The diversity of the nature of the native land. Presentation on the surrounding world "diversity of the nature of the native land" Ready-made project diversity of the nature of the native land
Fauna of the Moscow Region The animal world of the region is rich.
Here you can meet squirrels, beavers, otters, raccoon dogs, hedgehogs, hares
(hares and hare), shrews, foxes, moles, gray and black rats, forest
martens, mice, etc.
Bat – extremely common in the region (more than 10 species
counted by observers)
city from all sides
surrounded by rivers and forests
arrays, there is
quite rich fauna,
which is the most
typical for latitudes
Moscow region.
Found in local rivers
pike, ruffe, roach, bream,
carp and crucian carp More than 170 species of birds are residents
areas. Hosts of woodpeckers,
blackbirds, hazel grouse, bullfinches,
nightingales, lapwings, storks,
seagulls, ducks and other birds
found in Moscow
areas. What can we say about
forty, sparrows, crows and
other common birds
Countless number of insects are full-fledged residents of the region
6 species of reptiles, 11 species of amphibians make the fauna of the region more diverse
Flora of the Moscow region
The nature of the Moscow region is truly beautiful and proudly holdsits strength and power even in conditions of active anthropogenic
impact. It is represented by a scattering of oak forests, coniferous forests,
raised bogs, protected ravines, fields, water meadows, deep
lakes, calm and imposing rivers
Coniferous plants of the Moscow region
PineSpruce
Cedar
Fir
Deciduous trees
MapleOak
Birch
Shrubs of our region
LilacRose hip
Elder
Herbs - have a soft green stem with leaves and flowers. They are almost always lower than trees and bushes
NettleClover
Chamomile
Mushrooms are a kingdom of living nature that combines some characteristics of both plants and animals.
Honey mushroomsButter
Saffron milk caps
Porcini
Champignon Love your native nature -
lakes, forests and fields! After all, this
ours is with you forever
motherland. On it we are
We were born with you, we live with you
with you on it. So let's do it
people, all together, we come to her
be kinder!
Project on the topic “Diversity of Nature” native land»
Goal: get acquainted with the diversity of nature of your native land.
Planned results
Subject
Determine the purpose of the project, work with known information, collect additional material, create ways to solve problems of a creative and exploratory nature.
Metasubject
Setting an educational task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by students and what is still unknown. Search and selection of necessary information, structuring knowledge.
Progress of the lesson
Organizational stage.
Good afternoon and good hour!
I'm so glad to see you!
They looked at each other,
They smiled and sat down.
Warm up.
Let's start our lesson with a warm-up:
Listen and complete the poem:
Look, my dear friend, what is around? The sky is light blue, the sun is shining golden, the wind is playing with leaves, a cloud is floating in the sky.
Field, river and grass, Mountains, air and foliage, Birds, animals and forests, Thunder, fog and dew. Man and the season - It's all around... (nature)
Guessing a rebus.
Guess the rebus: P 1 a
- Well done, right!
Formulate the topic of our lesson? (open on the board Topic “Diversity of the nature of the native land”)
- Yes, today we will continue the conversation about the nature of our native land.
About our wonderful land
There will be a conversation
About a beautiful sweet land,
Where do we all live?
Guys, please remind me what is the name of the region in which you and I live? (Lipetsk region)
The creative name of our project “Natural World of the Lipetsk Region” (open on the board)
Updating previously learned
1) Let's remember what nature is.
Complete the "Nature" cluster.
We will work in groups of 4 people. Let's remember the rules of working in a group.
(One student per interactive whiteboard collects the definition of the word “Nature”, the second one fills out the cluster on the board, the rest in the groups fill out the cluster)
Nature
Non-living Living
Minerals Rivers Plants Animals
Herbs shrubs trees
Animals birds insects fish amphibians reptiles
Amazing!
- And to which parts of our cluster will we classify cards with the words “water”, “birch”, “sparrow”, “crucian carp”, “book”?
(Book is an extra word, does not relate to nature, it is a product. It is made by human hands)
- Guys, how is the word “book” related to today’s lesson? (Today we will prepare a book of the nature of our region, Lipetsk region.)
What is the goal of our project? (To study the nature of our Lipetsk region and create a book of the nature of the Lipetsk region.)
What is the practical significance of our project?
(The practical significance of this work lies in the development of a book, the material of which can be used for work in lessons about the outside world, in extracurricular activities.)
Let's remember what questions we asked at the initial stage of the project?
Fundamental question: Why should nature be studied?
Problematic question: Is the nature of the Lipetsk region rich in diversity?
Hypothesis. We assumed that if in our region there are various natural communities: forests, meadows, rivers - the natural world of the Lipetsk region is rich and diverse.
4.Repetition of the stages of work on the project.
Let's remember how we worked on the project.
We divided into groups: Geographers, Botanists, Mycologists, Zoologists, Ecologists.
And they went to get information.
2) Information collection stage.
- How did you receive the information?
We worked with literature, consulted with geography teacher O.Yu. Urazova. and with biology teacher S.D. Kartseva.
3) Selected information and designed the pages of the book.
4) Creative report of the groups. Project presentation.
- And today the groups have prepared creative reports on the work done and will present their pages, from which we will compile a Book of Nature.
And the cluster that we compiled is the content of our book.
The floor is given to geographers.
Poem by Roman Rudnev.
Linden honey tents,
And the birches take swan-like flights.
Don's still waters
And the Pines spill wide...
There is such a land -
Eternal love and care,
And sadness and faith,
That they take your soul to pieces.
And this is our native Lipetsk land.
We studied inanimate nature Lipetsk region.
I was interested in the rivers of our region.
I wanted to know what rivers flow in the Lipetsk region?
After studying information on the Internet, in the library and talking with a geography teacher, I learned that 127 rivers with a length of over 10 km and 212 rivers with a length of less than 10 km flow through the territory of the Lipetsk region.
I encrypted the names of these rivers in puzzles. Guess their names.
(Don, Voronezh)
These are the most large rivers- Don with its tributaries Beautiful Mecha and Sosna, and the Voronezh River with its tributaries Stanovaya Ryasa and Matyr.
And these are the rivers of our Dolgorukovsky district.
Pine, Cherry, Olym, Again.
The Olym, Snova, and Sosna rivers flow through the territory of our Dolgorukovsky district.
The Svishnya River flows in our village Stegalovka. It originates near the village of Petrovka and flows into the Bystraya Sosna River near the village of Makhovshchina. Its length is 37 km.
I studied the mineral resources of our region. (Roshchupkin M.)
I have selected riddles about them and invite you to guess them.
They cover the roads
Streets in villages.
It is also found in cement.
He himself is fertilizer. (Limestone)
It’s yellow and loose, It’s piled up in the yard, If you want, you can take it. It's more fun to play with it. (Sand)
If you meet me on the road,
Your feet will get stuck.
To make a bowl or vase -
You'll need it right away. (Clay)
Yes, sand and clay are common in the Lipetsk region. They are mined in quarries.
Tell me, what is this?
Plants grew in the swamp... And now it is fuel and fertilizer. (Peat)
Formed in swamps from dead parts of plants. It is used as fuel and fertilizer, and also as a medicinal raw material. (picture) All these minerals are the wealth of our region. - Thank you.
The floor is given to a group of botanists. (Ilyusha Fomichev)
We studied the vegetation of our region.
The region's vegetation numbers about 1,200 species, including 40 species of trees and shrubs.
The trees in our region include oak, ash, maple, elm, linden, birch, aspen, alder, rowan, willow, and pine.
Shrubs.
Euonymus warty, common hazel, forest honeysuckle, brittle buckthorn, rose hips, bird cherry, viburnum, steppe thorn.
(Dasha Tigir)
The herbaceous vegetation of our region is very diverse.
Lungwort, nettle-leaved bluebell, lily of the valley, primrose, amazing violet, European hoofed grass, fireweed, Siberian scilla, honeysuckle, bluegrass, buttercup, anemone, marigold, common cornflower, cinquefoil, meadow timothy, etc.
Sedges, irises, arrowheads, and reeds grow in rivers and lakes near the shore. Plants with floating leaves grow - white lilies and yellow water lilies.
(Game match the name and the picture) - if there is time
Physical education lesson “I’m drawing a river” - turn off the board. The floor is given to zoologists.
We studied animal world our region. (Ulyana Skuridina)
It is very diverse. The region is home to over 60 species of animals, more than 250 species of various birds, 30 species of fish, 8 species of reptiles and 8 species of amphibians.
Most mammals live in forests. Among the predators there are wolves, foxes, ferrets, raccoon dogs, and occasionally martens, badgers, and an otter.
There are small numbers of squirrels, and beavers live along the river banks. Among the ungulate animals, moose are found in the forests. There are very few roe deer and wild boars in the forests. Especially widespread have rodents - gophers, mice, voles, hares, hamsters and jerboas.
Rivers and lakes are home to muskrats, water rats and muskrats. The Lipetsk region is home to animals belonging to the order of insectivores - moles and several species of shrews. From the order Chiroptera mammals there are various species of bats.
(Dvoryadkin Artyom)
The world of birds is diverse and numerous. About 30 species live here permanently. These include the sparrow, jackdaw, magpie, raven, rock pigeon, black grouse, tawny owl, little owl, goshawk, and crested lark. This also includes the crow, gray partridge, tree sparrow, jay, most species of woodpeckers and the common bunting.
The bulk of birds fly south for the winter and return back in the warm season. There are also birds that live with us only in winter, and in the spring they fly north. To such nomads winter time birds include waxwings, black woodpeckers, siskins, bullfinches, and tap dancers.
(Crossword “Birds of our region”)
(Sasha Puzynina)
Various fish live in rivers and lakes: perch, pike, chub, ide, roach, catfish, bream, pike perch, rudd, tench, crucian carp, ruffe, carp. Crayfish, mollusks, and amphibians also live in reservoirs.
Reptiles include snakes, vipers, and lizards.
The world of insects is very diverse. The region is home to numerous species of beetles, butterflies, orthoptera, as well as bees, wasps, and bumblebees.
Mystery
A red droplet on a black dot crawls along a leaf to visit the sun.
(Ladybug) I will sing a song called “Ladybug”
A word to mycologists. (Katya Rudneva, Sasha Lykov, Dima Gridchin)
We studied the mushrooms of our forest.
And we have prepared riddles about mushrooms for you. By guessing them, you will find out what mushrooms grow in our forest.
Located under a pine tree
This mushroom is like the king of the forest.
Glad to find his mushroom picker.
This is white... (boletus)
The brothers are sitting on a stump.
All with freckles, like boys.
These friendly guys
They are called... (honey mushrooms)
This cute little fungus
I chose a quiet corner.
Cut it with a knife,
After all, it’s edible... (russula)
Guess what, guys: Sasha Lykov
His hat is shaggy.
A mushroom like a pink ear.
What's his name? (Volnushka)
In a white hat on a leg
A mushroom grew by the path.
And now let it be in the basket
The edible one will lie down... (milk mushroom)
Dima Gridchin
She's angry at mushrooms
And poisonous from anger.
Here is a forest hooligan!
This is a pale... (toadstool)
White dots on red -
Poisonous mushroom, dangerous.
There's no point in talking here -
Don't pick... (fly agaric)
Although these mushrooms are poisonous, the forest needs them. For example, fly agaric is a medicine for moose.
A word from environmentalists. (Dasha Rudneva)
Ecology is the science of the relationship between man and nature.
What does a person do to preserve and protect the nature of our region?
This is a problematic issue that our group has been working on.
Due to the destructive attitude of people towards nature, many plants and animals are disappearing. To preserve them, people create nature reserves, sanctuaries, natural monuments, breed and protect endangered species of animals and plants.
Two reserves have been created in our region: “Galichya Gora” - the smallest reserve in Russia, and part of the Voronezh state reserve, located on the territory of the Usman forest. They are engaged in breeding beavers and preserving their numbers. The Galichya Gora Nature Reserve is one of the most amazing nature reserves in the world, the birthplace of relict plants. There are also endangered species of animals and plants that are listed in the Red Book. On the territory of the reserve there is a nursery for birds of prey, there are saker falcons, eagles and other birds.
Egor Pilyasov
In our region, 18 reserves, 1 dendrological park and 134 natural monuments have been created.
There is a natural monument in our village. This is the former ancient estate of the landowner Vedrov (late 19th century - object cultural heritage, protected by the State). In our specially protected natural monument, over 30 tree species are preserved (European larch, common spruce, blue spruce, horse chestnut, downy ash, English oak, black poplar, common birch, angustifolia, linden, and others.)
Near Zadonsk there is a unique safari park "Kudykina Gora" - one of the most beautiful places in the entire Black Earth Region, where animals from southern countries (ostriches, camels, yaks) were brought.
Ivlev Artyom
The Red Data Book of the Lipetsk Region has been created. This book contains all types of endangered plants and animals.
We have prepared a stand " Rare plants and animals of the Lipetsk region"
Plants
Bieberstein's tulip, open lumbago, Siberian scilla, common heather, lily-saranka, sleep-grass, feather grass, feather grass, beautiful feather grass.
Animals.
Snake eagle, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, steppe harrier, bustard, whooper swan,
Large jerboa, muskrat, otter, steppe viper, steppe bumblebee, emperor dragonfly, butterflies; Apollo, swallowtail.
Thanks to environmentalists.
5) Summing up the work.
Now look at our “Nature” cluster. Have we told you everything about the nature of our region?
- Was the hypothesis of our region confirmed? (Yes, the nature of our region is very diverse. But it must be protected.)
Song "Pepwing on the road"
Poems (Roman Rudnev, Egor Pilyasov, Dasha Rudneva)
Well done! You have done a lot of work studying the nature of your native land.
Look what kind of book we got? Guys, where are we going to store it? (In the classroom, or you can take it to the library so others can use it)
Guys, what literature did you use to compile the book?
(Presented at the exhibition, pictures, riddles were searched on the Internet)
6) Reflection of activity
(Evaluate your work, each group has cards on the table, choose a sentence and continue it...)
We believe that we succeeded...We failed...because...
What seemed important, necessary, interesting during today’s lesson...
Composition of the creative team: ...
7) Summing up:
So, we have studied and presented all the information that has been collected to date about the nature of our region. We tried to compile a Book of Nature of our native land with our own hands. We made appropriate conclusions about what worked and what didn’t, and at the same time we repeated and went through all the stages of work using the educational design method. I think the presentation of the project was successful. Let's say “thank you” to each other for your cooperation.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Slide description:
MKOU Kalacheevskaya gymnasium No. 1 Project work on the topic: “Diversity of the nature of the native land” Completed by: students of 3 “B” class Supervisor: Kotlyarova T.P. 2014-2015 academic year. year
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The goals of the project: - to form in students ideas about the diversity of the nature of their native land, - to introduce them to the characteristics of groups of animals and plants, - to foster a sense of responsibility for all living things that surround us, - to develop logical thinking, imagination, observation, - to promote a caring attitude towards the surrounding world, the development of moral and aesthetic qualities
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Objectives: - to study the flora and fauna of our native land, - to systematize knowledge about medicinal plants, - to cultivate a sense of responsibility for all living things that surrounds us, a sense of love for nature, - to raise the level of consciousness among students towards purity in nature, - to cultivate a sense of pride for our beloved Motherland, - to develop attention and intelligence
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Native land The city of Kalach is located at the place where two small rivers of the Don basin - Podgornaya and Tolucheevka - merge. The lands of the Kalacheevsky district are located on the Kalacheevskaya Upland in the southeastern part Voronezh region. The climate is temperate, with an average annual temperature of + 6.2 C. The average annual precipitation is 350-400 millimeters. This is one and a half times less than the regional average. The area belongs to the steppe zone. The soils are represented by ordinary chernozems interspersed with solonchaks.
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Hedgehog Approximately fifteen million years ago, hedgehogs appeared on our planet. Most of them have tails. It is short - only three centimeters, and is invisible because it hides under the needles. A hedgehog has approximately ten thousand spines. They are gradually updated every three years. The needles take a long time to grow, about a year. By nature, hedgehogs are blind, although they are able to distinguish colors. However, they have a keen sense of smell and incredibly acute hearing. There are thirty-six teeth in the mouth, and like humans, they can fall out as we age.
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Crayfish Crayfish have 6 pairs of limbs. It moves in such a way that it always rests on four pairs of legs. Crayfish claws - formidable weapon. The captured victim will no longer escape from the claw. Crayfish can shed. They shed their chitinous cover, renew their gills and internal organs. The female carries crustaceans on her belly (in the form of eggs) for 8 months. Crayfish breathe through their skin gills (other crustaceans breathe over the entire surface of their body). The eyes of crayfish consist of many individual ocelli. Their vision is mosaic (mosaic). Cancer can move its eyes, but not its head.
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Cabbage butterfly This beautiful light butterfly can be seen on the edges, meadows, and gardens. These light creatures of nature rise into the sky to a height of 20 - 70 meters, and can reach a decent speed of 20 - 30 km/h. Body length 30 mm, covered with fine hairs, consists of head, chest and abdomen. She has 6 legs, each leg has two sharp claws. The jaws are a proboscis twisted into a spiral. When she drinks flower nectar, her proboscis straightens and her eyes are large. The long pair of antennae are very sensitive. Vision and smell are well developed. Cabbage has two pairs of wings covered with scales. It feeds on the nectar of flowers, no harm to our nature. But its offspring are a disaster for gardeners. During the season, the female lays eggs 2-3 times. She will lay about 100 eggs and fly away, no longer thinking or caring about the offspring. After a week, caterpillars emerge from the eggs. They eat the juicy pulp of the leaves. It will remain in caterpillar state for 2–4 weeks. Birds are reluctant to peck cabbage caterpillars because they secrete a poisonous secretion for protection.
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Woodpecker Woodpeckers are black birds with red spots on the head and belly. They have a flexible tongue almost the same length as the beak. At the beginning of March, the woodpecker starts knocking on a tree and attracts a female. They do not build nests, but hollow out hollows. They lay from 2 to 8 eggs in them, which will lie on the dust at the bottom of the hollow. The parents take turns sitting on the eggs. The chicks are fed very often. They quickly fly from tree to tree and take out food from under the bark, using their beaks to reach the passages in which larvae and insects are located. With a long tongue covered with brushes and soaked in sticky saliva, the woodpecker easily takes prey out of these passages. In winter it feeds on seeds coniferous trees. To extract seeds, a woodpecker hollows out a small depression in a tree trunk, places a plucked cone in it, then peels it, removing the seeds, and throws the empty one away. It is believed that he removes 100 cones per day, and over the winter several thousand cones will lie near this place. In the spring, they hollow out birch trees and drink the sap. At the end of summer they feed on ripened berries.
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Toad It is the largest toad found in Europe. The body is wide, the eyes are orange, the pupils are horizontal. The skin glands do not secrete a large number of a poison that is not at all dangerous to humans. They feed on invertebrates, including insects and their larvae. It grabs prey with its sticky tongue. When in danger, the gray toad rises on its paws and takes on a threatening appearance. However, the movement of the toad on the surface of the earth occurs by walking, and not by jumping. The toad uses jumping only in a discouraged state, when, in its opinion, danger is present and is active towards it. For example, in a calm state, a toad moves through the mowing or through the fallow area exclusively by walking. Seeing a larger animal, the toad freezes. When you try to touch it, it starts jumping.
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HORSE HARE The brown hare is quite large, its body is up to 70 cm long, and it weighs from 4 to 7 kg. Its summer color is gray, slightly brownish, its coat is shiny and silky. Winter fur is slightly lighter than summer fur. The hare sheds in spring and autumn. Rusak loves open spaces: fields, meadows, edges, clearings, clearings. Rarely lives in coniferous forests. It is found near rivers, in ravines near grain fields and near villages (especially in winter). Hares are usually active at dusk and at night. During the day it lies in shallow holes under a bush, behind a fallen tree or in a haystack. It can rest in abandoned burrows of badgers, foxes and marmots. The hare runs fast, its speed is up to 50 km/h on a straight road. Confuses tracks. He can swim quite well. Like all hares, hare are quiet animals: they only utter a piercing cry when they are caught or wounded. The female calls the hares, making quiet sounds. And the hare beats his paws like a drum. They feed on shoots, bark of trees and shrubs, seeds, grass, and in the fields - sunflowers, buckwheat, vegetables, and watermelons. Brown hares live 5-7 years, some up to 10. Hares are hunted by foxes, wolves, lynxes, eagles and, of course, people. Hunters exterminate hares in large numbers, so now there are not as many brown hares as before. Hares also die because they eat crops in the fields treated with pest poisons. Scientists call for more careful treatment of these animals.
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Grasshopper Grasshoppers are among the most ancient orders of insects, they evolved approximately 300 million years ago. Distinctive feature grasshoppers have very long antennae, exceeding the length of the body. The front pair of wings are transformed into leathery elytra. The left elytra is on top of the right. Females have an ovipositor, elongated and laterally flattened. And male grasshoppers are able to chirp by rubbing their raised wing covers against each other. The bases of the elytra contain elements of the sound apparatus. Raising its elytra, the grasshopper quickly vibrates them, increasing the sound power of the chirping. When a grasshopper raises its wings higher, its chirping sounds lower in tone, but louder. The sounds produced by males indicate that the territory is occupied or serve to attract females. Grasshoppers are predators; they feed on other small insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle and butterfly caterpillars, which makes them useful to humans. However, they can also cause some harm, since they also consume plant foods and eat the buds and young leaves of cultivated plants. They overwinter in the soil in the egg phase, laid in small groups or singly. In spring, larvae hatch from the eggs. They develop in 50-70 days, going through 5-7 instars. Grasshoppers inhabit inconvenient areas overgrown with weeds and shrubs, usually the slopes of foothills and ravines.
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Mole Moles are small underground animals with a body length from 4 to 20 cm. Their coat color ranges from black to dark gray. Moles' fur grows straight, which allows them to move freely underground in any direction. They weigh from 8 to 160 grams. Vision is weak, in some species the eyes are completely covered with skin, but the sense of touch and smell is very well developed. The mole digs the ground with its front paws and, unlike mice and other rodents, does not gnaw the ground with its front incisors, so it lives in places with soft soil. Moles feed on earthworms, chafers, pupae various butterflies. In search of food, they make long passages in the ground (at a depth of 0.5 to 2 meters) and can dig up to 60 meters of underground galleries in a day. In search of food, moles damage the roots of trees and various crops, in connection with this people try to fight them with chemical means, thereby killing these cute and useful animals (the benefit of moles is that they loosen the soil, promoting its moistening and aeration , and also destroy a large number of pests).
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Mosquito Mosquitoes are insects with thin body, long legs and narrow transparent wings. None of the groups of dipterans has such a perfect blood-sucking weapon as mosquitoes. In total, there are about 2000 species in the mosquito family. In swampy areas, these insects chase animals and humans in clouds, inflicting painful injections with their long proboscis, from which even the fabric of clothing does not protect a person if it is not thick enough. However, not all types of mosquitoes are aggressive. Many of them use their proboscis only to feed on nectar. In blood-sucking species, blood saturation is also obligatory only for females, while males are content with plant juices. A hungry female is capable of determining the location of large concentrations of warm-blooded animals and humans at a distance of up to 3 km and quickly covering this distance. In one act of sucking, the female absorbs an amount of blood that exceeds the initial weight of her body. Mosquitoes are of great importance as carriers of pathogens of such serious diseases as malaria.
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Elk Elk is a cloven-hoofed mammal, the largest species of the deer family. The body length of an elk can reach up to three meters, and the height at the withers can be up to 2.5 meters; the length of the animal’s tail can vary from 12-15 cm. This is a very calm and peaceful animal, even despite its formidable and intimidating appearance. Moose's favorite foods are shoots of fir, pine, willow, rowan, raspberry, bird cherry, rose hip, lingonberry, and blueberry. It is estimated that elk eat approximately five tons of vegetation per year. Moose shed their antlers in December, and new ones grow by August. The most dangerous enemies for moose are: wolves in packs, bears. Moose can reach speeds of up to 56 kilometers per hour. They are excellent swimmers, and can swim at speeds of up to 10 kilometers per hour. Moose can even dive and hold their breath for up to 30 seconds. Moose have extremely sensitive noses. Wolves know about this property, so when attacking they can sometimes grab the animal by the nose. The elk is paralyzed by severe pain and cannot resist the predator. Moose can be domesticated.
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Medvedka Large insect with a body length of up to 5 centimeters. The body color is dark brown. The chest shell is hard, the head can be partially retracted under its protection. Two large eyes, long antennae and two pairs of tentacles are clearly visible on the head. The front pair of limbs of a mole cricket is for digging the ground. Mole crickets fly. Lives in sandy, sunlit soils, on warm plains. Although it avoids dry places. The insect leads an underground lifestyle. It rarely comes to the surface, mainly at night. The mole cricket overwinters in the ground at a depth of 2 meters or more. It feeds mainly on plant roots, earthworms and insects. The female mole cricket makes a nest in the ground and lays hundreds of eggs, from which larvae hatch. The mole cricket, breaking holes in the soil, improves it. However, it can be a pest because it often gnaws plant roots when digging tunnels.
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chafer The chafer is one of the most famous insects. And not from the best side. Beetle larvae are terrible pests. They live in the ground, eating the roots and stems of plants. The beetle larvae are unusually voracious, and a dozen of them can destroy all vegetation on one square meter. Adult beetles also like to eat. They gnaw off young leaves on trees. For almost all five years, the cockchafer lives underground. During the first summer it feeds on humus and grass roots. In winter, the larvae climb to a depth of one and a half meters, and in the spring they move again closer to the roots. In the second year, the larvae feed on the roots of young trees. In the third year, the larvae reach a size of 5-6 centimeters - and are able to gnaw the root of even an adult tree. In the fourth year of life, the larva turns into a pupa, and after a month or two - into a beetle. And these young beetles continue to live underground - until next spring. And closer to May, when it gets warm and leaves appear on the trees, May beetles begin their flights.
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Wasp This insect has a striped abdomen and a pair of transparent wings. A wasp is a predatory insect. She feeds her larvae with protein foods. In each nest, the female places a living thing caught during the hunt (bee, fly, caterpillar, spider) and lays an egg in its body. Thus, the larva is provided with live food for the entire period of development. The entrance to the nest is tightly sealed, the wasp does not return to it, but immediately begins building a new nest and preparing a new insect for the next larva. The young wasp gets out on its own. Adult insects feed on flower nectar and ripe juicy fruits. Often we have to drive away these intrusive insects from jam, compotes, fruits, as well as watermelons and berries. During hot summers, wasps pose a serious threat not only to beekeepers, as they are capable of completely destroying a bee colony, but also to humans: they are aggressive and can attack without reason. The sting of wasps is not barbed; they can sting many times. Bites to the face and mouth are very dangerous. It is recommended to apply a lotion with ammonia diluted with water, lubricate the affected area with plantain and parsley juice, apply ice, apply any antihistamine and immediately hospitalize the victim in a medical facility
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Uzhi - non-venomous snakes. Body length is 1-1.5 meters. The main difference between the grass snake and other snakes is the so-called “yellow ears” - pronounced markings on the head, most often yellow color, however there are white or orange ones. The color of the upper side of the body is gray, olive, black or brown. It feeds mainly on live frogs, rodents and, less often, fish. The enemies of snakes are storks, birds of prey and some mammals.
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Gray Heron Gray Heron is a bird of the order Storkidae. The appearance is very characteristic. This is a long-legged, long-necked bird, gray above and white below, with black inclusions, with a rather long sharp beak. The sizes are quite large, the weight of an adult male can reach 2 kg. Females are somewhat smaller than males, but in other respects they are almost no different from them. The gray heron is extremely widespread. The gray heron feeds exclusively on animal food. The basis of its diet is fish, but the heron also eats frogs, a variety of small mammals, reptiles, tadpoles, insects.
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Snail Snails are mollusks. Their body consists of a shell, spirally twisted and expanding downward. Inside it is a soft body. Snails have a special “leg” - it’s flat, wide part body with which he moves. Most snails breathe atmospheric air. In this case, the snail attaches to the lower surface of the water film with the help of its “leg”, and then opens a special breathing hole and “inhales” air. It is stored in the pulmonary cavity, which is located under the skin of the cochlea. Snails reproduce mainly by eggs, which are covered with a transparent mass resembling jelly. Snails usually feed on algae, scraping them with their horny tongue from the surface of stones and from the stems of aquatic plants. This is why snails are often used in home aquariums to clean their walls of green algae. Favorite places snail habitats are deciduous forests, parks, and ravines overgrown with bushes. Snails overwinter in specially built wintering chambers, burrowing into the soil to a depth of 5 - 10 centimeters. In central Russia, the snail stays awake for 4.5 - 5 months, feeds on the leaves of wild strawberries, plantain, horse sorrel, dandelion, lungwort, burdock, nettle, horseradish, cabbage, radish
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Leeches Leeches - subclass annelids. Most representatives live in fresh water bodies. . The body length of different representatives varies from several millimeters to tens of centimeters. Most major representative up to 45 cm. All leeches are predators that feed on blood for the most part warm-blooded animals or mollusks, worms, etc.; , there are also species that do not feed on blood, but swallow prey whole (for example, a mosquito larva, earthworm). In the intestines of a leech, blood is digested slowly, and therefore, having had enough, the leech can remain without food for a long time - about one and a half years. They live mainly in fresh water or wet grass. The method of movement of leeches is interesting. There are suckers on both ends of the worm that can be used to attach it to underwater objects. The leech attaches itself to them with its front end, bends into an arc, and moves.
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Starling The starling is a small bird, 18-21cm long, with a short neck. . The beak is long, sharp and slightly curved downwards. The wings are short, wide at the base and tapered at the tip. The plumage of the back, chest and back of the neck in females and males of adult birds does not differ from each other: black feathers with a metallic sheen. Starlings arrive in March-April and rush to populate empty birdhouses to hatch their chicks. The female lays 4 to 6 eggs, incubates it herself for 14 days, and is fed by both parents. Already in the summer you can see young starlings trying to keep up with their parents. Birds feed on both plant and animal foods: earthworms, insect larvae, seeds and fruits of plants.
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Ants Ants, as representatives of a group of insects, are familiar to every person. They are distributed everywhere except Antarctica and the Far North. About 10 thousand species of these insects are known. Their body sizes range from 8 to 30 mm. Color ranges from light yellow to black. Most species have developed poisonous glands that secrete formic acid. Their communities are more complex than those of bees; families number up to 1 million individuals in an anthill. They also have their own pastures. They hatch aphids and milk them. These insects feed on invertebrate animals, flower nectar, mushrooms, plant seeds and aphids.
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Bumblebee Bumblebees are large, densely pubescent bees. These beneficial insects scurry tirelessly from flower to flower and are therefore valuable pollinators. Bumblebees have a very long proboscis, and with its help they easily reach the nectar of flowers with narrow and deep corollas. Bumblebees make nests in the ground or in another convenient place. An abandoned mouse hole, a moss hummock, a hollow, a squirrel's nest, a birdhouse - everything is suitable for this purpose. Working bumblebees have a pollen-collecting apparatus on their hind legs; it consists of a “basket” and a “brush”. By getting dirty with flower pollen, bumblebees carry it from flower to flower and pollinate plants. Bumblebees sting less painfully than wasps and bees. In addition, they are less agile and much more peaceful. Therefore, their nests are often attacked by mice, badgers, and foxes and eaten by bumblebee honey, larvae and pupae. For bumblebees, plowing and treating land with pesticides turned out to be critical factors. Flowering meadows are disappearing, fertilizers are being used - and the tireless toiling bumblebees are buzzing less and less in the spring. The number of this type of insect is at a critically low level due to intensive grazing and haymaking - both of which lead to the death of nests.
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Stag beetle The stag beetle is considered the largest beetle, males reach an average of 70-74 mm, and females 25-57 mm in length. Found in oak forests and deciduous forests with an admixture of oak, artificial plantings - parks, gardens. It belongs to the species whose habitat is shrinking, therefore it is listed in the Red Book as a species declining in number. Reasons that lead to a massive decline in the stag beetle population - massive logging forests, primarily oak forests, clearing forests of rotten and rotten stumps and snags in which the larvae develop over the course of 6-7 years. In recent years, there has also been an unlimited collection of beetles in collections, and natural predators of birds significantly reduce the population size by feeding on beetle larvae
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PIKE Pike is common in fresh waters, lives in aquatic thickets, stagnant or weakly flowing waters. The length of the fish is up to 1.5 meters, weight up to 35 kg. The head is large, the mouth is wide. The color is variable, depending on the environment: depending on the nature and degree of development of the vegetation, it can be gray-green, gray-yellow, the back is darker, the sides have large brown spots. It feeds mainly on fish. Female pike begin to reproduce in the fourth, or less often the third, year of life. Spawning occurs at a temperature of +3-6 degrees immediately after the ice melts. The fish are in shallow water and splashing noisily. Depending on the water temperature, the development of eggs takes 8-14 days, the larvae that hatch from them are 6-7 mm in length. In a reservoir, the pike stays in thickets of aquatic vegetation; usually it stays there motionless and, hiding, suddenly rushes at its prey. Once caught, it is almost always swallowed from the head - if the pike grabs it across the body, then, before swallowing, it quickly turns its head into the throat. Pike is quite widely bred in pond farms. This fish is also an important target for sport and recreational fishing.
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Hornet Hornets live in families - they are a social insect. They make paper from the bark of young twigs and build a nest from it. It is usually found in wooden buildings: birdhouses, hollow trees, stumps, etc. Hornets cause irreparable harm to our beekeepers, because hornets are like wolves, only insects, they destroy the bees that are bred in the apiary. Under no circumstances should you go close to hornet nests. After all, they may decide that their nest is in danger and attack the troublemaker. And they sting very painfully. And since their sting is not serrated, one hornet can sting several times in a row. Hornet “bites” cause pain at the site of the bite, swelling, and inflammation. With multiple bites, the temperature may rise, dizziness and headache. If you experience such symptoms, you should definitely seek medical help.
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Lilac Shrub up to 6m high. Blooms at the end of May. The leaves are bright green, the roots are powerful. The flowers appear along with the leaves, with a strong aroma. In autumn, lilac leaves do not turn yellow and fall green. Grows well in open sunny places with low temperatures groundwater. Tolerates poor soils, but blooms profusely and forms a beautiful bush on fertile and medium-rich soils. In dry summers, young plants need to be watered. On poor soils it is necessary to feed. Regular pruning in early spring maintains the shape of the bush, and cutting off part of the flowering shoots promotes abundant flowering the following year. Leaves and flowers are used medicinally.
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Oak Oak is a symbol physical strength. Powerful tree up to 40 meters high. It blooms in May, the fruit is an acorn. Oak acorns were the first bread for primitive man. Oak bark is used as medicine. Doctors prescribe decoctions for sore throats (gargles) and burns (lotions). Oak barrels are still used as containers for the production of cognacs and wines. Its wood is very strong and durable, with a beautiful pattern, and is used in shipbuilding and furniture production.
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Birch The word birch means “light, clear.” A genus of deciduous trees and shrubs. Birch is the most common of our deciduous trees and is the most important tree species, growing in forests. The bark is usually smooth, covered with a layer of cork tissue, birch bark, peeling off in thin plates, most often white, yellowish or pink, in some it is gray, brown and even black. The leaves are entire, toothed, with pinnate veins. Flowers are collected in earrings. They reproduce by seeds. The age of most representatives of the genus does not exceed 100-120 years, some trees reach 300 years. Most species are frost-resistant, undemanding to soil and light-loving. Widely used in carpentry, plywood production, in the paper industry, it is used for interior decoration and all kinds of products. Tar is driven from birch bark, baskets and artistic carvings are made.
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Rowan Common rowan is a tree up to 20 m high. It grows in coniferous-small-leaved forests, along forest edges and clearings, as well as in thickets of bushes along the banks of rivers and lakes. Often grown as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. In spring it is covered with white, cream or fragrant flowers, in summer they are attractive because of their shiny, leathery bright green leaves, which in September-October take on a stunning purple hue, going through stages of yellow and orange. And finally, in late fall and winter, they are decorated with gorgeous clusters of shiny berries ranging in color from pink, orange, bright red and brown. Rowan fruits are unusually rich in vitamin C and have long been used in home cooking to make wine, beer, jams, preserves, jellies, jelly, desserts and sauces. They taste sour and bitter, so it is recommended to consume them ready-made with added sugar. They say that rowan berries taste sweeter after the first frost, but if you plan to use them - leaving them on the branches in anticipation of these very frosts, you risk being left without berries at all, because they are a favorite delicacy of birds.
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St. John's wort St. John's wort is a widely known plant with bright yellow flowers and a specific but pleasant smell. The plant is perennial, herbaceous, the flowers are collected in paniculate inflorescences. The herb St. John's wort has long been popularly considered one of the main medicinal herbs, curing 99 diseases; it is part of many herbal preparations. St. John's wort is a slightly toxic plant for humans, while it can cause serious poisoning in animals. Sheep, horses, cattle, especially young white animals are sensitive to St. John's wort. This is where the name came from - St. John's wort. It blooms in June-August, and it is at this time that the flowering tops with a stem, approximately 25-30 cm long, without rough leafless parts, are collected and dried in the shade. Some herbalists “thresh” dried grass in their hands. Leaves, flowers and small twigs are easily separated, leaving only the rough stems. Then these raw materials are placed in a box or paper bag for storage. This herb can be used for up to 3 years, but it is still better to harvest fresh raw materials every year.
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Maple Maple is a large and fast-growing tree, reaching a height of 30 meters and a crown diameter of up to 15 meters. IN at a young age the plant has a smooth, gray-reddish bark, which, as the tree matures, becomes almost black and becomes covered with deep cracks. The leaves have a rich green color. The inflorescences are yellow-lemon, fragrant. Maple is a moisture-loving tree and therefore needs frequent watering, the norm of which is about 15 liters in dry and hot summers. Maple does not like compacted soil; after watering and weeding, the soil must be loosened. As a rule, the maple tree is not subject to crown pruning, with the exception of some species, so only dry and diseased branches are removed.
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Strawberry Wild strawberry grows in meadows, among bushes and in cleared forests, on the edges and clearings. In our area it is especially large and juicy. The rhizome of strawberry is short, the shoots are creeping, rooting at the nodes (whiskers). Blooms in late May - early June, blooms all summer. The fruits ripen in late June - August. Strawberry leaves below are covered with silky hairs. Nature has endowed them with the ability to regulate moisture reserves in the bush. Wild strawberries are a valuable plant. This wild berry is a treasure trove of vitamins. The fruits contain substances beneficial to the human body: vitamin C, carotene, acids (malic, citric, salicylic), tannins, essential oils and trace elements: copper, manganese, chromium. There is especially a lot of iron, which is found in seeds. The leaves are rich in vitamin C and tannins. Wild strawberries are eaten fresh and also used to prepare juices, decoctions, compotes, preserves, syrups, and infusions. Medicinal raw materials are berries and leaves in fresh and dried form. Strawberries have long been used in folk medicine from almost all diseases. Strawberries are called the “queen” flora, because it has a very rich chemical composition. It is believed that this berry contains many substances that have not yet been studied, which, perhaps, make it so healing.
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Celandine Celandine, or Warthog - Perennial herbaceous plant. Translated from Greek, the name of the plant “celandine” means large swallow. Since ancient times, the coincidence of the flowering of celandine with the arrival of swallows has been noted. There is a belief that swallows collect celandine juice and fly with it to children born blind to restore their sight. That's why it is called swallow grass. It is also called warthog, warthog, since the milky juice of this plant removes warts. A perennial herbaceous plant 80-100 cm high with a multi-headed short rhizome and a thick branched taproot, red-brown on the outside, yellow on the inside. Celandine grass is widely used in folk medicine. It blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in June - July. Attention! All parts of the plant are poisonous.
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There are a great variety of nettles on the planet medicinal plants, but perhaps one thing can be called a real leader who has received universal recognition - nettles. This is a truly unique herb, in which areas of life it is not used by humans. So, in the past, bast fibers obtained from nettles were used to make threads, ropes, fishing nets, and also made very durable fabrics. In the 19th century, Europeans strained honey through a nettle sieve and sifted flour. Nettle increases milk yield in cattle, as well as egg production in geese and chickens. Currently, nettle is successfully used in medicine and cooking - it is part of many pharmaceutical preparations. Nettle is used for cosmetic purposes; it stops bleeding well. Delicious green borscht is prepared from nettles. In the hungry war and post-war 50s, nettle, along with quinoa and sorrel, was almost the main food of barefoot children. They ate it from early spring and until late autumn, and their mothers managed to prepare many dishes from this plant - cabbage soup, salads and liquid flatbreads. In our more satisfying life, nettle faded into the background and was almost completely forgotten about. But in vain, it contains so many vitamins (A, C, K, B1, B2, B3) and all kinds of microelements (copper, iron, calcium) that this plant alone can significantly replenish the daily need of the human body for them.
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Rosehip This prickly shrub gets its name from the word “thorn”. The ancient Greeks strewn the newlyweds' path with rosehip flower petals all the way to the Temple of Aphrodite. Rosehip claims to be the champion in vitamin C content; it confidently outperforms lemons, apples, and black currants. The fruits, flowers and roots of this plant are popular in folk medicine. Rosehip has the following beneficial effects on our body: it is an excellent immunomodulator. Fruits are a general strengthening, tonic, blood purifying, source of iron, other minerals and vitamins. Choleretic and diuretic properties. Improves appetite and blood composition, improves metabolism. The flowers are endowed with anti-inflammatory and calming effects. The oil has an anti-ulcer, regenerating effect on tissue. Destroys stones in both the bladder and gallstones.
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CHAMOMILE Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant. The stem is erect, branched, from 20 to 60 cm in height. The root is thin, taprooted, slightly branched. Leaves are alternate, sessile, 2-5 cm long. Flower baskets with white petals, with yellow flowers in the middle. Blooms from May to September. It grows along the edges of fields, roadsides, wastelands and meadows. The plant is widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. . Chamomile has excellent anti-inflammatory properties; chamomile preparations are indicated for insomnia and nervous tension. Chamomile is an antiviral agent and is used for colds and flu. Chamomile has a very beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, relieves spasms and inflammation. Helps heal wounds and cracks. Contains: copper, selenium, zinc, malic, salicylic, nicotinic acid. Widely used in cosmetology. Relieves inflammation, redness and skin irritation
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Pine Translated from Latin, the word “pine” means “rock”. Pines – tall trees, up to 35 m, live up to 150-200 years. The trunk is slender, with red-brown, cracking bark. Pine is a light-loving plant. Pine is unpretentious to soils and can grow both on dry sand and in conditions of high humidity. In pine forests there are never trees blown down by the wind, because their roots go very deep into the soil. Pine is a medicinal plant. The entire tree is rich in resin. Resin heals wounds on wood. Mature pine cones are dull. Birds feed on pine seeds. Moose feed on young pine shoots.
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Bird cherry A deciduous tree, sometimes bushy, about 10-17 m high, with simple toothed leaves. Blooms in April-June. The flowers are white, collected in long loose drooping racemes. Fruits in July. The fruit is a round drupe, green at first, black when ripe, 8-10 mm, sweet, highly astringent.
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Cherena Cherela is an annual plant with yellow or gray-yellow flowers forming single baskets. The series blooms from mid-summer to early autumn. Fruits in the form of achenes are formed in October. The string often settles in damp meadows, swamps, ditches, and is also found along the coasts of rivers, reservoirs and lakes. The string grass has diaphoretic, choleretic and diuretic effects, improves digestion, has a positive effect on metabolism, and promotes rapid healing of wounds. However, it is not only used in medicine, but also in industry. In particular, a natural and fairly durable dye for silk and wool fabrics is obtained from this plant. Young shoots of the string are perfectly eaten by pigs, i.e. it is also a forage plant. And also a series of supporting honey plants, bees collect nectar on these flowers.
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Burdock Burdock (burdock) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a straight, hard, elastic, tomentose stem. In the first year, very large basal leaves are formed on long, straight, succulent petioles. In the second year - a tall (up to 3 m) straight stem with small red-violet baskets of inflorescences located at the tops of the peduncles. Burdock blooms in June-August. Grows everywhere: in forests and bushes, near housing, in ditches, in wet wastelands, along roads, etc. therapeutic purpose use the roots, leaves and tops of burdock. Burdock preparations have wound-healing, diuretic and diaphoretic properties. They are used for some skin diseases, in inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract.
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Scilla Scilla is the earliest perennial bulbous plant. It is also often called blue snowdrop. It got its name from the plant’s ability to break out of the ground and bloom with the first warm spring rays of the sun, when the snow melts a little. The bulb of the scilla is broadly ovoid, 2-3 cm in diameter. The leaves are broadly linear, basal. Flower shoots 10-15 cm high with two or three drooping blue-blue or azure flowers with a diameter of 2 cm; anthers small, blue. Scilla blooms in mid-April.
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Wormwood Wormwood is a silver-colored plant with a strong aromatic odor. It is considered the most bitter plant of the Russian flora. One of the oldest medicinal plants. It grows along roads, near houses, in weedy meadows, vegetable gardens, and along forest edges. Plant height 50-125. Propagated by seeds. The plant is resistant to drought and frost. Wormwood is sometimes used in cooking as a seasoning. In medicine, the plant is used as a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound-healing, and anthelmintic agent. The smell of the plant repels clothes moths, ants, fleas, and cockroaches. Beekeepers use this property to combat bee theft. Readily eaten by cows and sheep. In small doses, it increases appetite and improves digestion.
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Plantain Plantain grows along roadsides - hence its name. Plantains are a food plant for many butterflies. Plantain seeds are loved by small birds. The herb and seeds of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. In folk medicine, plantain leaves are used externally for long-term non-healing wounds or ulcers. The leaves of the plant are used for cuts, abscesses, bruises, and toothache. The juice from the leaves has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect against the bites of bees, wasps, bumblebees and even snakes. This plant is used in the treatment malignant tumors gastrointestinal tract, and also as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent for diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. The seeds, which contain a lot of mucus, are used as a strong enveloping and soothing agent for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes and intestines.
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Viburnum Viburnum Viburnum is a shrub 2-4 m high. It received its name “Viburnum” for the color of the fruit, similar to the color of red-hot iron (to heat - to heat until red). Viburnum blooms from late May to July, the fruits ripen in August-September. Viburnum is a fast-growing tree. Its annual growth reaches 30-70 cm. Viburnum lives up to fifty years of age. Viburnum grows in mixed and deciduous forests, in wet meadows, along the banks of rivers, swamps, in thickets of bushes, along forest edges, lake shores, and in forest clearings with moist soil. Does not like dry soils or direct light. It is considered an unpretentious plant. In 1948, it was found that Viburnum bark can serve as a medicinal raw material for obtaining a hemostatic extract. The bark is being harvested in early spring when it is easier to remove. All parts of viburnum have beneficial properties: berries, seeds, bark, roots, flowers.
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Tansy Tansy is a perennial plant whose height reaches 150 centimeters. The rhizome of tansy is woody, long and branching. The plant has numerous stems that branch at the top, slightly pubescent or glabrous. The lowest leaves of the plant are petiolate, the rest are rigid and sessile. Tansy leaves are alternate, dark green on the upper side and glandular with dots on the lower side. Tansy's medicinal raw materials are flower baskets, which are collected during the period of full flowering. The inflorescences are cut off with flowering stems no more than 2 centimeters long. The collected raw materials are dried in a well-ventilated area or in the shade under a canopy. Dried raw materials are stored in fabric bags or cardboard boxes for no more than 2 years.
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Coltsfoot and stepmother Coltsfoot belongs to the perennial herbs of the Asteraceae family. In medicine, coltsfoot leaves are used in diaphoretic and thoracic infusions, and this herb can also be used as an expectorant. The color of the flowers is golden yellow. The leaves are basal and appear after the plant has flowered, they are rounded-heart-shaped, slightly angular, quite dense, there are uneven teeth on the edge, the leaves are white-felt below and above. When you touch the leaves, they seem warm, the upper surface is bare and cold. Achenes of a coltsfoot with a tuft. Coltsfoot usually grows on clay slopes, hills, over river cliffs, all sorts of embankments, in wastelands, and fields.
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Fly agaric grows singly and in small groups from June until autumn frosts. Mushrooms are very poisonous. Moose eat them with pleasure. They are useful for forest giants. They grow in coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. They say that the fly agaric got its name because the cap of old mushrooms bends upward at the edges, forming a saucer. Water gets into this saucer and becomes poisonous to flies. Fly agaric – beautiful mushroom, Moose only eat it. Only very poisonous. And at the same time they say: - There is no more reliable texture! I ate it and no fever! fly agaric -medicinal mushroom, It is not poisonous to us.
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Honey mushrooms One of our wonderful mushrooms, honey mushrooms, has long been well known both to lovers of delicious food and to those who love to cook deliciously. Russian cuisine has quite a few different recipes related to honey mushrooms. They are fried, boiled, pickled, dried or salted. But when collecting honey mushrooms, you need to be careful. There is a false honey fungus that can grow with a real one even on the same stump. When picking mushrooms, if you doubt something, it is best not to take it. Honey mushrooms are very useful. They contain microelements that are very necessary for our body, such as copper and zinc, and they are involved in the process of hematopoiesis. That is why people who have problems with blood are recommended to eat honey mushrooms. This mushroom is quite widespread. It can be found both in the Siberian taiga and in the Crimean forests. It grows not only on stumps and fallen trees. Some of its species prefer to settle on living wood. There are honey mushrooms that are collected in the summer, and there are also honey mushrooms that are collected in autumn. It is the autumn ones that are considered real mushrooms.
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Svetlana Evgenievna Ivanova
Open lesson on the surrounding world in 3rd grade “Diversity of the nature of the native land”
Project on the topic «»
Target:get acquainted with the diversity of nature of the native land, promote the inclusion of students in an active cognitive process; develop the ability to work independently with additional literature, involve parents in completing school family assignments; cultivate love for the small homeland, caring attitude towards nature.
Planned results
Subject
Determine the purpose of the project, work with known information, collect additional material, create ways to solve problems of a creative and exploratory nature.
Metasubject
Setting an educational task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by students and what is still unknown. Search and selection of necessary information, structuring knowledge.
Equipment:book exhibition « Nature around us» , messages, presentation, video, exhibition of drawings.
Progress of the lesson
1. Organizational stage.
Good afternoon and good hour!
I'm so glad to see you!
They looked at each other,
They smiled and sat down.
2. Warm up.
1) Let's start our lesson with warm-ups:
Listen and finish poem:
Look, my dear friend,
What is situated around?
The sky is light blue,
The golden sun is shining,
The wind plays with the leaves,
A cloud floats in the sky.
Field, river and grass,
Mountains, air and foliage,
Birds, animals and forests,
Thunder, fog and dew.
Man and season -
This is all around.... (nature)
3. Updating what was previously learned
1) Let's remember what it is nature.
Fill in cluster« Nature» .
We will work in groups of 4 people.
Nature
Non-living Living
Minerals Rivers Plants Animals
Herbs shrubs trees
Animals birds insects fish amphibians reptiles
Amazing!
2. Frontal survey.
3. Checking the d\z.
4. Communication of topics and tasks lesson.
1. Formulate the topic of our lesson? ( open on the board Topic« Diversity of nature of the native land» )
Yes, today we will continue talking about the nature of our native land.
About our wonderful land
There will be a conversation
About a beautiful sweet land,
Where do we all live?
2) Guessing the rebus.
Guess the rebus: P 1 a
Well done, right!
Let's remember the stages of working on the project.
Stage 1: Study of the topic.
Stage 2: Working with additional literature and Internet resources.
Stage 3: Design of work on A4 sheets
Stage 4: message presentation
Creative name of our project « Diversity of nature of the native land» (open on the board)
Fizminutka
5. Working on the topic lesson.
1. Teacher’s message about the Donetsk Ridge.
Donetsk Ridge (Donetsk coal basin is a hill in the south of the East European Plain, on the border of Ukraine and Russia. The total area of the ridge is 23 thousand km.
The Donetsk Ridge is a hill with flat inter-river spaces and valleys that have a mountainous character. Average height surface is 200-300 m. Its highest point - Mogila Mechetnaya - rises 367 m above sea level. The surface is deeply dissected by river valleys, ravines and gullies.
The natural landscape of the region is complemented by the presence of deep quarries, waste heaps, and landslides.
Preobrazhensky V.S. characterizes the relief of Donetsk this way ridge: “One of the most important common features The relief of the Ridge is a combination of vast flat interfluve spaces with relatively deep, steeply sloped valleys, often having a mountainous appearance.”
The valleys are deep, often with bedrock outcrops on the slopes. The watersheds have the appearance of slightly undulating plains, almost completely plowed. A characteristic feature of the relief is the presence of forms of anthropogenic origin: waste heaps, quarries and more. Characteristic feature natural The landscape of the ridge consists of numerous gullies, many of which, due to their unsuitability for agriculture, remain in their original form.
The soils on the outskirts of the ridge are chernozems, in the center they are gray podzolized. In the floodplains of rivers and ravines there are meadow chernozems, meadow-swamp soils, mainly with saline soils.
Project hypothesis We assumed that if in our region there are various natural communities: forests, meadows, rivers - that’s the world The nature of our region is rich and varied.
2. Presentation
3. Work on proverbs.
Animals have always lived next to humans - dogs, cats, poultry and many others. And we are always characterized by curiosity and inquisitiveness, especially children. Noticing the peculiarities of animal behavior, people shared these observations with each other and passed on knowledge from generation to generation. This is how proverbs and sayings about animals appeared. By the way, not only homemade ones tamed animals figure in these proverbs. The person was also interested in wild animals. There are a large number of interesting proverbs and sayings about animals.
Without posture and a horse is a cow.
In the cold the cat does not catch mice.
Every cricket knows its nest.
Give a chicken a garden bed and it will dig up the whole garden.
The legs carry the hare, the teeth feed the wolf, the tail protects the fox.
Every day is not Sunday.
A horse is recognized by its running, and an owl by its flight.
A good owner does not have a bad horse.
4. Messages.
5. Riddles.
Fizminutka
6. Security alive nature. Video
6. Summary lesson. Reflection. Do the tasks on page 85, read the page for the curious on page 86.
PROJECT
« Diversitynaturenativethe edges»
Completed by a student of class 3B
Antishkina Yuna
Nature Kursk region rich and varied. Here, in forest-steppe zone, inhabited by several tens of thousands of species of invertebrate animals and over three hundred vertebrates; There are 265 species of birds, the “main” of which is the famous Kursk nightingale, whose unique trills are considered the highest achievement of bird vocals.
The nightingale sings
Badger Warbler - listed in the Red Book of the Kursk Territory
The steppes and forests of the Kursk region are home to 56 species of mammals: moose, hares, foxes, roe deer, wild boars, badgers, hedgehogs, ferrets, squirrels, and other animals.
About 30 species of fish live in the region's reservoirs. The most common species are perch, gudgeon, roach, bleak, crucian carp, and pike. Less numerous are bream, rudd, tench, ide, burbot, loach, pike perch, and catfish.
On the territory of the region there is the Central Black Earth State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina. Since 1979, the Central Chernobyl Plant has been part of the system biosphere reserves UNESCO world network. Since 1998, CCHZ has been a holder of a diploma from the Council of Europe.
Plants growing in the reserve:
Leafless iris
To
Swimsuit
Photos of insects taken at Kursk State nature reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina.
Peacock eye
Stag beetle
Hawk Moth
Land resourcesFavorable climatic conditions and the fertile soils of the Kursk region add special value to land resources. Nature has rewarded our region with unique wealth - the most fertile black soil. A sample of Kursk chernozem as a standard of fertile soil has been kept in the Soil Museum in Paris since the last century, as well as in the Natural History Museum in Amsterdam and the Soil Science Museum near Leipzig. Kursk chernozems are one of the main sources of economic development of the region.
Kursk chernozem
The diversity of soil and climatic features has made it possible for many centuries to intensively use land potential for growing various agricultural crops and obtain rich harvests that meet the needs of the population not only in our region, but also in other regions.
The land fund of the Kursk region is 2.999 million hectares. The total area of land used for agricultural production is 2.4 million hectares, including arable land - 1.9 million hectares.
Forest resourcesForests of the Kursk region belong to protective forests and have great protective, water protection, sanitary, hygienic and environment-forming significance.
Forest areas are distributed unevenly throughout the region. The western regions of the region are richest in forests, the least forests are in the extreme eastern part of the region. On average, forest cover is 8.2%, taking into account protective plantings - 10.1%.
The territory of the region is occupied mainly by deciduous forests. The most common are oak groves (oak forests), as well as birch, aspen, alder and willow forests.
"Khalinsky" forest
Water resourcesThe Kursk region is located in the basins of the Dnieper and Don rivers (78% and 22% of the region's territory, respectively). In total, there are 902 permanent and temporary watercourses in the region, of which 188 are more than 10 km long.
Of the most significant rivers in the Dnieper basin are the Seym (a tributary of the Desna) with its tributaries Tuskar and Svapa, as well as the Psel (a tributary of the Dnieper). The Don basin is represented by the upper reaches of the Tim, Kshen, Olym, and Oskol rivers. In addition, in the region there are 509 artificial reservoirs - ponds and reservoirs, of which 150 have a filling volume of more than one million cubic meters, including 4 reservoirs with a filling volume of more than thirty million cubic meters.
Seim River
Solid mineralsThe Kursk region has unique mineral resources in terms of volume and diversity. natural resources, capable of meeting the needs of the region, as well as, for some types of raw materials, other regions.
Our region gained worldwide fame almost a century ago as a result of the discovery and research of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), associated primarily with the world's largest reserves of iron ore. 2013 marked the 90th anniversary of the day (April 7, 1923) of the first core being recovered iron ore from well No. 1 OK KMA near the city of Shchigry. This event marked the beginning of the development of the KMA and lifted the curtain on the centuries-old mystery of the anomalies magnetic field.
Iron ore quarry
