Temperate zones of the earth. Southern temperate zone Southern temperate zone
Russia is vast and multifaceted: it is located in two parts of the world at once (Europe and Asia). Because of large sizes it is located in several climatic zones. Climatic features are formed under the influence of many factors, which include temperature, air humidity, amount solar heat and moving air masses. The following climatic zones of Russia are distinguished: arctic, subarctic, temperate and subtropical.
Arctic belt
Arctic climate zone Russia is characterized by the influence of Arctic air masses all year round, little sun, long, frosty winters, little rainfall and no summer. The average winter temperature is -30-35 degrees. In summer the temperature rises slightly above 0 degrees. In winter, the polar night prevails; at this time the surface of the earth does not warm up. In summer under the influence sun rays snow is melting. Proximity to the sea determines the temperature in a particular region with an Arctic climate. So in January on the islands the temperature is -25-30 degrees, and on the mainland -35 degrees.
Zone of influence arctic climate: islands and coast of the Arctic Ocean (Siberia). The natural zone of this region is tundra.
Features of the holiday
The population of the northern regions is small, but people still live here. It attracts tourists unique nature, ice, extreme. IN last years educational tourism is developing here.
Currently, in the Arctic it is possible to cruise on an icebreaker to North Pole, see polar bears, feel the piercing frost, experience harsh conditions. As part of the trip, tourists will be offered a sailboat excursion, a boat trip dog sledding, skiing. Few would dare to make such a journey, and it will not be cheap, but the Arctic is worth visiting.
Particularly lucky tourists can witness the northern lights - a unique, beautiful phenomenon that can be seen in the Arctic. It is not easy to catch it; the best period for this phenomenon is considered to be from September to March.
In addition, you can feel and feel the polar night; at this time the sun does not appear at all. The polar night can last from one day to six months in different places.
Here you can also see unique animals and birds that live in the northern regions - seals, arctic foxes, walruses, polar owls and others.
Subarctic belt
The map of Russian climate zones shows that the subarctic climate zone occupies a zone located in the north of western Russia and reaches 60° N latitude. in the Siberian part of the country. The Subarctic includes the northern zone of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, and some islands of the Barents Sea.
The weather in this type of climate is less severe than in Artik, especially in summer. Winters here are long, frosty, with piercing winds and snowfalls; t varies from -10 to -48 depending on the region.
Summer is warmer than the Arctic. The average t in July, which is the warmest month of the year, varies from +4 to +12 depending on the area. IN summer period Frosts are also possible.
weather in winter time year depends on the influence of cold Arctic air; in summer it is controlled by moderate air masses. There is much more precipitation here than in the neighboring Arctic. The subarctic zone is characterized by marshy terrain, the reason for this is frequent precipitation, which does not evaporate due to lack of sun.
Features of the holiday
Climatic zones on the territory of Russia have their own characteristics of recreation. Harsh winter The subarctic will be attractive to few: freezing cold, blizzards, heavy snowfalls. Daring tourists can go snowmobiling, skiing, sledding, snowboarding and alpine skiing, become a participant in various relay races. Summer is a great time to go into the forest to pick mushrooms and berries, go fishing, visit nature reserves, and visit lakes.
The subarctic territory is not very populated. But even in this climate there are large cities - Norilsk, Anadyr, Murmansk, Yakutsk, Oymyakon and others. Within the cities you can visit theatres, cinemas, museums and other attractions. In the summer, take a walk through parks or streets, see monuments and sculptures.
The subarctic is mainly tundra and forest-tundra, wetlands. The vegetation in this area is dwarf trees and shrubs, mosses and lichens, some types of berries (cloudberries, bearberry). They live in a subarctic climate reindeer, foxes, wolves. Look at wildlife You can travel to the subarctic accompanied by experienced, knowledgeable people.
Temperate climate zone
The temperate climate zone (TCZ) occupies most of Russia. The climatic zones of Russia differ weather events: the action of air masses, the presence of sun and the degree of heat. SCP corresponds to the influence of atmospheric masses with temperate zones. In winter there is little sun and it is cold; In summer it is quite warm, there is a sufficient amount of sun and precipitation.
The map of Russian climate zones in the temperate zone is divided into four climate types. Clear boundaries of Russia's climatic zones can be seen on the map; here you can also see the division of the temperate zone by climate type.
Temperate continental climate
Moderately- continental climate(UKK) is typical for the west of Russia. A map of Russian climate zones shows that this type of climate is characteristic of the cities: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Volgograd and others.
Distinctive features of the UCC are the long-term Cold winter and summer, with sufficient heat and sun. The weather pattern is influenced by the atmospheric masses of the Atlantic. Sunny weather and clear skies, windiness are phenomena characteristic of this type of climate.
The amount of precipitation varies: in northern regions– excess, in the central territory – norm, in the southern part – deficiency. The t-bar also differs in the north and south. In winter in the northern regions the average temperature is -6 degrees, in the south -11 degrees. In summer, the average temperature in the north is +12 degrees, in the south +24 degrees. Thaws are possible in winter and spring.
Features of the holiday
The climatic zones of Russia influence the characteristics of recreation in the regions. In the European part of Russia, where the UKK dominates, there is a concentration of a large number of large cities and the capital is Moscow. They provide a variety of recreational activities for residents and tourists, ranging from visiting museums and restaurants to various festivals and celebrations. But many are interested in where to spend time outdoors.
At any time of the year, in the city or outside the city, you can relax in a boarding house or sanatorium, of which there are plenty in this region. Here, in addition to treatment, tourists will relax, breathe fresh air and change their surroundings.
The unique healing lake Elton in the Volgograd region will attract the attention of those who decide to restore their health. The picturesque Lake Seliger in the Tver region is a famous place for recreation and various festivals. Golden ring– one of the most popular Russian routes where you can see creations human hands: white stone monasteries, churches. The northern capital of St. Petersburg will captivate you with its white nights and drawbridges.
Karelia is an ecologically clean place, tourists come here for a breath of fresh air, picturesque nature, here you can see the cleanest transparent lakes.
Cruises along the endless Volga will be of interest to those who want to see several cities of the Volga region and extraordinary landscapes.
All climatic zones of Russia are interesting in their own way, in the UKK Special attention should be given to architectural monuments and natural attractions.
Continental climate
Due to the lesser influence of the Atlantic, areas dominated by a continental climate (CC) have less precipitation, colder winters and significant fluctuations in temperature. The average t in January is -28 degrees, in summer +15 degrees. The amount of precipitation in the north is greater (600 mm) than in the south (400 mm).
The climatic zones of Russia include the territory on which cities and uninhabited lands are located. The CC zone includes the central and South part Western Siberia: cities of Tobolsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul.
Features of the holiday
The territory under the authority of the KK is rich in natural attractions.
This is where the Altai Republic is located, where people relax both in summer and winter. Summer rest in Altai is one of the most popular destinations in Russia. Picturesque, pristine nature, active entertainment, horseback riding, excursions to caves, whitewater rafting mountain rivers– all this can be obtained as part of a trip to Altai.
The world's largest swamp (Vasyugan) is located on the territory of the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions. In Krasnoyarsk you can visit the Stolby Nature Reserve in the Eastern Sayan Mountains.
The largest ski complex with many prepared slopes and free-ride tracks is located in the village of Sheregesh, Kemerovo region. Both experienced skiers and snowboarders, as well as those who are just starting out, can ski here. Sheregesh has clean air, excellent skiing and soft, real snow.
The healing salt lakes of Khakassia (Tus, Belyo and others) are very popular among vacationers in the summer. In addition to the bases, which are located in close proximity to the lakes, you can also relax in savage tents.
Most of the cities located in the territory where the KK dominates are large with developed infrastructure. On vacation in cities you can visit museums, entertainment centers, theaters, go to the cinema, stroll along embankments and squares.
Outside the cities, you can relax in boarding houses and sanatoriums, or go on a summer picnic, taking a tent with you. IN autumn time in the forest you can collect a good “harvest” of mushrooms and berries.
Sharply continental climate
Russia's climate zones depend on several factors, including air masses coming from the oceans. In the case of a sharp continental climate (RCC) Atlantic Ocean“allows” the summer to be warm and the winter to be very cold. In winter, the temperature can drop to -48 degrees, which is even lower than in the Arctic. Winter begins in November, and sometimes it can snow in October. Summer is short, with t +16+20 degrees.
The boundaries of Russia's climatic zones are not clear. The city located at the junction is under the influence of the air masses of the neighboring territory. In the RKK zone there is Eastern Siberia and the cities of Ulan-Ude, Irkutsk, Chita and others.
Features of the holiday
The pearl and the most popular place Recreation at any time of the year in this region is Lake Baikal. Tourists come here for beauty, emotions and clean air. In the winter, people go ice skating, sledding, snowmobiling, and even driving on the frozen lake. The “roar” of cracking ice and the incredible natural “drawings” on it make an incredible impression on those who come to relax on Lake Baikal. In the warm season there are also a large number of excursions and entertainment. Many pitch tents on the shore and relax as “savages.”
In Chita, tourists can visit national park Alkhanay, where you can enjoy beautiful nature, feed “tame” chipmunks and birds, breathe clean air.
A large number of nature reserves, national parks are located in Buryatia. Here you can see animals, birds and plants. Hiking and cycling tourism is developing in this region along various routes.
Particular attention is paid to event tourism and festivals. Sports competitions, races, and cross-country skiing are held. They organize ethnic festivals, a Buddhist holiday, and widely celebrate the New Year.
Monsoon climate
The Far East is influenced by the monsoon climate (MC). The cities of Magadan, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and the Kuril Islands fall into the MK zone. Weather conditions in the cold season depend on continental air masses, and in the warm season - on Pacific air. The average t in this type of climate in the frosty season is 20-32 degrees. In winter, precipitation is infrequent. In the summer months the average temperature is +16+20 degrees, it often rains.
Features of the holiday
The climatic zones of Russia differ not only in weather conditions, but also in how and where people relax. In the region located in MK, recreational, active and educational tourism is popular.
The volcanoes of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands attract tourists with their inaccessibility and beauty. Some volcanoes of the Kuril Islands are quite difficult to get to, but those who wish can overcome hard way to enjoy the beautiful views.
Kamchatka is a place where people come to see the valley of geysers. Helicopter excursions are organized here. In the valley you can see, in addition to geysers, lakes, thermal areas, waterfalls and other natural attractions.
A large number of waterfalls are located on Sakhalin Island and on Kuril Islands. Some of them are difficult to approach and have to be viewed from the sea.
In each of the cities, educational tourism is organized: in museums of various types you can find out information about the history of the development of a particular city, ethnic characteristics, culture and art.
In Vladivostok you can see modern bridges connecting different parts of the city. Numerous bays, among the largest of which is Avachinskaya, will amaze with their beauty.
A large number of sanatoriums and favorable natural conditions in this area they allow the development of medical tourism. Fresh air, mineral water, various types of healing, beautiful scenery– contribute to the development of sanatorium treatment here.
Subtropical climate zone
All climatic zones of Russia occupy a significant area, except for the Subtropical, which is the smallest zone in terms of territory. The subtropical climate zone includes the cities of the Black Sea coast (Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Krasnodar and others), South coast Crimea (Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Sevastopol and others). Despite the fact that the map of Russian climate zones shows that the territory of the SKP is small, it is very densely populated.
In a subtropical climate winter temperatures rarely fall below zero, and average ts are positive. The Caucasus Mountains are a barrier to cold air masses. This type of climate is characterized by cool winters with slight frosts down to -10 degrees and hot, long summers. The hottest months are July and August, summer lasts from late April to October. The average summer t in Sochi is +29 degrees, in Vladikavkaz +22 degrees. The average winter temperature in Sochi is +8, in Vladikavkaz -1 degree. This climate characterized by sufficient rainfall throughout the year.
Features of the holiday
The territory dominated by a subtropical climate is the most suitable for recreation. Recreational, medical, educational and other types of tourism are developed here.
Summer period on Black Sea coast – favorite time for tourists, maximum amount Vacationers come here in July-August. Warm sea, magnificent scenery, sun, clean air - this is what attracts tourists here. Each of the cities on the Black Sea has attractions: architectural monuments, historical sites, modern buildings, entertainment centers, interesting places created by nature.
IN winter months In Sochi and the Elbrus region there are ski resorts with slopes of varying difficulty levels. In addition to prepared trails, there are freeride trails. Anyone can learn to ride thanks to simple slides and work with instructors.
A favorable climate, the presence of the sea, fresh air, a large number of sunny days and the presence of a medical base have contributed to the development of health tourism in these regions. Many hospitals and sanatoriums are ready to receive tourists throughout the year.
In cities located by the sea, in the warm season you can organize a trip on a boat or yacht on the sea. Here you can go water skiing, scootering, or banana boating.
The presence of the sea encourages diving. Having dived with an experienced instructor into the sea, you can see the inhabitants and underwater landscapes.
Knowing what climatic zones Russia is located in and information about them gives an understanding of weather conditions in a particular city or region. The most favorable zone for living and tourism is the Subtropical zone, where tourists flock throughout the year. The temperate climate occupies the largest area; the bulk of Russian cities, including the capital, are located here. The Arctic and Subarctic zones are the harshest and most unsuitable for life, but people also come here for emotions, ecology and beautiful natural phenomena.
0The temperate zone is one of two geographical zones globe. In the Northern Hemisphere, the temperate climate zone is between 40° and 65° N, in the Southern Hemisphere - between 42° and 58° S. The territory lying in these belts makes up 25% of the planet's surface area. This is significantly larger than the area occupied by any other climatic zone. In the Northern Hemisphere, up to 55% of the territory is land, in the Southern Hemisphere - only 2%, the rest is occupied by the ocean.
A characteristic feature of the temperate zone is that the temperature varies clearly according to the seasons of the year. This is what determines the periodicity of climatic, biological and hydrological processes.
There are four seasons:
1. Two main ones - cold winter and hot summer.
2. Two transitional periods - autumn and spring.
Winter is characterized by a temperature of less than 0 °C, and summer – more than +15 °C. During the cold season, a permanent snow cover forms. The average annual precipitation is 400-500 mm; in summer it can increase to 750 mm. Towards the outskirts of the continents, the amount of precipitation increases to 1500-2000 mm. Throughout the year, westerly transport of air masses occurs in the troposphere, due to which, as well as active cyclonic activity, water vapor is transferred from the oceans to the continents and inter-latitudinal exchange of thermal energy occurs. According to the characteristics of summer and winter, subtypes of temperate climate are distinguished: temperate continental, maritime, monsoon, sharply continental.
On the land of the temperate zone, there is a significant volume of surface runoff, as well as high water fluidity, which provoke intense erosion dissection earth's surface. The amount of runoff in the Northern Hemisphere becomes less from north to south. The temperate zone is characterized by the presence of a large number of lakes.
Temperate subspecies
Throughout the temperate zone there is a variety of vegetation, except for evergreen forms. The most common type of vegetation in the temperate zone is forests (taiga, mixed, broad-leaved). In some areas, steppe landscapes are formed due to insufficient moisture. Accordingly, the fauna includes predominantly forest forms of animals that lead sedentary image life. Inhabitants open spaces are less common.
Natural conditions, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, are varied, which is explained by large differences in humidity and heat, and changes in wind direction. This is due to the active activity of cyclones. On land, there are three types of sectors: inland, western oceanic, and eastern oceanic. The boundaries between them are blurred. In the first and second sectors, the following landscape zones are distinguished as solar radiation increases and moisture decreases: forest, forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert, desert natural areas. The eastern oceanic sectors are characterized by landscapes forest zones, the formation of which occurs under monsoon climate conditions, which is especially pronounced in East Asia.
Temperate land development economic activity human population reaches its highest level in the Atlantic regions of Europe and North America. Industrial anthropogenic landscapes are observed there. Agricultural anthropogenic landscapes are common in steppe and forest-steppe inland regions.
Related materials:general characteristics
Note 1
Temperate climate (temperate climate) is the climate formed in the Northern Hemisphere between 40º - 68º northern latitude and in the Southern Hemisphere between 42º - 58º south latitude. More than 50% of the surface of the temperate zone in the Northern Hemisphere is land; in the Southern Hemisphere, 98% of the temperate zone is covered by sea.
For climatic conditions The temperate zone is characterized by strong and frequent changes in air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind direction, caused by intense cyclone activity.
The main feature of the temperate zone climate is the presence of seasons: two main ones - cold and warm (winter and summer) and two intermediate ones (autumn and spring).
The average temperature of the coldest month is less than 0 ºС, and the warmest month is more than +15 ºС. Winter is characterized by precipitation in the form of snow. The average annual precipitation is 500-800 mm.
Temperate climates are divided into:
- temperate marine;
- temperate continental;
- sharply continental;
- monsoon.
The predominant temperate winds are temperate westerlies. They blow from the subtropical ridge to the polar front, between 35º and 65º north and south latitude. They are represented by the near-surface part of the Ferrell cell and part of the global processes of air mass circulation.
Western winds can form on their borders outside tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones can penetrate through the subtropical ridge into the zone of westerly winds. Losing strength, thanks to the speed gradient of the westerly winds of the temperate zone, they become stronger again.
Westerly winds blow most strongly in winter (the pressure above the poles is higher); in summer their effect is much less. Westerly winds show their maximum strength in the Southern Hemisphere, since there is little land there that tends to delay or deflect the wind.
Between 40º and 50º south latitude there is a band of strong temperate westerlies known as the Roaring Forties. These winds play a huge role in the formation of ocean currents, which carry warm equatorial waters to the western shores of the continents.
Temperate maritime climate
A temperate maritime climate is a climate that forms over the oceans and extends to the coastal areas of continents.
Temperate maritime climates are characterized by:
- positive values mean annual temperatures;
- low daily and annual temperature range;
- cool summer;
- mild winter;
- significant amount of precipitation (900 – 1200 mm);
- high humidity.
Precipitation amounts vary greatly depending on the meridian location of mountain ranges. Thus, in Bergen (Europe, west of the Scandinavian mountains) more than 2500 mm of precipitation falls per year, and to the east of the mountains, in Stockholm - 540 mm. In North America, to the west of the Cascade Mountains falls from 3000 to 6000 mm per year, and to the east - 500 mm.
The annual maximum and minimum temperatures occur in February and August (in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively), which is determined by the high heat capacity of water.
In temperate latitudes, the temperate maritime climate is characterized by abnormally mild winters. The average temperature in February (the coldest month) can be positive and correspond to the average temperature of the cold months of the subtropical zone. There is no permanent snow cover. The average temperature in August (most warm month) lower than at similar latitudes in continental regions.
Inland and sharply continental climate
The intracontinental climate of temperate latitudes is formed and spreads over the continents at some distance from the oceans. It has a temperate and continental climate. Found in the Northern Hemisphere. Due to lack large territories land in the temperate zone in the Southern Hemisphere there is no inland climate.
Characteristic features of inland climate:
- high annual temperature amplitudes (freezing winters and warm summers);
- high Atmosphere pressure, especially in winter;
- the amount of precipitation decreases from north to south and as you move deeper into the continent.
From the coastal zone to the interior of the continent, forest landscapes give way to steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. The most continental climate is observed in Oymyakon (Verkhoyansk region, Yakutia) in northeast Eurasia. Here, the average temperature in January is -50 ºС, and the minimum recorded is -70 ºС.
In the interior of the continent, on high plateaus and mountainous regions, winters have little snow and are harsh, precipitation is scanty and falls mainly in the summer.
A sharply continental climate is characteristic of the interior regions of continents, isolated from the waters of the World Ocean and under the influence of areas of high pressure. Continental air of temperate latitudes prevails here throughout the year. There is little precipitation (up to 400 mm), the moisture coefficient is less than 1, that is, the humidity is low.
The weather type is anticyclonic. Significant fluctuations in daily and annual temperatures are typical. Winds are mostly light. Winters have little snow, are very harsh and long. In the central and eastern regions of the Sakha Republic, at the cold pole, temperatures can drop to -65 ºС. Summer is warm but short average temperature the warmest month is +15 - +20 ºС. There is more precipitation than in winter. Most of them occur in July.
A sharply continental climate is typical for the interior regions of Eurasia and North America, and for Russia (Central and Eastern Siberia).
Monsoon climate
Monsoon climate- a climate characteristic of areas of the planet where atmospheric circulation occurs in the form of monsoons.
Characteristic features: almost complete absence of precipitation in winter and its sharp predominance in summer; significant air humidity in summer. Thus, in India (Mumbai) up to 600-800 mm of precipitation falls in summer, and from 3 to 8 mm in winter.
Monsoon climate occurs mainly in areas where the wind changes direction in summer and winter and carries dry air or moisture. Monsoon climates are rare in temperate latitudes. Basically it is a continuation of the subtropical or tropical monsoon. IN equatorial belt monsoons are very weakly expressed or absent altogether, which is explained by the weak annual change of winds.
Northern temperate zone
Northern temperate zone
in the Northern Hemisphere, between the subarctic and northern subtropical zone, for the most part between 40 and 65° N. w. OK. 55% of the belt area is occupied by land - one of the highest continental indicators for natural zones Earth. In the Old World it covers vast areas in the north and center. parts of Eurasia - most of the European subcontinent, Siberia, Center. and Wed. Asia, D. East. In the New World, the temperate zone belongs to the center. districts of the North American continent.
The climate is characterized by a clear seasonality, expressed in a large temperature difference between the cold and warm periods of the year, which is aggravated due to continentality. Winters with negative temperatures predominate (up to –50 °C average monthly and –70 °C minimum), on the coasts with slightly positive values; Typical is stable snow cover, which lasts from 1 to 8 months. per year. Wed. the warmest temperature summer month ranges from 12 to 22 °C, max. exceeds 50 °C. Annual amplitude temperatures in inland regions can be up to 100 °C or more. Air masses of temperate latitudes with a characteristic west dominate. transfer; intense cyclonic activity contributes to the flow of large amounts of precipitation from the ocean to the continents. Their annual amounts increase on the outskirts of continents to 800–2000 mm, in inland regions they decrease to 100–200 mm, and on the windward slopes of oceanic ridges they reach 5000–8000 mm. In the mountain regions, the altitudinal zonation of climate and landscapes is clearly expressed.
In the northern part of the land belt there is an abundance of surface water. A dense river network, numerous fresh lakes (especially those of glacial origin), and vast areas occupied by swamps. In winter, there is stable ice cover on reservoirs, which lasts for several months of the year. As you move south, the amount of precipitation and water content of rivers decrease. Vast areas in the center. parts of the continents belong to the area of internal flow, where the river network is sparse or absent; there are a number of large ones (Caspian and Aral seas, Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, Bolshoye Solenoe, etc.) and many small salt lakes, including drying ones.
Flat and plateau terrain predominates. Low and medium-altitude mountains are characteristic of the outskirts of continents; there are highlands (Pamir, Tien Shan, Caucasus, Alps, etc.). North the plains and ridges of the mountains bear traces of glacial processing Quaternary period. Non-glacial regions are characterized by erosional dissection; in the south there is arid relief with aeolian forms. Characteristic are podzolic, brown and gray forest soils, to a lesser extent chernozems and chestnut soils. Forests are widespread. Taiga grows in the north of the belt. In areas with a warmer climate, with sufficient moisture, coniferous-deciduous and broadleaf forests. The south of the belt is occupied by forest-steppes, steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. The natural landscapes of the steppe and forest-steppe, which have almost everywhere been transformed into agriculture, have been most significantly changed by man. landscapes. Deserts and northern regions are the least developed. taiga.
Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .
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The temperate climate zone is present on all continents of the earth except Antarctica. In the Southern and Northern Hemispheres they have some features. In general, 25% of the earth's surface has a temperate climate. Distinctive feature This climate is that all seasons are inherent in it, and four seasons are clearly visible. The main ones are hot summer and frosty winter, transitional ones are spring and autumn.
Change of seasons
In winter, the air temperature drops well below zero degrees, with an average of -20 degrees Celsius, and the minimum drops to -50. Precipitation falls in the form of snow and covers the ground with a thick layer, which different countries lasts from several weeks to several months. There are many cyclones.
Summer in temperate climates is quite hot - temperatures can be more than +20 degrees Celsius, and in some places even +35 degrees. Average annual precipitation in different regions varies from 500 to 2000 millimeters, which depends on the distance from the seas and oceans. Quite a lot of rain falls in the summer, sometimes up to 750 mm per season. During transition seasons, temperatures below zero and above zero may remain different times. Some areas are warmer, while others are cooler. In some regions, autumn can be quite rainy.
In the temperate climate zone, thermal energy is exchanged with other latitudes throughout the year. Water vapor is also transferred from the World Ocean to land. There are a fairly large number of reservoirs inside the mainland.
Temperate subtypes
Due to the influence of some climatic factors The following subspecies of the temperate zone have formed:
- sea – summers are not very hot with a lot of precipitation, and winters are mild;
- monsoon – weather conditions depends on the circulation of air masses, namely the monsoons;
- transitional from maritime to continental;
- sharply continental - winters are harsh and cold, and summers are short and not particularly hot.
Features of a temperate climate
In temperate climates, various natural zones are formed, but most often these are also broad-leaved and mixed. Sometimes there is a steppe. Animal world represented by individuals for forests and steppes, respectively.
Thus, the temperate climate covers most of Eurasia and North America, Australia, Africa and South America represented by several foci. This is a very special climatic zone, distinguished by the fact that all seasons are clearly expressed in it.
