Project nature reserves of Mordovia. Mordovian State Reserve named after
Mordovian State nature reserve is located on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, in the Temnikovsky district. The reserve, whose total area is 32,148 hectares, was organized on March 5, 1936.
The forest-steppe type of climate predominates in the protected area. On average, the thermometer rises to 4°C with a plus sign. Most low temperatures observed in January (-11.5... -12.3°C), high – in July (18.9... 19.8°C). The local climate is formed under the influence air masses three types: tropical, temperate latitudes And arctic. Marine and continental air masses are observed.
Arctic air from the north leads to a sharp drop in air temperature in autumn and spring time it causes the return of frost and cold weather. Southeast winds are directly related to dry periods on protected lands. Every year on the territory Mordovian Nature Reserve About 480 mm of precipitation falls.
The hydrographic network is formed by rivers Moksha And Satis, as well as tributaries of the latter: Vyaz-Pushta, Chernaya, Pushta. There are lakes that are typical floodplain oxbow lakes. The relief is flat, slightly undulating: the nature reserve is located in the Oksko-Donskaya lowland.
Mordovian Nature Reserve and its flora and fauna
Most of Mordovian Nature Reserve(96%) is covered with forest, half of these areas are covered by pine forests, growing mainly on sandy soils. Green moss pine forests are widespread. In the eastern and western parts Birch forests predominate. Linden forests are concentrated mainly in the central and western parts. Aspen plantations are spread throughout the reserve.In our article we want to tell you about the Mordovian Nature Reserve. It is located in the Temnikovsky district of Mordovia, in the zone of broad-leaved and coniferous forests, as well as forest-steppe, on the banks of the Moksha River. The total area of the reserve is more than thirty-two thousand hectares of land.
From the history of the reserve
Mordovian Nature Reserve named after. P. G. Smidovich was organized in March 1936, and it received its name in honor of a government worker of that time who dealt with environmental issues in the country.
The primary goal of creating the reserve was to restore the number of forests damaged by logging and burned in fires. In 1938, the taiga zone lost about two thousand hectares of trees. Currently, there is a struggle to preserve the natural landscape of the region.
Mordovian Nature Reserve named after. P. G. Smidovich, as well as its surroundings, contain many historical monuments. For example, here you can find settlements and human sites dating back to the Neolithic era. In the seventeenth - twentieth centuries, the southeastern part of the Murom forests belonged to monasteries, whose servants tried to preserve and increase forest wealth. They built special ditches to drain wetlands. Remnants of their activities have survived to this day.
Regular monitoring of the condition of the reserve is carried out. rare species flora at stationary recording sites.
Location of the protected area
Mordovian state reserve them. P. G. Smidovich is located on the right bank of Moksha. Border of the northern part protected area passes along the Satis, which is a tributary of the Moksha. The western border is delineated by the Chernaya, Moksha and Satisu rivers. On the southern side, forest-steppe approaches, which naturally delineates the boundaries of protected lands. It turns out that the forest areas of the reserve are included in the coniferous and deciduous forests on the very border with the forest-steppe.
As for the climate, the protected area falls in the Atlantic-continental region. The frost-free period a year is up to 135 days. Sub-zero temperatures begin in November. Maximum warm temperature reaches forty degrees here, and the minimum in winter is - 48 degrees.
Water system
The water system of the protected lands is represented by the Bolshaya and Malaya Chernaya, Pushta and Arga rivers. There are also streams flowing into Moksha. All of them also have their tributaries. However, in summer period some rivers partially dry up. Summer rains have little effect on the water level in rivers. Only heavy rainfall can lead to an increase in river water levels. Most of the reserve is the drainage area of the Pushta River. There are lakes in the southwest, and there are quite a lot of them, about two dozen. There are large and small sizes.
Flora of the reserve
The Mordovian reserve is completely covered with forests. Half of them are pine. But in the eastern and western parts birch tracts predominate, while in the central part linden trees predominate. In Moksha there are oak trees that are one hundred and forty to one hundred and fifty years old. Sometimes there are also more ancient giants, whose age reaches three hundred years.
The flora of the reserve is represented by 788 species of vascular plants, as well as 73 species of mosses. The most common type of vegetation is subtaiga (light coniferous) forests of the most different types. Pine-oak, as well as pine-linden forests are specific to this region. The moisture and soil provide such a wide variety of woodlands. Here you can see dry lichen forests, damp spruce forests, and black alder poplars.
It must be said that the Mordovian Nature Reserve (photos are given in the article) has preserved quite a lot of forests in its natural state on its territory. Pine forests dominate. There are no clear boundaries between forest varieties.
Fauna of the protected area
In 1930, the Mordovian Nature Reserve named after Smidovich was introducing introduced new species into the protected area. Thus, muskrats brought from Primorye were released into the lakes, which not only took root in these parts, but also became quite common for this region, and the most numerous of the ungulate representatives. From Voronezh region and Kherson (Askania-Nova) deer were brought here. In 1940, roe deer were introduced. Later, bison and bison, as well as Ukrainian gray cattle, were also brought in. They even created a special bison park, which existed until 1979. Unfortunately, further work was stopped, the bison park was destroyed, and the animals themselves were sent to live freely.
Beaver population recovery
Over the years of its existence, the Mordovian State Reserve named after Smidovich has restored the number of beavers that were almost completely exterminated. Work began in the late thirties. Nowadays, beavers have become quite numerous in the Moksha River basin.
Eight hundred individuals were sent for further resettlement in Mordovia, Ryazan, Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Tomsk regions.
Beavers are very interesting animals. They cut down trees to obtain food and for construction. They gnaw off the branches and then divide the trunk into separate parts. Imagine that they are able to fell an aspen tree in just five minutes. And a tree with a diameter of forty centimeters is slowly cut up in one night. By the morning after them active work All that remains is a stump and a pile of sawdust. Beavers gnaw while standing on their hind legs and leaning on their tail. Their jaws work like a saw. The teeth of animals are self-sharpening, and therefore always remain sharp.
Beavers partially eat branches from a fallen tree on the spot, and float the rest down the river to their house or to the place where a new dam will be built. Sometimes animals even dig channels that serve to transport food. The length of such a channel can be a couple of hundred meters, and its width can reach fifty centimeters. The depth reaches one meter.
Beavers live in burrows, or so-called huts. The entrance to their house is always under water. Animals dig holes in the banks. They represent a complex system of labyrinths with four or five entrances. Beavers treat walls and floors very carefully. In general, the living space itself is located at a depth of no more than one meter, has a width of up to a meter and a height of up to fifty centimeters. Animals design their homes in such a way that the height of the floors in the house is twenty centimeters above the water. If suddenly the water level in the river rises, the beaver immediately raises the floor, scraping construction material from the ceiling.
Animals build huts in places where it is impossible to dig a hole. These are either low, swampy shores or shallows. The walls of the house are coated with silt or clay, it becomes strong and inaccessible to any predator. Air enters the hut through the ceiling. There are many passages inside. With the onset of frost, animals insulate their home and the temperature remains above zero throughout the winter. The water in the holes never freezes, and therefore beavers can always go under the ice of the reservoir. During severe frosts, steam can be seen above the huts. This indicates that the house is inhabited. Sometimes the settlement of this animal simultaneously consists of burrows and a hut. Why do you think beavers build dams? Everything is very simple. Although they are large, they are rodents. They have quite a lot of enemies: bear, wolf, wolverine, lynx. To prevent enemies from reaching them, the entrance must be flooded. This is not an obstacle for the beaver, and predators will not get to it. However, these animals cannot live in water all the time.
Lynx in the Mordovian Nature Reserve
The lynx is a protected animal in the reserve. Currently, the population of this animal is expected to increase. According to employees, this is due to the fact that this year there has been an increase in their main food - the white hare.
In addition, researchers have recorded an increase in the numbers of other animals such as squirrels and sika deer. I must say what last years The number of squirrels, roe deer, foxes, and martens has also increased. All this data was obtained thanks to route census, which allows you to track changes in the number of certain individuals.
In general, the lynx is a very beautiful and hardy animal, which is a symbol of the reserve. The reserve first discovered the lynx in March 1941 following traces of its life activity. Then in 1942, hunters killed three individuals at once (it was a female and two young lynxes), and later also an adult male. And since then, for six years, no traces of this animal were ever found.
It was only in 1949 that the Mordovian Nature Reserve began reintroducing the lynx.
This animal is characterized by a dense and strong physique and has very developed legs. The animal's fur is beautiful and thick. The lynx's sense of smell is not very developed, but its hearing and vision are excellent. Like all cats, she climbs trees remarkably well, moves quietly and silently, and, if necessary, makes a big jump for prey. In general, the lynx feeds on hares and some hazel grouse). However, they are sometimes able to attack prey much larger than themselves if they see that they can overpower it. Cases of attacks on roe deer and deer have been recorded. The lynx is a night hunter.
There are rumors that cats are very strong and bloodthirsty, but talk of attacks on people is extremely exaggerated. If the animal is not touched, it will never attack first. Lynx, on the contrary, tries to avoid humans.
Unfortunately, a decrease in the number of individuals was previously observed wild cats. But now the population has increased significantly.
Objectives assigned to the reserve
Mordovian State Reserve named after P. G. Smidovich carries out measures to preserve the natural state natural complexes(biotechnical, fire-fighting and other measures), measures to protect and protect forests, measures to extinguish fires, equip areas with signs and information boards.
The reserve workers are faced with the task of identifying and suppressing any violations of the regime of the protected area. The Mordovian Nature Reserve carries out environmental education work, including with schoolchildren.
In addition, research work is carried out. The administration of the sanatorium is organizing educational eco-tourism. This is, first of all, the creation of special places for tourists to relax.
Mordovian Nature Reserve and ecological tourism
The purpose of the reserve is to preserve and enhance natural resources, and not hiding them from human eyes behind seven locks. Therefore, the Mordovian Nature Reserve is actively involved in the development of ecological tourism. First of all, this is a journey into the world of the new and unknown. Such tours are organized to untouched forests for educational and educational activities.
As part of such tourism, ecological trails, specialized recreation areas, visitor centers and many other interesting objects have long been created in the reserve. However, the territory of the reserve is closed and visiting is prohibited. And here tourist excursions possible, but by prior agreement with the administration.
Since 2013, the reserve has also become a tourist operator of the Russian Federation. It offers its visitors eight different tour programs to suit every taste:
1. “Visiting the reserve” - a one-day program with a visit to the central estate and thematic events.
2. “Reserved Mordovia” - a one-day excursion route with a visit to the main attractions of the reserve.
3. Expedition to the Inorsky cordon. A seven-day trek with visits to monasteries, picturesque places, as well as educational activities and programs.
4. Expedition to the Pavlovsky cordon. For five days, guests live in wooden houses, go on excursions, visit monasteries and the main estate.
5. "Course This trip is designed for five days with accommodation and meals in field conditions. Instructors will teach you the basics of survival in the wild, and master classes await you.
6. "Our animals." A fascinating journey into the world of wild nature. The guide will introduce you to the life of birds and animals. also in winter time Vacationers will be able to ride snowmobiles.
7. Family tour. This excursion is designed for weekends. In two days you will not only visit protected places, but also a number of monasteries.
8. Tour “National Cuisine”. You can not only enjoy the beauty of the protected lands, but also taste dishes of national cuisines.
Instead of an afterword
Mordovian Nature Reserve named after. Smidovich preserves and preserves the riches of nature. If you decide to visit it and admire the local beauty, then you can choose one of the eight excursion tours currently offered. They are all very different and everyone can choose the right option for themselves. We wish you a good break from everyday life and admire the local beauty.
The Mordovian Nature Reserve was created in 1935 and is located on the territory of the Temnikovsky district, in the north-west of the republic. The purpose of creating the Mordovian reserve was the protection and restoration forest area the southern part of the taiga zone with spruce plantations, preservation and enrichment of the animal world through acclimatization of their most valuable species in this area.In the vicinity of the Mordovian Nature Reserve, many settlements and human sites of the Neolithic era have been discovered. In the XVII - early XX centuries. The owners of the southeastern edge of the forests were monasteries, the treasury and private individuals. In the eastern part of the reserve there is still a point where the borders of three provinces meet, called the “golden pillar”. In 1936, after the definition of the protected boundaries, it was given the name of the famous in Mordovia politician Peter Germogenovich Smidovich, who made a huge contribution to the protection of the country’s nature. During the Great Patriotic War In the Mordovian Nature Reserve, the local rubber plant, the euonymus, was harvested, and workers in a special laboratory searched for mushrooms containing penicillin.
The original area of the Mordovian Nature Reserve was 32,933 hectares; currently it has decreased slightly and amounts to 32,148 hectares. The protected area lies in the interfluve of the Moksha River and its right tributary Satis. In addition to them, other rivers flow here, but the main one in the Mordovian reserve is considered to be Pushta. The climate in this territory is moderate, the relief is poorly dissected with small increases between floodplains and ravines. The area is wooded: birch and aspen trees grow in the west and east, linden and spruce trees in the center, and pine groves in the rest of the territory. Vegetable and animal world The reserve is typical for mid-latitudes. There are oaks that are 140-150 years old, and some are over 300 years old. There are plants and animals, birds listed in the Red Book - the real lady's slipper, the red pollenhead, the reviving moonflower, which has not yet been found anywhere else in Mordovia; birds - saker falcon, golden eagle, little bustard, black stork. The river beaver, which was practically exterminated in the region, brought and restored to the population, lives here, as well as the Russian muskrat, sika deer, Askanian deer, Siberian roe deer and bison.
Unauthorized stay on the territory of the Mordovian Nature Reserve is strictly prohibited! A special permit is issued free of charge by the administration located in the village of Pushta. There is also the Museum of Nature of the Mordovian State Nature Reserve named after. P.G. Smidovich. Nearby is an Orthodox landmark - the Nativity of the Virgin Mary Sanaksar Monastery.
Maria Rogozhkina
Our motherland rich in forests, fields, meadows, flowers. We have a lot of mushrooms, berries, flowers, animals in our forests, and fish in our rivers and lakes.
Do you know what it is" reserve".
Reserve- it's almost a fairy-tale forest. Nature reserves are protected by the state. In them, animals, birds, insects and fish, herbs and mighty trees live nearby and grow calmly. No one here shoots, catches butterflies, picks flowers or destroys trees. IN reserves Not only hunting and fishing are prohibited, but also picking berries and mushrooms. Life here flows according to its own rules and sets these rules itself. nature.
Not far from our city Temnikov in the village of Pushta there is Mordovian reserve named after. P.G. Smidovich
We visited preparatory group No. 1 in reserve and got to know some of its inhabitants better.
A bunch of rare plants, mushrooms and animals found in Mordovian Nature Reserve, including lady's slipper orchids, neottiantha capulata, rare lichens lobaria pulmonata and menegasia drilled, ram mushroom.
Lady's slipper
Ram mushroom
Different types of butterflies.
Forests Mordovian Nature Reserve are a refuge for ungulates and predatory animals - elk, deer, wild boar, marten, lynx, brown bear, wolf, fox,
IN reserve There are more than 60 species of mammals, of which 5 were introduced by humans or independently settled from neighboring territories - deer, sika deer, bison, raccoon dog, muskrat, Brown bear, elk, capercaillie, hazel grouse.
Territory reserve inhabited by birds - approximately 215 species.
In addition, in bodies of water reserve There are about 32 species of fish
Age of trees on site reserve reaches 140-150 years.
We were especially impressed by the premiere of a puppet show based on Mordovian folk tale"Ophto-honey paw". The main character of the tale is a bear - an animal for the ancient Mordovians. In the fairy tale shown, the bear personifies power, eternity, strength nature, against which a person is powerless, no matter how smart and cunning he is.
The origami master class aroused great interest, and all the children enjoyed making various paper bird figures.
Visit purpose reserve: introducing children to the concept of " reserve"and the role of man in the life of its inhabitants, the formation of children's ideas about the flora and fauna reserve; consolidation of rules of conduct in reserve; nurturing children to have a good attitude towards nature using the example of his native land.
Thanks to the staff reserve for a fascinating excursion.
Publications on the topic:
There is a place where I will rest. Yu. Lermontov Not far from the city of Penza, about 100 km, is the village of Lermontovo. In the territory.
On October 16, 2015, the republican competition of Mordovian crafts “Baban Par” started. I decided to take an active part in it.
Summary of GCD in the preparatory group “State Natural Reserve “Belogorye” Nature reserves day. Andreeva E.V., teacher, MBDOU " Kindergarten“Rosinka” of a general developmental species in the town of Biryucha.” GCD in preparatory group.
Good afternoon, dear colleagues! I would like to present to your attention a photo report of how my children and I visited the NIZHNY NOVGOROD STATE ART FACILITY.
Over the weekend we discovered the world native nature. The city of Sarov is located on the territory of the Mordovian State Nature Reserve.
