Pre-conscription training program at school. Pre-conscription youth training (PYM)
Textbook for 10-11 (11-12) grades of institutions providing general secondary education, with Belarusian and Russian languages of instruction with 11-year and 12-year terms of study
Approved by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
INTRODUCTION
Man has penetrated the secrets of intranuclear energy, entered outer space, and clones animal cells. The human mind conquered the Earth, but failed. reconcile humanity. The world has not yet learned to live in peace. And people entered the third millennium with the burden of dictatorship and violence, with local and global conflicts, with the presence of armies in almost all countries of the world.
Belarus is a peace-loving state. The Constitution of our country states that, “The Republic of Belarus in its external
politics is based on the principles of equality of states, non-use of force or threat of force.” But peacefulness alone in the modern situation does not guarantee security. One of the priority areas for ensuring the security of the Republic of Belarus is the creation of the necessary defense potential.
IN last years There have been changes in the theory and practice of preparing and waging war. Armed struggle today is no longer the only and main means of achieving the goals of war. Political, diplomatic, economic, informational and other forms of confrontation have come to the fore. The likelihood and outcome of war now increasingly depend on the unity and readiness of the entire people to defend the Fatherland. All this gave the country’s national security and the defense of the Fatherland a truly national character.
The content of the armed struggle has also transformed - non-contact actions have become a priority, special operations, actions of irregular troops, terrorist actions. Radical changes in the content of the armed struggle led to the need for deep reform of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. A need arose to organize a coherent system of territorial defense of the country; pre-conscription training of citizens for military service.
The defense of the country is classified by Belarusian legislation as one of the most important functions of the state and is a universal matter, and the defense of the Republic of Belarus is defined by its Constitution as a duty and sacred duty of the citizens of the republic. From time immemorial, the armed defense of the Fatherland was the lot of men, their duty and a matter of honor. In Belarus, military service has been established, according to which citizens are subject to military registration, are trained and recruited for military service or service in the reserve of the Armed Forces or in other military formations of the republic, and are in reserve.
Law of the Republic of Belarus “On military duty And military service” provides for mandatory and voluntary preparation of citizens for military service. An important element compulsory training is pre-conscription training, which is carried out in institutions that provide general secondary, vocational and secondary specialized education.
The purpose of pre-conscription training is to develop in young men moral, psychological and physical readiness for military service, providing students with the knowledge and skills necessary to master the duties of a defender of the Fatherland.
During the training process, pre-conscripts and conscripts must learn the constitutional rights and responsibilities of citizens to protect the state, the purpose of the Armed Forces and other military formations Republic of Belarus, the procedure for military service by soldiers and sergeants, the basic requirements of the Military Oath and general military regulations; acquire practical skills, physical toughening and psychological stability in order to successfully master the entrusted weapons and military equipment when called up for military service.
The textbook outlines the content of all topics in pre-conscription training programs for secondary schools, vocational schools and secondary specialized schools. educational institutions. At the same time, the sequence of presentation of the material differs somewhat from the placement of topics in the programs. Such a digression makes the textbook more harmonious, logically consistent and should not cause difficulties when studying the subject.
The first section of the textbook contains theoretical material on the heroic historical past of our people, the origin, development and current state The Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, military legislation, specifies the issues of training and military service. The study of this material contributes to the education of citizenship and patriotism, and forms psychological readiness for the upcoming military service.
The second section presents mainly the practical component of pre-conscription training. Practical development of techniques, exercises and standards contributes to a more conscious perception of the questions of the first section, and also provides an opportunity to acquire initial skills that will help young soldiers quickly adapt to military service.
Studying the subject “ Pre-conscription training“in a comprehensive system of ideological and military-patriotic education, it forms in young men the readiness to fulfill their constitutional duty to defend the Motherland, strengthens the morale of students, helps to increase their consciousness, responsibility, discipline, and work activity.
This publication takes into account changes in military development and the results of reforming the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus after 2001.
DEFENSE OF THE FATHERLAND
Of all the constitutional duties of citizens of Belarus, only one is defined as sacred - the defense of the Republic of Belarus. In order to fulfill military duty consciously and with dignity, you need to know your country, its past and present, have an idea about the army, be morally, psychologically and physically prepared for the upcoming military service and, if necessary, for the armed defense of the Fatherland - the Republic of Belarus.
CHAPTER I
Pages of courage and heroism of the Belarusian people
Those who live are obliged to the past and accountable to the future. What did we take from our ancestors, how did we use their heritage, what will we pass on to our descendants?
We cannot count the feats of arms performed on Belarusian soil, we cannot count the names of heroes who selflessly defended their Motherland.
In this chapter, we will remember not about battles, wars or historical events, but about the people who stood up to defend their native land, their people, the Fatherland. Let us think, reflect and appreciate the courage, bravery and greatness of the spirit of our ancestors.
§ 1. Defense of the Fatherland by our ancestors
Armed struggle of the Eastern Slavs. History knows many examples when wars of extermination Entire tribes, peoples, and states ceased to exist. Since ancient times, the right to life and one’s further development had to be defended, and therefore issues of defense and armed struggle acquired paramount importance.
Our ancient ancestors- East Slavic tribes. They led sedentary image life, successfully developed agriculture, cattle breeding, crafts, and when the enemy attacked, they courageously and skillfully defended themselves.
During the period of the decomposition of the primitive communal system and the emergence of feudal relations among the Eastern Slavs, participation in military enterprises was not a privilege for some and a burden for others. Everyone who was capable of it participated in them, which means that preparing for military action and acquiring the necessary skills and abilities was everyone’s business.
The closest neighbors of the Eastern Slavs in the south were the Huns and Avars wandering in the Black Sea steppes, and then the Khazars, Pechenegs, and Polovtsians. During the next raids, they robbed, took away prisoners, and devastated the East Slavic lands. All this forced us to pay great attention to armed defense. Along with rural settlements, the Eastern Slavs built large fortified settlements surrounded by earthen ramparts, ditches, and palisades made of logs. For self-defense and warfare, they improved their weapons, which was facilitated by the successful development of crafts.
The Eastern Slavs themselves made campaigns. Their troops repeatedly reached the walls of Constantinople, and the Byzantine author was forced to admit that the Slavs “learned to wage war better than the Romans.” The chronicle mentions that in the army of the Kyiv prince Oleg in 907, Polotsk and Radimichi bravely fought against Byzantium, for which Polotsk received tribute from the defeated Greeks.
But more often it was necessary to defend ourselves, and success came when we acted together. During the next Polovtsian raid in 1168 Grand Duke Kiev Mstislav, having gathered all the appanage princes, addressed them with the words: “Friends and brothers! Let us leave civil strife; Let us look up to heaven, draw our sword, and, calling on the name of God, strike at our enemies. It’s nice, brothers, to seek honor in the field and the tracks laid there by our fathers and grandfathers.” The Polovtsians were defeated. Princes David of Polotsk, Mstislav of Grodno, Gleb of Turov, Yaroslav of Pinsk and others took part in joint campaigns against the nomads together with the Kyiv princes.
In 1240, having captured the mouth of the Neva and the city of Ladoga, the Swedes intended to block the Novgorodians' access to the Baltic Sea. The army of the Swede J. Birger marched along the Neva and camped near the Izhora River. Novgorod Prince Alexander Yaroslavich with a small detachment and a squad of Polotsk residents approached the Swedish camp and hand-to-hand combat completely defeated the enemy. The chronicler spoke highly of the Belarusian warrior Yakov Polochanin. According to him, he, “attacking the Swedish regiment with a sword, showed a lot of courage.” After the battle, Prince Alexander Nevsky personally thanked the brave warrior; an even more crushing defeat was inflicted on the Crusaders on Lake Peipsi in 1242.
Battle of the Neva (on the left is Alexander Nevsky, on the right is N. Birger, in the foreground is Yakov Polochanin). Old Russian book miniature of the 16th century.
Battle of Kulikovo. A striking example of unification against a common enemy was the Battle of Kulikovo (1380), where, under the leadership of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy, Prince of Polotsk and Pskov Andrei, his brother Prince Dmitry Olgerdovich, Prince Dmitry Bobrok, and Prince Gleb of Drutsk fought with their troops. The combined forces dealt a severe blow to the Golden Horde, as a result of which it steadily went into decline.
The battle began with a duel between two heroes: the Russian Alexander Peresvet and the Mongolian Chelubey. Both died in mortal combat. Then the troops approached and the battle began. The chronicler in the famous “The Tale of the Massacre of Mamayev” describes the tenacity and fierceness of the Kulikovo battle as follows: “On that field, strong regiments came together, bloody dawns emerged from them from the radiance of swords, like lightning flashing. And there was the crackle of breaking spears and the blows of swords.”
Belarusians can be proud of the courage and courage of their ancestors - the warriors who came to the Kulikovo field to participate in a fair fight for the just cause of all fraternal East Slavic peoples.
Battle of Grunwald. Another example of a joint fight against the enemy is the famous Battle of Grunwald, in which Lithuanian, Polish, Belarusian and Russian heroes fought shoulder to shoulder against the Teutonic Order of Crusaders.
The battle took place on July 15, 1410 near the village of Grunwald. It began with a bold attack by Vytautas’s cavalry. The attack was decisive and powerful, the horsemen had already defeated the German bombardiers and approached the knights, but were met by an avalanche of arrows from crossbowmen and archers. And then a wall of armored cavalry rushed into battle. The advanced Polish regiments also took part. The enemies clashed.
There was an incredible roar from war cries, screams, neighing horses, and the clanging of weapons. “Foot stepped on foot, armor hit armor, and pikes were aimed at the faces of the enemies...” For a long time, the troops fought without any success. Vytautas, forgetting about fatigue and neglecting dangers, appeared first in one place or another of the battle, called on and led his soldiers into battle.
The Germans delivered a powerful blow to the center, where the soldiers of the Smolensk, Orsha and Mstislavsky regiments were stationed. The Russians fought desperately, holding back an enemy several times superior to them. Polish historian of the 15th century Jan Dlugosz wrote: “... Russian knights from the Smolensk land, built by three separate shelves, they fought steadfastly against their enemies... Thus they earned immortal glory.”
Master of the Teutonic Order Ulrich von Jungingen, sensing that the enemy’s forces were running out, stood at the head of his troops and went, as he believed, to defeat the enemy, but miscalculated. The Poles, on the one hand, and the Lithuanians, on the other, attacked Jungingen’s army. Hundreds of Prussians, followed by knights, abandoned their banners and weapons and began to surrender.
The order failed to shackle the Slavs in the shackles that were found by the victors after the battle in the Crusader camp. The courage and bravery of our ancestors in their fight against the German invaders at Grunwald is a golden page of military valor and glory of the Belarusian people.
Valor and glory of the Belarusian regiments. The tsarist government did not give weapons to many peoples, but for the Belarusians there were never any restrictions. Moreover, entire regiments were formed from them.
Polotsk regiment. The highest achievement of military art at the end of the 18th century was the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail, impregnable at that time. Soldiers of the Belarusian Jaeger Corps and the Polotsk Infantry Regiment took part in the unprecedented assault under the command of A.V. Suvorov. At the critical moment of the assault, when the enemy was trying to throw off the attacking column regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Yasu led the Polotsk residents in a counterattack. Their decisive action forced the Turks to retreat, abandon their positions and flee. But the Polotsk residents also suffered losses; their courageous commander, Lieutenant Colonel Yasunsky, died the death of the brave. Then the regimental priest Trofim Kubinsky took his place. With a cross in his hand, he drew the soldiers along with him, the task assigned to the regiment was completed.
Polotsk residents fought courageously in the Battle of Borodino, defending the famous Raevsky battery, in the storming of Leipzig and during the capture of Paris, in the siege of Varna and the defense of Sevastopol.
Minsk regiment, on August 26, 1812, part of Marshal Junot’s corps and the regiments of Prince Yu. Poniatovsky sought to cut off the 1st Grenadier Division from Bagration’s main forces. The Minsk 54th Infantry Regiment as part of the division, having made a maneuver, suddenly counterattacked the French and Poles, scattered their battle formation and threw them back to their original positions. About his commander, Colonel
A. Krasavina, in the award sheet it is printed: He led the regiment entrusted to him with exemplary fearlessness and, being under strong cannon fire, acted excellently and set an example for his commander with his personal courage, and received a severe concussion in the leg from a cannonball.” Subsequently, the regiment smashed and drove the invaders in the direction of Maloyaroslavets, Smolensk, Logoisk, Radoshkovichi, Olypan, Grodno.
Dashing Belarusian hussars. Among the regiments named after Belarusian cities, the Belarusian 7th Hussar Regiment had the oldest and most eventful chronicle. Only during the storming of the fortresses of Silistria and Rushchuk during the war with Turkey, 82 enemy banners and 437 guns became their trophies.
The desperate grunts of the Grodno Hussars regiment under the command of Kulnev caused confusion and sowed panic among the French in 1812. On July 30, in the battle near Klyastitsy, Kulnev’s detachment thoroughly battered the units of Marshal Oudinot, capturing almost his entire convoy and 900 prisoners. Near the village of Boyarshchina, both of Kulneva’s legs were torn off by a direct hit from a French cannonball. Death occurred almost instantly. Yakov Petrovich Kulnev deserves eternal memory. Even in Finland, he left the kindest memories of himself as a warrior-knight towards the vanquished. This is how Kulnev entered Finnish national literature. In the Grodno Hussar Regiment he became a colonel, then a major general, and a Knight of St. George. The regiment was named after him.
END OF BOOK FRAGMENT
Now, when the need to update educational programs is being actively discussed, teaching aids, the Spetsnaz magazine begins a conversation about pre-conscription training for schoolchildren. This discipline is according to standards high school, frankly speaking, is far from a priority. It is often taught, alas, on a residual basis, for the sake of formality. Do modern schoolchildren and high school students even need DP? What does this subject give to the guys, who are, to put it mildly, not in the most important roles? And what could ideally be achieved with other approaches?
In the latest issue of Spetsnaz, two experts tried to answer these questions - a teacher of physical education and pre-conscription training at the Lyceum of the Belarusian-Russian University (Mogilev), a former soldier of the reconnaissance company of military unit 3214 of the internal troops, a "krapovik" and associate professor of the Mogilev state university named after A.A. Kuleshov Sergey Fatin.
Sergey Fatin
“One of the most important problems is the lack of a full-fledged educational and material base for pre-conscription training,” says Sergei Fatin. “The possibility of setting and solving training problems directly depends on this. It is clear that, using a shooting range and air rifles, the problem of shooting training will be solved, successful participation in competitions. If the teacher has at his disposal only visual aids - posters, even educational films, the maximum tasks can be telling, showing, introducing, explaining, etc. Understanding the limitations of any educational institution in resources, one more aspect of the problem can be highlighted - the attitude of the school administration towards the organization of DP, its readiness to solve problems.Military-patriotic education is not an obvious priority, and the main efforts of the management are aimed, which is quite understandable, at preparing for and participating in olympiads in computer science, biology, languages, which form the prestige of the educational institution , including in the eyes of students' parents. Another approach is to find a reasonable compromise between the relevance and quality of education and solving the issues of military-patriotic education of youth. Analyzing the state of affairs in educational institutions in which, for example, military-patriotic classes are organized, one can see that they do not focus on “militarization” at all, but, on the contrary, use the additional motivation and organization of students to solve the entire range of educational problems. Thus, achieving the full status of DP is possible through justified stimulation of this work at the lower levels of the vertical bodies of the Ministry of Education."
According to the associate professor of Mogilev State University, in the organization of pre-conscription training of schoolchildren at the modern level important role The Ministry of Defense should also play:
The agency is directly interested in cooperation with educational institutions to work with pre-conscription youth. And this work is carried out, but it is often effective where the school itself shows some activity and enthusiasm. For example, an educational institution is assigned to military unit to conduct field training sessions for DP, but it is not possible to transport students hundreds of kilometers. It would seem to be easy to organize shooting at the base of a military unit located nearby, but again everything is based on personal contacts between teachers and officers, and not on the mandatory implementation of an approved clear work plan. A plan that is mandatory for implementation by both the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Defense. A combination of these departments can only work as a result of strict regulation and responsibility for providing the DP with military-technical equipment, participation in military sports games, pre-conscription training competitions, passing and taking into account the results of the Defender of the Fatherland standards, assigning educational institutions to military units, control for the results of field training camps with mandatory shooting from AK, military-professional orientation of youth.
Andrey Bezlepkin
“I can confirm what my colleague and teacher said: interaction with military units is not as established as we would like,” Andrei Bezlepkin continues the conversation. “Work with pre-conscription youth is being carried out, but it is effective only because the teaching staff shows a certain activity and enthusiasm ".
As a Mogilev teacher notes, schoolchildren lack various kinds of military-patriotic events. Some semblance of the game "Zarnitsa", for example:
Not long ago my class and I played laser tag. I myself did not expect how close the game would be to real military training. It can implement various strategic and militarized models. She is also good because she doesn’t have consumables. That is, the only thing the organizer can spend money on (besides purchasing machine guns) is charging the weapon from a household outlet. Naturally, children need to work with machine gun models (assembling and disassembling AKs), be able to fire at least a few shots from military weapons. All this together will give an understanding, an idea of military service, the necessary experience and knowledge that will be useful not only in the army.
WITH full text The problematic material “The Barracks Loves Preparation” and all the experts’ arguments can be found in, which you can still have time to purchase at kiosks. We invite readers to the discussion!
Introduction
Man has penetrated the secrets of intranuclear energy, entered outer space, and clones animal cells. The human mind conquered the Earth, but could not reconcile humanity. The world has not yet learned to live in peace. And people entered the third millennium with the burden of dictatorship and violence, with local and global conflicts, with the presence of armies in almost all countries of the world.
Belarus is a peace-loving state. The Constitution of our country states that “The Republic of Belarus in its foreign policy is based on the principles of equality of states, non-use of force or threat of force.” But peacefulness alone in the modern situation does not guarantee security. One of the priority areas for ensuring the security of the Republic of Belarus is the creation of the necessary defense potential.
In recent years, changes have occurred in the theory and practice of preparing and waging war. Armed struggle today is no longer the only and main means of achieving the goals of war. Political, diplomatic, economic, informational, psychological and other forms of confrontation have come to the fore. The likelihood and outcome of war now increasingly depend on the unity and readiness of the entire people to defend the Fatherland. All this gave the country’s national security a truly national character.
The content has also transformed armed struggle— non-contact actions, special operations, actions of irregular troops, and terrorist actions became priorities in it. Radical changes in the content of the armed struggle led to the need for deep reform of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. A need arose to organize a coherent system of territorial defense of the country, and pre-conscription training of citizens for military service became relevant.
The defense of the country is classified by Belarusian legislation as one of the most important functions of the state and is a universal matter, and the defense of the Republic of Belarus is defined by its Constitution as a duty and sacred duty of the citizens of the republic. From time immemorial, the armed defense of the Fatherland was the lot of men, their duty and a matter of honor. In Belarus, military service has been established, according to which citizens are subject to military registration, are trained and recruited for military service or reserve service in the Armed Forces or other military formations of the republic, and are in reserve.
The Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Military Duty and Military Service” provides for mandatory and voluntary preparation of citizens for military service. An important element of compulsory training is pre-conscription training, which is carried out in institutions of general secondary, vocational and secondary special education.
The purpose of pre-conscription training is to develop in young men moral and psychological readiness for military service, providing students with the knowledge and skills necessary to master the duties of a defender of the Fatherland.
During the training process, pre-conscripts and conscripts must learn the constitutional rights and responsibilities of citizens to protect the state, the purpose of the Armed Forces and other military formations of the Republic of Belarus, the procedure for military service by soldiers and sergeants, the basic requirements of the Military Oath and general military regulations; acquire practical skills and psychological stability in order to successfully master the entrusted weapons and military equipment when called up for military service.
The textbook outlines the content of all topics in the pre-conscription training program for institutions of general secondary, vocational and secondary special education. However, the sequence of presentation of the material is somewhat different from the placement of topics in the program. Such a digression makes the textbook more harmonious, logically consistent and should not cause difficulties when studying the subject.
The first part of the textbook “Defense of the Fatherland” contains theoretical material on the heroic historical past of our people, the origin, development and current state of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, military legislation, and specifies issues of training and military service. The study of this material contributes to the education of citizenship and patriotism in young men, and forms psychological readiness for the upcoming military service.
The second part of the textbook “Fundamentals of Military Affairs” presents mainly the practical component of pre-conscription training. Practical development of techniques, exercises and standards contributes to a more conscious perception of the questions of the first part, and also provides an opportunity to acquire initial skills that will help young soldiers quickly adapt to military service.
Studying the subject “Pre-conscription training” in a comprehensive system of ideological and military-patriotic education forms in young men the readiness to fulfill their constitutional duty to defend the Motherland, strengthens the morale of students, helps to increase their consciousness, responsibility, discipline, and work activity.
This publication takes into account changes in military development and military legislation of the Republic of Belarus after 2006. The content of Chapter 2 “Defense of the Republic of Belarus” is based on the provisions of the 2010 National Security Concept of the Republic of Belarus. The textbook uses illustrative material proposed by the state institution “Military Information Agency of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus “Vayar” and an employee of the Scientific and Methodological Institution “National Institute of Education” of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus S. N. Gamolko.
Pre-conscription training: textbook for 10-11th grades. public institutions avg. education with Russian language training / V. B. Varlamov. - 3rd ed., revision. and additional - Minsk: Adukatsiya i vyhavanne, 2012. - 328 p. : ill.
Approved
Government resolution Kyrgyz Republic
dated February 11, 2014 N 87
POSITION
on pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations implementing secondary general education programs, professional educational programs of primary and secondary vocational education
1. General Provisions
1. Pre-conscription training of young people is integral part a system for preparing citizens for military service, organized and carried out in accordance with the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On universal military duty of citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic, on military and alternative services”, other regulatory legal acts adopted on the basis of this Law, and these Regulations.
2. Pre-conscription training of youth is a mandatory subject of training (academic discipline) in the basics of military affairs and ensuring human life safety and is organized regardless of the form of ownership and departmental subordination in educational organizations implementing secondary general education programs, professional educational programs of primary and secondary vocational education (hereinafter - educational organizations).
Pre-conscription conscripts are minor male citizens before they are registered for military service.
The students are minor female and male citizens involved in pre-conscription training for youth.
3. Pre-conscription training of young people is carried out in order to teach students the necessary knowledge and practical skills in the field of military affairs, civil protection and mastering the basics of human life safety in emergency situations.
In the process of pre-conscription training of youth, students learn the norms of the current legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic on military duty, the purpose of military service, the requirements of the military oath and general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic, the purpose and structure of the Armed Forces and other military formations of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Pre-conscription training of young people is carried out in grades 10-11 and in the first and second years of study in educational organizations, in order to instill in young people a sense of patriotism, high moral and psychological qualities, love for military service, personal responsibility for fulfilling the requirements of the military oath and general military regulations of the Armed Forces Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic.
4. Control over the conduct of pre-conscription training of youth is carried out by the state body in charge of education issues, together with the state body in charge of defense issues, and other interested government bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic.
2. Management of pre-conscription training of youth
5. The general management of pre-conscription training is carried out by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic.
6. On government agency, in charge of defense issues, is entrusted with:
In agreement with the state body in charge of education issues and other government bodies in charge of educational organizations, the development and implementation of training programs (plans), instructions, regulations, methodological recommendations, visual aids and instructions, as well as participation in the creation of educational and material base on the issues of pre-conscription training of youth;
Together with the government agency in charge of education and the government agency in charge of physical culture and sports, organizing and holding competitions in military applied sports;
Providing assistance in conducting educational and methodological gatherings and instructional sessions with leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth in accordance with programs (plans) approved by the state body in charge of education issues;
Providing methodological assistance to the heads of educational organizations in organizing and conducting pre-conscription training for young people in accordance with programs (plans) approved by the state body in charge of education issues;
Providing practical assistance to the heads of educational organizations when conducting fire training classes according to the programs;
Organizing visits by pre-conscripts to military units and institutions in accordance with programs (plans) approved by the state body in charge of defense issues;
Organization and conduct of inspections of pre-conscription training and military-patriotic work in educational organizations;
Drawing up action plans to improve pre-conscription training of young people;
Together with the state body in charge of education issues, an assessment of the state of pre-conscription training of young people in educational organizations.
7. The state body in charge of education issues is entrusted with:
In agreement with the state body in charge of defense issues and other state bodies in charge of educational organizations, development and approval of curricula and programs, instructions, orders, regulations, methodological recommendations, educational and visual aids;
Participation in the creation of educational and material base on issues of pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations;
Organization and conduct of military-patriotic and defense-mass events in educational organizations;
Together with the state body in charge of defense issues, the selection of candidates for the position of leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations from among officers and reservists who have a military or pedagogical education, have the necessary military knowledge, high moral qualities and are able to train and educate students ;
Together with the state body in charge of defense issues, assessing the state of pre-conscription training of young people in educational organizations;
Drawing up action plans to improve pre-conscription training of young people.
8. To the state body in charge of prevention and liquidation issues emergency situations, is entrusted with participation:
In the creation of an educational and material base on the issues of pre-conscription training of youth in the field of civil protection.
9. The state body in charge of health care issues is responsible for participation:
In the development and implementation of training programs (plans), instructions, regulations, methodological recommendations, visual aids and guidelines;
In creating an educational and material base on the issues of pre-conscription training of young people in terms of the basics of medical knowledge, as well as attracting specialists to conduct classes on the basics of medical knowledge.
10. The state body in charge of issues of physical culture and sports is entrusted with:
Control for physical training young men of pre-conscription age;
Publication of educational and methodological manuals on physical education for pre-conscription age youths;
Participation in military applied sports among students of educational organizations.
11. State bodies in charge of educational organizations are responsible for providing assistance in:
Development and implementation of training programs (plans), instructions, regulations, methodological recommendations;
Creation of educational and material base on issues of pre-conscription training of youth;
Carrying out military-patriotic and defense-mass events.
12. Local government bodies are responsible for participation in:
Organization and conduct of military-patriotic and defense-mass events of local significance;
Creation of educational and material base on issues of pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations located in the territory of local government.
3. Organization of pre-conscription training for youth
13. At least 68 hours per academic year are allocated for pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations.
14. Classes on pre-conscription training for young people are included in the general schedule of classes and are conducted in classes and study groups.
Classes and study groups are called groups and are divided into departments. From among the students, group and department commanders are appointed by order of the head of the educational organization.
15. Pre-conscription training for young people includes the following sections of training:
Fundamentals of military affairs;
Basics of military service;
Fire training;
General physical training;
Fundamentals of life safety;
Civil protection;
Fundamentals of medical knowledge;
Complex classes.
Classes on the basics of military affairs, military service, life safety, general physical training, civil protection, complex classes are conducted by the head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth.
General physical training classes can be conducted by a physical education teacher (teacher).
Classes on the basics of medical knowledge are conducted by a teacher (teacher) - a specialist in the field of medicine or a leader (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth, if he has a certificate of completion of medical training.
16. Before the initial military registration, pre-conscription conscripts are not involved in practical and field training in pre-conscription training of youth.
Persons recognized as unfit for military service during initial military registration are not involved in practical and field training in pre-conscription training for young people.
17. Persons who have completed compulsory military service, as well as persons who have graduated full course pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations, upon transition (admission) to another educational organization, are not involved in pre-conscription training of youth.
These persons may be involved as assistant leaders (teachers) of classes when conducting classes on pre-conscription training for youth.
18. At the final stage of training in pre-conscription training of youth, in order to consolidate the acquired military knowledge and skills acquired during theoretical classes, three-day field training sessions (trainings) are conducted with students on the basis of nearby military units (institutions) or on the basis of educational organizations, where there is an educational and material base for conducting field training sessions (trainings), at the expense of the time allocated for pre-conscription training of youth.
19. Practical training in fire training (training in shooting from small arms) is carried out only at shooting ranges (ranges) and in shooting ranges of military units, military educational institutions and defense sports and technical organizations in the manner prescribed for organizing fire training classes.
The time, place and procedure for conducting practical fire training classes with students is determined by the district (city) military commissariat in agreement with the head of the garrison, the commander of the military unit, the head of the military educational institution and is brought to the attention of the heads of educational organizations before the start of the school year.
20. Chiefs of garrisons, together with military commissariats, assign educational organizations to military units, military educational institutions, military departments and military institutions to assist in organizing and conducting pre-conscription training and military-patriotic education of youth.
21. Students’ knowledge of pre-conscription youth training is assessed, as in other subjects, on a five-point system.
The final grade based on the annual grades received by students in pre-conscription training of youth (with the exception of persons declared unfit for military service during initial military registration) is entered into the corresponding educational document (certificate, diploma).
22. Upon completion of the pre-conscription training course, the educational organization organizes events in military-applied sports, which include competitions in performing practical actions within the scope of the pre-conscription training program (plan) for youth, and an order (decision) on the completion of training is announced.
23. Lists of male students who have completed a full course of pre-conscription training for youth in educational organizations, with final grades, are sent by the head of the educational organization to the district (city) military commissariat at the place of initial military registration.
24. An educational organization uses various methods training, there is constant concern for the quality and effectiveness of the activities carried out. Constantly maintains contact with military units, institutions and military educational institutions, actively conducts propaganda military profession among students.
25. The educational organization draws up visual propaganda, which should reflect military-patriotic themes, promote veterans of the Great Patriotic War, other armed conflicts and show the life of an educational organization.
4. Selection, appointment and training of leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth of educational organizations
26. Appointment to positions of managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth and their dismissal are carried out in accordance with the norms of labor legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic.
At the same time, the following are appointed to the positions of managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth:
Graduates of educational organizations of higher professional education with a degree in “teacher of pre-conscription youth training and physical education”;
Reserve and retired officers with higher or secondary military education, possessing the necessary military knowledge, high moral qualities and the ability to train and educate students, as well as experienced sergeants and reserve soldiers with higher pedagogical education.
27. The selection of teachers for classes on the basics of medical knowledge is carried out territorial authorities health care together with the heads of educational organizations from among trained medical workers.
5. Advanced training (retraining) of managers (teachers) of pre-conscription youth training
28. Advanced training (retraining) of managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training of youth, teachers on the basics of medical knowledge is carried out in order to improve the organization of the educational process and the quality of classes in pre-conscription training of youth, increase pedagogical and military knowledge, improve methodological skills in training, education and preparing young men for military service and the basics of civil defense.
29. Advanced training for managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth includes holding orientation camps (seminars) lasting up to five days, and annual three-day training camps, monthly one-day methodological classes; training in courses at advanced training institutes, as well as participation in the work of subject methodological commissions in an educational organization and their independent work.
30. Introductory training sessions with newly appointed pre-conscription youth training leaders (teachers) who have worked for less than a year and have not undergone these training sessions are held annually, in September, according to a program approved by the state body in charge of defense issues, in agreement with the state body in charge of education issues.
At orientation meetings, leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth study the requirements of governing documents, programs of fundamentals of pedagogy and psychology, improve military knowledge and methodological skills, and become familiar with methods of organizing and conducting military-patriotic work in an educational organization.
Induction training is organized and conducted on the basis of district (city) military commissariats under the leadership of district (city) military commissariats. To organize and conduct training, the orders of district (city) military commissars, in agreement with the commanders of military units, heads of military educational institutions, the chairman of the defense sports and technical organization, determine the locations of the training, appoint officials responsible for conducting the training, allocate experienced officers and teachers for conducting classes, the necessary weapons, ammunition, military equipment (shooting ranges, shooting galleries) and vehicles. For Specialists in pedagogy, psychology, medicine and civil protection are involved in classes at the training camps.
31. Three-day training sessions are held with all leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth before the start of the school year.
At the training camp, the results of the pre-conscription training of young people are summed up and tasks are set for the new academic year, organizational and methodological documents are studied, demonstration, practical and other classes are conducted; Participants in the gatherings exchange experiences in teaching and educating students.
Educational and methodological gatherings are organized and conducted on the basis of educational organizations according to a program approved by the state body in charge of education, in agreement with the state body in charge of defense issues.
32. One-day instructor training methodological lessons with leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth are conducted quarterly according to a program approved by the state body in charge of defense issues; the day of classes in districts (cities) is established by military commissars together with territorial departments of education and the head of the educational organization on the basis of which classes are held. On this day, practical and demonstration classes, seminars, lectures and open lessons are held with the leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription youth training.
Officers of military units, military educational institutions, military departments of universities, the most trained leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription youth training, specialists from education departments, as well as reserve and retired officers and generals can be invited to conduct one-day classes.
In district (city) military commissariats, a log is kept of the methodological training of leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training of youth and teachers on the basics of medical knowledge.
33. Leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth take part in the work of the methodological commission on issues of pre-conscription training of youth, physical education, and the basics of medical knowledge in an educational organization.
The objectives of the commission are to systematically increase professional knowledge head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth, physical education teacher, teacher of basic medical knowledge, improving their methodological skills, studying and promoting advanced teaching experience, educational and educational work with students.
34. Leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth are given one day a week for methodological training (summarizing best practices, developing individual issues on pre-conscription training for youth, preparing for classes, drawing up methodological developments and improvement of educational and material base).
35. Advanced training courses for managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth are organized by the state body in charge of education at teacher training institutes (centers) according to an approved program.
Leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth are invited to advanced training courses once every 5 years on a common basis with other teachers (teachers).
Courses are held full-time employees Institute for Teacher Training, instructors, methodologists and experienced leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training for youth. Officers of military units, military departments of universities, as well as employees of territorial civil protection departments can be involved in conducting individual classes.
36. One-day methodological classes are held with teachers on the basics of medical knowledge before the start of the school year.
Classes are conducted by district (city) education departments, health authorities and military commissariats.
6. Responsibilities of officials of educational institutions (educational organizations)
37. The head of an educational organization is responsible for the organization and condition of pre-conscription training for young people, for the safety of the educational and material base, including training weapons and ammunition.
38. The head of an educational organization is obliged to:
Ensure timely planning, organization and conduct of the educational process, complete and high-quality implementation of the Pre-Conscription Training Program for Youth;
To allocate premises, sites and places for practicing practical training in pre-conscription training for youth, to take measures to continuously improve the educational and material base together with local governments in accordance with the requirements of these Regulations and the Program for pre-conscription training of youth;
Take measures to increase the personal responsibility of young people (students) for academic performance, involve students in the creation and improvement of the educational and material base;
Organize accounting and storage of training weapons and ammunition in accordance with established requirements determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic;
Provide educational and methodological assistance to the head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth, ensure the connection of pre-conscription training for youth with other academic subjects, organize and conduct club work (electives);
Monitor the conduct of classes by the head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth, the quality of students’ assimilation of the material covered, discuss the state of pre-conscription training of youth, military-patriotic work and mass defense work with students at pedagogical councils (meetings), at least once a year;
Organize and conduct events in military applied sports dedicated to the completion of the pre-conscription training course for youth;
Issue orders on the beginning and end of pre-conscription training for youth, on the appointment of group and squad commanders, and on conducting practical training in fire training;
Submit reports on the state of pre-conscription training and military-patriotic work with students to district (city) military commissariats and by subordination.
39. The head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth is subordinate to the head of the educational organization and is directly responsible for the pre-conscription training of students, registration, storage and issuance of training weapons and ammunition, in accordance with the requirements determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic.
The leader (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth is obliged to:
Comply with established rules and safety measures when conducting classes using military equipment and practical training in fire training, in accordance with established requirements determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic;
Organize, plan and conduct educational, elective and extracurricular activities for pre-conscription training of youth at a high scientific, theoretical and methodological level;
Supervise the work of teachers on the basics of medical knowledge;
Make proposals for improving educational work, introducing the most effective forms, methods and means of training and education;
Keep records of academic progress and attendance;
Study the personal qualities and individual characteristics of pre-conscription conscripts, prepare them for military service, keep records of pre-conscription conscripts in an educational organization; lead a circle to study the fundamentals of military affairs, organize military sports games;
Participate in planning events for military-patriotic and defense mass work;
Organize work on interaction with military commissariats, military units and military educational institutions, make maximum use of their assistance in improving the training and military-patriotic education of students;
Ensure the creation and improvement of the educational and material base for pre-conscription training of young people;
Keep records, organize storage and repair of training weapons and other military equipment in accordance with established requirements determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic;
Check, at least once a month, the availability and technical condition educational and material base, timely organize their repairs in the prescribed manner;
Participate in the organization and conduct of regional (city) competitions in military applied sports and civil protection;
Ensure compliance with safety measures during practical exercises;
Prepare reports in the prescribed form;
Systematically increase your military and pedagogical knowledge, improve methodological skills.
The head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth of an educational organization works together with the deputy head of the educational organization for educational work, with a physical education teacher (head of physical education) and class teachers(masters of industrial training), with the teaching staff of the educational institution.
The work of the head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth is regulated by the schedule of classes, the plan of activities carried out outside school hours, and his personal plan, approved by the head of the educational organization.
The work of a leader (teacher) of pre-conscription youth training, not provided for functional responsibilities and the approved plan, is carried out in each individual case in agreement with the head of the educational organization. The head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for young people is not involved in duty at the educational organization.
The head (teacher) of pre-conscription training for youth is not expected to be assigned the duties of a class teacher.
7. Logistical support for pre-conscription training for youth
40. To conduct pre-conscription training for youth, the state body in charge of defense issues provides educational organizations with training weapons, small-caliber rifles and ammunition for them, and personal protective equipment.
41. Request for training weapons by military commissariats is carried out in accordance with the quantity and timing specified in the report card, according to annual application reports, separately for each type of training weapon, submitted to the state body in charge of defense issues annually by October 1.
42. The transfer of training weapons to military commissariats from warehouses of military units, repair shops and institutions is carried out according to orders (invoices) of the state body in charge of defense issues.
Training weapons are delivered complete with technical documentation (descriptions, diagrams, instructions, etc.).
43. Receipt of training weapons is carried out by representatives of military commissariats upon presentation of a power of attorney and identification documents (passport, identity card).
44. The delivery of training weapons to educational organizations is carried out by the forces and means of education departments together with military commissariats, in accordance with the requirements determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic.
45. The state body in charge of issues of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations provides educational organizations with civil protection property at the expense of the organizations in charge of educational organizations, at the request of education departments.
46. The state body in charge of health care issues, through subordinate bodies, attracts specialists to conduct classes on the basics of medical knowledge, provides educational organizations with medical equipment on the basics of medical knowledge, at the expense of the organizations in charge of educational organizations, at the request of education departments.
47. Repair of training weapons located in educational organizations is carried out through military commissariats in the repair shops of the state body in charge of defense issues, according to the orders of the military commissariats.
48. In educational organizations, the educational and material base is created and constantly improved in accordance with the requirements of the Pre-Conscription Training Program for Youth. The program includes the following: a pre-conscription training room for youth; a room specially equipped for storing training weapons and small-caliber rifles; shooting range; places for practical study of orderly duties and drill techniques; sports town (places) for conducting general physical training classes; single obstacle course; a set of removable and portable training equipment for conducting classes on the basics of military affairs; educational visual aids and technical teaching aids.
49. Official salaries, social insurance, labor regulation of managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training of youth in educational organizations are determined in the manner prescribed by the conditions of remuneration for employees of the education system and current legislation.
The period of active military service in the Armed Forces and other military formations is included in the teaching experience of managers (teachers) of pre-conscription training of educational organizations.
50. Material and technical support for classes, the creation of an educational and material base for pre-conscription training of youth can be carried out at the expense of local budget funds, as well as funds not prohibited by the current legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic.
8. Control over pre-conscription training of young people in educational organizations
51. Control over the pre-conscription training of young people is carried out by:
A comprehensive audit according to the joint plans of the state body in charge of education, the state body in charge of defense, and organizations that manage educational organizations;
Inspections on certain issues of the state body in charge of defense issues, in agreement or with the involvement of the state body in charge of education issues, and other interested government bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic;
Inspections on certain issues of the state body, organizations in charge of educational organizations.
52. Pre-conscription training of young people in educational organizations is subject to comprehensive inspection according to the joint plans of state bodies in charge of education and defense issues at least once every three years.
Educational organizations that receive unsatisfactory grades are re-examined after a year. In case of repeated unsatisfactory assessment, the question of suitability for the position of head (teacher) of pre-conscription youth training is considered.
At least one day is allotted for the inspection of the educational organization. At the same time, the organization of the educational process and the implementation of programs, attendance, the quality of students’ assimilation of the program are checked, methodological preparation the head (teacher) of pre-conscription training of youth and the quality of his classes, the state of the educational and material base, military-patriotic and defense-mass work, the quality of management of pre-conscription training of youth.
53. The general assessment of the state of pre-conscription training of young people in an educational organization consists of assessments of the quality of students’ assimilation of programs and the state of the educational material base.
This takes into account the implementation of programs, methodological training of leaders (teachers) of pre-conscription training of youth and the state of management of pre-conscription training of youth by the head of an educational organization.
54. To assess the quality of mastering programs (material covered), at least two groups of at least 10 people each are checked in educational organizations, with individual assessments being issued:
By testing;
Practical activities of students.
Based on the individual assessments received by students, the educational organization’s assessment for the quality of the program is derived:
- “excellent”, if at least 90% of tested trainees received positive ratings, with at least 50% receiving “excellent”;
- “good”, if at least 80% of tested trainees received positive assessments, with at least 50% receiving “excellent”, “good”;
- “satisfactory”, if at least 70% of tested trainees received positive ratings;
- “unsatisfactory” if more than 30% of tested students received unsatisfactory grades.
55. The state of the educational and material base of the educational organization is assessed:
- “excellent” if there is an equipped room for pre-conscription training of youth, a room for storing training weapons, a shooting range, training weapons and property, and their accounting and storage are organized in strict accordance with the requirements of the instructions, a place for practical study of the duties of an orderly and drill techniques, a sports town (place) for conducting general physical training classes, a single obstacle course, educational visual aids and technical teaching aids;
- “good” if everything listed for an “excellent” rating is available, but a place for practical study of the duties of an orderly or a single obstacle course is not fully equipped;
- “satisfactory” if there is a pre-conscription training room for youth, a room for storing training weapons, a shooting range, a sports campus for general physical training, training weapons and property, and their storage and accounting are organized in accordance with established requirements;
- “unsatisfactory” if one of the elements of the training and material base listed for assessment “satisfactory” is missing, or the conditions for storing training weapons and property do not meet the established requirements.
56. General state Pre-conscription training of youth in an educational organization is assessed:
- “excellent”, if assessed: the quality of students’ assimilation of the program is “excellent”, the state of the educational material base is not lower than the rating “good”;
- “good”, if assessed: the quality of students’ assimilation of the program is not lower than “good”, and the state of the educational material base is not lower than “satisfactory”;
- “satisfactory”, if the quality of students’ assimilation of the program and the state of the educational and material base are rated at least “satisfactory”;
- “unsatisfactory”, if one of the indicators is rated “unsatisfactory”.
57. When conducting inspections on individual issues, an overall assessment of the educational organization is not given.
At the end of the inspection of the educational organization, the results of the inspection are summed up.
58. Based on the results of an inspection of the pre-conscription training of young people in educational organizations (in the context of the city, district and region), an inspection report is drawn up and an analysis is carried out in the presence of representatives of government bodies in charge of defense and education issues, military commissariats and organizations in charge of educational organizations , with the involvement of heads of educational organizations.
Local state administrations and local self-government bodies are informed about the results of the inspection.
Based on the results of the inspection, an act is drawn up in the number of copies according to the number of interested parties and brought to the attention of each party.
59. Official correspondence on issues of pre-conscription training for young people is carried out strictly according to departmental subordination.
Military commissariats and education departments annually, by June 10, submit final reports on the state of pre-conscription training of youth for the past year, according to departmental subordination, to the state body in charge of defense issues and to the state body in charge of education issues.
), dressings, and so on, which is one of the main components of the state’s mobilization capabilities.
Organization of the NVP
In the USSR, on the basis of the Law on General Military Duty, in all secondary schools, in secondary specialized educational institutions (technical schools) and in vocational schools (vocational schools) NVP was carried out without interruption from study and production.
CVP in secondary schools was introduced as a subject from the 9th grade. Boys and girls of pre-conscription and conscription age were subject to training. Also to the sphere NVP related to the activities of the DOSAAF network.
According to Soviet tradition, teachers NVP whenever possible, they were recruited from among the officers of the armed forces who had retired to the reserves due to their length of service. Officially their name was assigned military leader or in everyday life abbreviated military instructor .
On average, there were two CVP lessons per week.
For a full study of the subject, schools, vocational schools and technical schools were provided with the appropriate educational material base such as:
- training weapons (AK, small-caliber rifles, air rifles, dummies hand grenades);
- personal protective equipment (gas masks, respirators, OZK);
- radiation and chemical reconnaissance equipment (dosimeters, gas analyzers);
- educational posters and layouts.
The initial stage of the program NVP There was an introduction where the following points were explained to students:
- Definition of the Armed Forces and its tasks.
- Composition of the armed forces, its structure and division into types of troops.
- Military rank system in armed forces and insignia.
- The procedure for completing military service.
IN Basic military training included the study of the following disciplines:
- Drill training - students were taught to form a formation, march in and out of formation, and perform drill techniques.
- Fire training - familiarization with the structure of AKs and hand grenades and their performance characteristics, training in the procedure for assembling and disassembling AKs, familiarization with shooting theory and skills correct aiming. Implementation practical shooting at the shooting range.
- Tactical training - familiarization with the theory of combat, tactical techniques and actions of military personnel in battle.
- Protection against Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - introduction to by individual means protection and rules for their application. Study of chemical reconnaissance means. Familiarization with damaging factors weapons mass destruction. A superficial study of the basics of Civil Defense.
- Medical training - superficial study of care medical care injured and injured.
- Studying the regulations - familiarization with the General Military Regulations of the USSR Armed Forces.
- Topographical preparation - terrain orientation, study symbols on topographic maps, movement along azimuths.
- Engineering training - studying methods of equipping and camouflaging positions, constructing shelters, trenches and trenches, the main types of mines and obstacles.
By the end of the program NVP, if possible, students (boys only) of the 10th grade were taken for a week-long military training to a military unit stationed in a given region, where, under the guidance of career military personnel, they became acquainted with the life of conscripts, with the organization of guard duty and internal services, with samples of weapons, dug single trenches for shooting, engaged in drill training, elements of fire, tactical, physical and military medical training, studied personal, radiation, chemical and biological protection equipment, and carried out firing exercises.
NVP through DOSAAF
In addition to the mandatory program NVP taught in schools, technical schools and colleges, in the USSR, for young men who expressed a desire to receive additional training before conscription for military service, there was an all-Union network of the DOSAAF organization (Voluntary Society for the Assistance of the Army, Aviation and Navy), whose representatives were in all regional centers of the union republics.
The DOSAAF system had military-technical schools and flying clubs. For those young men and women who expressed their desire, DOSAAF could provide free training in the following military-applied disciplines:
- Truck driving courses;
- Driving courses for tracked vehicles (tracked tractors);
- Radiotelegraph operator courses;
- Skydiving training and parachuting;
- Training in flying sports aircraft and airplane sports;
- Motorcycle driving training and motorcycling;
- Modeling (aircraft modeling, ship modeling, car modeling, rocket modeling)
- and much more
In fact, DOSAAF was engaged in training young men who expressed a desire to enroll in higher military schools. DOSAAF was also involved in military-patriotic education of youth
Current situation
At this stage NVP as a program for general secondary schools, secondary specialized educational institutions and vocational schools, is compulsory in the following states of the former USSR:
Despite the Legislation “On Military Duty and Military Service” of 1998, which states that it is mandatory to have NVP in the education system, teaching has never been revived in Russia NVP in schools, despite repeated statements by the state leadership that this is possible.
CWP in other countries
For objective reasons, the governments of some states are forced to increase the mobilization capabilities of the state by introducing NVP into the general education program, or contain paramilitary educational institutions, purposefully preparing candidates for contract service in the armed forces.
Israel
In Israel, pre-conscription training begins at age 13. It is carried out in a youth paramilitary organization GADNA(Hebrew acronym for “Youth Battalions”). Management GADNA carried out by career IDF officers who coordinate the training process with the Ministry of Education. Every year, high school students are sent to military camps for two weeks. At training camps they are subordinate army officers and sergeants. During training camps, schoolchildren receive uniforms. They are given classes in shooting, physical and drill training.
At the end of the training camp, each high school student receives a conclusion from experts on the level of training and a preference for choosing a military specialty. Also in the system GADNA there is an aviation and naval section.
Great Britain
In the UK, pre-conscription training is called Non-military training system (SVP). It exists outside the general education system.
SVP represented by voluntary paramilitary youth organizations of schools and colleges. There are also combined and army cadet units, an Air Training Cadet Corps and a Naval Cadet Corps.
Boys and girls aged 11 to 18 years are accepted into the united cadet units. First, they are enrolled for one year, after which this period, if desired, can be extended for another year. In the first year of training, combat and fire training is devoted, in the second year - training in a military registration specialty. On the subject of cadet training ground forces may include: maintenance of cars and armored vehicles, horse riding, communications, overcoming natural obstacles.
Army cadet units, unlike joint cadet units, are formed by region (county) and prepare young people for service primarily in territorial troops. They can be recruited from both students and non-students. Army cadet units serve as the basis for the formation of cadet battalions, in which the initial military training youth.
