Living, non-living and made by human hands. Summary of GCD on the natural world “What is nature? Living and inanimate nature

All nature is colorful, unique and functions according to an algorithm unknown to any living soul on Earth. This generates a huge mystery, which many cannot unravel to this day.

To understand the differences between living nature and nonliving nature, you need to know what exactly refers to living nature, how the life cycle of organisms proceeds, and what the significance of all this is in the biorhythms of the entire planet.

What is living nature?

Nature is the environment that emerged and is in development without human intervention. Living beings and non-living bodies coexist organically in it.

Living objects include:

Human;
animals;
birds;
fish;
plants;
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi - survive in any conditions).

It is important to note that the bodies of the inanimate environment have a primary meaning, because all life exists thanks to the gifts of the inanimate environment.

Signs

To understand what creatures are part of the living and nonliving environment, you need to know their essence and distinctive features.

All living things living on the planet:

is born;
breathes;
grows and develops;
able to respond to environmental influences;
eats;
reproduces;
getting old;
dies.

Nature has endowed all living things with respiratory organs: in humans and animals these are lungs, in fish - gills, in plants - cells that absorb carbon dioxide.

For nutrition, plants need water and soil fertilizers, animals eat grass, insects, and some other animals, humans need a varied diet.

All living things move: a person moves with his legs, animals walk on their paws, and plants and flowers turn towards the sun.

An important factor for the normal functioning of all types of objects is comfortable conditions a habitat. For each individual, certain climate features are important. For example, individuals tropical forests will not be able to survive in arctic belt Earth, since they need warmth for a comfortable existence.

Difference from inanimate nature

Living matter, as defined by V.I. Vernadsky, is a set of organisms that participate in various biochemical processes, regardless of their systematic affiliation. For life cycle they form complex chemical elements, and after death they return to the bosom of nature, feeding it.

Distinctive features and diagram of living and inanimate nature:

Live	Inanimate
consists of cells	consists of atoms and molecules
consists of macromolecular organic compounds - biopolymers (protein and nucleic acids: RNA and DNA)	consists of elementary particles of an atom
reproduces independently	propagated artificially in laboratories
ability to physiological development, adapt to changes in the environment	physiological development is impossible
can mutate	incapable of mutation

According to its functions inanimate objects completely opposite to all living things. They lack the capacity for birth, growth, nutrition, reproduction, aging and death.

Examples of non-living environment objects:

Sun;
air;
snow;
rain;
wind;
the soil;
water;
stones;
wind;
space objects;
sand.

Some bodies of inanimate nature are endowed with living functions, which is reflected in the process of the beginning and end of their life cycle.

Processes reflecting the signs of vital activity of living beings:

birth;
height;
destruction (death).

Bodies in which these processes are observed include crystals, icebergs, volcanoes, big rivers, which arose from glacial rocks.

Objects of the inanimate environment are distinguished by the following features:

slight variability;
steady state;
lack of ability to breathe and eat;
absence of the reproduction process (once they appear, then they do not disappear, but under the influence of natural conditions they can be destroyed or transformed);
inertia (impossibility of movement);
lack of opportunity to grow (physiologically).

Classification

According to scientific research in the field of biology, all living organisms are divided into kingdoms, phyla, classes and species.

Types include:

cellular (cells);
non-cellular (viruses).

The classification of living beings is studied by the scientific branch - taxonomy.

It includes:

Bacteria (prokaryotes). Microscopic and single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus and organelles. This also includes primitive unicellular algae - cyanea, as well as archaea that love extreme sports. Archaea live in hot springs, salty waters of Dead seas, in the intestines of animals and soil. Bacteria live everywhere - on earth's surface, as well as on mountain tops.
Protists (eukaryotes). These are microorganisms with a nucleus in their cells. This structure of the body is characteristic of diatom algae, peridine algae, euglenophytes and other flagellated algae. The most famous of the protists are unicellular diatoms with 10 thousand species, as well as euglena with 60 species, living in freshwater bodies.
Mushrooms. They are divided into three categories - cap yeast, yeast and mucor. In terms of their composition, mushroom compounds are rich in protein composition and are in the middle between flora and fauna. They include spore organisms and mold. There are edible and poisonous.
Plants. Multicellular organisms that are not capable of movement. The basis of plant cells is cellulose, and inner part contains a nucleus and cytoplasm with organelles. The presence of chloroplast helps the plant world, using the energy of the sun, to convert inorganic substances into organic ones (photosynthesis). Plant objects produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
Animals. These are all organisms that feed on ready-made organic compounds (plants or other animals, as well as their remains). These are single-celled living creatures (amoeba, slipper ciliates), huge mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and also insects. Thanks to the availability musculoskeletal system The animal's body is capable of movement. The work of the entire body is regulated by internal organs.

The human body belongs to the animal kingdom.

The natural environment is endowed with a large arsenal of inanimate objects. All subjects and concepts related to them are actively researched in the fields of chemistry, astronomy, physics, biology, geology, hydrography, biology, zoology, botany and many other scientific fields. Philosophy studies the relationships and harmony of all components with the human essence.

Classification of nonliving bodies includes:

hard;
liquid;
gaseous.

Solids are distinguished by their stable structure and the absence of the need to breathe, eat and grow.

Solids include:

rocks;
minerals;
space objects;
glaciers;
icebergs;
Sun;
moon;
hail and snow;
sand and crystal;
stones and gold.

Liquid bodies are distinguished by the absence of a clear shape, the presence of a fluid state and the absence common features with wildlife.

They include:

rain;
dew;
fog;
clouds;
streams;
rivers;
volcanic lavas.

No less important role Gaseous bodies play a role in the normal functioning of the planet.

They include:

gases;
air masses;
water vapor;
stars.

The largest object consisting of gas particles is the atmosphere of planet Earth. Changes may occur under the influence of environmental conditions.

Life cycle

Unlike non-living things, the activity of an individual’s body is regulated by certain biorhythms. Violation of the active functioning of the body leads to poor metabolism, as a result of which the object first gets sick and then dies.

The life cycle of all living individuals proceeds the same way:

Birth, growth and development. The bone gradually turns into a tree, Small child grows into an adult.
Reproduction. Everything gives birth to similar creatures.
Death- this is the end of the life cycle. The causes of death may be illness, old age or murder. Death characterizes the cessation of all body functions, as a result of which a living organism ceases to breathe, move, eat and drink.

After death, the body decomposes into chemical elements, which become fertilizer for the soil, and the living individual gradually becomes an object of inanimate nature.

Meaning

All inanimate objects have primary significance, since they appeared earlier. It is also important that without inanimate objects the existence of life will be impossible. Thus, all types of nature have a close relationship with each other.

Four important nonliving objects play an important role in all life on the planet:

Sun. Without sun rays nothing will be able to grow and mature, therefore no living organism will be able to exist.
Air. All living organisms need air. If massive air pollution occurs on the planet or the ozone layer is completely destroyed, all living things will die.
Water. Without water there will also be no life. The human body will not be able to survive, animals will die, plants will dry out, and for fish this is generally the main habitat.
The soil. This is the main environment for the growth of plants, vegetables and fruits, grains, everything that is necessary for nutrition.

For their part, all living individuals have an equally important influence on inanimate bodies and phenomena. The inhabitants of reservoirs, rivers, seas, and oceans help maintain chemical composition water. Plants and animals after death, rotting, feed the soil with microelements.

Everything in the world is closely interconnected, so it is necessary to preserve and protect the environment around us and rationally use its gifts. When humanity lives in harmony with nature, then it will thank it a hundredfold with clean air, organically natural products, and, as a result, good health.

Video

From the video you can learn more about the structure and properties of living organisms, their connection with inanimate nature.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. When we use the word nature, we often mean completely different things, because the concept is very broad.

Today we will try to look at this from different angles.

Let's define what nature is, what it is like, why it is formed and how it coexists. natural communities(), what types of natural phenomena exist and much more.

The word “nature” belongs to the Old Russian language and consists of two parts - the prefix “pri” and the root “genus”.

Mention is made of a deity named Rod, who personified the unity of people belonging to the same clan. It was this god who created such words as birth, childbirth, woman in labor, newborn, etc.

Also, nature in colloquial language often means natural environment a habitat. For example: birds living in natural conditions, live longer than their relatives tamed by humans.

Children begin to study nature (find out what it is) in the elementary grades of school during the lesson “ The world" A synonym for the term “nature” is the word “ nature».

It follows that nature is everything that exists in itself, naturally, which has not been touched by a human hand. This is the external, material world, in front of which a person is powerless, but can still influence it.

For example, people are unable to control rainfall, earthquakes, wind, etc. But they can easily plant trees, creating entire parks, or, conversely, destroy an entire forest.

To simplify the definition completely, nature is natural shell of the earth(that, ), including:

bodies of water (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers);
vegetation (flora);
animal world(fauna);
mountains, rocks, caves, sand, earth, deserts;
weather and climate.

By the way, man himself is also part of nature. But what he invented and created is no longer there.

For example, a house built from wood is not natural object, although it consists of natural material.

The study of the natural world is carried out by many sciences, which are called natural: physics, chemistry, astronomy, biology and others.

Living and inanimate nature

The material world of the Universe can be divided into two groups:

Objects of inanimate nature can be in three states:

gas - air, evaporation;
liquid – precipitation, clouds, fog;
firmament - stones, glaciers, sand, mountains.

Such objects can change shape or size, but not independently, but under the influence of external factors. For example, water due to low temperatures will turn into ice, in extreme heat it will become evaporation. Winds and precipitation carry stones, wash them into sand, and create hills.

Living and inanimate nature are closely interconnected: one cannot exist without the other. Without living beings, our planet would look gray and lifeless. At the same time, living beings need sun, air, and water.

What is a natural community

By interacting, objects of living and inanimate nature form natural communities.

Each participant influences others and experiences their influence on himself at the same time. Their coexistence interconnected and beneficial for everyone.

Community members are adapted to its conditions and will not be able to live. In their environment they have every opportunity for a full existence. For example, Marine life will not survive in fresh water, and forest animals will not be able to live in the desert.

Each such system exists independently and does not require human help. On the contrary, human intervention only destroys these natural worlds.

What is an ecosystem

The totality of a natural community and habitat is called an ecosystem - translated from Greek house + association (biogeocenosis).

Example: different inhabitants live in a swamp: animals, insects, microorganisms, plants. Snakes eat frogs, frogs eat insects that breed in the thickets of plants in this place.

They all need water with a certain chemical composition, temperature, physical characteristics, etc. Remove at least one element from this chain, the rest will definitely feel it.

The sum of ecosystems is the living shell of the earth - biosphere.

Living and inanimate nature in an ecosystem are in the process of constant exchange of substances and energy. The stronger these connections, the more stable the system, and the longer it exists. The last factor suggests rich variety types of inhabitants.

And even if one of them disappears for some reason, then another, close in origin, can take its place, which will ensure safety of the entire biogeocenosis.

If large-scale changes in conditions occur in the system, then natural communities are replaced by others. For example, if you stop cultivating fields, cultivating them, and harvesting crops, then after a while trees will begin to grow in this place.

Natural phenomena

Also called natural phenomena. For example, in the spring leaves grow on trees, and in the fall they fall off. After the rain, a rainbow appears in the sky and mushrooms grow. In winter it snows, together with the wind forming a blizzard or blizzard.

All this and much more are natural phenomena, the totality of which divided into classes:

by origin (climatic, cosmic, geological, biogeochemical, geomorphological) - tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, precipitation, lightning, solar and moon eclipse etc.;
by duration (instant, short-term, long-term) - volcanic eruption, icicles, drying out of a river bed, etc.;
by regularity of action (daily and seasonal) - sunrise, bud opening;
by scale of distribution;
by the nature of the impact (favorable, unfavorable). For example, natural phenomena can be very destructive - floods, tornadoes, etc.

Unusual natural phenomena

We are all used to rain or high tide at sea. But there are unusual phenomena, which cause surprise, fear and awe:

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

Concepts of living and inanimate nature

By nature we mean surrounding a person Wednesday, which originated and develops without the participation of people. In it there is a mutual coexistence of living and inanimate objects. Living creatures are capable of breathing, growing, eating and reproducing, while inanimate objects do not have such characteristics and practically do not change.

Natural components are objects that are created by nature, not by man. Living nature includes people, animals, birds, insects, plants, microbes and everything that grows, moves, eats, develops, breathes and lives. And everything else is considered inanimate nature.

If you go out of town and find yourself in a place where there are no buildings or human inventions, everyone can notice that it is surrounded by many objects of inanimate nature. To the side you can see a flowing stream, and in the distance - the peaks of high mountains. Looking up, you can see clouds floating across the sky and the gently warming sun.

This nature is primary, since it was in it that the origin of life on Earth took place. All living things use the gifts of the inanimate environment and exist at its expense, and after death they become part of it. Felled tree trunks, fallen leaves, dead animals - all these are objects of inanimate nature.

When considering a topic, questions often arise about what objects such as bricks, glass, cars, telephones, houses belong to. Everything that is created by human hands is artificial objects.

Signs and features of objects

When comparing non-living organisms with living ones, we can immediately say that they are not able to breathe, eat, grow, reproduce and die. For example, mountains that appear once will always have their peaks directed towards the sky. Or planets with stars that arose billions of years ago and lined up in certain systems still exist to this day.

Objects in this sphere can be recognized by the following distinctive features:

Classification

All over the world there is big number inanimate objects. A huge variety of objects is studied by specialists in chemistry, physics, geology, hydrography, astrology and other sciences.

The main classification of objects includes three main groups:

Objects of all three groups do not have the need for respiration, nutrition and reproduction, but many of them are vital for people, animals and plants.

Relationship with living organisms

Most inanimate objects play an important role in the life of living organisms. Live nature cannot exist without lifeless things, since they are completely interconnected. The most important objects in the inanimate environment are:

Objects of inanimate and living nature have a close connection with each other. People, animals and plants need air and sun. Plants can only live with soil, water, solar heat and light. And the presence of living objects in water - fish, animals and microorganisms - helps maintain its chemical composition. Having learned all these nuances, children will understand that it is necessary to preserve and protect their environment in order to live in harmony with the world.

Components of nature - earth, subsoil, soils, surface waters, The groundwater, atmospheric air, vegetable world, fauna and other organisms, as well as the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth space, which together provide favorable conditions for the existence of life on Earth.

Look around. Maybe you will see walls, windows, chairs, tables and other objects. Perhaps you will see some devices, cars or appliances. Maybe there will be other people, animals or plants nearby. Which of all this is alive? Most likely, one glance is enough for you to understand Living being or not. For example, the dog is alive, but the book is not.

However, how exactly do you know what is alive and what is not? The giant panda you see is just a picture, but one look at a real, non-painted panda is enough to understand that it is alive. And why?

All living things are called organisms. We recognize whether an organism is alive or not by its characteristic features.

Signs of a living organism:

The body grows and goes through certain stages in its development, usually changing shape and getting larger.
Life processes take place inside the body, during which some chemical substances turn into others.
To grow, the body needs nutrients and in the energy that supports life processes.
An organism reproduces, that is, it reproduces its own kind.

Representatives of wildlife: 1. Amoeba, 2. Ladybug, 3. Sequoia, 4. Dinosaur

Living beings are the most different forms and sizes. Some are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope, for example, an amoeba in a drop of water. Others such as ladybug, can be clearly seen through a simple magnifying glass. Plants such as sequoia reach colossal sizes. Animals like dinosaurs lived in prehistoric times and have long since disappeared from the face of the earth. We humans are also living beings.

Live nature

Live nature- a collection of living organisms. The main property of living nature is the ability to carry genetic information, reproduce and transmit hereditary characteristics to offspring. Wildlife is divided into five kingdoms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Wildlife is organized into ecosystems, which, in turn, make up the biosphere.

Inanimate nature

Inanimate nature presented in the form of matter and field, which have energy. It is organized into several levels: elementary particles, atoms, chemical elements, celestial bodies, stars, galaxy and universe. A substance can exist in one of several states of aggregation (for example, gas, liquid, solid, plasma).

There are millions of living organisms on Earth. Some of them are giants, such as blue whales and mahogany, while others are very tiny, such as insects and bacteria. They all need food and shelter, which they receive in natural conditions.

Nature is the entire world around us, living and inanimate objects pleasing to the eye. It has always attracted human attention, fascinated and surprised with its laws. Thanks to nature research, people have gained a lot of useful knowledge that they still use today. Humanity has made many discoveries related to natural phenomena. Conditional division shows that there is living and nonliving nature.

Living nature combines all the objects on the planet that develop, breathe, and grow. It includes plants, animals and people, numerous microorganisms living around. Wildlife brings to the world bright colors, making it more interesting and mysterious. It unites all living objects different types, genera and ecosystems inherent to certain territory at certain times and conditions.

Wildlife objects

The diversity of wildlife cannot be described in simple words, its objects include:

The main property of all living organisms can be considered the presence of life. Accurate definition there is no such term, but life can be represented as a collection of such natural processes, occurring in any organism, such as: metabolism, growth, instincts and reactions to the nature around.

The diversity of living organisms on the planet is amazing. Each species exists now only because it has passed natural selection in the process of evolution, was able to survive and adapt to aggressive environmental conditions. The history of the Earth shows that many cataclysms occurred, leading to the extinction of entire species, for example, dinosaurs. At the same time, not all reptiles became extinct - many adapted and changed.

Life can be found in every corner of the planet, but humanity is of greatest interest. People have learned to think, they have their own consciousness, but no one can still say with 100% certainty that they know everything about their body. The human body is a separate topic for study. Such a complex system requires thorough study, which is what millions of scientists around the world are doing.

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