What do sedentary birds eat? What is the difference between settled birds and wintering birds?

Birds are highly organized vertebrates. Individuals are quite common throughout the planet as a whole. This is due to their ability to make long flights or adapt to the conditions of a particular area. Most of distributed in forest belts. In terms of the number of species, this class is considered the most numerous of terrestrial vertebrates.

Distinctive features of animals

Birds have their characteristics. These animals belong to the class of feathered, oviparous animals. Their forelimbs are arranged in the form of wings. The body structure is adapted for flight, but at present there are quite a few species of flightless individuals. Another feature of birds is the presence of a beak. Its structure may indicate the type of food that the animal primarily eats.

Brief description of some types

Birds are found everywhere. Some of them are distributed mainly in populated areas, while others make seasonal flights over various distances. Sedentary birds include individuals that live in one place all year round. They do not make long migrations. As a rule, animals are adapted to living near humans. Many of them need feeding in winter. Grains or food waste- the main food they eat resident birds. Nomadic birds are individuals moving from one area to another. Flights are carried out, as a rule, in search of food.

Sedentary birds. Examples of species that inhabit predominantly forests

Animals leading such a lifestyle are distinguished by cunning and caution. They are able to warn each other of danger. Many of them live in flocks. One of the fairly common species are woodpeckers. These sedentary birds feed on seeds coniferous plants, are capable of processing several thousand cones per season. Woodpeckers are able to quickly and easily climb tree trunks, reaching for larvae and insects. Animals are very common in Yaroslavl region. About eight species live there. Nuthatches are sedentary birds that inhabit mixed forests, parks. You can also find them near human habitation. These animals are thrifty. Their food mainly consists of acorns, seeds coniferous trees and linden trees, pine nuts, Nuthatches have been stocking up on food since the fall.

Individuals that can be found near human habitation

The jay inhabits coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests. These sedentary birds are omnivores. Since autumn, the jay, like the nuthatch, stores food for itself - it hides acorns in the ground and cracks in trees. Inhabited mainly in the central zone of Russia, especially harsh winters The jay gets closer to the person's habitation. These birds attract attention with their rather bright colors, noisy and very active behavior. IN winter time live alone. Tits are common in various types forests They can also often be found in populated areas. In winter, up to 90% of individuals die. Tits need feeding during the cold season. Sunflower seeds, bread crumbs, and hemp are suitable for this. But most of all, tits love unsalted lard. The jackdaw is considered to be a fairly numerous species. These birds are quite common in central Russia. Individuals live in flocks, in winter they unite with crows and spend the night with them, huddled close to each other. Jackdaws are omnivores. Inhabiting the suburbs, they pick up food waste, thus playing the role of orderlies.

Large forest inhabitants

Some sedentary birds, whose names are quite well known, try not to approach human habitation. Wood grouse are considered one of the largest species. They live mainly in forest belts. They can be found in places where pine trees are present - at least occasionally - and there are many berry bushes. Almost the entire year, wood grouse lead a terrestrial-arboreal lifestyle. The capercaillie feeds mainly on plant foods. During the winter, it feeds on hard and prickly needles and pine buds. In almost all areas of central Russia you can find black grouse. These sedentary birds can form flocks or live alone. Males, as a rule, live on the tops of small trees. In winter, the main food for animals is catkins and birch buds. In the cold season, they usually unite in flocks and spend the night right in the snow. In a blizzard or blizzard, they do not come out of shelter.

The most common resident birds. Titles. Description

One of the species most adapted to life is the magpie. These sedentary birds are common both in forest belts and in populated areas. In winter, magpies live as close to human habitation as possible. They visit garbage containers, landfills, and other places where they look for food waste. Sparrows are very adapted to living near human habitation and outbuildings. The birds are small in size and have a short beak. They feed mainly on grain. Their nests can be seen in wall cracks, hollows, and birdhouses. Sometimes birds can hatch chicks three times during the summer. Sparrows are distributed throughout Russia. Crows are found in populated areas, most often in cities. These birds are quite easy to tame. Crows are omnivores: they destroy rodents, pick up fallen fruits and plant seeds. Nests are constructed from twigs. In cold weather, birds get as close as possible to human habitation and unite in flocks. In winter, food waste serves as food for them. Everyone known species- pigeon - common in populated areas. These animals have a unique ability to navigate in unfamiliar areas, find their way home, and overcome quite a long distance. Pigeons can be trained and very quickly get used to their place of residence.

Seasonal changes in life

From the end of winter to the beginning of spring, sedentary birds begin preparing for reproduction. They pay great attention to mating games and spend time forming pairs. During this period, they lose significant weight. Birds that have been wintering are preparing at this time to fly to their nesting sites. In this regard, they begin to eat intensively. From spring to the first days of summer, birds spend time building nests, incubating eggs, feeding offspring, and protecting nesting sites. Since more attention is paid to the nutrition of the chicks, the parents noticeably lose weight. From mid-summer to autumn, increased replenishment of energy resources begins. At the same time, migrating individuals accumulate strength to complete the flight. Animals feed heavily during this period, gaining weight. From autumn to winter, the energy accumulated in the previous season is spent to maintain optimal body temperature. At this time, birds also feed heavily and spend almost all their days searching for food.

Species that migrate

The above describes which birds are sedentary. Now we will talk about some species that migrate. In the central zone of the country, siskins are found in groves, parks and squares. Sometimes he can lead a sedentary lifestyle. It feeds on weeds, seeds of pine, spruce, birch, and alder. Together with tits and sparrows, siskins fly to feeders in cold weather. Another fairly frequent visitor is bullfinches. They are considered northern birds. In winter, individuals migrate towards the southern regions. Birds can often be found in populated areas. They feed on the seeds of lilac, ash, and maple trees. But most of all bullfinches love rowan. One of rare species, listed in the Red Book of the Yaroslavl region, is tap dancing. Occurs most often during winter migrations. Birds unite in small flocks. You can meet the mentioned birds in bushes and woodlands. Sometimes they also live in populated areas. The tap dancer feeds on whole seeds of alder cones, birch buds, seeds of sedges, heather and spruce. IN northern regions the waxwing lives. This bird species begins migrating in August, migrating to the southern regions. In winter, their food is hawthorn, viburnum, and rowan berries. Individuals unite in flocks, swooping down on berry bushes. Quickly pecking at the fruits, they fly to other trees.

Wonderful pictures with migratory and wintering birds. Which birds remain to spend the winter in their homeland, and which ones fly away?

Walking through a park or forest, we listen to birds singing and often simply don’t think about which bird trills so nicely. There are birds that live in our area all year round, but there are also those who fly to “warmer climes” in the fall.

The fact is that in winter it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, because insects, berries and grains become scarce, and when snow falls, it is almost impossible to find them at all. AND different types birds solve this problem in different ways: migratory birds fly hundreds and even thousands of kilometers to more warm countries, and sedentary ones adapt to our harsh winters.

A tit in the snow, which apparently wants to eat some seeds

Settled, wintering birds: list, photos with names

To help the birds that remain over the winter find food, feeders are hung. And it is quite possible that they will be of interest to the following visitors:

• Sparrow. Noisy sparrows that fly in flocks may well become the first visitors to the feeder.

• Tit. Tits are in many ways not inferior to sparrows; they quickly rush to feed in feeders. But compared to sparrows, tits are endowed with a more gentle disposition. Interestingly, in the summer the tit eats almost as much food as it weighs. You can often see mixed flocks of both sparrows and tits at feeders.

• Gaichka. A close relative of the tit. However, the chickadee's breast is not yellow, but light brown. The chickadee also differs from other tits in that it makes a hollow in a tree to make a nest in it.

Gaichka - special kind tits

• Crow. Ravens are often confused with rooks. It is known that in the western part of Russia crows are very rare. Therefore, if you live in the European part of Russia and see a black bird emitting a piercing croak, then most likely it is a rook.

• Pigeon. The distribution and lifestyle of pigeons was largely influenced by people who simply brought them with them to different parts of the Earth. Now pigeons are found on all continents except Antarctica. Pigeons easily change rocks, which are natural environment their habitats, on buildings created by man.

The nodding gait of pigeons is due to the fact that this makes it easier for them to examine the object of interest to them.

• Woodpecker. In the warm season, woodpeckers feed mainly on insects, which they get from under the bark of trees, and in the cold winter, they can also feed on plant foods: seeds and nuts.

• Magpie. The magpie is considered a bird of high intelligence; it is capable of expressing a lot of emotions, including sadness, and can recognize its reflection in the mirror. It is interesting that not only its fellow birds react to the alarming cry of a magpie, but also other birds, as well as wild animals, in particular bears and wolves.

Magpie - wintering bird

• Owl. Owls come in different varieties, large and small, and there are more than 200 species in total. These birds are endowed sharp vision and excellent hearing, which allows them to conduct night image life. It’s interesting that the tufts on an owl’s head are not ears; owls’ real ears are hidden in the feathers, and one of them is directed upward, and the other downward, in order to better hear what is happening above the head and on the ground.

Owl is a night bird

• This bird is also considered an owl and is a close relative of other owls.

• A rare owl that lives mainly in mountainous areas in northern latitudes. Name of the bird different versions means "inedible" or "insatiable."

• Jackdaw. Externally, jackdaws are similar to rooks and crows; moreover, there are mixed flocks in which all three species of birds can be seen. However, the jackdaw is smaller in size than the crow. And if you are lucky enough to observe a jackdaw up close, you can easily recognize it by the gray color of some of its feathers.

• Nuthatch. This little bird climbs tree trunks very deftly. In summer, nuthatches hide seeds and nuts in the bark, and in winter they feed on these supplies.

• Crossbill. Like the nuthatch, this bird is excellent at climbing trees and can hang upside down on branches. Crossbill's favorite food is seeds from spruce and pine cones. This bird is remarkable in that it can hatch chicks even in winter, but only if there is enough food.

• Bullfinch. Only males have bright red plumage on the chest; females look much more modest. Bullfinches are more often seen in winter, because due to lack of food, they are drawn to people. In summer, bullfinches prefer wooded areas and behave inconspicuously, so they are not easy to see.

• Waxwing. A bird with beautiful plumage and a singing voice. In summer it feeds mainly on insects and likes to settle in coniferous forests. In winter, the waxwing moves to more southern regions of the country and is often found in cities. In the cold season, rowan and other fruits become the main food for birds.

• Jay. Large bird, which, however, can fly to feed on a feeder hung by people. In the summer it is rarely seen in the city, but closer to winter the bird begins to reach out to human habitation.

• Kinglet. One of the smallest birds, the weight of an adult male is only 5-7 grams. Kinglets are relatives of sparrows.

Kinglet - forest dweller

• . A large bird that is a favorite trophy for many hunters. Pheasants can fly, but most often move on foot.

• Grouse. It is also an object of hunting, despite the fact that this bird is quite small. The weight of an adult hazel grouse rarely reaches 500 g. Interestingly, the most large population These birds live specifically in Russia.

The hazel grouse is a bird that is related to the black grouse

• Another bird that is related to hunting. Black grouse are found at the edge of the forest and in the forest-steppe.

• Falcon. It is considered one of the smartest birds on the planet and one of the best hunters. The falcon is capable of working in tandem with a person, but it is very difficult to tame it.

• . Like the falcon, it is a bird of prey. A hawk's vision is 8 times sharper than a human's. And rushing after prey, the hawk can reach speeds of up to 240 km/h.

Migratory and nomadic birds: list, photos with names

• Rooks differ from crows in having a gray-yellow beak. In Kuban and Ukraine, you can see how in the fall rooks gather in huge flocks, so large that the sky seems black from the birds soaring in it - these are rooks that fly south. However, rooks are classified as migratory birds only conditionally, some of them remain to winter in central Russia, some winter in Ukraine, and only some birds fly to the warm shores of Turkey for the winter.

• They really like to fly to freshly dug ground, sometimes they fly right behind a plowing tractor in order to have time to get as many worms and larvae as possible from the dug up ground.

• This inconspicuous bird with a singing voice loves warmth, and therefore flies south in the fall. And for wintering, our native nightingales chose hot Africa. These birds fly to the eastern part of the continent - Kenya and Ethiopia - for the winter. However, enjoy their singing local residents they can’t, because nightingales sing only in mating season, which takes place in their homeland.

• Martin. Swallows love rocky terrain; they often settle on the steep walls of quarries that people have dug. However, our winters are too harsh for swallows and therefore in the fall they fly to the southern part of Africa, far from us, or to Tropical Asia.

• Chizh. Like the rook, it is a migratory bird that arrives early and winters nearby: in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and southern Europe. Externally, siskins are inconspicuous, their gray-green feathers are absolutely not noticeable against the background of the branches. The bird's temperament matches its appearance: quiet and meek.

• Goldfinch. In Europe it is a wintering bird, however, in Russia goldfinches can only be seen in summer. By winter, goldfinches gather in flocks and go to lands with more warm climate. Goldfinches are close relatives of siskins.

The goldfinch is one of the most colorful birds

• A slender bird that runs quickly along the ground and shakes its tail with every step. Wagtails spend the winter in eastern Africa, southern Asia, and sometimes southern Europe.

• Quail. The only bird from the Galliformes order that is migratory. The weight of an adult quail is not so large and amounts to 80-150 g. In summer, quails can be found in fields sown with wheat and rye. Quails winter far beyond the borders of our homeland: in southern Africa and southern Asia, on the Hindustan Peninsula.

• Thrush. The song thrush, with its sweet trills, creates worthy competition for the nightingale. A appearance his, like that of the nightingale, is inconspicuous. In winter, blackbirds become Europeans: Italy, France and Spain are their second homeland.

• Lark. Larks return from warm countries very early; sometimes already in March you can hear their sonorous song, which becomes a harbinger of spring warmth. And larks spend the winter in Southern Europe.

• Gull. With the onset of cold weather, seagulls living on the coasts northern seas, migrate to the Black and Caspian Seas. But over the years, seagulls are increasingly drawn to people, and increasingly remain to spend the winter in cities.

• . Swifts winter in Africa, and fly to its equatorial part or even go to southern part mainland.

• Starlings really need birdhouses, since most often they breed their offspring in them. And our starlings go to Southern Europe and East Africa for the winter.

This bizarre black cloud is a flock of starlings returning home

• Finch. Finches from the western part of the country winter mainly in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, and finches that live near the Urals in the summer go to winter in Southern Kazakhstan and the southern regions of Asia.

Chaffinch - a noisy inhabitant of the forest

• Heron. It is quite difficult to determine where herons spend the winter; some of them travel huge distances to South Africa, some winter in the Crimea or the Kuban, and in the Stavropol Territory, herons sometimes even remain for the winter.

• Crane. These birds are monogamous, and once having chosen a partner, they remain faithful to him throughout their lives. Cranes settle in swampy areas. And their wintering places are as diverse as those of herons: Southern Europe, Africa and even China - in all these parts of the world you can find cranes that have flown from Russia to spend the winter.

• Stork. In Russia there are black and white storks. White storks build huge nests, up to one and a half meters wide, and make very long flights to the south. Sometimes they cross half the planet and reach South Africa, a country located in the very south of Africa.

• Swan. The swan is a bird that represents devotion and romance. Swans are waterfowl, so for wintering they choose places near water, often the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea.

• Duck. Wild ducks, as a rule, do not fly far in winter and remain in the vast expanses of post-Soviet states. It is noteworthy that their domestic relatives also begin to worry in the fall and sometimes try to fly away, sometimes they even fly over fences and fly short distances.

• . Cuckoos live in forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The vast majority of cuckoos fly to tropical and South Africa, less commonly, cuckoos winter in South Asia: in India and China.

• . A small bird with a singing voice and bright plumage that flies to the tropics for the winter.

• . They wake up at dawn and are among the first to start the morning song. This little songbird used to be called a robin. Robins fly to southern Europe for the winter, North Africa and to the Middle East, they are among the first to return home.

What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers

Slide 2

Slide 3: presentation of migratory birds

Why do migratory birds fly to warmer regions where they spend the winter, and why do they come back?

Winter is a harsh test for birds. And only those who can get food for themselves in harsh conditions remain to spend the winter.

What could be the ways for birds to survive in the cold season?

• Some birds store food for the winter in the summer. They hide plant seeds, nuts, acorns, caterpillars and larvae in grass and cracks in tree bark. Such birds include the nuthatch.
• Some birds are not afraid of people and live near residential buildings. In winter, they find food in feeders and garbage heaps.
• Some birds are predators and feed on rodents. There are birds of prey that can feed on hares, hunt fish, small birds and bats.

If a bird can find food for itself in winter, it means it does not need to go on a tedious and difficult flight to warmer climes in the fall.

It would seem that everything is simple, and the only reason for the seasonal migration of birds is the lack of food. But in reality there are more questions here than answers. For example, imagine that wild duck, which is a migratory bird, was provided with an artificially heated pond and sufficient food. Will she stay for the winter? Of course not. She will be called on a long journey by a strong feeling that is difficult to explain, called natural instinct.

It turns out that birds fly to warmer regions, as if out of habit, because their ancestors did this for hundreds and thousands of years.

Another question that requires an answer: why do birds return from warm countries every spring? Ornithological scientists have concluded that the beginning of the return flight is associated with the activation of sex hormones and the beginning of the breeding season. But why do birds fly thousands of kilometers and hatch their chicks exactly where they were born? Poets and romantic people say that birds, like people, are simply drawn to their homeland.

How do migratory birds know where to fly? A question to which to this day there is no clear answer. It has been experimentally proven that birds can navigate in completely unfamiliar terrain and in conditions of limited visibility, when neither the sun nor the stars are visible. They have an organ that allows them to navigate magnetic field Earth.

But the mystery remains how young individuals, who have never flown to warm regions before, find their own wintering place, and how do they know the route to fly? It turns out that in birds, at the genetic level, information about the point on the map where you need to fly is recorded and, moreover, a route to it is drawn.

Do migratory birds build nests in the south?

Birds wintering in warm regions do not lay eggs or hatch chicks, which means they do not need a nest. Only chicks that migratory birds will hatch in their homeland need a nest.

Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring?

They arrive first in the spring rooks. These birds are returning to their homeland in early spring when the first thawed patches appear in the snow. With their strong beaks, rooks dig out larvae in such thawed areas, which form the basis of their diet.

The last to arrive are the birds, which feed on flying insects. These are swallows, swifts, and orioles. The diet of these birds consists of:

• Komarov
• Moshek
• Horseflies
• Zhukov
• Cicadas
• Butterflies

Because for the appearance large quantity adult flying insects from larvae are needed warm weather and about two weeks of time, then the birds that feed on them fly to their homeland after the mass appearance of these insects.

Which birds are the first and last to fly away in the fall?

With the onset of autumn cold weather, insects complete their active life cycle and go into hibernation. Therefore, the birds that feed on insects are the first to fly to warmer climes. Then the birds fly away and feed on the plants. Waterfowl are the last to fly away. There is enough food in the water for them even in autumn. And they fly away before the water in reservoirs begins to freeze.

VIDEO: Birds fly south

What flock of migratory birds promises snow?

By folk signs, if a flock of wild ones flew south geese— you need to wait for the first snow to fall. This sign may not coincide with real weather events. So in the north of Russia, geese fly to warmer climes in mid-September, and snow can fall much earlier. Let's say the first snow in Norilsk this year fell on August 25th. In the south, geese fly to warmer climes at the end of October, and sometimes even at the beginning of November. The first snow in these areas may occur around this time. But it all depends weather conditions autumn. Indian summer here can last throughout October.

VIDEO: Geese gather in flocks to fly south

Which bird from the order Galliformes is migratory?

A migratory bird from the order Galliformes is quail. The quail's habitat extends beyond Russia in the west and south. In the east these birds live up to west coast Lake Baikal. They are widespread in Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

For the winter they fly south. And they winter in Hindustan, Northern Africa and South-West Asia.

VIDEO: How do migratory birds fly?

All birds lead different lifestyles. The main characteristic by which they are divided into several species is migration. Scientists name 3 species: sedentary birds - live in the same territory, migratory birds - fly to warmer regions when it gets cold, nomadic birds - move from place to place depending on the amount of provisions. We will focus on the latter.

Let's figure it out!

So, which birds are nomadic? These birds, regardless of the egg-laying season, constantly fly from one place to another in search of food.

Birds fly short distances and take different routes each time. The time between flights depends entirely on the amount of food in the new place.

Good to know

Thanks to its characteristic biological feature nomadic birds populate all forests, and they are also the first inhabitants of new plantations. They consider the area where they breed to be their homeland. From year to year they try to return to continue their offspring to the place where they hatched and grew up. Nomadic birds do not correspond to the well-known phrase: “The bird will build its nest wherever it wants.”

Such adherence to principles in nesting is very appropriate for forest rangers. After all, they are terribly gluttonous and are in constant search new food. Thus, the number of pests that are in the forest where they live is reduced. In addition to protecting the forest, nomadic birds take care of the harvest Agriculture. In winter, they eat weeds and their seeds in the fields.

Nomadic birds. List:

Birds flying to warmer climes

With the onset of autumn, we see flocks in the sky that fly away to warmer climes for the winter. These are migratory birds; every year they leave their nests, but with the onset of spring they return to them again. Their number is one third of the total number of all birds.

As for the specific answer to the question of which birds are migratory, we can name the following: swallow, thrush, duck, crane, lapwing, oriole, finch and others. Frost-resistant ones remain for the winter: crow, pigeon, sparrow, tit. The reason for their migrations is quite simple - due to cold weather, the amount of food decreases sharply, and the birds are at risk of extinction. If they want to survive, they fly south to winter. Despite the long and difficult flight, instinct tells them that more of them will survive this way than after cold winter.

Important Note

Flight times are always different and are regulated by the weather. The direction and air temperature are taken into account more. Birds flying to warmer climes are well oriented by the stars and the sun, so they fly with ease.

Most of them return after winter to their original place to their nest. This was proven by scientists who banded birds and observed them for several years.

A little conclusion

It is very interesting to watch the flights of birds, because their bodies exhibit unique properties. Migratory and nomadic birds show their endurance during flights, and their internal organs work to the maximum. Now you know how various birds behave in different time year, and what is the purpose of their flights.

Birds that stick to a certain small territory and do not move outside of it are called sedentary. The vast majority of species of such birds live in conditions where seasonal changes do not affect the availability of food - tropical and subtropical climates.

There are few such birds in the temperate and northern zones; These in particular include synanthropes - birds that live near humans and depend on them: the rock pigeon, house sparrow, hoodie, jackdaw and some others. Some sedentary birds, which are also called semi-sedentary, move short distances from their nesting grounds outside the breeding season - on the territory of the Russian Federation, such birds include wood grouse, hazel grouse, black grouse, some magpies and the common bunting.

Some widespread bird species are migratory in some places and sedentary in others. The gray crow from the northern regions of Russia flies to the southern regions for the winter, and in the south this bird is sedentary. Our blackbird is a migratory bird, but in cities Western Europe- sedentary. The house sparrow lives in the European part of Russia all year round, and flies from Central Asia to India for the winter.

Strictly sedentary, monogamous birds (Owl family): Eagle owl (Bubo bubo L.), Snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca L.), Long-eared owl (Asio otus L.), Gray owl (Strix aluco L.), Great owl (Strix uralensis L.), Great Gray Owl(Strix nebulosa L.), Great owl (Glaucidium passerinum L.), Great owl (Aegolius funereus L.), Little owl (Athene noctua Scop).

The transitional group between sedentary and migratory birds are nomadic birds. In winter, they can sometimes move away from the nest to a distance of hundreds or more kilometers. These include all granivorous songbirds - the goldfinch, the common greenfinch, and the linnet.

Sedentary birds live in the same area all year round. At the end of summer, some of them make small reserves for the winter. Jays hide nuts and acorns in holes and moss on the surface of the ground or in hollows. Tits and nuthatches store seeds and insects by tucking them into bark cracks and among lichens on tree branches. They feed on reserves in winter and spring, when food is scarce.

End of winter - beginning of spring

Resident birds begin to prepare for breeding. They spend a lot of time on mating games, formation of pairs, etc. (which causes increased energy expenditure). Less time is left for food.
At this time, they noticeably lose weight. Wintering birds, on the contrary, are preparing at this time for migration to nesting sites, and therefore feed heavily. This causes the accumulation of energy resources (fat) in their body and, as a result, their weight increases.

Spring - early summer

Birds spend the bulk of their time building nests, protecting the nesting site, incubating eggs and feeding chicks, which requires significant expenditure of energy. Naturally, all the attention of the parent birds is absorbed by these concerns and they devote little time to their own nutrition, which is why they lose a lot of weight (in general, they do not need energy reserves in the form of subcutaneous fat, which are minimal at this time).

Midsummer - autumn

The increased need of birds for food, associated with the need to restore energy resources expended during the breeding season (and for migrating birds to accumulate energy reserves for migration), coincides with the abundance of food at this time. Birds feed intensely, and their weight increases rapidly (as a result of the accumulation of fat reserves in the body).

The existing exception confirms the rule. In crossbills, the minimum mass occurs precisely at the end of summer, which is due to the almost complete absence of their main food during this period - spruce and pine seeds.

Little owl Photo: Peter Trimming

Autumn winter

During this period, the birds’ bodies experience an increased expenditure of energy spent on maintaining a certain body temperature (carried out in winter cold conditions), which causes increased nutrition. Therefore, birds spend almost the entire daylight hours searching for food (they have no other more important concerns at this time).
Birds' body weight increases sharply during this period, which is a necessary condition for withstanding low temperatures - the thicker the layer of fat under the skin, the warmer the bird is. But the main thing is that energy reserves are necessary to guarantee the maintenance of a constant and high (about 42°C) body temperature on a long winter night.



We live next to little feathered neighbors who decorate and enrich our lives with their sonorous, unforgettable singing and sometimes unusual plumage colors. We can see small winged creatures in gardens, parks, forest areas and even outside the windows of their apartments all year round. Many birds leave their homes and, with the onset of cold weather, fly to warm places a habitat. But, some birds remain for the winter and cope well with the harsh frosty winters of our latitudes. Which birds stay in their native lands and how they cope with the cold - we’ll tell you about it.

Birds living on certain territory throughout their lives are called sedentary. “Settling down” and permanently living within the same habitat, building nests, feeding chicks, and feeding on available food is typical for sedentary birds. These birds do not fly south with the onset of cold weather; they are able to get food even in harsh snowy conditions.

Wintering birds are well adapted to frost due to the deposition of a fatty layer. In cold, windy weather, birds fluff up their feathers to keep warm. Most often, birds suffer not from severe winter frosts, but from lack of nutrition. During snowy winters, it is especially difficult for birds to feed themselves. Therefore, birds settle near human habitation. This makes it easier for them to find food and survive.

Resident birds list with names

It seems to us that almost all birds migrate to warmer climes during the cold winter. In fact, many birds do not leave their place of residence and spend the winter in their homes. Let us list the most common birds leading sedentary image life. We often see these birds in city parks, squares, and forests near country houses. In winter, wintering birds come closer to human dwellings in search of food.

• Pigeons
• tits
• Sparrows
• Bullfinches
• Magpies
• Jackdaws
• Crows
• Grouse
• Capercaillie
• Grosbeaks
• Grouse
• Woodpeckers
• Owls
• Nuthatches
• dippers
• Crossbills
• Goldfinches
• pikas
• Waxwings
• Siskins and other birds

Sedentary birds photos with names

Let's talk about the most common birds that are not afraid of cold weather and winter in our area. Let's start the review with the restless and noisy sparrows.

House sparrows They live near human habitation, which is why they got their name. In summer, sparrows appear as nondescript gray-brown chirping birds. Only in winter in the background white snow you can see the true beauty of the birds. The males especially stand out with a black bib on their chest and a “mask” around the eyes.

Pugnacious little creatures group into flocks for winter. This makes it easier for the birds to feed themselves. When it comes to food, sparrows are not picky - they can eat anything: edible waste near garbage cans, seeds, sunflower seeds, wintering insects in the bark of trees, dry fruits and berries.

Great tit often found on tree branches in cities and rural areas. This is the largest of all tit species. A beautiful elegant bird with olive-yellow plumage and white “cheeks”. The tit's head is decorated with a black cap, and a vertical stripe of black feathers runs along its chest.

The “intelligent” bird carefully clears each seed from the shell with its beak, carefully looking around. After feeding, the bird cleans its beak on a branch and flies for the next seed. Having found food, tits notify their relatives and soon the entire flock of tits flocks to the “tasty” place.

blue tit- decoration of our forests. Tit small sizes with bluish-yellow feathers and a charming blue crown on the head. The dark blue eyeliner stands out brightly near the beak and converges at the back of the head. The blue tit is an excellent songster; its trills cover 5-15 transitions.

Other species of tits also winter in our latitudes. Most often you can find Muscovy tits, tits,tufted tits. Birds love to feast on sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, plant seeds, nuts, and unsalted lard.

Moskovka or black tit lives in coniferous forest, and closer to winter it moves closer to people.

Titmouse or blackheaded nuts in winter, it forms flocks with Muscovites, pikas, and blue tits to feed together.

Tufted tits or grenadiers They have a flirtatious tuft on their heads that is always raised. By winter, it gathers in mixed flocks with small birds for winter survival and is located closer to populated areas.

Nuthatches- nimble small birds that choose small hollows for housing. The females “adjust” the size of the hole in the hollow to the required dimensions, covering the excess space with clay. Agile birds quickly scurry up and down tree trunks, even upside down, in search of food, as if they were “crawling” - hence the bird’s name.

dippers or water sparrows feel good near ice-free bodies of water. Small fish, crustaceans, insects and their larvae in coastal pebbles are the main food for birds. The snow-white breast that adorns the small bird is filled with fat and is not moistened with water. The dipper is an excellent swimmer and diver. The bird can stay underwater for almost a full minute, running along underwater rocks for a distance of up to 20 m.

Bullfinches- bright and prominent pichugas that stand out against the background of the snow cover. Male bullfinches have a bright red chest, females are more modestly colored. Rowan berries are a favorite delicacy for birds, so birds can often be seen on rowan branches.

Waxwings- beautiful wintering birds with silky plumage. The feathers are painted in a delicate brown color interspersed with red, yellow, black and white shades. In the summer, birds feed on insects, and with the arrival of cold weather and snowfalls, they switch to the berries of rowan, hawthorn, viburnum, chokeberry, which hang on the bushes in winter. Many summer residents deliberately leave some of the berries on the bushes to feed the birds in difficult times.

jays- cautious birds with bright blue splashes on their wings. “Shining” bird, this is how the name of the bird is translated from the Old Russian language. In warm weather, jays hide in dense foliage large trees where they find a lot of food. In winter, you can see jays within the city, where they move from the forest zone in search of feeding. The bird has the unique ability to imitate other birds and even imitate the “knock” of an ax.

Gray crows ubiquitous in urban and rural areas. Closer to winter, they group into mixed flocks of corvids to obtain food and survive in winter. They move widely on the ground, spreading their legs; in a hurry, sensing danger, they begin to “jump.”

Crows are omnivorous birds: insects, small vertebrates, chicks and eggs in the nests of other birds, berries, seeds, plant fruits - everything is suitable for a picky bird. Crows are excellent natural “orderlies”, eating garbage and all kinds of carrion.

Jackdaws- numerous wintering birds living in small groups or large flocks with other birds. In winter, they mainly feed on food waste in landfills or from garbage containers. They spend the night in the branches of large trees. Jackdaws have long lived next to humans. Birds are easily tamed and very sociable. Birds are known to have a craving for shiny things.

Pileated woodpeckers with the help of a strong beak they look for insects, larvae and hidden lumps in the bark of trees. Birds have elegant plumage. The red nape and bright underwings adorn the tireless forest “orderly” worker. The white horizontal stripes on the black wings give the bird a special charm. Woodpeckers move little and cover short distances. In their territory, birds create a strong knocking sound on tree trunks, announcing their presence.

Resident birds in autumn and winter

Resident birds in summer and autumn time live comfortably in their specific territory. As a rule, birds settle in their old nests. And if for some reason they collapse, tireless workers build new nests for breeding. In summer and autumn there is still enough food to feed themselves and many birds stock up on food for the winter.

With the onset of cold weather, it becomes increasingly difficult for birds to find food. Therefore, many birds migrate for the winter closer to human habitation from nearby forests. Here you can meet crow, jackdaw, sparrows, bullfinches, tits on the branches of park trees near residential areas. Increasingly, people are setting up artificial feeding stations for birds on balconies, on trees near houses and in city parks.

Here, hungry birds can enjoy bread crumbs, seeds, nuts, and cereals to their heart's content, and tits can enjoy unsalted lard.

IMPORTANT: When setting up a bird feeder, you should regularly add bird food. Birds very quickly get used to feeding places, so in bad weather they rush to these places to get food. It is necessary to ensure that there is always food in the bird feeder.

Which birds are sedentary and which are migratory?

Sedentary or wintering birds stay in their native lands during the winter. They are not afraid of cold weather and can get food for themselves even in frosty conditions, flying up to places where people live.

Migratory birds During winter they fly to countries with warm climates. Many birds cannot provide themselves with food in winter. These are mainly insectivorous birds, feeding on flying insects, larvae, caterpillars, fruits and berries of plants.

Therefore, already in September, they are forced to leave their nests and migrate to countries with living conditions similar to those in their homeland. With the advent of spring and warm days, they return to their former nesting sites. Migratory birds include:

• Wagtails
• Rooks
• Starlings
• Geese
• Swallows
• Swans
• Larks
• Blackbirds many other birds

Nomadic birds- an intermediate link between wintering and migratory birds. These birds are able to fly short distances in search of food and resting places. Bullfinches, woodpeckers, waxwings, tits can migrate to another territory within 10-1000 km if there is a threat to their existence and there is no available food.

What is the difference between settled birds and wintering birds?

Wintering or sedentary birds live in a certain territory and do not migrate south with the onset of winter. In places of permanent habitat, such birds settle for their entire lives (hence the name of the birds - sedentary), build nests, and raise young offspring.

Birds can get food even in cold weather, so they stay for the winter (wintering birds - this is also what sedentary birds are called). In severe snowy frosts, birds can move short distances in search of food. Most often, sedentary birds settle near human habitation, where they receive enough food to survive the cold times.

Sedentary birds of the middle zone, list

Russian ornithologists constantly update lists of sedentary birds that live in the middle part of Russian Federation. In conditions global warming, this list is replenished with birds that migrate closer to human settlements as cold weather approaches.

Increasingly, waterfowl remain for the winter near non-freezing or partially freezing bodies of water within urban areas. Here is a list of the most common resident birds of central Russia, which can be found in different habitats from March to December

waterfowl

• Mallard
• black-headed gull
• Little gull

predator birds

• Rough-footed Buzzard
• Goshawk
• Merlin
• Owl
• White Owl
• Sparrow Owl
• Great-tailed owl

forest birds

• Grouse
• Capercaillie
• Grouse
• Ptarmigan
• Gray partridge

• Kedrovka
• Jay
• Bunochka
• Common Grosbeak
• Common bullfinch
• White-winged Crossbill
• Pine Crossbill
• Waxwing
• Goldfinch

• Zhelna
• spotted woodpecker
• gray woodpecker
• White-backed Woodpecker
• green woodpecker
• three-toed woodpecker

birds living near human habitation

• Magpie
• Crow
• Hoodie
• Common jackdaw

The most beautiful wintering birds in Russia, video

Resident birds list with pictures grade 3

Resident or wintering birds live close to humans. During the winter cold, we should help our little feathered friends by setting up bird canteens. Birds are our little feathered hard-working friends. You should not forget about them in winter. The main condition for the survival of birds in harsh weather is a sufficient amount of food, and not severe frosts. Let's help the birds survive in winter - and the little creatures will thank us with cheerful chirping in the summer and the prosperity of our forests, gardens and parks.

Video: who winters with us