How to get into power? Social elevators without embellishment.

Pro-government structures in Russia say that social political elevators have started working in the country, but political scientists treat such statements with caution and even skepticism. "New Region" interviewed experts and found out how in modern Russia you can get into the political elite - if not the federal, then at least the regional.

The topic of developing social elevators in Russia was touched upon by officials upper echelons authorities in May of this year, when President Vladimir Putin signed a decree appointing Igor Kholmansky as Plenipotentiary for the Ural Federal District - former boss factory shop. Then the head of the administration of the presidential apparatus, Sergei Ivanov, commented on the event, saying that this is the most eloquent example of the work of social elevators. “The appointment of Igor Rurikovich to this position is one of the examples of the fact that social elevators are starting to work. I am a supporter of attracting and not being afraid to appoint people to responsible positions,” he said.

Some experts are convinced that the appointment of the Kholmanskys will give rise to the formation of a mechanism that will allow people who have proven themselves in various fields to participate in municipal and public policy. However, they have opponents who are skeptical of such assumptions, as well as the very fact of the existence of social elevators in Russia in the classical sense of the term. “As for real social lifts in Russia, when there are some smart, talented and honest people- it's all absurd. The social elevator exists only as a figure of speech, to which some specific examples of “travels from the 1st to the 25th floor” are attracted by the ears. An example could be the same appointment of the Kholmanskys,” political scientist Alexei Schweigert explained to Novy Region. - In fact, the same personnel reserve of the president, which was planned as a way to support talented and young officials and politicians, does not work. An imitation of a political erection is taking shape in our country, and I think it will flourish for a long time to come. So to say that the social elevator works in our country means to lie to yourself. He works only for the elite, between representatives of elite or bureaucratic structures, but not according to the type - "a man from the people - a politician at the federal level."

On the way with the ruling party

Meanwhile, there have not yet been such dizzying ups as in the case of the ex-factory worker Kholmansky, but experts say that there are other ways to get into "big politics". Among the first are joining the ranks of the party in power, which, in general, is not some new method of "getting into politics." Even during the USSR, membership in the Komsomol, and then in the CPSU, guaranteed promotion. In modern realities, only the name of the party has changed, but the essence of the method has remained the same. “Our system of political growth is very bureaucratic and follows long-established schemes,” political analyst Anatoly Gagarin explained to Novy Region. - Firstly, of course, you can join the United Russia party and move higher and higher there. But here, too, there are several ways. You can be a party functionary, a person who has his own ideas, who really acts and gradually enters the political elite. And you can have large business assets, or be an official.”

For examples, by the way, you do not need to go far. As the correspondent of Novy Region notes, there are more than enough businessmen, for example, in the Sverdlovsk regional Zakso. Thus, many members of the former House of Representatives, which included large businessmen, entered the united parliament. Very influential businessmen Valery Savelyev, Igor Kovpak became deputies, and the ex-director of a large gas enterprise Denis Pasler moved from the deputy chair even higher - to the post of prime minister Sverdlovsk region.

young green

As mentioned above, the second way to get into politics is through youth organizations affiliated with parties or youth parliaments and governments. However, experts say, such young functionaries most often turn out to be "caliphs for an hour." “Often, young people go into politics purely because of their ambitions, behind which there is nothing. It is very rare that young people make their way to politicians who are really significant in the life of a region or country,” Anatoly Gagarin explained.

One way or another, one of the examples of the “youth lift” is the arrival of Alexei Korobeinikov in regional politics, who began his career as a car mechanic, but after graduating from high school in 2005 joined the Young Guard United Russia”, after which he received his own membership card. By December 2008, the 30-year-old functionary achieved the post of head of the regional branch of MGER, hoping to get into the regional Duma on party lists. Korobeinikov's dreams came true last year: since 2011, he became a deputy of the ZSSO.

Also, some experts believe that if not an elevator, then the way to enter politics is the presence of beneficial family or just friendly ties. So, for example, today in the parliament of the Sverdlovsk region there are two Kovpak deputies at once: father Igor and son Lev. The first was a member of the House of Representatives for a long time, the second was a deputy of the Yekaterinburg City Duma. But no one doubts that the entry of Kovpak Jr. into the business and political elites was facilitated by the position of his father.

Cultural and sports way

In general, in many parliaments there are unspoken quotas for youth and athletes, analysts say. Giving mandates to well-known athletes or representatives of the youth cells of parties, politicians seek to prove to society that the interests of many segments of the population are reflected in the legislative power. By the way, in the same Sverdlovsk Legislative Assembly there are representatives from sports - this is a repeated winner Olympic Games, titled athlete Sergei Chepikov, who was elected to parliament from United Russia.

In addition, the same "ER" plans to nominate the artistic director of the Buranovskiye Babushki show group, Olga Tuktareva, into the top three in the October elections of deputies of the State Council of Udmurtia. “It will be a party decision, we are preparing candidates, we would like to see a villager and an industrialist in the top three. Well, it is necessary that there is still a female version, ”said Alexander Volkov, President of the Republic.

On the wave of protest

Another way to enter the political system is through opposition and pseudo-opposition parties. “Those who are not included in the lists of United Russia often come here. Moreover, there is such a nuance that businessmen very often change their guises, move from one political force to another, depending on the interests of their business, or to maintain the mandate, - said Anatoly Gagarin. “Therefore, in Russia, the political system is often decorative, it only covers business structures.”

By the way, getting into politics on the wave of opposition protests is not easy. At least it's not a pipelined way. “I have an internal expectation that political angels will appear in the regions, who will either independently or by attracting a certain circle of people to try to change the structure of regional policy. So far, there are no obvious examples, but to some extent, Leonid Volkov can be attributed to this category (note NR - deputy of the YeGD), - said Alexei Schweigert. - But, again, this is not a social elevator in the full sense of the word, because. they will have no real leverage over the political situation or public opinion in a broad sense. These are local stories that happen at the initiative of a single person, such people cannot enter the power structure.”

Part 1

Go!

Get a higher education. Almost anyone can become a politician (depending on what is meant by this word, of course), but those who make a truly significant contribution to the development of society and can call it their job have higher education. They most likely studied economics, business, political science, or international relationships. However, a degree in any specialty is better than nothing!

1. Do some volunteering. If one of the items on your resume is the experience of a gratuitous voluntary social activities, it is unlikely that someone will look at you and say: "This is not a trustworthy, not a good person." In order to win votes, you must show that you support good causes, that you have invested your time in this and that you care about your community. The easiest way to do this? Volunteering.

   • You can start by participating in a local volunteer campaign, but it's also a good idea to start developing interests outside of the political arena. Help the homeless, join a non-profit organization that you will support if you are in power. Show the world what a versatile and highly moral person you are.

2. Join the ranks of a political party. Participating in the party of Jane or John will not draw enough attention to you. If you take politics seriously, you need to become a member of an established political party. This way you will gain support, meet like-minded people, and under certain circumstances people will judge you as part of the party and trust you.

   • Or don't join. Whatever, at your discretion. That's what the Independent Party of America is for. However, keep in mind that being elected to the government as a member of this party is an unenviable prospect. People love labels, especially those they think they understand. Unfortunately, the Independent Party of America is not one of them.

3. Give credit to other people's campaigns. If you are so lucky that you are already in young age If you know what you want, then it will be useful for you to work in someone's campaign in order to advance in this area. This job may be tedious, but it will give you the opportunity to look behind the scenes of the political scene and get the deepest experience, which, by the way, is very important.

   • You may be knocking on doors, filling drawers with brochures, or stamping envelopes, but you will act. When you are at the top, this experience will help you appreciate the role of the employees who handle these cases, as well as develop the ability to make contact, which is also highly valued by people.

4. Accept Active participation in the community. If no one knows you through the local Joe, it will be difficult for people to trust you in many things. So get active locally! Be the one everyone knows. To those who participate in everything. You must earn your reputation!

   • What is the best place to start? From community meetings. Attend your local school board, city meetings, and the like and "make some noise there." Be active. Only by starting from the bottom will you get to the top. So go straight to the headquarters of the local party, ask questions and establish yourself there.

5. Flexible form of employment. While most politicians in high positions, businessmen and lawyers, things are different locally and statewide. The representative from your city can be a grocery store owner, a teacher, a craftsman, anyone. Since political activity will not bring you income in the next 10-15 years, pursue a parallel career with a flexible form of employment, unless, of course, you have a reserve of money for the next 10 years.

   • Flexibility in working hours is important when political activity comes to the fore. For example, you need to leave work in the afternoon to go to a meeting, take a week off for a convention, or a six-month vacation for your campaign. The more flexible your schedule is, the less your financial situation will suffer.

   Part 2

   Entering the arena

   1. Develop a passion for something. People don't go into politics for fun. Besides the fact that the politician wants to "change the world", he has a basic idea of ​​what should be changed. Therefore, when you enter the political scene, you must have an idea to stand for, something that will motivate you. Develop passion and passion for the idea.

      • Are you worried about the state of city roads? Do you want to save a local clinic that is about to be relocated? Would you like to see more green spaces in your area? Amazing! Thanks to the two-party system, you can achieve all of this. You need driving force your platform and campaign slogan.

   2. Start with local positions. You could rise from being a school president to being a candidate for the President of the United States, but you have to go through a lot to get there. If you want to be successful, you need to start small. In the US, you have several options:

      • School board
      • City Council
      • Mayor of the city
      • Member of the district administration

   3. Check your bank account. Let's say you decide you want to run for government, run for mayor, or become a member of the county council, maybe even a member of the state legislature. The higher the desired position, the more money you will need. Do you have insurance in case things go wrong? What if your campaign fails and you have to pay bills? What if you lose the election and your job is gone by then? Can you get money for food?

      • Election campaigns are expensive. Much bigger than you imagine until you start the first campaign. These are travel expenses. wage your team, market costs, negotiation costs, and that's just the beginning of the list. Ideally, you will not pay for all this. Ideally.

   4. Design your campaign. You'll need to assemble a team of people you can trust to run the campaign, but it's up to you to strategize for it. How do you want to disseminate information? How big will your team be? What questions will you discuss? How will you deal with opponents?

      • Start building capital. Ask everyone you know to donate to your campaign fund (you were kind to them because you knew that moment would come, right?). Even if you've only met once, even if you're not friends on Facebook, put aside your shame and ask!

   5. Reach out to your (wealthy) friends. This is where being part of one of their chic country clubs can really be in your favor. You need a steady stream of cash, and $10 every six months from Aunt Marge isn't going to make much of a difference. You would need thousands like her. So either you sip Pinot Grigio with the Gates or you serve it to them. Know who to connect with. It's a bitter truth, but it's true.

      • It will be useful if you have already lit up somewhere. Necessary people may notice you and decide that you have potential. Being a member of major political parties is an advantage as it is a great platform to gain attention.

   6. Start a statewide operation. After you become big fish in your pond, you will most likely want to move on. Come out to the state level! Become a member of the legislature, Senate or Congress. You have already proven your competence, and it's time to get decent money for your work!

      • For the most part, it's the same thing, but at a higher level. It requires more concentration and more spending. All in all, more is needed. Time included.
        • You need to discuss the lack of time with your family and loved ones. Your life will no longer be the same and you will be less available. You will often be on the road and this can lead to stress. Let's hope it's worth it!

   7. Brace yourself. If you are successful and win the election, for starters, congratulations! The work is stressful and you will turn gray before your time, but you will influence the course of things!

      • Don't back down at the first defeat. If this is truly your passion, your time will come. Don't hang your head and don't take everything too personally. The world is cruel, and you have to live with it somehow. It wouldn't mean so much if it was very simple. So pick yourself up and move on. There is always another chance!

   Part 3

   Develop personal qualities

   1. Be a persuasive public speaker. If you only have one talent, it must be the talent for public speaking. Your face, your voice, you should be the center of attention, at least until the election is over. People will watch you and analyze your every move. If you can win them over with your winning smile and calm demeanor and convince them of your competence, everything will go like clockwork.

      • Barack Obama and John F. Kennedy are obvious examples. When Barack takes the podium, he has no equal in terms of charisma. His oratorical skills helped him reach his current position. And also remember the famous debate between Kennedy and Nixon, in which Kennedy was so calm, balanced and collected that, compared to him, Nixon looked like a complete clown. So develop your speaking skills!

   2. Take care of your wardrobe. Besides the fact that John F. Kennedy was ahead of Nixon due to his charisma, he also looked many times better than him. If you are under the scrutiny of society, you must look great. This includes ties and suits, and don't forget your shoes.

      • There are two main styles you need to think about: a nice formal suit for more formal functions, and a roll-up-sleeve oxford shirt and khakis when you're at the city hall. This is suitable for both men and women, although the women's suit may consist of a skirt or trousers.

   3. Have strong views. If you expect people to vote for you, you must have your own views and they must be clearly marked. No sudden shifts or reversals or you'll be immediately associated with politicians like John Edwards. Well, if you learn this before the start of the campaign (although in reality contemporary politics reprioritization happens quite often).

      • You may be urged to adhere to the views of the majority. But there is no such rule. People on your team may want this from you, but you don't have to. It might get you votes, but what happens when the law goes into effect? Will you feel guilt?

   4. Get used to dealing with the press and their antics. Becoming a politician is practically signing a waiver of privacy. You will find out how movie stars feel. Your photos will be everywhere: from city buses to news programs. And this is not always happy. Besides the fact that you have to constantly be in front of cameras, faking a fake smile, it is even more difficult to put up with criticism against you. Can you stand it?

      • Often scandalous stories from the life of politicians emerge, sometimes it comes to the point of absurdity. If you are a member of the government, expect all your petty sins to come to the surface: be it a dishonorable dismissal from military service or an expired ticket for speeding twenty years ago. If there is something that can arouse the interest of the public, it will be widely publicized.
      • The world doesn't need another corrupt politician. Work in this area if you want to change the world for the better, and not just because you want power. In the end you are overthrown.

The life of politicians is very rich, varied and sometimes dangerous. Not everyone can adapt to it. If you are ready to make a big change in your life, then the question of how to enter politics is for you! If you persevere to achieve the goal and climb the career ladder confidently and swiftly, even such a lofty dream can be achieved. So let's imagine that you woke up in the morning with the idea of ​​becoming a politician.

You have to start at a young age

First, you need to persevere to achieve this goal. The earlier you set this dream, the more likely it is to achieve it, but no one says that it will be fast. If you are still a pupil or student, then you need to take part (not secondary roles, but take full responsibility) in all events that are held by the city administration, etc. If you show yourself with the best side, then you will certainly be noticed and will not be able to refuse such an enterprising, ambitious and responsible employee, if you are. Naturally, you will not be immediately taken to the deputies. But the mayor will surely offer you some small duties. The most important thing is not to alienate the authorities. It's worth starting small. You can do volunteer work (helping the disabled, orphans, the elderly). This is how you earn credibility. Try to periodically "shine" in local newspapers, express your opinions, talk about achievements.

Choosing an educational institution

If even before entering the university you decided: “I want to become a politician!”, then you should think about legal education or about a specialty with a state or municipal direction.

What qualities do you need to have?

• Analytical thinking (you must be able to build logical chains). Practice on simple situations that you encounter in everyday life.
• Good memory (a politician always has a lot of information in his head that needs to be organized).
• Good vocabulary. You must find general theme for a conversation with every person and be able to maintain a conversation on any topic. To do this, you must be well-read, and you need to read not detective stories, but scientific and educational literature. A good politician is a versatile person.
• You should not be shy of society, because politicians are public people.

How to get into politics?

You must not miss any opportunity. Participate in elections that take place every four years in each city. Earn people's respect. Find out what they need (many residents of high-rise buildings have leaking roofs or broken visors near the entrance, the streets are poorly lit, hatches are open, wild dogs roam in packs, and much more), you will always need help. The main thing is not to leave people at the first failure. Prove to them that you sincerely want to help your native people. Look for weaknesses in other deputies. Learn from their mistakes. If the first time you did not manage to get into the deputies - do not be discouraged, you will have four more years left to correct all the mistakes. You are young, promising, so there is room to grow. And if you are already an accomplished person, then for sure you will be more trusted than young deputies. One thing is clear, that by your deeds and deeds you are proving to the people your desire and attitude towards politics. Do not forget that you should be recognized. Now deputies use different brochures, calendars, press and the like.

There can be only two reasons: The first is that you really want to do nothing, while having everything. This is a philistine approach to the issue - forget and never think about it, this is not for you. The second - I really want to do something Real, but within the framework of the surrounding reality, there is not enough space for the implementation of ideas.

Political life is wonderful world living according to its Laws, Principles and Concepts. If you decide to engage in political activities on your own, then you must first understand yourself, no matter how trite it may sound. The first thing to think about is what your goal is. Historical experience shows that the greatest success in the political field is achieved by people who bring an idea that is in demand by society. Finding a point where the interests of all groups of a community in a large space converge is not easy, it requires either genius or experience.

How to make a political career

Entrepreneurs are perhaps the most in-demand in power and useful to society today. After a long journey, our society is gradually abandoning the Soviet stereotype of the idea of ​​entrepreneurs as capitalist-imperialists who drink the blood of the working people. Sitting on a bag of money, a fat man in a top hat is rather the opposite of a modern entrepreneur. In our time, the economically active part of society already sees in successful entrepreneur a person capable of leading people, responsible for his actions and for the fate of people who entrusted him with the most precious thing they have - their time. Of course, this person must be successful, look attractive, have the charisma inherent in a strong spirit of people who are educated and broad-minded. These processes were objectively reflected in the elections of the Governor of the Moscow Region. Andrey Vorobyov, who received the overwhelming majority of votes, is a representative of the new trend political life. Vorobyov gained his managerial experience in the field of entrepreneurship, having created a company in 1991-1998, which became OJSC Russian Sea Group of Companies. Today, the company he founded is one of the largest sellers of fish and seafood in Russia. The company owns a factory in Noginsk, is engaged in the processing of red fish and the production of preserves and red caviar. The group accounts for about 7.1% of the Russian fresh-frozen and chilled fish market. The group's turnover in 2006 was estimated at $100-120 million. How can one sincerely not support the person who created such a business, who gave the opportunity to live with dignity to numerous employees of the company and their families. Of course, skeptics may say that an administrative resource was used there, but it was used before, but no one who used it received such support. Phenomenal elections in Yekaterinburg. Residents elect Evgeny Vadimovich Roizman as the head of the city. Any political strategist knows what a candidate of Jewish origin, who is in confrontation with local authorities, has a previous conviction - victory is practically impossible if there is no "trump ace" up his sleeve.

I want to become a politician! But I don't know where to start...

And the secret of Roizman's victory is that he created and successfully managed the Jewelry House company, he gained his experience in entrepreneurial activity and was able to convince people of his ability to solve complex issues, to be responsible for the well-being of their families. His "trump ace" was the efficiency demonstrated in a real case. Entrepreneurs are faced with the most important problem - the inefficiency of the state structure, a complex and cumbersome system of administrative management. At its core, the principles continue to dominate: "Initiative is punishable", "The authorities know better", "I am the boss - you are a fool." Every entrepreneur, at a certain level of development of his business, faces a problem, he knows and understands it better than an official who sets tasks for him and his industry. Our state machine, slightly modified, has been inherited from the time of Soviet period. The people who work there are not inherently bad at all. Looking around in your surroundings, you will surely find an official who can be a wonderful, reliable friend, a brave and talented person. And if you communicate in an informal atmosphere with officials, then make sure that most of them are patriots of their country, worry about its future, want to do something useful, and you can’t even talk about the presence of creative thinking, in elections it manifests itself in in all its glory. It's just that they are within the framework of the hierarchical structure of the bureaucratic structure reflected back in the 19th century by Weber, which does not correspond to the challenges of society in the 21st century. Representatives state power they are not interested in the rational use of funds, and even less concerned about the issues of bringing profit for the state in the implementation of certain tasks. Why? Because the money that officials manage did not get to them in the process of entrepreneurial activity, management often has people who have never risked everything to make a profit, have never been afraid not to pay their people a salary, because they did not earn it, did not calculate the situation in in all possible variations, fearing to burn out and deprive his family of their livelihood. All this can be seen on the surface: economically inefficient road construction sites and the constant laying of asphalt on them, seasonal landscaping of the territory with annual plants and cheap disposable lawn, major repairs of houses before demolition, laying pipes without proper engineering calculations - the list is endless ... Natural the desire of an effective and energetic person, if he has the desire to leave his contribution and mark in history, is to change the current situation. For this, it is worth going to power.

What do you plan to outsource in 2017

How to become a politician? Which university to apply to?

How to become a politician?

There, one young deputy gave an interview, he told so much nasty things (purely humanly) that no one cares about the country, and that activists who want to change at least something for the best in the country are gagged with grenades in the windows ...
Why would you take it on?

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It happens that the lust for power completely takes possession of a person. Every day on the way home from work, he hatches plans to climb the political Olympus. Thoughts are ripening in his head, designed to decide the fate of the homeland and the whole world. He constantly imagines the soft rustle of the wheels of government limousines on the Kremlin paving stones - the quiet sound of power. Laminated crusts of a deputy or a member of the government flash before my eyes, plates with a native surname on leather-covered doors, cars with a “flag” on the number ... “But how is it? he thinks, tossing and turning in the dark nights. - There, Vladimir Vladimirovich is there, and Vladimir Volfovich too, but what about me? Am I worse? Nothing!”

As soon as this truth fits into the brain of the future leader, he has an irresistible desire to become involved in the world that is told in the news. HOW? WELL, OF COURSE, YOU NEED TO WIN THE ELECTION. Elections are the best and most reliable social elevator that will quickly take you to the very top - where there is a secretary with a receptionist, a company car with government numbers and a large telephone that you can easily call where ordinary phones cannot reach.
Unable to withstand internal stress, a young (old) man (woman) jumps out of bed, rushes to the computer and launches the Internet. It is there that he will meet people who call themselves political consultants and image makers. They will teach how to make ordinary people have an irresistible desire to put a tick in front of his name on the ballot. So,
Tip 1. Elections today are won only by those who manage to capture the interests of the majority of interested groups and harmonize them with the interests of the majority of voters. Therefore, first of all, decide with whom you are and whose interests you are ready to express - teachers, doctors, miners, single mothers ... Next, you should search for supporters, allies and assistants. Remember that the most unexpected characters can become allies - from the local district inspector to Anatoly Chubais (depending on the scale of the elections). The most important thing is to convince them how much good you have done in the past and what necessary steps you can take in the future, after winning the elections.
If this task is successfully completed, people with serious faces and quiet voices will appear on your horizon, who will offer you "some help" in exchange for representing their interests. For convenience, we will call them sponsors. If the enthusiasts did not show up, you will have to look for funds for the campaign on your own. First, you should find out which of the powers that be (oligarchs, powerful officials, etc.) have their own interests in your constituency. Secondly, determine who will play against you and ask for help from their "frenemies". The enemies of our enemies are our friends! If you manage to lure some oligarch, consider yourself very lucky. Few of them, the poor, remained in Rus'. And those who are still there are sitting quieter than water below the grass.
When raising funds for an election campaign, you should find out who else your sponsors are investing in. It is important to study the experience of conducting campaigns in similar regions.
Tip 2. We vote not for the program, but for the person. Any, even the most ingenious political doctrine requires a charming, disposable and attractive person for its promotion. Therefore, if you have a knee-deep stomach, not a hair on your head, and your face looks more like the opposite part of the body, it is cheaper to pay for a campaign to a “promising guy” who will represent your interests. Popular Lately at the political beau monde plastic surgery- this is not an option. Voters are extremely annoyed by the attempts of other politicians to become like Michael Jackson.

Tip 3. Today, voters are interested not so much in political programs as in personal information about the candidate (education, family, etc.). People are always worried about the question: “Who are you and can you be trusted?” This information box must be completed. Otherwise, it will be filled with mass consciousness arbitrarily.

Take care of a convincing biography, which should in every possible way bring you closer to the voters - from a simple family (people do not like intellectuals), I achieved everything myself, I know what hard work and deprivation are ... The main thing here is to learn how to heartfelt talk about your childhood, youth, maturity, loss innocence and daily fierce struggle for daily bread. The invaluable experience of a wallpaper pasteurist or a car washer is presented as an important component of future legislative (administrative) activities.

The stories about the candidate's ill wife, about the love that these people carried through their whole lives, remaining faithful to each other, about worthy children and grandchildren, are well received. In such cases, spontaneous Slavic attachment often works, which is not amenable to logical calculation. Remember, for example, Yeltsin's commercials with his family (1995), which in many ways added "humanity" to his appearance..
Be ready to quickly change the emphasis in your biography according to the expectations of a particular audience. For example, the message “I am a native of the provinces” if necessary changes to the truthful but opposite “I have been living and working in Moscow for a long time”, information about the candidate’s academic degree - to information about industrial success, etc. That is, it is necessary to cultivate in every possible way a sense of community between voters and a candidate (the notorious “We are a feeling”: “We are Russians”, “We are collective farmers”, “We are creative intelligentsia”).

Tip 4. Another principle of conducting a political campaign is the use of simple, understandable language for voters. In no case should a candidate break away from the average intellectual level. The effectiveness of long abstruse speeches or articles is usually zero. Peasants and most urban dwellers reject "the cleverness of the egg-headed intellectuals." In other words, the specifics of Russia is that the majority of voters do not feel sympathy for an intelligent and intellectual politician. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to focus on simple everyday issues that are important and understandable to the majority of voters (raising pensions, scholarships, fighting corruption, increasing the responsibility of officials, etc.).

Tip 5 Even more "eggheads" people do not like the notorious money "bags". As a rule, this is why the nouveau riche, who spent millions on the campaign, lose resoundingly in elections. A classic example is Bryntsalov. Enough and other "heroes." IN Russian society the phenomenon of social envy is very strong. Plus, almost half of the population is still ambivalent about business in general and businessmen in particular.

Hence the conclusion - it is extremely contraindicated for a candidate to brag about his income. Defiantly emphasizing that he is a successful and well-to-do person, the candidate automatically turns the majority of voters against him. When a man begins to talk about the troubles of the people, dressed in a suit worth several annual salaries of the minister and wearing a gold watch on his hand, this always causes irritation. In politics, modesty has always been and will be in vogue for a long time to come. However, it is important not to overdo it here. Changing into a jersey, changing patent leather shoes for tarpaulin boots, telling everyone about a difficult childhood and starving parents is an old hackneyed trick. Today, he is hardly misleading.

Tip 6. The psychology of voters is very similar to the psychology of children: both of them value sincerity above all else and do not accept falsehood. And they are very well recognized. That is why even a “cracked” speech, spoken sincerely, is perceived by the audience much better than the ideal impromptu speeches of an experienced demagogue. Remember the irritation caused by the smooth streamlined speeches of the first and last president THE USSR.

Perfect acting and persuasion are two different things. This is often forgotten by “serious” political technologists who are trying to cast an effective image out of a candidate. Sometimes a whole host of image makers teach a person how to answer journalists' questions, how to behave in front of television cameras, how to talk to the "common people" All the "costructural" pronunciation and speech errors are burned out with a red-hot iron. The problem is that along with the shortcomings, what is called personal charm and charisma often disappears. As a result, the "creators" get a candidate that looks a lot like a plastic Barbie doll. He annoys everyone just because everything in him - from the hairstyle to the color of the socks - is chosen in such a way as not to cause irritation to anyone. (There are many “plastic” ones in Russia, for example, in SPS and Yabloko)

An ideal image cannot work effectively even on a virtual level - incongruity and falsehood are felt even in television frames, skillfully "cut" by an experienced editor. The ideal is boring. From the ideal quickly get tired. People are interesting to others not for their banal virtues, but for their cute and original flaws.

That is why any manifestation of natural human behavior in politicians has always caused a massive revival among the people: a drunken Yeltsin conducting a German orchestra; Putin, who promises to kill everyone in the toilet... And Vladimir Volfovich, who poured juice over his opponent in a fit of anger, won the sympathy of the widest audience. The spontaneity of behavior always plays into the hands of politicians. By showing human weaknesses, big politicians become somewhat closer to ordinary people, which increases their attractiveness in their eyes.

The spirit of sincerity is much more important than "set" skills. A politician who sincerely and freely expresses his feelings about a situation, spontaneously expresses his opinion about what is happening, due to such uninhibited behavior, arouses the sympathy of others and thereby sets them up in favor of his opinion. Therefore, the main task of smart image makers is usually, first of all, to liberate the candidate, to remove psychological barriers when communicating with the audience. Let's repeat: the psychology of voters is very similar to the psychology of children. First of all, they value sincerity and do not accept falsehood.

Khrushchev's popularity in America was much higher than in his homeland. If at home he was made the character of numerous jokes, then his visit to the USA raised the rating of the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in this country higher than President Kennedy had then.

How to make a career in United Russia

The simplicity with which Khrushchev carried himself stunned millions of Americans. Against the background of polished politicians Khrushchev in a baggy suit, with the manners of a provincial farmer and rude humor looked like a "man of the people" - this impressed the vast majority of people.
(Sheinov V.P. "Psychology of great personalities").

Tip 7. Earn the trust of voters. No, you don’t need to beat yourself in the chest and shout in a terrible voice: “Guys, believe me! I won't cheat!" Trust is created in a different way. Try to communicate with voters more often. Do not skimp on personal contacts with people. And most importantly - bring this fact to the attention of a wide audience.

Do you want to know what is the secret of the popularity of the current president of Russia? Everything is very simple. No ads. No administrative resource. No political programs. Just constant news reports and unobtrusive reports from the scene. Here is Putin with the miners. But Putin with the builders. Putin with the military. Putin at the controls of the plane. Putin in the orphanage. Putin in the monastery lights a candle. Putin makes a pilgrimage to the places of Russian history. Putin answers questions from Russians on the phone. Youth rally in support of Putin. Watch with a portrait of Putin on the dial. Rugs with a portrait of Putin on the walls. Bronze busts of Putin in stores ...

Putin is presented in a simple and accessible way. Putin is your boyfriend. Putin is almost a member of the family. Putin is our president! Western experts write: "Trust must be built not on abstract concepts, but on small but convincing facts."

Tip 8 When putting forward your candidacy in the elections, be prepared to experience all the delights of the notorious "black PR" in your own skin. You will learn a lot about yourself.

I was accused of setting fire to the lunatic asylum with all its inhabitants because it spoiled the view from my windows. This was followed by a report that I had poisoned my uncle in order to take possession of his property. The newspaper insistently demanded an autopsy. Finally, the harassment to which the hostile parties subjected me reached its climax: at someone's instigation, during the pre-election meeting, nine kids of all colors of skin and in a variety of rags climbed onto the podium and, clinging to my legs, began to shout: “Dad! Dad!"
(Mark Twain, "How I was elected governor")

If you do not want to be "crushed" by your opponents, do not react to their attacks. Moreover, if instead of retaliatory criticism you begin to justify your actions, the voters will have no doubt that you are guilty of everything that you are accused of. The guilty one is always justified. Or weak. The strong one can only express regret that his opponents stoop to such dirty methods.

Publicly pity your opponents. Be sorry for the fact that they take bribes; for living a double life; for the fact that dirty methods are trying to denigrate you, all so white and fluffy ... Expressing condescending sympathy for your opponents, you seem to take the position of a parent who is upset by unreasonable children. "Parent" is the traditional role-playing status of a leader. Taking on the position of a parent, you carry out a kind of “addition from above” in relation to your opponents. Opponents automatically fall into the position of a "child" who can be rewarded for good behavior and punished for bad. The child is weak and unauthoritative ...

Tip 9. The success of a political leader is always formed on the basis of the coincidence of two factors: the expectations of voters regarding political leadership and the individual characteristics of the leader himself. Here we come close to the concept of a politician's image - the reflection of a candidate's individual traits by his voters, his target audience.

In order for a group to recognize a politician as its leader, it must “see” in him a number of qualities that are important for itself. On the one hand, a political leader must demonstrate such qualities as masculinity, fearlessness, determination, and ruthlessness towards enemies. On the other hand, he must be kind, fair, wise and sensitive towards "his own".
When constructing a leader type (i.e., a set of optimal personality traits that will be shown to voters), it is necessary to take into account the collective tendency of voters to perceive certain myths. Such a propensity is a social experience that is acquired automatically, at an unconscious level. This is a kind of historical memory of the people. Each society has its own "favorite" myths, due to historical, cultural and ethnic factors.

For example, one of the most common Russian myths is based on the opposition: "Good tsar-father - bad boyars." The tsar-father loves the people and wishes them well, but the damned boyars hide the truth about the people's troubles from him... Fancifully transforming over the course of many centuries, this myth lives in the mass consciousness of Russians today. It is actively used by all applicants for the highest state post. Both Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin, having come to power, first of all positioned themselves in opposition to the “bad boyars”: party apparatchiks, bureaucratic officials, oligarchs, etc. This myth is actively used today: "A good president who wishes the people well - bad corrupt officials, criminal oligarchs."
Generally speaking, the coming to power of a new ruler in Russia is always accompanied by general enthusiasm and the growth of popular expectations. Like, here he finally came - a kind and fair gentleman who will judge everyone ... And he will restore order in the eternal Russian mess. In Russia, all new rulers are initially endowed with a large credit of people's trust, in modern terms - a high rating. We will not dwell on the 19th century, when the accession to the throne of the next king-father was always accompanied by general rejoicing and mass festivities. Let's take recent history. Today, it is rarely remembered what kind of popular love Khrushchev enjoyed in the mid-1950s, Brezhnev in the late 1960s, Gorbachev in 1985/86 or Yeltsin in the early 1990s - at the beginning of his reign.
The age-old expectations of Russians for the arrival of a just “father-king” explains high rating V. Putin in 2000-2001. I emphasize that precisely by expectations, and not by semi-mythical “electoral technologies”. (Supposedly, political strategists headed by the cunning Gleb Pavlovsky got together and “made” Putin a rating. Of course, purposeful steps in this direction were taken and are being taken, but they did not de facto determine Putin’s high rating at the beginning of his “reign.” This rating, by the way , gradually begins to deflate in the second half of 2001. Which is fully consistent with the Russian political tradition: “First we love, then we hate.”) Political myths have great power.
However, relying on traditional myths is not enough to permanently reinforce popularity and popular support. This was well shown by the examples of the same Gorbachev and Yeltsin. A leader must demonstrate success, however small. They increase authority and influence on the masses. A leader should always look like a winning hero.

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Young Ukrainians are learning to reflect opponents' arguments in debates and build winning strategies in elections. Some - for the general development, others - intending to make a career as a politician.

Who and why invented the scythe for the leader of the Byutovites, the orange horseshoe of Our Ukraine and the blue and white flag of the Party of Regions, how to organize an election headquarters and win debates in a political talk show - future deputies, young and ambitious, but without millions behind them, today acquire valuable knowledge in numerous courses and trainings.

“Most people will communicate with you on a friendly note, but this does not mean that they will vote for you,” sociologist Yevgeny Kopatko teaches at the three-month “Future Deputy Course”. He and his teaching colleagues, renowned political technologists Dmitry Vydrin and Denis Bogush, and social psychologist Oleg Pokalchuk, teach power-hungry youth how to work with the electorate and campaign. In the audience, no one shouts down, fights or pours drinks on each other - theoretical politics is very tolerant.

Everyone listens with interest and takes notes in a businesslike manner, realizing that in a country where life is divided into before and after elections, there will be little time for self-education. A month of training at deputy courses costs 800 hryvnia, which is symbolic: this is the living wage set by the Cabinet of Ministers from January 1, 2012.

The idea to try oneself in politics looks especially tempting against the backdrop of constantly sounding phrases that there are no worthy leaders in Ukraine. Those who are now from 17 to 33 want to prove that they will be soon.

Schools of future politicians today operate throughout Ukraine. They are organized by youth organizations, political centers, foundations, local deputies. At such meetings, they teach the basics of political science, psychology, law, PR, oratory skills - everything that can be useful in a political career. Courses differ, as a rule, in the level of status of teachers and cost: you can study for 2400 UAH. per month, and absolutely free. The last option is possible if the case is taken public organizations.

In Chernihiv, for example, the association "Youth of the 21st Century" conducts trainings from October to November for those who want to become a political leader. You don't have to pay tuition, but attending classes is a must. Upon completion of the course, a certificate is issued. In addition to him, the participants of the trainings receive an excellent platform for starting a political career in the form of a team of classmates in the courses.

“Politics is the only way to fulfill all the tasks set,” says Oleksiy Belovol, a graduate of the Kyiv political course, enthusiastically, albeit somewhat vaguely.

Alexei has had a passion for politics since his youth: he read books about de Gaulle and Franklin avidly. He made the final decision to embark on this path by participating in the role-playing game "Election of the President of the Republic of Foros". The goal of the game is to win the elections: for this you need to campaign, distribute leaflets and promises - in a word, everything is like in life.

Belovol was so imbued with the idea that he decided: he would work at the headquarters “for his uncle”, understand the nuances of the electoral process and immediately begin the struggle for the deputy chair.

What steps need to be taken to become a successful politician?

He is going to appeal to the youth and entrepreneurs.

The creator of the "Course of the future deputy" Yuriy Lipchevsky from Kyiv welcomes ambitions, but advises to think in a balanced way. His experience shows that in less than 10 years you will not become an influential politician. Here, as in the army, in order to rise to the rank of general, you have to go all the way from a soldier. For those who want to be leaders, Yury recommends “going to the people” more often, communicate with voters (including those who seem not quite adequate) and not hesitate to run for village councils.

A participant in one of the schools of young politicians, a student at the University of Banking, Nazar Odinaev managed to put together his support group in this way. Using membership in one of the parties, in the 2010 elections, he ran for deputies of the district council. He had no budgets, so he distributed leaflets together with a team of like-minded people. Failed to win.
“In order to have a chance to get through, you have to quit your job and deal only with elections for two months,” Nazar shares his experience. The student's triumph was also prevented by the unfriendly interference of third parties - they threatened to beat him up if he was too active a candidate. However, Nazar does not intend to retreat.

“If you don’t get involved in politics, it starts to get involved in you,” says 23-year-old Nazariy Boyarsky. He is vice president of the Debate Academy, an all-Ukrainian organization that regularly organizes intellectual role-playing games popular in many countries. Teams of debaters try to convince each other that they are right. The range of topics is wide: from human rights to national identity. Persuasion should be done competently - analyzing what was said and giving your arguments, without sophistry and assault. Everyone can become a member of the Debate Academy by filling out the form on the website and paying an annual fee of 60 UAH.

One of the main ideas conveyed here is that debate is not an end in itself. Therefore, to enter into a heated argument with me, for example, that the state language of Ukraine should be made not only Ukrainian, but also Russian, and also, for example, French, Boyarsky refuses. But if this idea were submitted as a bill to parliamentary hearings, Nazariy would begin his speech by saying that this threatens to split the country, and would end up saying that this idea is too costly.

The main thing in the debate is not to separate words and deeds, says Nazariy. That is, if a group of comrades foaming at the mouth (and this happens often) defends the need to take care of the cleanliness of cities, having finished arguing, they take a rake and go to confirm this.

The participants of the debate movement are also inspired by the example of Lesya Orobets. She proved in practice that it is absolutely realistic to change the status of a debater who dreams of becoming a politician to a seat in the Verkhovna Rada, becoming the youngest people's deputy in the history of Ukraine.

The leader of the debate movement in the Donetsk region, Aleksey Verbitsky, became interested in the topic of discussion clubs while still at the university. Now the culture of debating is instilled even in schoolchildren. He is proud of his students - according to Verbitsky's observations, most student actions in Donetsk today are organized by former or current debaters. Such an active civic position, legal knowledge, and most importantly, teamwork skills make the participants in this movement quite real contenders for the role of a new generation of Ukrainian politics.

Instruction

For such an important profession as a politician, a member of the country's leadership, one should prepare oneself young years. If you did not like to read, skipped lectures at the university, and now, as a result, you are poorly versed in history, literature, political science, etc., then it will be more difficult for you. Improve yourself, for example, read biographies of famous politicians, books about the psychology of communication, about body movements. If you are a bright and strong-willed person, then you will undoubtedly achieve your goals.

The sooner you set yourself the mindset to become, the more likely your chances become. In the administration and in the State Duma of any city there are youth public organizations, take an interest in this, and, if possible, join them. Do things that are useful for the population, help the disabled, veterans. Earn your credibility, cooperate with the media, give interviews, in general, be in the public eye.

No one will bring a good position for you on a silver platter. The field you want to enter contains many competitors. The easiest way to be in some kind of movement or party is with the help of connections, ask your relatives and friends if they can help you with something.

Actively follow the opening vacancies or the thought. Elections are held once every 4 years, try to participate in them. You can try to get settled, it's not that hard when you have higher education, knowledge foreign language and faith in yourself.

It will be much easier to get into politics if you have already taken place in your profession, for example, you are a well-known doctor in the city, a musician or. Maybe you are a successful businessman and leader. Determine your position and position, give an interview about what you would like to change in your country, what you would like to improve. The trust of the people, popularity and competent PR will help you in your endeavors.

The basic rule for a person who decides to do political career- a reasonable choice of the vector of its movement. It is necessary to feel the mood of the people, because it is much easier to catch it than to try to convince people of the fallacy of their views.

Instruction

Despite the fact that the vast majority of political figures are thirty years old and above, preparation for a political career should be carried out long before that - even in youth. You must be clean or not be seen engaging in any immoral or illegal activity. Roughly speaking, your youth should pass without any excesses and, if possible, with an active social position. Everything secret sooner or later becomes clear, so do not commit acts, the illumination of which can be used against you.

There are a number of basic ways you can do career in the field of politics. The first of these is the organization of a group of supporters with its subsequent transformation into a full-fledged party. From the point of view of direct political activity, this process is the most time-consuming and costly.

The second way is the entry, which already exists. Your vector of development in this case means striving to rise within the administrative resource by showing great activity, as well as proving loyalty to the goals and objectives of both the party in principle and the persons exercising control in this moment time.

You can also be promoted in the current state apparatus. This method is shown in the case of general stability of the political regime in both the short and long term and is the most straightforward. The best thing in this case is to use a "patron" - a person who will promote your promotion. The recommendations in this case are the same as in the previous step, however, you must equally demonstrate loyalty to your protector and your own perspective.

In addition, you can carry out political career, without joining any party and without creating its own. However, in this case, an extremely sensitive feeling of the mood of the people, as well as solid financial support, is necessary. This option is possible if you own a stable and profitable source of income, and you occupy a managerial position, for example, you are at least the owner or head of the enterprise.

Passion for photography last years became extremely popular. Often, an amateur photographer thinks about how to turn his hobby into a profitable business. To become a professional, you need to both master some theoretical knowledge and gain extensive practical experience in photography.

You will need

• - camera;
• - memory card for the camera;
• - protective light filter;
• - tripod.

Instruction

The first thing that a beginner photographer will have to do is to acquire the necessary equipment. The choice of the first camera should be taken responsibly, but you should not buy the most expensive model, believing that the more expensive the camera, the better the photos. Pay attention to the amateur level, for example, Nikon D5000, Canon EOS 500D Kit, Sony Alpha SLT-A33. When buying a camera, hold it in your hands, if possible, take a few pictures in artificial and natural light.

The list of equipment and accessories necessary for a photographer is not limited to a camera. At the initial stage of mastering photography, you will also need: a capacious memory card, a protective light filter that will protect the lens glass from dust and water, a convenient bag. As for optics, a novice photographer usually needs whale lens, but in the future you will have to buy interchangeable optics. In addition to the above, a tripod can also be useful, especially if you plan to do studio and portrait shooting.

It is impossible to become a good photographer without knowing the theory, so before you start practicing, you will have to spend some time learning the basics of photography. You can get acquainted with them both by enrolling in a photography school, and on your own, studying the relevant literature and lessons on the Internet. First of all, read about such basic concepts in photography as shutter speed, aperture, focus, exposure, white balance. In addition, learn the basics of composition, read about choosing lighting and shooting angles. You can learn a lot of useful information from the instructions for your camera.

Having familiarized yourself with the theory of photography, start practicing, because it is she who will make you real photographer. Take your camera with you as often as possible and, wherever you are, look for an interesting shot, a good angle. Try yourself in different genres of photography - portrait, group, landscape, reportage. Select the most successful frames in your opinion for your portfolio, which will come in handy when you look for orders.

After gaining some experience, try to take pictures. Finding the first clients is not so easy, so at first you may have to shoot weddings or reports for a review or a nominal amount. However, if your first clients like your photos, they will surely recommend you to their friends. In addition, you can sell photos on photo stocks or look for work as a photojournalist or assistant photographer. By working with more experienced colleagues, you can get valuable feedback and advice.

note

Often even a good shot requires additional processing, so professional photographer must be able to work in photo editing software such as Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Lightroom.