Specially protected components of the nature of Sakhalin. Reserves of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Currently, there are two nature reserves Kurilsky and Poronaisky, as well as 12 reserves in the region, including Nogliksky, Aleksandrovsky, Kraternaya Bay, Izyubrovy, Krasnogorsky, Ostrovnoy, Makarovsky, Severny, Tundrovy, Lesser Kuriles, Moneron Island, Dobretskoye Lake, 57 monuments nature.
Kuril Reserve
The Kuril Reserve is located on the island of Kunashir and the small islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge; V Sakhalin region. Founded in 1984, area 65.4 thousand hectares. The relief of the reserve is diverse, the islands are the tops of an underwater ridge. Active volcanic activity is manifested in the territory: thermal springs, outlets of hot gases. Lots of dormant volcanoes. On the island of Kunashir there is Tyatya volcano (1819 m), the cone of which is remarkable for its remarkable regularity of shape. Monuments of the Ainu and Okhotsk cultures of the Neolithic era have been preserved in the reserve. The climate is monsoonal, relatively mild.
Most of the Kuril Reserve is covered deciduous forests from Sakhalin velvet, oak, ash, wild magnolia, elm. There are also spruce-fir, coniferous-broad-leaved forests; in the dense undergrowth, bizarre interweaving of ferns and lianas (actinidia, lemongrass, Cogne grapes) is characteristic. On the edges of the forest, thickets of Kuril bamboo, tall grasses up to 4 m tall (thickets of hogweed) are common. About 800 species of higher vascular plants are registered in the reserve. Animal world rich - 22 species of mammals, 223 species of birds (122 species are nesting). On the territory of the reserve there are rookeries of sea lions, seals (seed seals, antura). Of the rare animals, there is a sea otter (Kamchatka beaver). From rare birds- Steller's sea eagle and white-tailed eagle, fish eagle (island population), Japanese crane. Salmon spawn in the rivers of the Kuril Reserve.
Poronaysky Reserve
The Poronaysky Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of Sakhalin Island, near Terpeniya Bay and on the Terpeniya Peninsula, in the Poronaysky District of the Sakhalin Region of Russia. The reserve was founded in 1988, covers an area of more than 56.7 thousand hectares, consists of two sections - Nevsky and Vladimirsky. The reserve is dominated by mountain taiga forests of Ayan spruce and Sakhalin fir, larch forests. Representatives of the Okhotsk, Manchurian, North Japanese and North American fauna (over 200 species) and flora (over 400 species) gathered here. Along the shores of the bay and on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, there are passageways for waterfowl.
The fauna of the Poronaysky Reserve is represented by 34 species of mammals, 192 species of birds (92 species of nesting birds), 3 species of amphibians, 2 species of reptiles. The reserve is inhabited by: reindeer, sable, otter, Brown bear. Colonial sea birds nest on coastal rocks: slender-billed murre, black-tailed gull, spectacled guillemot, great and little auklets, old man, white belly. On Cape Patience there is a large bird market. Sakhalin musk deer, Aleutian tern, mandarin duck, white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, osprey, wild grouse, peregrine falcon living in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Kraternaya (bay)
Bay in the southern part of the island. Kraternaya Bay - a small bay on south coast Yankich Islands (Ushishir Islands). The entrance to the bay is located between Cape Kraterny and Kolpak rock. Open to the south, protrudes into the island for 1 km. The width of the entrance to the bay is about 300 m. The depth is up to 56 m. The area of the bay is about 0.7 sq. m. km. On the shore of the bay is the volcano Ushishir (388 m), on the slopes of which taiga vegetation grows, descending directly to the water of the bay without forming a beach. The entrance to the bay, unlike the bay itself, is shallow. In the center of the bay there are two small islands (37 and 72 m high). The coast of the bay, like the entire island of Yankich, is not inhabited. The height of the tide in the bay is 1.8 m. The flora and fauna of the bay is isolated from surrounding nature. At the bottom of the bay are found sea urchins. 6 new species of living creatures were discovered in the bay. In 1988 Kraternaya Bay became a biological reserve.
Moneron Island
Moneron is an island in the Tatar Strait, 43 kilometers off the southwestern coast of Sakhalin. The area of the island is about 30 sq. km. The length from south to north is 7.15 km, width 4 km. The length of the coastline is about 24 km. The eastern and western shores are rocky and steep (up to 200 m). An island of volcanic origin, the highest point is Mount Staritsky (439.3 m). Around the island there are small rocky islets - Pyramidal, Red, Eastern, etc. The climate is monsoonal, big influence The warm Tsushima Current influences the climate. The largest watercourses are the Usova River (2.5 km long) and the Moneron River (1.5 km long). A number of waterfalls. Forest cover 20% (mainly birch and alder).
There are nesting colonies sea birds living mainly not on the island itself, but on the islets and rocks surrounding it, which is associated with the penetration of the island predatory mammals(fox, sable). The largest number have black-tailed gull and puffin rhinoceros. Also inhabited by northern storm-petrel, Ussuri cormorant, Bering cormorant, Pacific sea gull and others. In some parts of the coast, rookeries of sea lions and seals are arranged. The influence of the warm Tsushima current causes the existence in the waters around the island of subtropical species of mollusks (for example, galiotis), rare-spined sea urchins, and multi-beam starfish.
Reserve Nogliksky
The state natural biological reserve of regional significance “Nogliksky”, located in the Nogliksky district, was established in 1998. The area of the reserve is 65,800 hectares. A reserve was established in order to preserve natural ecosystems in the area inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the North, protect the wild grouse population listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, and restore the number of wild reindeer and other economically, scientifically and culturally valuable species of animals and plants. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sakhalin and Hunting Administration. The main features of nature: larch forests with lichen cover. Geographical position: upper and middle reaches of the Nysh, Karpyn, Dagi river basins.
Modern man looks at the world through a screen. It's kind of an average estimate. Agree, not everyone has the means to travel. And the world is so amazing! So we are studying it through a computer, since now it's easy. However, is it possible in this way to feel the thrill in the soul, which necessarily arises from the contemplation of the stunning corners of the planet? Take, for example, the Kuril Reserve. Whoever was there will confirm: no films or photographs will reflect the magical essence of this extraordinary place.
Location and climate
The Kuril Reserve occupies a considerable area (65,365 ha).
It consists of three islands. These are Kunashir, Demina and Shards. The first of them belongs to the Great Kuril Ridge and is the largest in area. The islands are the product of volcanic activity. The terrain here is mountainous, there are rivers and lakes. The Kuril Reserve is famous for its mineral springs. Interestingly, they all differ in chemical composition, temperature regime. The most famous are the Tretyakov, Alekhinsky and Golovninsky. Since the Kuril Islands are formed by volcanic activity, the relief is mountainous. The rivers here are small, no more than twenty kilometers. Most of them are spawning. The largest is Tyatina (Kunashir). It flows directly along the Dokuchaev volcanic ridge. This part of the reserve is mountainous. And to the north it becomes hilly. The largest in the reserve is also located there. Such an almost clerical description, of course, does not convey the magnificence of this place. We add that the climate here is very mild. Winter does not scare with frost, and summer - with heat. The only factor that is sure not to please a person is the monsoons. Winds and hurricanes the Kuril Reserve endures steadfastly, responding only with a slight rise in water in the rivers.
A bit of history
Already from the dry description given above, it is clear that the Kuril Islands are the richest region. You haven't read about the flora and fauna yet! How did he survive among the storms and troubles that have befallen Russia in recent centuries?
There were people who didn't care. Work on the creation of a protected area began in 1947. Many prominent scientists spoke about the need to protect this original, magical place from destruction. The project of the reserve was created in 1975. Moreover, this event took place after the signing of an agreement with Japan on the protection of nesting sites and habitats of migratory birds. Further, the territory of the buffer zone expanded. In its present form, it was formed in 1984. And, remarkably, the subsequent devastation in Russia in the nineties did not negative impact to these territories. The reserve has been saved!
Nature
Reserves, as you know, are different. The purpose of their creation is the same - to preserve the originality of a corner of magnificent nature. So that the activities of greedy humanity are not reflected in the wealth created long before our appearance in this world. The Kuril Islands have something to be proud of and something to protect. Mostly the area is wooded. For the most part, conifers grow. But how surprising among the cedars and firs to see quite a tropical creeper! This is just a miracle. Scientists have calculated that hardwood only ten percent in the reserve. But they are so peculiarly woven into the taiga landscapes that they make this area uniquely beautiful. And in the forest clearings, the bamboo plant takes up space from the trees, forming impenetrable thickets. The grasses in the lowlands reach a height of four to five meters. Where else have you seen this? Kunashir is not associated with it. Because of this, very rare plant species have been preserved on its hills and mountains. Here the so-called vertical zonality can be traced. That is, the nature of the vegetation changes as you move up the mountains. If you go from the coast, then broad-leaved and coniferous forests are replaced at first by fir, then by stone birch forests, then by dwarf pine. There is something to admire, dying in admiration.
Fauna
It seems that the region cut off from the mainland cannot be densely populated. However, this is a mistake. Let's not list the numbers. It should only be noted that the animal has not yet been fully studied! Science has long been confident in the similarity, for example, of insects in the Kuriles with species that live in Japan. Only in last years it turned out that there are also their own endemics. Today there are 37 of them. They are widely represented in the reserve. sea shellfish. They are found along the coast and in lakes. That is, presented freshwater species. Pearl mollusks are listed in the Red Book.
Kunashir is also proud of its salmon. The largest pink salmon in the entire Far East spawns here, and the Kuril chum salmon is the world leader in size. Amphibian lovers also have something to see. Three species of frogs live in Kunashir. There are also unusual reptiles here. For example, only in the reserve you can meet the Far Eastern skink (lizard). This species does not live anywhere else in Russia.
Birds and mammals
Birds of the reserve - a special conversation. The fact is that the Kuril Islands are important on a planetary scale. They are a resting place. Hundreds of thousands of feathered travelers find shelter and food here. Without this corner, the planet would lose many rare species. Let's take a look at some statistics. In total, 278 species of birds can be found in the reserve, and 125 species live permanently. When winter comes to the Southern Hemisphere, birds fly to the local shores. For example, loons and cormorants, swans and puffin rhinos are found here. Only ornithologists will understand this multi-colored and loud world. We add that the protection of the reserve is truly planetary significance. The islands are a significant point on the map of the feathered world. Should add a few amazing facts. Do you know that there are fisher owls? This rare species nests in the reserve. Even here you can also meet those considered to be endangered. Among large animals, sable, chipmunk, weasel and even mink should be indicated. These animals breed safely in Kunashir.
The significance of the reserve
Even from a short text it is already clear that this world is unique. People are trying to understand what kind of reserves there are, what is interesting in them, what to admire. In fact, not only natural beauties and rare animals are important. The wisdom and work of those who take care of these incredible corners of pristine nature, thereby allowing the planet to survive, despite the activities of mankind, should be appreciated.
This Law is developed in accordance with the Constitution Russian Federation, federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Charter of the Sakhalin Region and other regulatory legal acts of the Sakhalin Region.
This Law regulates relations in the field of organization, protection and use of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin Region.
The law is aimed at preserving unique, typical and positively affecting natural complexes, objects of flora and fauna, natural landmarks, studying natural processes in the biosphere, monitoring changes in its state, environmental education and education of the population of the Sakhalin region.
SECTION I. General Provisions
Article 1. Categories and types of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin Region
1. Taking into account the peculiarities of the regime of specially protected natural territories and the status of nature protection institutions located on them, the following categories of these territories are distinguished in the Sakhalin Region:
a) state natural reserves;
b) national parks;
V) natural parks;
d) state nature reserves;
e) on-farm, hunting and forestry reserves;
f) monuments of nature;
and) dendrological parks and botanical gardens;
h) security zones;
i) health-improving areas and resorts.
2. Research stations may be declared objects of specially protected natural areas of local importance in the Sakhalin Region.
3. The Sakhalin Oblast Administration and local governments, within their powers, may establish other categories of specially protected natural areas: areas where green areas are located, urban forests, city parks, protected coastlines, protected river systems, biological stations, micro-reserves.
Article 2. Subjects of relations regulated by this Law
The subjects of relations regulated by this Law are:
a) organs state power Sakhalin Oblast: Sakhalin Oblast Duma and Administration of the Sakhalin Oblast;
b) local self-government bodies of municipalities of the Sakhalin Region;
c) legal entities and citizens.
Article 3. Attribution of specially protected natural territories to forms of ownership
1. Natural parks are specially protected natural areas regional significance. They belong to the property of the Sakhalin Region and are under the jurisdiction of the state authorities of the Sakhalin Region.
2. Reserves, natural monuments, dendrological parks, botanical gardens, medical and recreational areas and resorts can be classified as specially protected natural areas of federal or regional significance.
3. Specially protected natural territories of local importance, located on the lands of municipal formations, shall be treated as municipal property.
SECTION II. Powers of state authorities of the Sakhalin region, local authorities in the field of organization, protection and use of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin region
Article 4
1. Adopts laws, regulations regulating relations in the creation, organization, protection and use of specially protected natural areas of regional and local significance, makes changes and additions to them.
2. In the process of reviewing and approving the regional budget submitted by the Governor of the Sakhalin Region, determines the amount of funding for measures to develop specially protected natural areas.
3. In accordance with the legislation establishes tax benefits for legal entities engaged in the management, study, protection, maintenance of specially protected natural areas.
4. In accordance with the legislation, establishes tax benefits for owners, owners, users of land plots within the boundaries of specially protected natural areas that have restrictions on their use in connection with the observance of the regime for the protection of specially protected natural areas.
5. Approves regional programs for the development of the system of specially protected natural areas and certain categories specially protected natural areas.
6. Exercises other powers in the field of creation, organization, protection, use of specially protected natural areas in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Sakhalin Region.
Article 5
1. Within its competence, decides on the assignment of specially protected natural areas to objects federal property. Makes proposals to the Government of the Russian Federation on changing the boundaries, on changing the status of specially protected natural areas of federal and regional significance.
2. Decides on the creation of specially protected natural areas of regional significance.
3. Carries out management of specially protected natural areas of regional significance, controls compliance with the established environmental regime.
4. Takes decisions on reserving land plots for planned specially protected natural areas and on limiting economic activity on them.
5. Maintains the state cadastre of specially protected natural areas of regional significance.
6. Prohibits the construction of environmentally harmful facilities, makes decisions to limit, suspend, terminate the activities of facilities that do not meet the requirements of environmental legislation, on specially protected natural areas.
7. Develops and ensures the implementation of programs for the development of specially protected natural areas.
8. Carries out, within its competence, in accordance with the established procedure, foreign economic activity aimed at attracting investments for the development of a system of specially protected natural areas and rational use their natural resources.
9. Exercises other powers in the field of organization, protection, use of specially protected natural areas, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Sakhalin region.
Article 6. Powers of local self-government bodies
1. Participate in accordance with the law in agreeing on the creation of specially protected natural areas of regional significance on their territory.
2. Submit proposals to the administration of the Sakhalin Region on the recognition of the territory as a medical and health-improving locality or a resort of local significance.
3. Make proposals to the administration of the Sakhalin Region on changing the status of local specially protected natural areas, on changing the boundaries of local specially protected natural areas and giving them the status of regional ones.
4. Carry out management of specially protected natural territories of local importance, exercise control in the field of their organization and functioning.
5. Provide funding for the creation and operation of specially protected natural areas of local importance.
6. Maintain the state cadastre for specially protected natural areas of local importance.
7. Exercise other powers in accordance with the law.
SECTION III. State control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin Region
Article 7. State control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas
State control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas at the regional level is carried out by the administration of the Sakhalin Region and specially authorized to do so. government bodies Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
SECTION IV. Economic basis for the functioning of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin Region
Article 8. Financing of specially protected natural territories
1. The creation and maintenance of specially protected natural areas of regional significance is financed from the funds of:
a) the regional budget;
b) regional non-budgetary environmental fund Sakhalin region;
c) funds of environmental institutions;
d) other sources of funding not prohibited by law;
2. The creation and maintenance of specially protected natural areas of local importance is financed from the funds of:
a) local budgets;
b) the regional off-budget environmental fund of the Sakhalin region in terms of the costs provided for the implementation of environmental measures of local importance;
c) other sources of funding not prohibited by law.
Article 9. Economic activity in specially protected natural areas
1. Economic activity in specially protected natural areas is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Sakhalin Region and the regime of the corresponding protected area.
2. The administration of specially protected natural areas and legal entities and individuals - users who are in charge of specially protected natural areas, in accordance with the legislation of the Sakhalin Region, have the right to carry out tourism, educational, scientific, advertising, publishing, recreational and other activities, not contradicting the tasks assigned to these territories, in the manner prescribed by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Sakhalin Region.
3. Owners and users of land plots located within the boundaries of specially protected natural territories are obliged to ensure compliance with the regime established for these territories, as well as to protect animal and animal objects in these territories. flora listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Sakhalin Region.
SECTION V. Tasks and regime of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin Region
Article 10. Natural parks
1. Main task natural parks is:
creation of conditions for the use of natural parks for environmental protection, scientific and educational purposes and for the organization of conditions for recreation, including tourism.
2. Natural parks are non-profit organizations.
3. Management of natural parks is carried out by the directorate. The director of the natural park is appointed by the governor of the Sakhalin region based on the results of a competition and is agreed with the territorial body of the federal executive body for protection environment.
4. The regime of protection and nature management on the territory of the natural park and its buffer zone is determined by the Regulation, which is approved by the Governor of the Sakhalin Region, in agreement with the specially authorized state body of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and the relevant local authorities.
5. The protection of natural parks is provided by the park management and is carried out by employees special service parka.
Article 11. State nature reserves
1. State natural reserves of regional significance (hereinafter referred to as "reserves") - territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components. The tasks of the reserves are: the preservation or restoration of natural complexes in their natural state, the preservation of individual components of the natural environment or natural resources.
2. Reserves may be legal entities and are under the jurisdiction of the body that created them.
3. On the territory of state natural reserves, any activity is permanently or temporarily prohibited or restricted if it contradicts the goals of creating a state natural reserve or causes harm to natural complexes and their components.
These types of activities can be:
a) allotment of land plots for all types of economic activity, development, collective gardens, etc.;
b) final felling and other types of forest felling, harvesting of nuts, berries, fruits, seeds, medicinal and technical raw materials and other types of secondary forest use;
c) construction of buildings, structures, roads, pipelines, power lines and other communications;
d) commercial, amateur hunting, egg collection, fishing, prey aquatic biological resources, other types of use of wildlife;
e) collection of zoological, botanical, mineral collections, as well as paleontological samples;
f) plowing of land, the use of pesticides, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, growth stimulants and other chemical, as well as biological agents, damage and destruction of ground cover vegetation;
g) drive and pasture of cattle;
h) any type of pollution of the territory and water area (including industrial emissions and vehicle emissions), changes in the hydrological regime of water bodies included in the territory of the reserve;
i) prospecting, explosive and drilling operations;
j) travel, parking and washing of vehicles, ships and other watercraft;
k) arrangement of tourist sites and camps;
l) other types of economic activity.
4. Features of the regime of a specific state nature reserve, depending on its profile, as well as the significance of the reserve, are determined in the Regulation, which is approved by the administration of the Sakhalin Region (for reserves of regional significance), in agreement with the specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection. environment.
Article 12
1. On-farm, hunting and forestry sanctuaries are created by decisions of the administration of agricultural, forestry, hunting and fisheries enterprises, institutions and organizations on the lands assigned to them, are departmental specially protected natural territories prohibited for hunting. Their territories are important for the conservation and reproduction of certain types of flora and fauna resources, in which enterprises and organizations of the local, hunting, fisheries and other nature users are interested.
2. On-farm, hunting and forest hunting reserves are formed in order to preserve and restore the resources of the animal and plant world, as well as to organize the rational use of these resources. They are formed without withdrawal of land and cannot be legal entities.
3. By decision of the administrations of agricultural, forestry, hunting and fisheries enterprises, institutions and organizations on the territory of on-farm, hunting and forestry reserves, hunting and other types of nature use are limited or completely prohibited.
Article 13. Monuments of nature
1. Natural monuments are intended for use for environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes, as well as for regulated tourism and other activities not prohibited by law, if this activity does not entail a violation of the conservation of natural monuments.
2. The Administration of the Sakhalin Region determines the legal or individual under whose protection the monument of nature is transferred.
3. The features of the regime and the significance of a particular natural monument are reflected in a passport issued by specially authorized bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection. On the proposal of the same authorities, the administration of the Sakhalin Region determines the enterprises, institutions, organizations under the protection of which the natural monument is transferred, as well as officials responsible for its protection and condition.
4. Compliance with the environmental regime of a natural monument is ensured by the owner, owner and user of its territory in accordance with the "Protection obligation".
5. Expenses of owners, owners and users of land plots who have assumed a "Protection obligation" are compensated at the expense of extra-budgetary and budget funds, funds of the regional off-budget environmental fund, as well as tax and other benefits.
Article 14. Dendrological parks and botanical gardens
1. Dendrological parks and botanical gardens are environmental institutions whose tasks include the creation of special collections of plants in order to preserve the diversity and enrichment of the flora, as well as the implementation of scientific, educational and educational activities. The territories of dendrological parks and botanical gardens are intended only to fulfill their direct tasks, while land plots are transferred for perpetual (permanent) use to dendrological parks, botanical gardens, as well as research or educational institutions which manage dendrological parks and botanical gardens.
2. Buildings, structures and premises on the balance sheet of dendrological parks and botanical gardens are not subject to privatization.
3. On the territories of dendrological parks and botanical gardens, any activity that is not related to the fulfillment of their tasks and entails a violation of the safety of floristic objects is prohibited.
Article 15
1. Protected territories of federal and regional significance may have protected zones of the status corresponding to these protected territories with a regulated nature management regime.
2. Protected zones or districts with a regulated regime of economic activity, created on other categories of land and water areas adjacent to specially protected territories in order to protect against adverse anthropogenic impacts, are specially protected natural areas and they are subject to all the rules governing relations on the protection and use of specially protected natural areas.
3. Protected zones are created by the administration of the Sakhalin Region on the proposal of the Directorate of Protected Areas, and in case of its absence - on the proposal of the authorities in charge of this protected area.
Article 16
1. The territory is recognized as a health-improving area or a resort of regional significance by the decision of the administration of the Sakhalin Region in agreement with the specially authorized state body of the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare.
2. The tasks, status and regime of medical and health-improving areas and resorts are determined in the manner established by federal and regional legislation.
Article 17. Reserve territories
1. Particularly valuable territories of the Sakhalin Oblast, which form the main natural resource potential and represent the heritage fund of future generations, secured by guarantees of its safety, can be classified as reserve territories of nature conservation significance. Subsequently, the status of these territories can be changed with the assignment to them of the category of specially protected natural territories.
2. On the reserve territory is limited economic activity in order to prevent irreversible changes in the natural environment.
3. Reserve territories are formed by decision of the administration of the Sakhalin Region. The order of their functioning, the mode of economic activity, protection, liability for violation of the regime, compensation for damage are determined by the Regulations on Reserve Territories approved by the administration of the Sakhalin Region.
SECTION VI. Grounds and procedure for canceling the status of a specially protected natural area of the Sakhalin Region
Article 18. Grounds for cancellation of the status of a specially protected natural area
The status of specially protected natural areas may be canceled on the following grounds:
a) the expiration of the established period of validity of this territory, if its extension is recognized as inappropriate in connection with the fulfillment by the specially protected natural territory of the tasks assigned to it;
b) termination of the existence of a natural complex or natural object as a specially protected natural area as a result of natural or anthropogenic impact.
Article 19. Procedure for canceling the status of a specially protected natural area
1. The status of a specially protected natural area of regional significance is canceled by a resolution of the Governor of the Sakhalin Region upon submission territorial authority federal executive body for environmental protection and in agreement with other specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
2. The status of specially protected natural areas of local importance is canceled by a decree of the Governor of the Sakhalin Region upon the submission of local governments and agreement with the specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
3. The liquidation of environmental institutions is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
SECTION VII. Responsibility for violation of the regime of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin Region
Article 20. Responsibility for violation of the regime of specially protected natural areas
Violation of this Law, the regime of specially protected natural areas or other rules for the protection and use of the natural environment and natural resources in specially protected natural areas entails liability under the legislation of the Russian Federation.
SECTION VIII. Final provisions
Article 21. Entry into force of this Law
This Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.
Governor of the Sakhalin Region I.P. Farkhutdinov
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. October 2, 2000. No. 214.
Newspaper "Gubernskiye Vedomosti", No. 197(1099), 10.10.00.
Parks of the Sakhalin Region: national parks, reserves, nature protection zones of the Sakhalin Region, parks of culture and recreation, city parks, natural parks, history of parks.
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The Sakhalin Region is a place of extraordinary beauty and natural diversity. This is the only region of Russia located on the islands. It includes the islands of Sakhalin, Moneron, Tyuleniy and the ridges Kuril Islands. The nature of the Sakhalin region differs significantly from the typical Russian nature familiar to us. Everything here seems to be bigger and greener, as if time had not touched this corner of the earth. The species diversity of plants and animals is also surprising, some of which are not found anywhere else on the planet. Therefore, it is quite natural that in order to preserve the environment in the Sakhalin Region, a number of national parks and nature reserves.
Currently, there are two nature reserves, twelve nature reserves and several dozen natural monuments on the territory of the Sakhalin Region. Unlike wildlife sanctuaries, in which only some natural objects or certain species of animals, reserves are designed to preserve the integrity of the original natural area. Therefore, any activity is prohibited in the reserves except for observation.
The natural reserve "Kurilsky" has no analogues in the world. It was created for the purpose of observing natural course natural processes typical of the Kuril Islands. Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forests inhabited by the rarest Red Book animals. The Kuril Reserve is rich in unique natural monuments: volcanoes, waterfalls, springs. And besides, there are parking places ancient man, ancient Japanese buildings and about sixty archaeological and ethnographic monuments.
State nature reserve"Small Kuriles" - a structural element of the "Kurilsky" nature reserve - occupies the island part of the Lesser Kuril Ridge and part of the Pacific Ocean. Until now, Russia and Japan are arguing among themselves on the issue of the true belonging of this territory to one state or another. Meanwhile, the natural uniqueness of the "Small Kuriles" is really stunning. No wonder this land, replete with bizarre rocky gorges, indented by hundreds of rivers and streams, was called the territory of God.
The nature of the Sakhalin region differs significantly from the typical Russian nature familiar to us. Everything here seems to be bigger and greener, as if time had not touched this corner of the earth. The species diversity of plants and animals is also surprising, some of which are not found anywhere else on the planet.
The Poronaisky Reserve covers southern part East Sakhalin Mountains and a section of the Tym-Poronai lowland. Here is the largest bird market on Sakhalin Island. The birds here are not afraid of people, as if they know that nothing threatens them in the reserve. Yes, and animals are not shy to take food from their hands. By the way, a few kilometers from the reserve, near the village of Vakhrusheva, there is the Nitui waterfall, amazing in its beauty. Experienced highly recommend to see it.
Of particular value is Moneron Island, where Russia's first marine natural Park with the uncomplicated name "Moneron Island". The nature of the reserve is unique. Most of its territory is covered with so-called vine meadows, where grasses of great height are intertwined with a climbing vine of wild grapes. The height of vegetation in such areas sometimes reaches 2.5 m. In addition to rare birds and mammals, subtropical mollusks, sea urchins and starfish live on the island.
- Where to stay: in the capital of the region, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
- Where to go: the only area in the country, located on 59 islands, is interesting in its entirety. From the main island
water surface and airspace above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance, which are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in whole or in part from economic use and for which a regime of special protection has been established.
Specially protected natural territories are objects of national heritage.
In Russia, the most important legislative act regulating relations in the field of organization, protection and use of protected areas is the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories", adopted by the State Duma on February 15, 1995.
If you look into the history of the protection of some natural objects, then Peter I issued a decree banning the shooting of elk in the St. Petersburg province. However modern system The protected area originates from the creation in the USA of the world's first national park "Yellowstone" (1872). In Russia, the system of protected areas has been formed for more than 80 years. One of the first was the Barguzinsky Reserve, founded on Baikal in 1916. By the end of 1998, this system included 99 reserves, 34 national parks, about 1600 state reserves and more than 8000 natural monuments.
State nature reserve (full reserve) is the most stringent form of territorial nature protection. It represents, firstly, a territory completely withdrawn from economic use, and secondly, research institutions aimed at preserving and studying the natural course of natural processes and phenomena. Only scientific, security and control activities are allowed in the reserve, and in exceptional cases - the organization of educational and ecological routes. Sometimes even the cleaning of fallen and dead trees is prohibited, which violates natural development natural processes.
Of the total number of reserves, biosphere reserves, included in international system biosphere reserves and carrying out global environmental monitoring. In Russia, about 20% of reserves have such an international status, including Prioksko-Terrasny, located not far from Moscow.
In addition to territories that are completely closed to the public, it is also necessary to create territories available for controlled visits. World experience says that the main thing for nature protection now is the education of environmentally literate people, especially the younger generation.
national park- this is a vast territory (from several thousand to several million hectares), including both completely protected areas, and zones intended for recreation, recreation, nearby tourism, promotion of environmental knowledge. One of the famous national parks in Russia is Losiny Ostrov (Moscow).
Reserve- This natural complex designed to preserve some types of natural resources with limited use of others. In areas occupied by wildlife sanctuaries, permanently or temporarily prohibited certain types economic activity. For example, any economic activity leading to disturbance of the landscape is prohibited, but hunting may be allowed. Temporary hunting reserves are often created to preserve and restore the number of any species of animals.
Reserves and natural monuments, although they play a positive role in maintaining the ecological balance, they cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Only systemic natural aggregates can be saved, not individual components.
Monuments of nature- these are separate natural objects that have scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational value. They can be an unusual spring, waterfall, ravine with rare species plants, very old trees that were "witnesses" of any historical events, for example, oaks in the Kolomenskoye estate (Moscow), preserved from the time of Ivan the Terrible.
Depending on the purpose, protected areas may be federally owned and managed, or they may be regional or even municipal property.
Protected Areas of Federal Importance
1. State Natural Reserve "Kurilsky"
2. State Nature Reserve "Poronaisky"
3. Reserve of federal importance "Small Kuriles"
4. Therapeutic area (resort) "Lake Changeable"
5. Sakhalin Botanical Garden
PAs of regional importance
NATURAL PARK
1. Moneron Island
STATE NATURE RESERVES
1. Northern
2. Tundra
3. Alexander
4. Krasnogorsk
5. Makarovsky
6. Red deer
7. Lake Dobretskoe
8. Oriental
9. Nogliksky
10. Kraternaya Bay
11. Island
MONUMENTS OF NATURE
1. Kabarozhye rocks with grottoes
2. Gorge of the Oktyabrsky stream
3. Scattering of agates from the Cape and the Chernaya River
4. Uspenovskie cranberries
5. Anna River
6. Starodub oak forests
7. Waterfall Bear
8. Chaika Bay
9. Structural-denudation remnant "Frog"
10. Lake Tunaicha
11. Busse Lagoon
12. Ozersky spruce forest
13. Cape Giant
14. Korsakov spruce forest
15. Zhdanko Ridge
16. Ammonites of the Pugachevka River
17. Group of Pugachev Mud Volcanoes
18. Population of rock flora
19. Cape Kuznetsov
20. Waterfall on the Nitui River
21. Gull Island
22. Larvo Island
23. Lunsky Bay
24. Dagin thermal springs
25. Wrangel Islands
26. Mount Vaida
27. Krasnogorsk yew forest
28. Tomarinsky Forest
29. Spamberg mountain lakes
30. Lesogorskie term. sources
31. Kostroma cedar forest
32. Cape Slepikovsky
33. Mendeleev volcano
34. Lagoon lake relic forest
35. Phellodendron grove Shikotan
36. Kunashir shrub relic forest
37. South Kuril relict forest
38. Novoaleksandrovsky relict forest
39. South Sakhalin mud volcano
40. Highlands of Mount Chekhov
41. Manchurian walnut grove
42. Population of cardiocrinum (lily) Glen
43. Verkhnebureinsky
Protected Areas of Local Importance
1. Natural monument "Black Rocks"
2. Natural monument "Gorge of Rock"
3. Natural monument "Cape Konakov"
4. Natural monument "Cape Isoya"
5. Monument of nature "Cape Eugene"
6. Natural monument "Bear Ridge"
7. Natural monument "Caldera Urbich"
8. Natural monument "Lion's Mouth Caldera"
9. Monument of nature ""
10. Natural monument "White Rocks"
