White truffle – divine taste! Where in Russia do real expensive truffles grow - places where black and white truffles grow? Which resembles the taste of a mushroom truffle.

White truffle in Russia is considered an edible mushroom of category 4 nutritional value, and delicious. The same opinion is shared in Germany, Sweden and Hungary. But in Spain, France and Italy, white truffle is considered, on the contrary, poisonous, causing gastrointestinal poisoning. In Spain, the white truffle is listed as a species whose sale is prohibited. There is also information about the toxicity of only overripe fruiting bodies, as well as the need for heat treatment.

Description

White truffle looks like potato tubers, and not at all like an ordinary mushroom. It does not have a cap or a leg, and it itself is in the ground, from where it still needs to be dug out.

Fruiting body

The fruit bodies of the white truffle are irregular in shape, slightly rounded. This form fruiting body called apothecia. In truffles, the apothecium is secondary closed. The surface is almost smooth. The white truffle grows up to 12 cm at its widest part; there are also small specimens from 2 cm. At first, this type of truffle is really white, but as it grows it darkens and also becomes similar to potatoes in color (it turns brown or brown).

Spore-bearing layer

The spore-bearing layer of the white truffle is represented by the hymenium, which covers its entire internal surface, forming “bags” with spores.

Pulp

The flesh of a white truffle looks like a raw potato with veins. The cooked truffle looks a little like meat with a distinct taste and smell of roasted sunflower seeds walnuts. Overripe truffles acquire an unpleasant smell of rotting wood. Raw mushrooms This species also smells quite strongly, but pleasantly. It is by smell that truffles are detected by cows and other animals.

Controversy

White truffle spores are round, large and surrounded by spines Brown. In this type of mushroom they are stored in a bag (ask). Each bag contains 8 spores.

Spreading

The white truffle prefers to grow next to oaks, birches, as well as pine, spruce and some other coniferous trees. Distributed in Russia, almost all European countries and the northern states of the USA. But at the same time, in a number of countries it is included in the Red Books as rare species or a species on the verge of extinction.

Truffles grow from late summer until the very end of autumn.

Similar species

There are several related species similar to the white truffle. However, none of them grow in Russia:

• Choriomyces magnusii

Grows in the warm climate of southern Europe. In Spain it is considered a delicacy. It is distinguished by small fruiting bodies; the spores are covered not with thorns, but with warty growths.

• Tuber magnatum (Italian truffle, Piedmontese)

It has a yellow surface color and is always completely covered with soil. Slightly different smell and taste. They grow in Italy and adjacent parts of France.

1- Choriomyces magnusii 2- Tuber magnatum

• Terfesia arenaria (sand truffle)

• Terfesia leptoderma (soft-bodied truffle)

The shape is more spherical and smooth. Edible, there is information that fans eat them raw.

1- Terfesia arenaria (sand truffle) 2- Terfesia leptoderma (soft-bodied truffle)

There are no poisonous mushrooms among the listed varieties.

Edibility

White truffle – edible mushroom 4 categories of nutritional value. Truffle can be used to make sauces, seasonings and butter (this is regular butter with truffle added). If black truffles are preheated (for example, in the oven) to enhance the aroma, then white truffles are eaten raw and without heating.

You can store truffles for some time in dry, dark storage rooms, but it is important not to clean them from the soil. But a more reliable way is preservation in vegetable oil (usually olive oil).

Here are a few interesting facts about white truffle:

• if you soak a raw truffle in water for some time, the latter tastes indistinguishable from soy sauce;
• Despite their exotic appearance and reputation as a delicacy, truffles in their own way chemical composition indistinguishable from other mushrooms;
• White truffles in Russia are called “cow’s bread”, because during grazing cows and other animals detect the truffle by smell, tear up the ground above it and eat it top part mushroom.

White truffles have a unique aroma that animals smell very well. But some people are not sensitive to this smell at all. Another portion of people perceive the truffle aroma as disgusting, reminiscent of the smell of old urine or sweat.

Truffle (Latin - Tuber) is a unique edible mushroom represented by the Truffle genus of the order Peziziales. It has an original appearance and unusual taste. Therefore, many will be able to appreciate it.

Description

The fruiting bodies are round or tuberous in shape. They can reach from 2.5 to 10 cm. Their surface is dark in color - they have a blue-black or brownish-black tint. There are often warts on the surface, however, truffles with a smooth surface can also be found.
The truffle pulp is dense. And when the marsupial mushroom reaches maturity, it becomes loose. It may be whitish and, as it ages, take on a yellow-brown hue. The cut has veins that give the mushroom a marbled color. The taste of truffle pulp is sweet, it vaguely resembles a nut. The aroma of the mushroom is pleasant, it is very similar to the smell of algae.

Varieties of truffles

Truffle mushrooms come in the following types:

Summer. It can be found in central Europe and Russia. He is often called the “black Russian”. It is not of great value. Grows in summer and September.

Ginger. This mushroom grows in the area North America and Europe. It can also be found in Siberia.

White truffle mushroom. It is quite easy to find in the northern regions of Italy, as well as in France. It is also called "Italian". The surface of such a truffle is brown, it has light color. The inside of the mushroom is dense and whitish – it also has a marble pattern. This species is collected in October.

Black truffle mushroom. This mushroom is the most valuable among truffles. It grows in France. Its color is reddish-brown and the flesh is dark. It has a pleasant smell and taste. This truffle grows in winter and is collected from January to March.

Winter truffle. Grows in France and Switzerland. It is also rarely found on the territory of Ukraine. The ripening period of this species is from November to March.

Where does it grow?

Truffle is an underground mushroom. It can often be found at shallow depths. And old truffles may appear on the surface. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, loves calcareous soil. Truffles are often found under the roots of oaks, birches, hornbeams, and beeches.
This species has become widespread in Central Europe. In Russia it can be found in the Caucasus.

Who helps you look for truffles? The search for such mushrooms is often carried out by specially trained dogs and pigs. Yellow flies often fly over truffle growing areas.

Truffle mushroom can be stored for no more than 2-4 days after collection, which is why you can buy fresh truffles only during the collection period. Such mushrooms cannot be bought in ordinary supermarkets. They can be purchased in special departments and directly from suppliers.
Most often, truffles are purchased in small quantities for restaurants. For longer storage, they can be canned or frozen. Truffles are transported in special containers that are immersed in olive oil.

What is the value of truffles?

It is believed that growing such expensive mushrooms is not so simple, which is why the price of such a product is at high level. The cost of 1 kg of quality truffles is around 400 euros. This delicacy is not available to every person.

Main characteristics

TO characteristic features truffles include:
This trib is a real delicacy.
They have a mushroom taste, mixed with the taste of seeds and nuts. Truffle dipped in water is very similar to soy sauce.
Truffle has a strong, characteristic odor.

Chemical composition

When consuming truffle mushrooms, each person receives:
Vitamins B1, B2, C, PP.
Squirrels.
Carbohydrates.
Pheromones.
Minerals.
Antioxidants.
Alimentary fiber.

Beneficial features

TO beneficial properties truffle mushrooms include the following:
The presence of pheromones that are part of mushrooms. They have an impact on emotional condition person.
This variety has a large amount of antioxidants.
Truffle juice can cure eye disease.
A person suffering from gout will get many benefits by consuming truffles.

Harm

Like other types of mushrooms, truffles can cause harm to the body. This can happen when:
Individual intolerance.
Having digestive problems.

Applications of truffles

The most widespread truffles were obtained in cooking. The following information will be useful for every housewife:
When preparing a truffle dish, one serving should contain from 5 to 8 grams of mushrooms. Weighing is carried out very carefully.
Often truffle is a simple addition to the main dish. The mushroom is cut on a grater.
It goes well with foods that do not have a pronounced taste.
In French cooking, truffles are combined with eggs, poultry, fruit and lobsters.
The mushroom can be served in its pure form. But in order to give it even more flavor, it is worth serving it with wine or cream sauce.
Small truffles are often used as a filling for pies. They are also used to create truffle sauce.
Snails are decorated with slices of truffles, black caviar and other exotic dishes.

Many people have heard about this amazing mushroom. We know that this mushroom grows somewhere underground, and without the help of four-legged helpers (pigs or dogs) it is almost impossible to find it. Perhaps this is where our knowledge ends. But what is a truffle? What types are there? Why is he so good?

A little information about truffles

Types of truffles native to Europe

The following types of truffles are found in European countries:

By the way, truffles can be grown, although not in the same way as, for example, champignons. Back in the 19th century, it was noticed that if acorns from an oak tree under which truffles grow are planted in the ground, then these mushroom delicacies will also grow under the roots of the new tree. In France, where they know well what a truffle is, at one time 750 km 2 were planted with such groves, from which they managed to harvest 1000 tons of these delicacies. Unfortunately, this process is very lengthy. It takes about 30 years to obtain a full harvest, after which the number of truffles collected drops sharply.

Most Russians are accustomed to calling chocolate candies with a characteristic tart taste truffles. However, these candies got their name due to their external resemblance to unusual mushrooms. The latter are considered expensive and are especially appreciated by gourmets. When searching for a delicacy, difficulties often arise because it grows at a depth of 15 cm. If you are interested in the question of where real expensive truffles grow in Russia, then you need to figure out what climatic conditions are suitable for them.

What is a truffle

Truffles belong to the fungi of the marsupial genus, which have underground tuberous fleshy fruiting bodies. Unsightly appearance does not match their excellent taste and aroma. Once you try the delicacy, you will remember it for the rest of your life. He smells autumn forest: fallen leaves, earth, wet trees. Fresh truffles have a very strong aroma. Even if cooking is not your hobby, making truffles is easy.

The mushroom is located underground between the roots of beech, hornbeam, oak, birch, poplar, elm, linden, rowan, hawthorn and other trees. As it develops, it pulls everything vital from its roots. important elements without causing any harm to the tree. Truffles love deciduous, mixed forests, soil with lime. Ripening time is from late summer to late autumn. The standard size of mushrooms is 10-15 cm, their weight is up to 500 g. Plants are found in the Volga region, Moscow, Oryol, Vladimir, Samara, Leningrad regions, the Caucasus and the shores of the Black Sea.

What does a truffle mushroom look like?

The fruiting bodies are round, tuberous in shape and have a fleshy, cartilaginous consistency. If we talk about size, it varies from a hazelnut to a potato tuber. On the outside, the fruiting bodies have a leathery layer called the peridium. It can be smooth, cracked, or covered with large polyhedral warts. If you cut the fruiting body, the tissue pattern will resemble marble. The shiny truffle inside has alternating light and dark veins: the light ones are called “internal veins”, the dark ones are called “external veins”.

Why truffle is the most expensive mushroom in the world

Truffles are called royal mushrooms - one of the most expensive. You can find sellers offering a kilo for over $4,000. The value of the product is explained by its rarity, unsurpassed taste and aroma. French and Italian have become famous throughout the world. There are two truffle capitals: Grignan and Aqualagna: the fruits are harvested here practically all year round: in autumn - white, in winter - black, in spring - banchetto, in summer - black summer.

White fruits are exquisite. They cannot be bred; they grow in very limited areas. For example, in Piedmont mushrooms are found only in Langhe, sometimes found in Monferrato, Roero, around Turin. The high price of such products is due to high demand and low supply. They differ in seasonality; they are on sale from October to January (the price depends on the variety). The most expensive delicacy is white. One day, a product weighing 1.2 kg was put up and sold at an Italian auction, its price was 95,000 euros.

Do truffles grow in Russia?

Russian truffle is called black summer mushroom– Tuber aestivum (from Latin). They reach a diameter of 10 cm, weight is 400 g. Age is determined by the pulp: its color is whitish, yellow-brown, gray-brown. As the fruiting body ripens, its consistency changes: in young mushrooms it is dense, in old mushrooms it is loose. The taste of truffle is slightly sweet, the aroma is reminiscent of hazelnuts and seaweed. The delicacy is found in Europe, the western part of Russia, under pine, hazel, and oak trees. The fruits can be found from June to October.

Summer black (Tuber aestivum)

This type of fruit is usually called Saint-Jean, scorzone, edible, Burgundy. The ripening period lasts all summer and ends in late autumn. The northern regions of Russia are distinguished by a different fruiting time - from mid-summer to November. Tuber aestivum is found at a depth of 3-15 cm. The fruits are located in groups or singly, form mycorrhiza with beeches, oaks, hornbeams, and are rarely located near birches and pines. They are often found in the southwest of Russia, on the Black Sea coast.

Winter black

The fruit is covered with warts 2-3 cm in size, its diameter reaches 20 cm. The fresh fruit has a reddish-violet tint on the outside, after harvesting the color darkens and becomes black. The truffle pulp is white, then turns gray and becomes gray-violet with many white, yellowish veins. The weight of such a fruit can be more than a kilogram. It often grows in Ukrainian, French, and Italian lands. Ideal places for plants - birch, oak groves, beech forests. Active fruiting - from November to March. The truffle aroma is reminiscent of musk.

White truffle

The price of the product is significantly higher than previous ones. Resembles Jerusalem artichoke tubers measuring 5-15 cm. Weight can be more than 1.5 kg. If you go for mature truffles, keep in mind that the surface of the mushroom is felt, while in young specimens it is smooth. When ripe, pits and protrusions appear on the outside, the color becomes light brown, yellowish. The pulp is white, in older fruits it is grayish with yellowish veins. The mushrooms have a nutty aroma. The older the fruit, the stronger the smell. “Tubers” are found in Vladimir, Smolensk, and Kuibyshev forests from late July to early November.

Where does truffle grow in Russia?

If you are interested in where truffles grow in Russia, then go to the Volga region, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Oryol, Samara, Leningrad region countries. Maturation period - everything autumn months, fruiting time is late autumn - early winter. Fruit small size– about 15 cm have a mass of up to 500 g, grow at a depth of 10-15 cm.

The black variety is considered a summer delicacy. It is found in the Caucasus, on Black Sea coast, in the Moscow and Vladimir regions. Black specimens like to develop in deciduous and mixed forests with limestone soil, near the roots of oak, beech, hornbeam, and hazel. The diameter of white fruits is up to 10 cm. Ripening and fruiting time is early summer - late autumn.

european part of Russia

Both black (Russian) and white (Polish) fruits are found. The first variety breeds on Podolsk, Belgorod, Tver, Leningrad soil. The Voronezh forest is famous for its large number of delicacies. Near St. Petersburg, black mushrooms are rare, but white variety grows on Oryol and Tula lands. Remember that the warmer the climate, the greater the likelihood of finding a treat.

Caucasus and Crimea

These areas are known for their mild climate: there is everything for the active growth of the delicacy. There are many oak and beech groves concentrated here, which is favorable for the development of mushrooms. Large quantities are found on the Crimean land (steppe regions), the Northern and Western Caucasus, and in North Ossetia - Alania. It is worth highlighting Anapa, Gelendzhik, the village of Abrau-Durso, Western Caucasus: Adagum-Pshishsky district.

Delicacy mushrooms in Siberia

Many people, wondering where real expensive white truffles grow in Russia, do not suspect that the delicacy can grow on Siberian soil. The delicacy was first discovered in these places in the 19th century. The fruits grow both singly and in groups; they like to be located in deciduous and coniferous forests. Many porcini mushrooms are found on Tomsk soil. IN Lately residents of the region began to collect fruits in kilograms, which is explained by favorable climatic conditions and active fruiting.

How to look for truffles

To find a truffle in the forest, you need to have special knowledge. They are found near tree roots: often found near oak trees. Try to look for fruits not in clearings. Based on practice, such areas are not distinguished by a large number of mushrooms. It is desirable to have black soil with high humidity. Before you go searching, consider the following:

• Examine the fruits in advance, live or in photographs.
• Prepare to search for animals: specially trained pigs or dogs are suitable.

To " silent hunt"was successful, focus on some features of the area. The rules for mushroom picking are as follows:

• The “truffle” region, where the delicacy is located, is distinguished by stunted vegetation and gray-ashy soil.
• Mushrooms rarely appear on the soil surface (sometimes this happens due to strong wind or heavy rains), so look for them in the ground at a depth of 10-15 cm.
• Pay attention to the tubercles, they should be dug out.
• Midges often circle over a place with mushrooms: the larvae feed on mushrooms, so the insects lay eggs nearby.

Features of growth

A favorable place for the development of truffles is a large number of tree roots and loose soil with plenty of sand and lime. Experienced mushroom pickers say that if you find one specimen, then you need to continue looking for several more nearby. Typically, you can find about 5 pieces. Often truffle develops in families, rarely - alone.

Searching for truffles in the forest

People have been collecting unusual mushrooms for many years. It is important to consider that there are false and real mushroom. To return home with the desired loot, it is important to follow special technology:

• Go to the forest where there are beeches, birches, oaks, and hazels.
• Look for fruits near trees with large roots.
• If the search is carried out with the help of pigs, then they should be muzzled, because the animals really love to feast on mushrooms.
• Keep in mind the type of plant: its surface is rough, the flesh has a hard structure. The fruits resemble potato tubers in black or white shades.

Truffle hunting animals

Mushrooms have a very strong odor, which animals can easily detect even from a distance. For this reason, experienced mushroom pickers prefer to keep specially trained dogs or pigs. The latter are able to smell at a distance of 25 meters. Once the aroma is determined, the pig will actively dig for the delicacy. If there is no muzzle, then you need to make sure that the pig does not eat what you find.

As for dogs, they are indifferent to eating treats, so it is not necessary to put on a muzzle before searching. Before using these four-legged “sleuths,” it will take a long time to teach the rules of searching for mushrooms. The dog needs to be trained to smell. If you are planning to buy a trained dog, keep in mind that it costs more than 5,000 euros.

Growing truffles at home

The delicacy is grown at home. If you take into account the recommendations listed above, you will eventually get a great treat:

1. It is first necessary to create a suitable microclimate, which should be the same in summer and winter. The mushroom does not like temperature changes.
2. Start purchasing trees: oak, walnut, beech. The roots of the trees must be infected with truffle mycelium. The price of the version with disputes is 10-15 dollars.
3. Choose places to plant trees: they should be protected from direct sun rays, wind, animals.
4. Pay attention to the soil, it should be alkaline. If necessary, add lime to the soil.
5. Do not use any fertilizers before planting trees because they may negatively affect the development of spores.
6. Plant purchased trees only after cultivating and preparing the soil. It is advisable to do this in early spring when the weather outside is stable.
7. Plant the tree in a 75 cm hole: pour water and only then place the plant in it.
8. When planting, try not to damage the root system of the tree. Cover them with soil very carefully, then water them generously.
9. Sprinkle mulch around the root system of the tree at a distance of 30-40 cm: use oak leaves from last year.
10. The plants are covered with greenhouse film.
11. To feed trees, use special ready-made fertilizers (how to use them is indicated on the packages).

who has ever eaten too much truffles - mushrooms and what do they taste like? and got the best answer

Answer from Vladimir Volkov[expert]
It’s difficult to get enough food - it’s very expensive. And they say the taste is original, but I like champignons

Answer from Maya Bee2[guru]

Answer from Ptenchik 777[guru]

Answer from JessyBri[guru]

Answer from Tatyana Egorovskaya[guru]

Answer from Grigory Spichak[guru]

Answer from Elena Chistyakova[active]

Answer from Artur Basyrov[newbie]
I was once in Paris at a training camp, basically I met my mom alone, she treated me to a truffle with vegetables, I was just crazy, I can’t find another word, it’s just something with something, the dish is very expensive, about 100 euros + a glass of wine, well in general, real truffles are not so easy to get, they grow exclusively underground, in many restaurants they make truffles (a false delicacy), so to speak, that’s not at all the same, you need to be able to prepare them competently and they can be cheated very easily, I’ve been to St. Petersburg, went to a very good restaurant, ordered truffles, well, it was such a mess, just crap, in general, you need a chef with a Michelin star and a real truffle! Be sure to try it!

Answer from Maya Bee2[guru]
why did you overeat? you won't get caught up in them. It's like hot peppers. You just can't eat it. garlic taste and stinks of garlic. I don't understand truffles. gross... that's my opinion. just fashion and throw. stinks. just a tribute to fashion. because it's hard to find. and nothing special. believe me. G...

Answer from Ptenchik 777[guru]
Only perverts can overeat such expensive delicacies. And even then, more for show off...
And so mushrooms are like mushrooms... For me, our honey mushrooms are better, and our native white one!! ! what can compare? And fried chanterelles with potatoes?? ? Mmmm...

Answer from JessyBri[guru]
IMHO - tasteless. I tried it once without even knowing that these were the same truffles. If I had known in advance, the disappointment would have been much greater - no taste, no smell (or rather, they kind of exist, but they’re kind of creepy). Like most delicacies, it’s a matter of taste and show off

Answer from Tatyana Egorovskaya[guru]
It’s definitely written that trbfel is more of a seasoning.
The taste cannot be described in words. The authors of the previous answers apparently tasted stale... or improperly prepared.
In fact, the product is not for everyone. Personally, I liked the black truffle more, and the taste and smell of the white one seem too intrusive.
Truffles are used to flavor sauces and meat dishes, and they are infused with olive oil.
That is, they are not fried like white ones, and not salted like saffron milk caps.
One small spoon of truffle pate is enough to flavor several servings of spaghetti.
In general, if the opportunity arises, try it.

Answer from Grigory Spichak[guru]
Truffles have a nut-like taste... the old Truffle candies vaguely had this taste... And then they started calling the candies truffles because of their shape... in short, it gives off a sort of hazelnut flavor...

Answer from Elena Chistyakova[active]
Truffles enhance the taste of a dish; wherever you add it, everything immediately seems incredibly tasty. Parmesan cheese or soy sauce (real) have a similar quality.
The smell is pungent. Mushrooms-nuts-parmesan.