How wonderful and rich nature is! (School essays). The unique and inimitable nature of Russia What a wealth of nature

1. What natural resources did primitive man use?

Primitive man used only what was close to him on the surface of the earth or in shallow depths of reservoirs. They did not yet know how to explore the subsoil or great depths, or develop minerals.

They collected vegetation for food, used trees for fires and building houses, and made tools and the same building materials from stones.

It is impossible to live without water, especially fresh water. Also, aquatic inhabitants and land animals were used for food, clothing and household utensils.

2. What natural resources do people use to support life?

For life and development, humanity uses many natural resources: the resources of the world ocean; gifts of forests and fields; soil fertility; minerals from the bowels

All natural resources need careful use and protection. It is necessary to prevent the complete disappearance, as well as the inclusion in the Red Book as endangered, of many species of plants and animals. The next generations of people should not only see all the possible gifts of nature, but also increase them.

3. What are the differences between natural conditions and natural resources?

There are significant differences between these two concepts, here are some of them:

1. Involvement in economic activity. Natural resources, unlike natural conditions, are almost always involved in the economic activities of mankind.

2. Central characteristic in the concept. For natural conditions main characteristic is that they are a set of factors, but natural resources, the understanding of the term is built through the fact that it is a set of non-anthropogenic factors of production.

That is, natural resources are the result of activities in natural conditions.

4. What natural resource is most needed by humanity?

The answer to this question is clear – water. This is one of those resources without which human existence is simply impossible, but in its absence it will be irreplaceable, unlike other vital resources.

5. Based on Fig. 218 of the textbook, determine what types of natural resources are in our area. Give examples.

Resources can be exhaustible (forests, rivers, etc.) and inexhaustible (sun, air, etc.); renewable and non-renewable.

The Chelyabinsk region has rich and varied natural resources.

Mineral resources are concentrated in more than 300 mineral deposits, highest value among which there are deposits of iron and copper-zinc ores, gold, refractory raw materials, talc, graphite and quartz.

The Chelyabinsk region is a monopolist in Russia in the extraction and processing of graphite (95%), magnesite (95%), talc (70%), and metallurgical dolomite (71%).

The region has unlimited reserves of facing stones with a wide range of colors and varied patterns.

6. List the continents rich in: oil and gas, non-ferrous metals, water resources, biological resources.

The richest continents in terms of oil and gas deposits include: North America and Eurasia.

Most non-ferrous metals are found in Eurasia, and also, despite its small size, in Australia.

Of course, South America is the richest in water resources; Eurasia comes in second place after this continent.

According to the criterion of the amount of biological resources, the leaders are also Eurasia and South America, just in a different order.

7. List the resources of the World Ocean that people are able to use today and in the future.

In the future, humanity will be able to use only inexhaustible and renewable resources of the ocean, since exhaustible ones can be completely used up. Reserves of oil and gas and minerals mined on the shelf will run out. Biological resources can be used in the future only if rational use today, i.e. It is necessary to prevent the complete extermination of many species of ocean inhabitants. Without restrictions, it will be possible to use the energy of tides, waves and currents, temperature differences, as well as sea ​​water and the substances it contains.

9. Establish a correspondence between the type of use of natural resources and sectors of the economy.

Directly use Natural resources – 1,2,3,4,5,8

Processing and processing of natural resources – 4,5,6,12,13

Do not use natural resources – 7,9,10,11,14

School of Regional Geographers

Make a forecast of changes in the nature of the Earth, subject to the disappearance of the cover glaciers of Greenland and Antarctica.

Most of the continents of our planet will be flooded, only a few will remain on the surface most of Eurasia.

Having visited Crimea, the Chilean poet and political figure Pablo Neruda enthusiastically wrote: “Crimea is an order on the chest of planet Earth!” And indeed, if you look at it from a bird's eye view, you will see that the diamond-shaped Crimean peninsula really resembles an order attached to the European continent by a narrow chain of the Perekop Isthmus and the Arabat Spit. Historian Neil Asherson called Crimea “the big brown diamond”; The climate and nature of the peninsula was admired by all scientists, writers, poets and artists who visited Taurida. Let’s try to talk in a few words about the richness of Crimean nature and its features.

Position: between geography and geopolitics

Geographically located at the junction of Europe and Asia, Crimea took a little from each of these parts of the world: in the north of the peninsula there are Asian steppes, and in the south there are mountains and subtropics, reminiscent of the resort areas of Greece and Italy. The steppe zone, covering most of the central, western and eastern Crimea, begins in Crimea - and stretches far to the east, all the way to Mongolia and Northern China. It is not for nothing that in the Middle Ages this gigantic territory was called the Wild Field - it was from there that countless hordes of Scythians, Sarmatians, Huns, Khazars, Mongols and other nomads came to Europe. Crimea is connected to the continent only by a few narrow strips of isthmuses and sandbanks, waterways through the Sivash salt lakes in the north and east, as well as a long strip of the Arabat Spit. Neil Asherson divided Crimea into three historical zones: the steppe north, inhabited by nomads (the body zone); the south, with its cities and civilizations (zone of reason); the mountains between them are the zone of the spirit, where mountain principalities and monasteries were located. In his opinion, the steppe zone of the body always attacked the southern coastal civilization zone of the mind, and the buffer territory between them was mountain zone spirit. Since May 2018, in the east, Crimea has been connected to the continent by the famous “construction site of the 21st century” - the Kerch (or Crimean) Bridge.

Mountains

The steppe zone is reflected from the warm and humid southern coast of Crimea by three ridges of the Crimean mountains: External, Internal and Main. Each of them looks typologically the same: gentle from the north, these ridges are steep from the south. The outer (northern) ridge is the lowest (up to 350 m); The inner (otherwise the second) ridge is up to 750 m high. The most picturesque is the Main (third, or southern) ridge with peaks more than a kilometer high: Chatyr-Dag (1527 m), Demerdzhi (1356 m) and Roman-kosh (1545 m). Another curious feature of the Crimean mountains is the fact that almost all of them end not with sharp peaks, but, on the contrary, with undulating plateaus, called by the Turkic term “yayla” (translated as “summer pasture for livestock”). The total area of ​​the yayla zones is 1565 km². IN Soviet time Various projects were put forward for the reclamation of these high mountain plateaus for subsequent use for agricultural purposes. For various reasons, they were not implemented, and now most of the yayls are nature reserves.

Water resources

The Crimean peninsula is washed by the waters of two seas - the Black and Azov. The length of the Crimean coastline is quite long - 2500 km, however, about half of this space falls on the Sivash region, which is practically unsuitable for recreation and swimming. At all, water resources Taurida is more than diverse: there are also mountain rivers, and lakes, and estuaries, and waterfalls, and reservoirs, and much more. Unfortunately, all this diversity is completely insufficient to provide residents and visitors of the peninsula with fresh water. The situation became doubly tense in 2014 due to the cessation of operation of the North Crimean Canal, cut off from Crimea by order of the Ukrainian authorities. The longest river of the peninsula is the Salgir, which stretches 232 km from Mount Chatyrdag to Sivash, however, the longest deep rivers are Chernaya and Belbek. IN summer time Many Crimean rivers are almost completely dry. Another curious specific feature of Crimea is the abundance of salt lakes with healing mud; There are especially many of them in the north of Crimea. Despite the fact that it is possible to develop a medical and tourism industry similar to Israel's, this resource is still underutilized.

Flora

The flora of Crimea is amazing and diverse: in total, about 2,500 species of wild plants grow here. higher plants, many of which are listed in the Red Book. What makes Crimean vegetation so special and different? Firstly, about 250 species of so-called endemics grow in Crimea - i.e. plants that are found only in Crimea and nowhere else. Secondly, there are also many relics in Crimea, i.e. types of vegetation that have not changed for many millions of years and have been preserved in their original form. Thirdly, the Crimean vegetation has analogues among plants of other Black Sea and Mediterranean regions - due to a similar climate, and also because about 1000 plant species were brought to Crimea by colonists from their place of residence. It is for this reason that the flora of Crimea has its current, diverse and amazing character. Among the most notable plants of Crimea, it is worth highlighting the Steven maple, Stankevich pine, yew berry, juniper, pyramidal cypress, Crimean thyme, Poyarkova hawthorn, wormwood, feather grass and many others.[С-BLOCK]

The Crimean flora, as well as the fauna, can also be divided into steppe, mountain and south-coast. In northern Crimea and the Kerch Peninsula, steppe vegetation and stunted shrubs predominate. Further, in the foothills, the steppe is replaced by forest-steppe: not only shrubs, but also trees such as oak, juniper, hornbeam and pear appear here. Even further south, in the zone of the Inner Ridge, tree diversity becomes richer, oak and beech forests, hawthorn, mackerel, dogwood, ash and linden appear. At an altitude of 1000 m, already in the area of ​​the Main Ridge, the trees disappear: the majestic expanses of the yayla are practically treeless and resemble high-mountain steppe expanses. It is there that about 25% of Crimean endemics grow. On South Coast In Crimea you can find a belt of pine forests, which, in general, is not very typical for the peninsula. In addition to natural forests, a significant part of Crimea is also occupied by artificial plantings, parks and botanical gardens. The most famous of them are Alupka and Massandra parks, as well as those founded by Kh.Kh. Stephen back in the 19th century Nikitsky Botanical Garden.

Fauna

The animal world of Crimea is no less unique. Since the peninsula is virtually isolated from the mainland, it formed unique complex animal species, different from the species composition of nearby Ukraine and mainland Russia. A specific feature of the Crimean fauna is high level endemism, i.e. the presence of species unique to Crimea. On the other hand, it is extremely curious that in Crimea there are not many animals living in neighboring territories. In general, more than 60 species of mammals live in Crimea. The largest of them are the Crimean red deer, fallow deer and wild boar. For a long time there were no wolves in Crimea, however, in last years There is a movement of gray predators to Crimea from the territory of southern Ukraine. As a politically illiterate animal, the wolf does not pay attention to the conflict between Crimea and Ukraine in 2014 state border. In the Black and Azov Seas there are three species of dolphins and – extremely rarely – a monk seal. There are more than 300 species of birds in Crimea. The largest are the crane, bustard, swans, geese and large predators: steppe eagle, black vulture, golden eagle, peregrine falcon and eagle owl. The best place For bird watching in Crimea, there is the Swan Islands Nature Reserve in the north-west of the peninsula.

Insects

The entomofauna (insects) of Crimea numbers, according to various estimates, from 10 to 15 thousand species. There are about 2000 species of butterflies alone in Crimea! It’s not for nothing that the lover of lepidoptera, Vladimir Nabokov, felt so good in Crimea - whose first article was on English language It was precisely dedicated to Crimean butterflies. Of the most notable endemic insect species, it is worth highlighting the Crimean ground beetle, the Black Sea marigold butterfly, the brilliant beauty dragonfly and the Smirnov horsefly. It is especially pleasant that among the animals and insects of Crimea there are practically no poisonous ones, and those that live there (for example, scolopendra, scorpion, tarantula, salpuga, steppe viper) are so rare that cases of attacks on people are rare.

This is what natural beauty looks like in a nutshell Crimean peninsula. There is everything for the most demanding traveler: mountains, sea, bays, waterfalls, steppes, salt and fresh lakes, natural and artificial caves, nature reserves and parks, unique endemic plants, trees, animals and insects. To make sure of this, pack your luggage, put your errands aside, buy tickets - and explore our treasure peninsula on your own. Crimea is waiting for you!

Having visited Crimea, the Chilean poet and politician Pablo Neruda enthusiastically wrote: “Crimea is an order on the chest of planet Earth!” And indeed, if you look at it from a bird's eye view, you will see that the diamond-shaped Crimean peninsula really resembles an order attached to the European continent by a narrow chain of the Perekop Isthmus and the Arabat Spit. Historian Neil Asherson called Crimea “the big brown diamond”; The climate and nature of the peninsula was admired by all scientists, writers, poets and artists who visited Taurida. Let’s try to talk in a few words about the richness of Crimean nature and its features.

Position: between geography and geopolitics

Geographically located at the junction of Europe and Asia, Crimea took a little from each of these parts of the world: in the north of the peninsula there are Asian steppes, and in the south there are mountains and subtropics, reminiscent of the resort areas of Greece and Italy. The steppe zone, covering most of the central, western and eastern Crimea, begins in Crimea - and stretches far to the east, all the way to Mongolia and Northern China. It is not for nothing that in the Middle Ages this gigantic territory was called the Wild Field - it was from there that countless hordes of Scythians, Sarmatians, Huns, Khazars, Mongols and other nomads came to Europe. Crimea is connected to the continent only by a few narrow strips of isthmuses and sandbanks, waterways through the Sivash salt lakes in the north and east, as well as a long strip of the Arabat Spit. Neil Asherson divided Crimea into three historical zones: the steppe north, inhabited by nomads (the body zone); the south, with its cities and civilizations (zone of reason); the mountains located between them are the zone of the spirit, where mountain principalities and monasteries were located. In his opinion, the steppe zone of the body always attacked the southern coastal civilization zone of the mind, and the buffer territory between them was the mountain zone of the spirit. Since May 2018, in the east, Crimea has been connected to the continent by the famous “construction site of the 21st century” - the Kerch (or Crimean) Bridge.

The steppe zone is reflected from the warm and humid southern coast of Crimea by three ridges of the Crimean mountains: External, Internal and Main. Each of them looks typologically the same: gentle from the north, these ridges are steep from the south. The outer (northern) ridge is the lowest (up to 350 m); The inner (otherwise the second) ridge is up to 750 m high. The most picturesque is the Main (third, or southern) ridge with peaks more than a kilometer high: Chatyr-Dag (1527 m), Demerdzhi (1356 m) and Roman-kosh (1545 m). Another curious feature of the Crimean mountains is the fact that almost all of them end not with sharp peaks, but, on the contrary, with undulating plateaus, called by the Turkic term “yayla” (translated as “summer pasture for livestock”). The total area of ​​the yayla zones is 1565 km². In Soviet times, various projects were put forward for the reclamation of these high mountain plateaus for subsequent use for agricultural purposes. For various reasons, they were not implemented, and now most of the yayls are nature reserves.

Water resources

The Crimean peninsula is washed by the waters of two seas - the Black and Azov. The length of the Crimean coastline is quite long - 2500 km, however, about half of this space falls on the Sivash region, which is practically unsuitable for recreation and swimming. In general, the water resources of Taurida are more than diverse: there are mountain rivers, lakes, estuaries, waterfalls, reservoirs, and much more. Unfortunately, all this diversity is completely insufficient to provide residents and visitors of the peninsula with fresh water. The situation became doubly tense in 2014 due to the cessation of operation of the North Crimean Canal, cut off from Crimea by order of the Ukrainian authorities. The longest river of the peninsula is the Salgir, which stretches 232 km from Mount Chatyrdag to Sivash, however, the deepest rivers are the Chernaya and Belbek. In summer, many Crimean rivers dry up almost completely. Another curious specific feature of Crimea is the abundance of salt lakes with healing mud; There are especially many of them in the north of Crimea. Despite the fact that it is possible to develop a medical and tourism industry similar to Israel's, this resource is still underutilized.

The flora of Crimea is amazing and diverse: in total, about 2,500 species of wild higher plants grow here, many of which are listed in the Red Book. What makes Crimean vegetation so special and different? Firstly, about 250 species of so-called endemics grow in Crimea - i.e. plants that are found only in Crimea and nowhere else. Secondly, there are also many relics in Crimea, i.e. types of vegetation that have not changed for many millions of years and have been preserved in their original form. Thirdly, the Crimean vegetation has analogues among plants of other Black Sea and Mediterranean regions - due to a similar climate, and also because about 1000 plant species were brought to Crimea by colonists from their place of residence. It is for this reason that the flora of Crimea has its current, diverse and amazing character. Among the most notable plants of Crimea, it is worth highlighting Steven's maple, Stankevich pine, yew berry, juniper, pyramidal cypress, Crimean thyme, Poyarkova's hawthorn, wormwood, feather grass and many others. [C-BLOCK]

The Crimean flora, as well as the fauna, can also be divided into steppe, mountain and south-coast. In northern Crimea and the Kerch Peninsula, steppe vegetation and stunted shrubs predominate. Further, in the foothills, the steppe is replaced by forest-steppe: not only shrubs, but also trees such as oak, juniper, hornbeam and pear appear here. Even further south, in the zone of the Inner Ridge, tree diversity becomes richer, oak and beech forests, hawthorn, mackerel, dogwood, ash and linden appear. At an altitude of 1000 m, already in the area of ​​the Main Ridge, the trees disappear: the majestic expanses of the yayla are practically treeless and resemble high-mountain steppe expanses. It is there that about 25% of Crimean endemics grow. On the southern coast of Crimea you can find a belt of pine forests, which, in general, is not very typical for the peninsula. In addition to natural forests, a significant part of Crimea is also occupied by artificial plantings, parks and botanical gardens. The most famous of them are the Alupka and Massandra parks, as well as the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, founded by H. H. Steven back in the 19th century.

The animal world of Crimea is no less unique. Since the peninsula is virtually isolated from the mainland, a unique complex of animal species has formed on it, different from the species composition of nearby Ukraine and mainland Russia. A specific feature of the Crimean fauna is a high level of endemism, i.e. the presence of species unique to Crimea. On the other hand, it is extremely curious that in Crimea there are not many animals living in neighboring territories. In general, more than 60 species of mammals live in Crimea. The largest of them are the Crimean red deer, fallow deer and wild boar. For a long time there were no wolves in Crimea at all, however, in recent years there has been a movement of gray predators to Crimea from the territory of southern Ukraine. As a politically illiterate animal, the wolf does not pay attention to the state border drawn between Crimea and Ukraine in 2014. In the Black and Azov Seas there are three species of dolphins and - extremely rarely - a monk seal. There are more than 300 species of birds in Crimea. The largest are the crane, bustard, swans, geese and large predators: the steppe eagle, black vulture, golden eagle, peregrine falcon and eagle owl. The best place for bird watching in Crimea is the Swan Islands Nature Reserve in the north-west of the peninsula.

Insects

The entomofauna (insects) of Crimea numbers, according to various estimates, from 10 to 15 thousand species. There are about 2000 species of butterflies alone in Crimea! It is not for nothing that the lover of lepidoptera, Vladimir Nabokov, felt so good in Crimea - whose first article in English was dedicated to Crimean butterflies. Of the most notable endemic insect species, it is worth highlighting the Crimean ground beetle, the Black Sea marigold butterfly, the brilliant beauty dragonfly and the Smirnov horsefly. It is especially pleasant that among the animals and insects of Crimea there are practically no poisonous ones, and those that live there (for example, scolopendra, scorpion, tarantula, salpuga, steppe viper) are so rare that cases of attacks on people are rare.

This is a brief summary of the natural beauty of the Crimean Peninsula. There is everything for the most demanding traveler: mountains, sea, bays, waterfalls, steppes, salt and fresh lakes, natural and artificial caves, nature reserves and parks, unique endemic plants, trees, animals and insects. To make sure of this, pack your luggage, put your errands aside, buy tickets - and explore our treasure peninsula on your own. Crimea is waiting for you!

Anyone who has been lucky enough to visit our country at least once in their life, in any part of it, will agree with the statement that the nature of Russia is not only amazing, but in some places it is completely unique. Why do we now take as a basis the opinion of guests of our state, and not the Russians themselves? The answer is much simpler than it might seem at first glance. The thing is that, having been born, say, in Siberia or Kamchatka, we sometimes do not pay attention to the local beauties, taking them for granted. But in vain...

In general, I would like to note that since the territory of our homeland is quite vast, it is not surprising that the flora and fauna of one area sometimes differs significantly from the flora and fauna of the neighboring territory. For example, the nature of Central Russia differs significantly from its northern or, say, southern regions.

This article is aimed at telling in as much detail as possible about the characteristic features of various territories of our country. The nature of Russia will appear before readers in all its colors, shades and variations.

Arctic desert states

The Arctic deserts of Russia have such characteristic features, as a huge amount of ice and snow, as well as high air humidity, averaging 85%.

But on rocky shores You can see numerous nesting sites of seabirds.

Today, many scientists are working on the question of how to preserve the nature of Russia in this area. Moreover, it should be noted that this must be done as soon as possible, otherwise entire species of unique animals and plants may be lost forever.

What is it like, tundra?

The tundra zone is located mainly along the coast of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. She is the territory strong winds, cold, polar day and night and heavy clouds.

Here the winter is harsh and long (8-9 months), but the summer is short and cold. It happens that the temperature in the Asian tundra even reaches 52 °C. About 70% of the entire tundra territory is swampy. This happened due to constant long-term freezing of the soil.

On the coast you can find a young flat topography, a little to the south there are hilly terrain, ridges of glacial origin and hills. Earth's surface The tundra is almost completely dotted with shallow lakes.

As for the flora, its basis is formed by lichens, mosses, and various low-growing plants (herbs, shrubs, shrubs). The following species are especially common: dwarf birch, willow, alder, sedge, lingonberry.

In general, we note that the tundra is divided into three so-called subzones: arctic, lichen-moss, and southern shrub.

Characteristic features of forest-tundra

Forest-tundra is a zone where the tundra gradually begins to transform into forest. In this place, the nature of Russia, the geography of the region plays an important role, is quite diverse. Her characteristics- these are the so-called sparse island forests, located in the interfluves and consisting mainly of Siberian spruce, larch and birch.

This sparseness of the forests is explained by the harsh climate conditions, although here the summers are much warmer than in the tundra, and the wind speed is much lower.

One more characteristic feature forest-tundra is considered a large number of sphagnum peat bogs.

For approximately 9 months this area is covered with snow. In summer, the slopes of river valleys here are covered with motley and colorful meadows. Ranunculus, valerian and berryweed grow everywhere. By the way, the local meadows serve as magnificent pastures for deer. In addition, the Russian nature in this area is considered an excellent habitat for many animals (usually arctic foxes and lemmings) and birds.

Here you can easily find a wide variety of waterfowl: geese, ducks and swans. But for the winter there are very few birds left here - only the snowy owl and partridge.

Endless taiga

The taiga zone in Russia occupies the largest area among the rest. It extends from the western borders of the Russian Federation right up to the coast Sea of ​​Japan. Geographically, the taiga is located in the subarctic and temperate climate zone.

It is here that many rivers of Russia originate, for example, the Volga, Vyatka, Onega, Kama, Lena, Vasyugan, Pur, Taz, Vilyui, etc.

This zone is characterized by the presence of many swamps, groundwater, lakes, and large reservoirs. The main type of vegetation in the taiga is forests, both light-coniferous and dark-coniferous. The surrounding area is also dominated by larches, with slightly smaller quantities of pine, spruce, fir and cedar.

Among the forests there are sufficient meadows and various swamps.

Are you really interested in Russian wildlife? Siberia is just the place to go. Animal world It's very heterogeneous here. The eastern taiga is richer in fauna, where you can easily see hazel grouse, sable, capercaillie, waterfowl, brown bear, wolverine, squirrel, lynx, elk and hare.

Unfortunately, today there is active logging in this area. How to preserve the nature of Russia in this situation still remains a practically unsolvable mystery.

Mixed and broad-leaved forests of the country

The zone is much warmer and more humid compared to the taiga. It's long here and warm summer, and the winter is not particularly harsh, which, by the way, favors the appearance of such a huge number of broad-leaved trees.

Note that the rivers here are full of water, which means that the soil swampiness is very low. In general, this zone is characterized by soddy-podzolic and brown forest soils, rich in minerals.

In most cases, forests are represented by oak, spruce, maple, linden, pine, ash, hazel, Korean cedar, birch, aspen and shrubs.

The nature of central Russia is very generous with its inhabitants. Today, animals such as bison, elk, wolf, wild boar, wolf, marten, dormouse and muskrat are found here in large numbers. Among the birds you can find orioles, grosbeaks, woodpeckers, etc.

Unfortunately, now many species of plants and animals living in the Far Eastern mixed and deciduous forests, are extremely few in number, or even disappear altogether. For example, in wildlife It is already almost impossible to meet sika deer and Amur tiger, and on the slopes you most likely will not find real ginseng anymore.

Russian forest-steppe

The forest-steppe zone is a kind of transition between forest and steppe. Here, broad-leaved, small-leaved and pine forests on gray soils alternate with mixed-grass meadow steppes formed directly on chernozems.

The nature of Russia in this area is divided into western and eastern forest-steppe. The hills and valleys are separated by numerous ravines and ravines.

Oak dominates everywhere here, sometimes there are birch groves, forbs, grasses. Note that a significant part of the population lives in the forest-steppe; industrial and grain crops are cultivated here in huge quantities.

Steppe zone

The steppe zone is characterized by dry summers, cold winter and a very modest amount of precipitation. About once every three years there is no rain at all for a long time, which means severe drought sets in.

Characteristic feature steppe zone is treelessness. Before the plowing of the steppe territories, herbaceous vegetation with a predominance of feather grass, bluegrass, fescue, and steppe oats was found everywhere here. Now the situation has changed somewhat and, unfortunately, not for the better.

The soils in the north of the steppe zone are typical chernozems. Rodents live everywhere here; the most common are gophers, marmots, mole rats, and hamsters. Ferrets, foxes, and weasels feed on them. Among the birds you can see are eagles, larks and demoiselle cranes.

Today, it is the steppe that is most developed by people. It is rightfully considered the most important agricultural zone.

Desert and semi-desert zones

Semi-deserts and deserts occupy a very small territory in Russia, which is located strictly within the Caspian lowland.

It should be noted that it is here that the highest level of the so-called annual solar radiation(120 kcal/cm2).

Summers are hot, but winters are cold and with little snow. This zone is characterized by zonal grass-wormwood vegetation, solonetzes and areas of semi-fixed sand.

Wheatgrass, fescue, thin-legged algae, blue-green algae, feather grass, etc. grow in huge quantities here.

Among the animals there are many rodents, and the most common are jerboas, gerbils, gophers and brown hare. In addition, wolves, foxes, ferrets and badgers live in the desert and semi-desert zone.

Nature is a kind of absolute for man; without it, human life is simply impossible; this truth is not obvious to everyone, judging by the way people care about nature. A person receives everything necessary for life from environment, nature provides the conditions for all life forms on earth to thrive. The role of nature in human life is fundamental. It is worth mentioning categorical facts and looking at specific examples of what nature gives to man. In nature, everything is interconnected; if one element disappears, the whole chain will fail.

What does nature give to man?

Air, earth, water, fire - the four elements, eternal manifestations of nature. There is no need to explain that without air, human life is simply impossible. Why don’t people, when clearing forests, worry about new plantings so that the trees can continue to work for the benefit of purifying the air? The earth gives people so many benefits that it is difficult to count: these are minerals, the opportunity to grow with Agriculture diverse cultures, live on earth. We get food from nature, be it plant foods (vegetables, fruits, grains) or food of animal origin (meat, dairy products). Material goods are sourced from the benefits of nature. Clothes are made from base fabrics, which are natural materials. Furniture in houses is made from wood, paper is made from wood. Cosmetics and household chemicals are based on herbal ingredients. Water is embodied in oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, glaciers. Drinking water meets the needs of people around the world, people are made of water, which is why a person cannot live without water even a day. Without water, it is impossible to imagine life in everyday life: with the help of water, people wash, wash, wash anything, water is indispensable in production. Nature gives man heat in the form of fire; wood, coal, oil and gas are also sources of energy.

Nature charges a person with energy, inspires him to new achievements, and fills him with strength. What are sunsets and sunrises worth, moments filled with great meaning, the end of the day and the beginning of a new one, when everything becomes possible, despite the day that has passed. The sun is a source of joy, happiness, remember in sunny weather, somehow everything around is especially beautiful. The sun allows all living things on earth to live and develop. There are people who have given up their usual food and feed on solar energy.

Nature is capable of restoring human strength after exhausting mental or physical work; it is not without reason that many people go on vacation to the mountains, forests, ocean, sea, river or lake. The harmony of nature brings balance to the frantic rhythm of human existence.

Staying in nature in one of the above-mentioned areas has a beneficial effect on human health, headaches go away, and health improves. general state, human well-being. It's not for nothing that many people strive to spend time in nature. These forms of leisure include: camping, a picnic, or just a trip out of town for a couple of hours. In places far from the bustle of the city, you can renew yourself, sort out your thoughts, feelings, emotions, and look inside yourself. Many unique herbs and tree flowers surround a person, giving fragrance and benefits, take time to enjoy and admire them.

People are inextricably linked with nature, it takes care of it throughout a person’s existence, why does a person only take and give nothing in return. People pollute the environment every day and carelessly use the gifts of nature. Perhaps it’s worth stopping and thinking, since nature gives so much to man, isn’t it worth reciprocating and taking care of her as reverently as she takes care of us.