivers of the planet.
From wet forests to desert cacti
Brazil's vegetation is as diverse as its climate and topography. In the Amazonian lowlands grow wet equatorial forests selva, represented by ferns, mosses, lianas, orchids, cocoa, tallest trees with a crown branching only at the top. The largest water lilies in the world are also found here.
In the extreme northeast, where there is too little rainfall, there are only low shrubs and cacti. Mangrove trees grow in the mouths of the rivers along the coast. The Brazilian highlands are covered with tropical and subtropical species that shed their leaves during a drought.
In addition, there are savannas, prairies, araucaria and gallery forests in the country. More than 100 species of palms grow on its territory, 400 valuable breeds trees, cereals, reeds, sedges, all kinds of herbs and flowers.
Animal world
Brazil occupies one of the first places in terms of the number of amphibians, birds and reptiles living on its lands. There are many exotic and rare species. But due to human activities, most of them are on the verge of extinction.
In the waters of the Amazon River, piranhas are found that can eat a large animal in just a few minutes. This is where many come from. aquarium species fish, such as angelfish, guppies, swordtails. In the Amazonian jungle you can find caimans, tapirs, cougars, leopards, saimir and guariba monkeys.
Brazil is home to the world's smallest rodent, the capybara, about a meter in size. Also, there is an anaconda snake, or a water boa, which may well swallow a caiman or a whole boar.
